CN102645380B - Structural timber bend strength tester and structural timber bend strength test method - Google Patents
Structural timber bend strength tester and structural timber bend strength test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102645380B CN102645380B CN201210094608.6A CN201210094608A CN102645380B CN 102645380 B CN102645380 B CN 102645380B CN 201210094608 A CN201210094608 A CN 201210094608A CN 102645380 B CN102645380 B CN 102645380B
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Abstract
The invention provides a structural timber bend strength tester, which comprises an engine base, a force-applying mechanism and a data acquisition device; slide ways are arranged on the engine base, two movable supports are arranged on the slide ways, and bent brackets are arranged on the movable supports; a hydraulic cylinder unit of the force-applying mechanism is arranged on the engine base, the force-applying mechanism also comprises a force-applying crossbeam and one or more force-applying holders, an upright is arranged on the engine base, the force-applying crossbeam is arranged on the upright and can vertically or horizontally move, the force-applying holders are arranged on the force-applying crossbeam and can move along the force-applying crossbeam, and the force-applying crossbeam is arranged on a moving part of the hydraulic cylinder unit; the data acquisition device comprises a force sensor and a displacement sensor, and the force sensor is arranged on the moving part of the hydraulic cylinder unit. The invention also provides a test method using the tester. According to the method and the tester, the bent strength of structural timbers can be conveniently and accurately measured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Wood mechanical property detection technique field, it is related to a kind of structural lumber bending strength detection side
Method；The present invention also provides a kind of testing equipment of moveable structure wood-bending intensity of above-mentioned detection method use.
Technical background
Development with national economy and growth in the living standard, people more focus on comfortableness and the building of living environment
The complete property of thing function, also increases year by year to the demand of timber buildings, thus accelerating the development of China's timber buildings.Knot
Structure timber is as building industry and the demand of bearing carrier is grown up, and compared with common wood, structural lumber exists
The physical and mechanical property of product and production technology aspect have larger difference it is most important that being used for the structural lumber of building
There is engineering design value.Structural lumber mainly can be used as the timber structure beam of the buildings such as gymnasium, music hall, Factory Building, house
Post, I-beam, bent beam, truss equivalent-load component, it is that structural lumber has relatively that such purposes requires each sawn timber unit
High mechanical performance index, thus ensure the overall mechanical performance index of structural lumber.
Strength of wood detection is a kind of destructive testing method.By applying live load using mechanical means, to tested
Sawn timber carries out breaking failure test, records the maximum displacement of the maximum load before sawn timber fracture and test point, by computer system
Calculate the bending strength of timber.By detecting the bending strength of timber it may be preferred to go out the timber of different intensity grades, for wood
Structural construction design and structural lumber manufacture, reach and are suitable for just now, the excellent use of excellent material.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, test specimen O is arranged on two bearing A hydraulic pressure mechanics machine of the prior art, in test specimen
Applying power B above, is provided below the amesdial C of measurement deformation in test specimen.Traditional hydraulic pressure mechanics machine, because of its frame for movement
Limited it is impossible to test big specification sawn timber, the piece lengths size of test typically within 1000mm, and for said structure wood
Material, such as timber structure beam column, the length of usual test specimen all in more than 1000mm, can reach 6000mm and more than.In addition, existing skill
Testing machine structure in art is huge, single function, is typically merely able to test specimen be carried out to the strength test of the single point of application, if
Carry out the strength test of two point of applications, need using different testing machines, in prior art, still there is no two point of applications
Strength-testing machine, to carry out two point of application strength tests, just need to transform for existing testing machine, bother very much, so,
The testing requirement of two point of applications of Structure Beam-column cannot be met.
Further, transmitting hydraulic mechanics machine force control precision is not high it is impossible to onsite application is it is impossible to be applied to quick inspection
Survey the requirement of different specification size structural lumber bending strength.
Content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to improve the deficiencies in the prior art, provides one kind that accurate measurement structure timber can be facilitated curved
The testing equipment of bent strength character.
Further object is that providing the detection doing the detection of structural lumber bending strength using the said equipment
Method.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this：
The testing equipment of the structural lumber bending strength that the present invention provides, including a support, the length on this support
Side sets up slide rail, slidably arranges two mobile supports on slide rail, and setting one on this mobile support at each supports inspection
The component of test block is referred to as Bending support, arranges force application apparatus on described support, and this force application apparatus includes a hydraulic cylinder dress
Put, it is arranged on described support, is connected by hydraulic circuit with a hydraulic pump, this hydraulic circuit arranges regulating valve, use
Motion in the vertical motion adjusting in this hydraulic cylinder device or the movement parts of horizontal motion；This force application apparatus also includes one
Force crossbeam and one or more framves that exert a force, setting one on described support is vertically arranged or horizontally disposed column, institute
State force crossbeam can horizontal or vertical be movably arranged on this column, described force frame can be arranged along this force cross beam movement
On described force crossbeam, this force crossbeam is arranged in the described movement parts on described hydraulic cylinder device, thus can be perpendicular with this
Straight or horizontal motion described movement parts move along described column, apply for the test specimen being arranged on described mobile support
Vertical direction or the active force of horizontal direction；This testing equipment also includes data acquisition unit, and it is included in this hydraulic cylinder device
On described movement parts on setting force cell, with obtain in described force application apparatus force frame on force head to test specimen
The numerical value of applying power, also includes a displacement transducer, and it is arranged on described test specimen to obtain maximum distortion during test specimen fracture
Amount.
