CN102638210A - Driving system of claw pole synchronous motor and driving method thereof - Google Patents

Driving system of claw pole synchronous motor and driving method thereof Download PDF

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CN102638210A
CN102638210A CN2012101128925A CN201210112892A CN102638210A CN 102638210 A CN102638210 A CN 102638210A CN 2012101128925 A CN2012101128925 A CN 2012101128925A CN 201210112892 A CN201210112892 A CN 201210112892A CN 102638210 A CN102638210 A CN 102638210A
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毕磊
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Fengji Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a driving system of a claw pole synchronous motor. The driving system mainly comprises a rectification circuit consisting of a field-effect tube MOT1, a field-effect tube MOT2, a field-effect tube MOT3 and a field-effect tube MOT4, wherein a non-inductive detection circuit is in series connection between two bridging points of the rectification circuit. The driving system has the advantages that the overall structure is very simple, the claw pole synchronous motor is ensured to have the optimal driving current during operation, the effective value of the driving current is ensured to be minimum under the condition with the same load, the electric loss of the claw pole synchronous motor is reduced to the lowest level, the noise of the claw pole synchronous motor is lowered, and continuous and smooth speed adjustment of the claw pole synchronous motor can be realized.

Description

A kind of drive system of claw electrode synchronization electromotor and driving method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of drive system, specifically be meant a kind of drive system and driving method thereof of claw electrode synchronization electromotor.
Background technology
At present, claw electrode synchronization electromotor (hereinafter to be referred as " motor ") is because it is simple in structure, dependable performance, lower-price characteristic and regulating such as the fan blade of the shaking the head of fan, air-conditioner air outlet and the places such as rotating disk driving of microwave oven have obtained using comparatively widely.
Shown in Figure 1ly be the structural representation of traditional motor when utilizing single phase alternating current power supply to drive; Be that transformer 2 is in parallel with motor coil 1, it uses transformer, can make to the switch control of claw-pole motor simple; Improved safety, but cost rises and volume becomes big.Along with the development of technology, some motor even be designed to be directly connected to electrical network and drive to save transformer.But; When adopting this type of drive, owing to work in the synchronous machine state during motor rotation, its power frequency is fixing supply frequency; Therefore not only efficient is lower, motor operating current and electromagnetic noise are bigger for this type of drive; And in order to cooperate with this drive pattern, the structure of motor also must be carried out specialized designs, thereby increased its cost of manufacture.
For the output torque that increases motor and the slow-speed of revolution that reaches needs, when practice, motor also need be equipped with a reduction gear box that no-load voltage ratio is bigger usually.Though the result who does like this makes the output torque of motor rise, and can produce bigger noise, its efficient is not high yet.
Under the driven in synchronism pattern,, therefore can not satisfy the demand that modern electrical equipment is regulated rotating speed, and then make the range of application of motor receive certain limitation because the output speed of motor is fixed.Perhaps; People also can adopt brshless DC motor to substitute claw electrode synchronization electromotor to solve the problem of noise, efficient and rotational speed regulation; But not only cost is higher owing to brshless DC motor; And owing to also need be equipped with special-purpose hall position sensor, thereby make brshless DC motor as claw electrode synchronization electromotor, can at high temperature move, so this kind scheme also is not suitable for extensive popularization.
In sum, at present these several kinds of drive patterns of being adopted of people all can not well solve the problem that efficient is lower, electric machine speed regulation is difficult and motor noise is bigger of present claw electrode synchronization electromotor.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the problem that efficient is lower, electric machine speed regulation is difficult and motor noise is bigger of present claw electrode synchronization electromotor; A kind of nominal torque that can not only effectively increase motor itself is provided, under the condition that produces same output torque, can reduces the no-load voltage ratio of gear box, but also can effectively reduce noise, the drive system of a kind of claw electrode synchronization electromotor of raising the efficiency.
Another object of the present invention then provides the driving method of the drive system of this claw electrode synchronization electromotor.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
A kind of drive system of claw electrode synchronization electromotor; The rectification circuit of mainly being made up of FET MOT1, FET MOT2, FET MOT3 and FET MOT4 is formed, and between two bridge contacts of this rectification circuit, also being connected with rotor-position does not have sensor detection circuit.
Two bridge contacts of said rectification circuit are connected with two ports of claw electrode synchronization electromotor armature winding respectively.
Further; Described rotor-position does not have sensor detection circuit and comprises resistance R 1, resistance R 2, resistance R 3 and the resistance R 4 of serial connection successively; And be serially connected in the comparator U between the tie point of tie point and resistance R 3 and resistance R 4 of resistance R 1 and resistance R 2, and said resistance R 1 and resistance R 4 are connected to two bridge contacts of rectification circuit.