This testing equipment also includes data handling system, and described data handling system is passed with described force cell, displacement
Sensor is connected by holding wire, thus obtaining the deformation data of measured position when exerting a force data and test specimen destruction, at data
Reason system obtains intensity level.
Described regulating valve can be manual modulation valve.
Described force frame structure can be：Divide in the both lateral sides perpendicular to described length direction of described force crossbeam
One support arm is not set, and the two ends of a roll force are installed on two described support arms and constitute described force head.
The surrounding side of described roll force coats flat board coaming plate so that being plane with the contact surface detecting test specimen；Or, institute
The force side stating roll force is flat shape.
The structure of described Bending support can be：Relatively set in the force direction parallel to described force head including one
Put corresponding with this support bar and be arranged on fixture on this movement support in the support bar on described mobile support and one, wherein
One of can adjustably be arranged at a certain distance on described mobile support in force direction, another be fixed on described mobile support
On, positioned by bearing block between the part being fixed on described mobile support and described mobile support.
More specifically, this fixture includes a clamp shaft, and the two ends of this clamp shaft are supported on described mobile support, at this
Rotatably arranged with the support fixture contacting with described test specimen in clamp shaft, i.e. support roller, this support roller and described support bar phase
Corresponding；Described fixture and test specimen contact portion are plane.
The concrete structure of described support can be：This support is arranged in two support bases fixing, in this support base
Lower end setting castor bracing strut, on this castor bracing strut arrange caster axle, in this caster axle arrange castor.
Shockproof parallels is arranged on this support base, described shockproof parallels can for example pass through worm drive up or down
Mechanism is connected in support base, can achieve that shockproof parallels moves up and down by screw, when being tested at the scene, will
Movably shockproof parallels puts down, and this testing equipment, so that this testing equipment is stable, is moved when detection finishes in brace foundation ground
When, this shockproof parallels is withdrawn, so that castor is landed, be easy to move.
In the described movement parts in described hydraulic cylinder device, the section of stretching out of such as piston rod can arrange a rebound,
Described force crossbeam is placed on described rebound.
On described support, the outside of two Bending supports can also be respectively provided with an auxiliary stand, two described auxiliary
Frame is located at the outside of described mobile support, for test specimen, especially longer test specimen is guided.
Temperature Humidity Sensor can also be included, its gauge head is arranged on described test specimen in described data acquisition unit, and/
Or be arranged near test specimen.This Temperature Humidity Sensor is connected by holding wire and is connected with described data handling system.This humiture
Sensor is used for the humiture of measuring environment and/or the temperature of test specimen and moisture content.
The use of described Temperature Humidity Sensor, to data processing provided auxiliary according to it is ensured that test result is more accurate.
Using the method that the said equipment is curved intensity detection for structural lumber it is：
Step 1：The distance between mobile support of length adjustment two according to tested structural lumber test specimen arrives setting value；
Step 2：Described test specimen is placed on the support bar of setting on described mobile support, described test specimen side will be with shifting
Dynamic support medial surface is parallel or contacts；Then again the probe end of institute's displacement sensors and the respective surfaces of described test specimen are connect
Touch；Start described hydraulic cylinder device so that hydraulic cylinder device work, test specimen is exerted a force in upper and lower both direction, or to examination
Part exerts a force from one of two sides of test specimen in the horizontal direction, and the described movement parts until making described hydraulic cylinder device connect
Described force head on force frame is against on described test specimen, continues motion, until the respective surfaces of the support zone of described test specimen
Contact with the supporting construction of described Bending support；The data of displacement transducer and force cell is all zeroed before, hereafter just opens
Begin to calculate the deflection of force size and timber；
Step 3：Start hydraulic cylinder device, by controlling the described regulating valve on described hydraulic circuit, this movement parts is moved
The dynamic deformation data making test specimen flexural deformation until fracture, force cell and displacement transducer obtain force value and test specimen, directly
To acquisition maximum load value and maximum deformation quantity.
Regulating valve in described hydraulic cylinder device is hand-operated valve, in described detection method, starts hydraulic cylinder device and passes through
Drawing handle on this hand-operated valve of push-and-pull is realized.
In step 2, a U-shaped folder can be arranged in the middle of described two point of applications or be arranged on single point of application position
Put, this U-shaped folder, with respect to the described point of application, is arranged in correspondence with the opposite side in test specimen, adjusts and be arranged on this U-shaped folder side wall
Screw or this screw on nut, make described U-shaped folder be fixed together with test specimen to be measured, then again by institute's displacement sensors
Probe end contact with the outer surface of the bottom surface of described U-shaped folder.
So that detection is more accurate, when the length of structural lumber test specimen is specimen thickness on bending resistance Impact direction
14 times to 18 times, loaded using single-point, that is, using a force frame；When the length of structural lumber test specimen is bending resistance Impact direction
More than 18 times of upper lumber thickness, are loaded using 2 points, you can using two force framves, here in structural glulam standard
Also there are 4 times that the spacing between corresponding computing formula, and two point of applications is lumber thickness.
The testing equipment of the structural lumber bending strength detection that the present invention provides can be realized singly applying on an equipment
Force and double two kinds of different method of testings of the point of application, the crossbeam that slided on described slide rail by mobile support and exert a force is along described
The moveable structure of column, can detect for the different test specimen of length, when timber length changes, can velocity modulation soon
The relative spacing of whole two mobile supports and the position of force frame, thus adaptive testing requires.Special force frame is i.e. wherein
Support arm and roll force be adapted to the test of the different test specimen of width；This device structure is simple, with low cost, easy to operate, property
Can be stable, clamping timber is convenient, and hydraulic cylinder device can achieve fast clamp.The lumber support point that the present invention provides is upper
Face, the point of application, in following detection method, reduces measurement error.
Using hydraulic hand-pump, according to the requirement of tester, the load applying can be controlled.During push handle,
Hydraulic cylinder each oil drain quantity only 1 ~ 2mL, operator can observe the table of the hydralic pressure gauge of setting on fluid pressure line in hydraulic means simultaneously
Disk, adjusts at any time and applies stressed size, controllability is good, and applying power precision is also higher, and the use adaptability of equipment
By force, easy to operate, and also need not adjustment equipment any position.
Increase Temperature Humidity Sensor, for the test of environment and the impact of test specimen moisture content, by the temperature of environment and test specimen
Degree, moisture content, as auxiliary environment parameter, for reference, also can be modified to measurement result.
During test specimen stress deformation, test specimen and be arranged on the trend having slip between the support roller on Bending support, in institute
State rotatably arranged with the support roller contacting with described test specimen in clamp shaft, change can be rotated with test specimen deformation itself,
Effectively prevent the relative slip between surface of test piece and support roller, improve the accuracy of measurement result.
Compared with traditional hydraulic pressure mechanics machine, the structural lumber bending strength detection with moveable structure sets
For big specification sawn timber can be tested, can be surveyed using the moveable structure wood-bending strength detection equipment that the present invention provides
The piece lengths of examination are in 1000mm to 6000mm.Its compact conformation, complete function, use flexible, practical, achievable structure
Detection method and step with wood-bending intensity.This testing equipment adopts high-pressure hydraulic source.Existing testing equipment uses hydraulic pressure
The pressure of device is 8 ~ 12MPa, and the pressure limit that the present invention uses is 8 ~ 16MPa, and hydraulic hand-pump can achieve more accurate
Load.As the power source of such hydraulic means, realize accurately loading manually, can quickly and easily detect that the bending of timber is strong
Degree.Dynamometric system carries out data test and collection using force cell, stable performance, reproducible.This testing equipment overcomes
The huge structure of conventional hydraulic mechanics machine, single function, the test space is limited, control accuracy is not high, cannot make at scene
With etc. unfavorable factor, the sawn timber being particularly well-suited to quick detection different specification size is the intensity of structural lumber.
The testing equipment of structural lumber bending strength that the present invention provides and detection method can facilitate accurately measurement length
The bending strength of the structural lumber test specimen of the different and overlength of degree, certainty of measurement is high, measuring method is simple and easy to do, can be effective
Avoid changing the measurement causing by mistake due to factors such as sawn timber sample dimensions, installation site, installation direction and ambient temperature and humidities
Difference.There is provided for field quick detection different specification size structural lumber bending strength and ensure.
The testing equipment of the structural lumber bending strength that the present invention provides can be applied in upper and lower both direction to test specimen
Power, especially exerts a force from bottom to top, enables to dynamometry precision and improves；This equipment can also be to test specimen in the horizontal direction from test specimen
One of two sides force, such force mechanism, so that test is not affected by test specimen weight, accurately examined
Survey result.
Below by drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is single-point load bending strength test schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is 2 points of load bending strength test schematic diagrams.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the detection method of structural lumber bending strength performance that the present invention provides.
Fig. 4 is the structural lumber detection bending strength device structure schematic diagram that the present invention provides.
Fig. 5 is the A-A cross section structure diagram of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is the B-B cross section structure diagram of Fig. 4.
Fig. 7 is the C-C cross section structure diagram of Fig. 4.
Fig. 8 be display test specimen O the strong point contact with fixture 20 and the point of application with exert a force frame on roll force 32 contact
The structural representation at place.
Fig. 9 is the structural representation of the outside cladding coaming plate of roll force and fixture.