In order to ensure result of use of the present invention, the ratio of said resistance R 1 and resistance R 2 equals the ratio of resistance R 4 and resistance R 3.Simultaneously, all be parallel with voltage stabilizing didoe D at described FET MOT1, FET MOT2, FET MOT3 and FET MOT4.
A kind of implementation method of drive system of above-mentioned claw electrode synchronization electromotor mainly may further comprise the steps:
(1) native system carries out driven in synchronism by the fixed frequency that presets, and simultaneously the back-emf of armature winding is detected;
(2) do you judge the back-emf that detects armature winding? Be that then execution in step (3) not, is then returned step (1);
(3) set the width of treating the electricity district by predetermined width;
(4) ZCP of positive half cycle of detection or negative half period back-emf calculates its frequency, and generates the width of treating electric district of lower half by the electrical degree of treating the electricity district of preset steady operation;
(5) judge the frequency of half cycle frequency greater than preset minimum speed? Be, then return step (1), deny, then execution in step (6);
(6) detect the ZCP of negative half period or positive half cycle back-emf, calculate its frequency, and generate the width of treating the electricity district of lower half by the electrical degree of treating the electricity district of preset steady operation;
(7) judge the frequency of half cycle frequency greater than preset minimum speed? Be then to return step (1); Deny, then execution in step (4).
Further, " the calculating its frequency " described in step of the present invention (4) and the step (6) is meant according to formula
Figure BDA0000154301800000031
Calculate the electric voltage frequency of positive half cycle or negative half period back-emf ZCP, wherein, t Zcp-newBe the time of the firm ZCP that takes place, t Zcp-oldBe t Zcp-newThe time that a last ZCP before takes place.
Simultaneously, the width of treating the electricity district of lower half " and generate by the electrical degree of treating the electricity district of preset steady operation " described in step (4) and the step (6) is meant according to formula T HC/ (180 °/β Surely), wherein, β SurelyBe the electrical degree of treating the electricity district of preset steady operation, T HCTime span for this half period.
In order to realize that preferably the present invention, the lower half that is generated treat that the span of the width in electricity district is 5 °~90 ° electrical degrees.
Simultaneously, " the setting the width of treating the electricity district by predetermined width " described in the step (3) is meant in advance and sets the width of treating the electricity district by 5 °~50 ° electrical degree.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages and beneficial effect:
(1) not only overall structure is very simple in the present invention; And can also guarantee that claw electrode synchronization electromotor its drive current when operation is the best, can guarantee that its drive current is a minimum value under same loading condition; And then the electrical loss of claw electrode synchronization electromotor being reduced to minimum, the noise of motor also reduces.
(2) the present invention can adjust motor speed arbitrarily and glossily according to demand, makes it in effective velocity interval, the electrical loss of motor is dropped to minimum, thereby satisfy the demand of modern electrical equipment fully.
(3) the present invention has substituted the position that traditional Hall element detects rotor with noninductive testing circuit, and not only volume can not increase, and need not to take into account the influence of high temperature to transducer again, thereby can make the present invention obtain bigger promotion and application.
(4), thereby can reduce the loss and the noise of claw electrode synchronization electromotor further because rotating speed of the present invention can be regulated, so the no-load voltage ratio of the gear box of claw electrode synchronization electromotor can suitably reduce.
(5) the present invention can select in noninductive optimum driving and two drive patterns of driven in synchronism according to the situation of motor load automatically, and perhaps segmentation is selected in time domain, makes that the load capacity of claw electrode synchronization electromotor and speed regulation ability are strengthened.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the existing structural representation that comes the driving claw electrode synchronization electromotor with single phase alternating current power supply.
Fig. 2 is an integrated circuit structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the voltage waveform of terminal voltage waveform when drive zone 100% duty ratio of the armature winding of single-phase claw electrode synchronization electromotor.
Fig. 4 is the voltage waveform of terminal voltage waveform when drive zone 50% duty ratio of the armature winding of single-phase claw electrode synchronization electromotor.
Fig. 5 has described to have the driven in synchronism pattern of treating electricity district and drive zone.
The driven in synchronism pattern of the width reduction that Fig. 6 has described to treat the electricity district to zero time.
Flow chart when Fig. 7 moves for the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is done to specify further, but execution mode of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Embodiment
Shown in Fig. 1~6, the drive system of claw electrode synchronization electromotor of the present invention, it is mainly by the rectification circuit 3 that driving voltage and electric current are carried out rectification, and the rotor-position that is used to detect, feed back and control coherent signal does not have sensor detection circuit 4 and forms.Wherein, Rectification circuit 3 is formed bridge rectifier jointly by FET MOT1, FET MOT2, FET MOT3 and FET MOT4; Be that field effect pipe MOT1 and FET MOT3 are in series; FET MOT2 and FET MOT4 are in series, and the drain D of FET MOT1 and FET MOT2 then is connected with input voltage Vdd jointly, and FET MOT3 then is connected back ground connection with the source S of FET MOT4.