Figure 10 is to illustrate in the front view structure that detection test specimen bending strength is the U-shaped folder of setting on the point of application of test specimen
Figure.
Figure 11 is the left view structural representation of U-shaped folder shown in Figure 10.
Figure 12 is the overlooking the structure diagram of the U-shaped folder shown in Figure 10.
Figure 13 is the structural representation of hydraulic means in this testing equipment.
Specific embodiment
A schematic diagram of the structural lumber bending strength detection method that the present invention provides as shown in Figure 3, i.e. test specimen O
Be supported on two bearing A, two of force application apparatus force framves 3 by lower section applying power upwards, by under force cell B and
Pass on data processor D the test result it is possible to required for obtaining in the data of upper displacement transducer C, can also set
Put Temperature Humidity Sensor F, also pass on data processor D, can be modified for the result of test.
The knot of the testing equipment of the structural lumber bending strength providing for the present invention as Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8
Structure schematic diagram, this testing equipment includes a support 9, abreast arranges two one slide rails on this support 9 on a length direction
91, this two one slide rail 91 respectively all in a separated spacing, be easily installed hydraulic means.This testing equipment also includes mobile
Frame 2, respectively slidably arranges a mobile support 2, under mobile support 2 on two pairs of parallel slide rails 91 of described spacing both sides
End is arranged in the described line slideway 91 that described support 9 is provided with by slide block 10.Setting bending on this mobile support 2
Seat 8, the specific structure of described Bending support 8 can be：Described shifting can be arranged on including one with vertically adjusting at a certain distance
Support bar 19 in the bar segment of dynamic support 2 and one are corresponding and be arranged on the folder on this movement support 2 about 19 with this support bar
Tool 20.More specifically, this fixture 20 includes a clamp shaft, and the two ends of this clamp shaft are supported on described Bending support 8, at this
Fixed by bearing, rotatably arranged with the support contacting with described test specimen in this clamp shaft between clamp shaft and mobile support 2
Roller 21 is corresponding with described support bar 19.Length according to structural lumber test specimen is easily along mobile of described slide rail 91 adjustment
Frame 2, thus ensure the distance between two Bending supports 8.
Force application apparatus are arranged on the support 9 at the spacing between this two one slide rail 91, this force application apparatus includes a hydraulic pressure
Cylinder assembly 13a, it is arranged on described support 9, is connected by hydraulic circuit with a hydraulic pump 12, as shown in fig. 4 and 13,
On this hydraulic circuit, regulating valve 13b is set, for adjusting the motion of the vertically movable part in this hydraulic cylinder device, regulating valve sets
Put manual handle 12a, as shown in figure 13.
As shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, this force application apparatus also includes a force crossbeam 7 and one or more are applied
Power frame 3, shows two force framves 3 of setting in Fig. 4.Column 5 is arranged on described support 9, described force crossbeam 7 can move up and down
Be arranged on this column 5, described force frame 3 can be arranged on transverse shifting described exert a force crossbeam 7 on, this force crossbeam 7 sets
Put on the vertically movable part on described hydraulic cylinder device, thus moving up and down along described column 5 with this vertically movable part, for
It is arranged on the test specimen O to apply active force on described Bending support 8；This testing equipment also includes data acquisition unit, and it includes
A force cell 11 of setting on vertically movable part on this hydraulic cylinder device 13a, is additionally included in setting on described column
One displacement transducer 4.In addition, also including Temperature Humidity Sensor F.
This testing equipment also includes data handling system 14, and described data handling system 14 is i.e. described with data collecting system
Force cell 11 and displacement transducer 4 or also include Temperature Humidity Sensor F and connected by holding wire, are passed in described displacement
Configuration information transmitting device on sensor, it is in data handling system 14 that this information carrying means is connected to peripheral hardware reception device, from
And obtain force data and test specimen destroy when measured position deformation data, intensity level is obtained by data handling system.
Institute's displacement sensors 4 are arranged on described column 5, as shown in Figure 4.The gauge head of displacement transducer 4 is then arranged on
In the surface of test piece opposing upper and lower with stress point of test specimen.
Described regulating valve can be manual modulation valve 13b, which is provided with regulation handle 12a, as shown in figure 13.
The structure of described force frame 3 is as shown in fig. 7, can be：It is respectively provided with one in the both lateral sides of described force crossbeam 7
Support arm 31, the two ends of a roll force 32 are installed on two described support arms 31,
This roll force 32 is vertical with described force crossbeam 7 and lower surface with the test specimen O being arranged on described Bending support 8
Parallel.It is achieved in testing the bending strength of test specimen from the lower section to apply active force of test specimen.
The surrounding of described roll force 32 coats flat board coaming plate 32a so that being plane with the contact surface detecting test specimen, such as Fig. 9
Shown.Or it is also possible to make the force side of described roll force be flat shape.
The structure of described support roller 21 can also identically with roll force, surrounding cladding flat board coaming plate 21a so that with detection
The contact surface of test specimen is plane, as shown in Figure 9；Or so that support roller 21 is flat shape with test specimen contact surface.
Roll force 32 and fixture support roller 21 all around set four pieces of iron plates it is ensured that having sufficiently large area and tested wood
Material contacts.
As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 6, the concrete structure of described support 9 can be：This support 9 is arranged on two support bases 15
Upper fixation, arranges castor bracing strut in the lower end of this support base 15, arranges caster axle, in this castor on this castor bracing strut
On axle, castor 17 is set, shockproof parallels 16 can also be arranged on support base 15.Shockproof parallels 16 is threadedly attached in and props up
On support base 15, it has can telescoping mechanism, such as hydraulic mechanism, screw mechanism etc. up and down.When being tested at the scene, will
Telescopic shockproof parallels 16 puts down, and brace foundation ground, so that this testing equipment is stable, sets when detection finishes this detection mobile
When standby, this shockproof parallels 16 withdrawn, so that castor 17 is landed, be easy to move.
The section of stretching out of the movement parts in hydraulic cylinder device, such as piston rod can arrange a rebound 6 so that described horizontal stroke
Beam 7 is placed on described rebound 6.
On described support 9, the outside of Bending support 2 can also be respectively provided with an auxiliary stand 1, described auxiliary stand 1
In described support side it is also possible to setting two auxiliary stands 1（See Fig. 4）, positioned at the outside of two Bending supports 2, it is used for
In one or both sides for test specimen（Especially longer test specimen）Guided.
Temperature Humidity Sensor 18 is also included on this testing equipment, as shown in Figure 5.This Temperature Humidity Sensor 18 is used for measuring
The temperature of the humiture of environment and/or test specimen and moisture content.
Using the method that the said equipment is curved intensity detection for structural lumber it is：
Step 1：The distance between mobile support 2 of length adjustment two according to tested structural lumber test specimen arrives and sets
Value；
Step 2：Described test specimen is placed on the support bar 19 of setting on described mobile support 2, described test specimen side will
Parallel with mobile support medial surface or contact；Specifically, tested structural lumber is placed on described support bar 19, and ensures
Timber side is parallel with mobile support medial surface or contact；By a U-shaped folder 40（As shown in Figure 10,11 and 12）It is arranged on described Test specimen In the middle of two point of applications Position on , this U-shaped folder is arranged in correspondence with another in test specimen up and down with respect to described force-applying piece
Side, adjusts and is vertically set on this U-shaped folder side wall 401 Holding screw 41 , so that described U-shaped folder 40 is connected with test specimen O to be measured
Together, then again the probe end of institute's displacement sensors is contacted with the surface of the bottom surface 402 of described U-shaped folder 40；Start
Hydraulic cylinder device so that hydraulic cylinder device work, tested structural lumber by roll force 32 slowly jack-up, until described structure is used
Timber upper surface is to fixture 20 lower surface.Now the data of displacement transducer 4 and force cell 11 is all zeroed, it
Just start afterwards to calculate the deflection of force size and timber；
Step 3：Push-and-pull hydraulic hand-pump handle 12a, hydraulic cylinder device works on, and described test specimen continues stress bending and becomes
Shape；Drawing handle continues driving hydraulic cylinder device, makes this vertical fortune by controlling the described regulating valve on described hydraulic circuit
Moving part moves up, and makes test specimen flexural deformation until fracture, and force cell and displacement transducer obtain force value and test specimen
Deformation data, until obtain maximum load value and maximum deformation quantity.
Using hydraulic hand-pump, during push handle, hydraulic cylinder each oil drain quantity only 1 ~ 2mL.
The pressure limit of described hydraulic means is 8 ~ 16MPa.
When the length of structural lumber test specimen is 14 times or 14-18 times of specimen thickness on bending resistance Impact direction, can adopt
Single-point loads, that is, using a force frame, such as Fig. 1；When the length of structural lumber is lumber thickness on bending resistance Impact direction
18 times or more, can be using 2 points of loadings, that is, using two force framves and spacing is 4 times of lumber thickness, such as Fig. 2 and Fig. 4
Shown.Tested structural lumber test specimen O is placed on support bar 19, the probe end of displacement transducer 4 and bracing frame supporting part
Position is maintained on a horizontal plane, is placed in the manual positions adjusting the framves 3 that exert a force of U-shaped folder upper 40, when being touched by the test specimen of jack-up
During support zone, the probe of displacement transducer 4 is also just contacted with wood surface.Continue to adjust hydraulic pump 12 manually, at this moment try
Can flexural deformation because of stress in part, and the size of test piece deformation power is recorded by force cell 11 by hydraulic pump 12, and load is surveyed
Examination direction is from the bottom to top.Meanwhile, the diastrophic displacement of test specimen is recorded by displacement transducer 4.Control hydraulic pump 12 right again
Timber applying power, until Wood fracture, force cell 11 and displacement transducer 4 record maximum load value and maximum distortion respectively
Amount.Temperature Humidity Sensor 18 records the humiture of environment, to ensure the accuracy of test data.
The testing equipment that the present invention provides, by being arranged on force head on crossbeam, can arrange one on crossbeam and apply
Power head, two force heads, it may even go so far that the more heads that exert a force of setting, therefore, both can be exerted a force curved detection using single-point, and that is, three
Point bending（Single-point loads）Detection, it would however also be possible to employ four-point bending（2 points of loadings）Detection it is achieved that field tests broad it is ensured that
Tested sawn timber size range is more versatile and flexible.The position of the point of application can arbitrarily change, very easy to use.
Wherein adopt four-point bending（2 points of loadings）During detection, can achieve two kinds of test methods.One kind for load(ing) point and is propped up
It is non-equidistant state between support point, the strong point and adjacent load dot spacing are 7 times of specimen thickness, and two load dot spacing is 4
Specimen thickness again.This kind of method is mainly used in testing the bending strength of integrated timber.Another kind of is two load(ing) points and two
It is equidistant state between support point.
In above-mentioned detection, displacement transducer can be that to be placed in two strong points all the time be test specimen between two mobile supports
On midpoint.
Specifically detection method can be：
Tested structural lumber is allowed to be that test specimen is placed on support bar 19 naturally, at two of tested structural lumber
U-shaped folder 40 is installed in point of application centre position, and adjusts holding screw 41 and fix；Manual control knobs 12a, adjusts hydraulic pump
Oil drain quantity 1.5ml every time, the size of pressure is to 12MPa, to test specimen imposed load, after constantly loading, wooden by geodesic structure
Material by roll force 32 slowly jack-up, until described structural lumber upper surface is to fixture 20 lower surface.Up-down adjustment
Displacement transducer 4 is so as to probe end contacts U-shaped folder upper surface.Continue to load, until described structural lumber is broken
Bad, corresponding imposed load is recorded by force cell, then by measured data transfer to computer system, calculates this examination
The Deflection Modulus of Elasticity of part, and this result of calculation is exported.
The distance between mobile support 2 of length adjustment two first according to tested structural lumber, works as structural lumber
Two mobile supports between length be 14 times to 18 times of lumber thickness on bending resistance Impact direction, loaded using single-point, that is,
Using a force frame, such as Fig. 1；When the length between two mobile supports of structural lumber is timber on bending resistance Impact direction
More than 18 times of thickness, are loaded using 2 points, that is, using two force framves and spacing is 4 times of lumber thickness, such as Fig. 2.Will
Test specimen is placed on support bar 19, and described test specimen side is parallel with mobile support medial surface or contact；The probe of displacement transducer 4
End is maintained on a horizontal plane with the support zone of Bending support, adjusts the position that hydraulic pump 12 adjusts force frame 3 manually
Put, regulation handle, hydraulic cylinder device works, when support zone is touched by the timber of jack-up, then up-down adjustment displacement sensing
The probe of device 4 is so that the probe of displacement transducer is just contacted with the upper surface 402 of U-shaped folder 40.Continue to adjust manually hydraulic pump
12, at this moment test specimen because of stress, flexural deformation can occur, the size of test piece deformation power is supplied and by force-measuring sensing by hydraulic pump 12
Device 11 records, and load test direction is from the bottom to top.Meanwhile, the diastrophic displacement of test specimen by be arranged on two bracing frames it
Between displacement transducer 4 on midpoint record.Control hydraulic pump 12 again to test specimen applying power, until test specimen fracture, force cell
11 and displacement transducer 4 record maximum load value and maximum deformation quantity respectively.
Temperature Humidity Sensor 18 records the humiture of environment, to ensure the accuracy of test data.
The testing equipment that the present invention provides has the advantage that：
1. the testing equipment that the present invention provides, overall design concision and compact, easy to use and flexible, with low cost, performance are steady
Fixed, it is capable of the bending strength of quick detection structural lumber.
2. adopt mechanical load, can convenient test, and according to the requirement of test, the load applying can be controlled；
3. pair different structural lumber can detect, range of application is more extensive using two kinds of method of testings.
4. lumber support point is above, the point of application in following scheme so that device structure is compacter, system stability
It is improved, test is more convenient.In addition, mobile support on equipment support, force application apparatus can also rotate 90 ° of settings so that
, respectively in the left and right sides of structural lumber, corresponding part also all accordingly sets therewith for the strong point for test specimen and the point of application
Put, the relative position between part is not changed in.The impact of timber own wt so can be excluded well so that measurement result
More accurate.
5. equipment is easy to adjust.During timber length change, can quickly adjust two mobile supports is bracing frame and two
The relative spacing of force frame, thus adaptive testing requires.
6. simple to operate, data handling system can also connect large-screen lc display floater, can unrestricted choice operative position
Put, easy to operate, flexibly.
7. packaged type bending strength testing equipment easy to use and flexible, can quickly detect result；Accuracy of detection
Height, measurement is stable, reproducible；Wheeled moveable fuselage design, increases activity space scope, is not limited by position；
Bending strength and the elastic modelling quantity of timber can quickly and correctly be detected, improve the production efficiency of structural lumber.
The application of 8.U type folder, it is to avoid the probe end of displacement transducer is directly contacted with structural lumber surface, namely
Avoid the wood surface impact that test is produced such as rough, jagged, make the data that displacement transducer records more accurate.
9., rotatably arranged with the support roller contacting with described test specimen in clamp shaft, can turn with test specimen deformation itself
Dynamic change, effectively prevent the relative slip between surface of test piece and support roller during test specimen stress deformation, improves measurement result
Accuracy.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of structure with the testing equipment of sawn timber bending strength it is characterised in that：Including a support, the length on this support
Side sets up slide rail, slidably arranges two mobile supports on slide rail, and setting one on this mobile support at each supports inspection
The component of test block is referred to as Bending support, arranges force application apparatus on described support, and this force application apparatus includes a hydraulic cylinder dress
Put, it is arranged on described support, is connected by hydraulic circuit with a hydraulic pump, this hydraulic circuit arranges regulating valve, use
Motion in the vertical motion adjusting in this hydraulic cylinder device or the movement parts of horizontal motion；This force application apparatus also includes one
Force crossbeam and one or more framves that exert a force, setting one on described support is vertically arranged or horizontally disposed column, institute
State force crossbeam can horizontal or vertical be movably arranged on this column, described force frame can be arranged along this force cross beam movement
On described force crossbeam, this force crossbeam is arranged in the described movement parts on described hydraulic cylinder device, thus can be perpendicular with this
Straight or horizontal motion described movement parts move along described column, apply for the test specimen being arranged on described mobile support
Vertical direction or the active force of horizontal direction；This testing equipment also includes data acquisition unit, and it is included in this hydraulic cylinder device
On described movement parts on setting force cell, with obtain in described force application apparatus force frame on force head to test specimen
The numerical value of applying power, also includes a displacement transducer, and it is arranged on described test specimen to obtain maximum distortion during test specimen fracture
Amount；
Described support（9）Concrete structure be：This support（9）It is arranged on two support bases（15）Upper fixation, at this support bottom
Seat（15）Lower end setting castor bracing strut, on this castor bracing strut arrange caster axle, in this caster axle arrange castor
（17）；
The specific structure of described Bending support is：It is oppositely arranged in the force direction parallel to described force head including one
Support bar on described mobile support and one corresponding with this support bar and be arranged on fixture on this movement support, one of them
Force direction can adjustably be arranged on described mobile support at a certain distance, another be fixed on described mobile support,
Positioned by bearing block and the described force part that is fixed on described mobile support of head opposite side and described mobile support between；
This fixture includes a clamp shaft, and the two ends of this clamp shaft are supported on described mobile support, can turn in this clamp shaft
The support fixture being contacted with described test specimen is set dynamicly, i.e. support roller, this support roller is corresponding with described support bar, in described folder
Rotatably arranged with the support roller contacting with described test specimen so that this support roller can rotate with test specimen deformation itself on tool axle
Change；Described fixture and test specimen contact portion are plane；
Described mobile support, force application apparatus are the structure of rotatable 90 ° of settings；
Shockproof parallels moving up and down is connected with support base.
2. a kind of structure with the testing equipment of sawn timber bending strength it is characterised in that：Including a support, the length on this support
Side sets up slide rail, slidably arranges two mobile supports on slide rail, and setting one on this mobile support at each supports inspection
The component of test block is referred to as Bending support, arranges force application apparatus on described support, and this force application apparatus includes a hydraulic cylinder dress
Put, it is arranged on described support, is connected by hydraulic circuit with a hydraulic pump, this hydraulic circuit arranges regulating valve, use
Motion in the movement parts of the vertically movable upwards direction motion adjusting in this hydraulic cylinder device；This force application apparatus also includes applying
Power crossbeam and one or more framves that exert a force, this force crossbeam is located above described hydraulic cylinder device；On described support
One vertical pillars are set, and described force crossbeam is arranged on this column vertically movablely, described force frame can be horizontal along this force
Beam is movably arranged on described force crossbeam, and this force crossbeam is arranged in the described movement parts on described hydraulic cylinder device,
Thus can move along described column with the described movement parts of this vertical direction motion, for the examination being arranged on described mobile support
Part applies active force straight up；This testing equipment also includes data acquisition unit, and it is included on this hydraulic cylinder device
The force cell of setting in described movement parts, is applied to test specimen with obtaining the force head on the force frame in described force application apparatus
The numerical value of power, also includes a displacement transducer, and it is arranged on described test specimen to obtain maximum deformation quantity during test specimen fracture；
Described support（9）Concrete structure be：This support（9）It is arranged on two support bases（15）Upper fixation, at this support bottom
Seat（15）Lower end setting castor bracing strut, on this castor bracing strut arrange caster axle, in this caster axle arrange castor
（17）；
The specific structure of described Bending support is：It is oppositely arranged in the force direction parallel to described force head including one
Support bar on described mobile support and one corresponding with this support bar and be arranged on fixture on this movement support, one of them
Force direction can adjustably be arranged on described mobile support at a certain distance, another be fixed on described mobile support,
Positioned by bearing block and the described force part that is fixed on described mobile support of head opposite side and described mobile support between；
This fixture includes a clamp shaft, and the two ends of this clamp shaft are supported on described mobile support, can turn in this clamp shaft
The support fixture being contacted with described test specimen is set dynamicly, i.e. support roller, this support roller is corresponding with described support bar, in described folder
Rotatably arranged with the support roller contacting with described test specimen so that this support roller can rotate with test specimen deformation itself on tool axle
Change；Described fixture and test specimen contact portion are plane；
Shockproof parallels moving up and down is connected with support base.
3. testing equipment according to claim 1 and 2 it is characterised in that：Also include data handling system, at described data
Reason system is connected by holding wire with described force cell, displacement transducer, thus when obtaining force data and test specimen destruction
The deformation data of measured position, obtains intensity level by data handling system；Or,
Described regulating valve is manual modulation valve (13b)；Or, the structure of described force frame (3) is：Hanging down in described crossbeam (7)
The straight both lateral sides in described length direction are respectively provided with a support arm（31）, the two ends of a roll force (32) are installed in described in two
Described force head is constituted on support arm.
4. testing equipment according to claim 3 it is characterised in that：Described roll force（32）Surrounding cladding flat board enclose
Plate is so that be plane with the contact surface detecting test specimen；Or, described roll force（32）Force side be flat shape.
5. testing equipment according to claim 1 and 2 it is characterised in that：Described motion in described hydraulic cylinder device
On part, setting one rebound is so that described force crossbeam is placed on described rebound；Or,
On described support, the outside of two Bending supports is respectively provided with an auxiliary stand, and two described auxiliary stands are positioned at described
The outside of mobile support, for guiding to test specimen, test specimen leans against the side of described auxiliary stand；Or,
Also Temperature Humidity Sensor is included, its gauge head is arranged on described test specimen, and/or is arranged in described data acquisition unit
Near test specimen, this Temperature Humidity Sensor is connected with data handling system by holding wire.
6. the testing equipment described in a kind of use the claims 1 or 2 is curved the side of intensity detection for structure sawn timber
Method is：
Step 1：Arrive setting value according to by geodesic structure with the distance between mobile support of length adjustment two of sawn timber test specimen；
Step 2：Described test specimen is placed on the support bar of setting on described mobile support, described test specimen side will be with mobile
Frame medial surface is parallel or contacts；Then again the probe end of institute's displacement sensors is contacted with the respective surfaces of described test specimen；
Start described hydraulic cylinder device so that hydraulic cylinder device works, to test specimen in one of upper and lower both direction, or to test specimen in water
Square exert a force to one of two sides from test specimen, the force frame that the described movement parts until making described hydraulic cylinder device connect
On described force head be against on described test specimen, continue motion, until described test specimen support zone respective surfaces with described
The supporting construction contact of Bending support；The data of displacement transducer and force cell is all zeroed before, hereafter just starts to calculate
Force size and the deflection of sawn timber；
Step 3：Start hydraulic cylinder device, by controlling the described regulating valve on described hydraulic circuit, the movement of this movement parts is made
Until fracture, the deformation data of force cell and displacement transducer acquisition force value and test specimen, until obtain for test specimen flexural deformation
Obtain maximum load value and maximum deformation quantity.
7. method according to claim 6 it is characterised in that：In step 2, a U-shaped folder is arranged on described test specimen
In the middle of two point of applications or be arranged on single point of application position, this U-shaped folder, with respect to the described point of application, is arranged in correspondence with
The opposite side of test specimen, adjust be arranged on the screw on this U-shaped folder side wall or the nut on this screw, make described U-shaped folder with to be measured
Test specimen is fixed together, and then contacts the probe end of institute's displacement sensors with the outer surface of the bottom surface of described U-shaped folder again；
Or,
When the length of structure sawn timber test specimen be specimen thickness on bending resistance Impact direction 14 times to 18 times, loaded using single-point,
I.e. using a force frame；When the length of structure sawn timber test specimen be sawn timber thickness on bending resistance Impact direction more than 18 times, adopt
Loaded with 2 points, you can the use of spacing between frame, and two point of applications for two forces is sawn timber thickness 4 times；Or,
Using hydraulic hand-pump, during push handle, hydraulic cylinder each oil drain quantity only 1 ~ 2mL；Or,
The pressure limit of described hydraulic means is 8 ~ 16MPa.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210094608.6A CN102645380B (en) | 2012-04-01 | 2012-04-01 | Structural timber bend strength tester and structural timber bend strength test method |
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