The bridge contact (being tie point) of the bridge contact (being tie point) of FET MOT1 and FET MOT3 and FET MOT2 and FET MOT4 is connected with MOT_B with two port MOT_A of the armature winding of claw electrode synchronization electromotor respectively.
Described rotor-position does not have 4 of sensor detection circuits by resistance R 1~R4, and a comparator U forms.During connection; Resistance R 1, resistance R 2, resistance R 3 and resistance R 4 are connected in series successively and form; The other end of resistance R 1 and resistance R 4 then is connected with two bridge contacts respectively, and comparator U then is serially connected between the tie point of tie point and resistance R 3 and resistance R 4 of resistance R 1 and resistance R 2.At this moment, this rotor-position does not have sensor detection circuit 4 and just is equivalent to be directly parallel on the armature winding of claw electrode synchronization electromotor, so that can measure the back-emf (back-emf) of claw electrode synchronization electromotor armature winding at any time.
In order to ensure result of use; The ratio of resistance R 1 of the present invention and resistance R 2 equals the ratio of resistance R 4 and resistance R 3; Be R1: R2=R4: R3; Guaranteeing that selection through these resistances can make the voltage of input of comparator U to be complementary with its supply voltage, thereby make that comparator U can operate as normal.
During operation, in order to produce forward torque, only conducting when back-emf is positive of FET MOT1 and FET MOT4.At this moment, drive current is flow to by the port Mot_A of armature winding and is flowed out by Mot_B.When back-emf when negative, at this moment, FET MOT2 and FET MOT3 conducting, and drive current is flow to by port Mot_B and flowed out by Mot_A.Therefore rely on such type of drive, no matter the electric current in the claw electrode synchronization electromotor armature winding is for just still bearing, and the torque that claw electrode synchronization electromotor produced is positive forever, thereby can guarantee that drive current is an optimum current at this drive pattern.
Because the change in polarity of the back-emf of claw electrode synchronization electromotor armature winding can obtain from its zero crossing (zero crossing point is called for short ZCP), so the present invention adopts comparator U to obtain the information of back-emf change in polarity.Can detect back-emf of short duration during, all MOSFET pipes are in off state.The voltage signal of claw electrode synchronization electromotor armature winding port is the signal of back-emf at this moment.Therefore, at the claw electrode synchronization electromotor duration of work, claw electrode synchronization electromotor works in " treating the electricity district " and " drive zone " respectively, and is as shown in Figure 5.Near the ZCP generation area, drive operation is carried out the position of motor and the polarity detection of back-emf in " treating the electricity district ".After the polarity discriminating of back-emf is clear, machine operation in " drive zone " to produce driving torque.Because the value of back-emf is less in " treat electricity district ", and should the interval shorter, treat the electricity district exist less to the influence of motor torque.The rational width of treating the electricity district can obtain through the simple experiment to motor in advance.
According to result of the test, when steady operation, the width of treating electricity district is usually in the scope of 5~30 electrical degrees, but indivedual motor also possibly reach 90 ° of electrical degrees.After adopting this noninductive technology, the switching-over of drive circuit is by rotor-position decision, so power frequency is by the load decision of motor.When load was bigger, motor speed was slower, and the switching frequency of electric current is just lower.Rotating speed of motor also can be adjusted through changing driving voltage, and the adjustment of driving voltage can realize through the control model of PWM.Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 have represented the waveform of the driving voltage when the duty ratio of drive zone PWM is 100% and 50% respectively.The drive current that forms with such method is optimum naturally, and this drive pattern is designated hereinafter simply as the optimum current drive pattern.
Consider that the back-emf of claw electrode synchronization electromotor when startup and low cruise is very low, ZCP can't be detected.Therefore in claw electrode synchronization electromotor startup and low cruise, the present invention still considers to adopt the synchronous machine operating scheme of open loop, but the waveform of driving voltage is a square wave, and this can be so that the driven in synchronism of motor be more effective.When claw electrode synchronization electromotor was running well, the increase of load torque can cause the rotary speed of motor to reduce and the increase of drive current.When the claw electrode synchronization electromotor rotating speed is low when driver can't effectively detect back-emf, driver gets into the drive pattern of synchronous machine shown in Figure 5 automatically.In this driven in synchronism mode phases, also still exist in the driving process and treat electricity district and drive zone.Driver can be constantly at the back-emf of treating electricity district detection motor windings, in case find to detect back-emf effectively, driver just gets into above optimum current drive pattern.When motor makes rotating speed low when driver can't effectively detect back-emf because load is excessive; Driver also can use the drive pattern of the synchronous machine of Fig. 6; Wherein, the width reduction of treating the electricity district is to zero, and the phase difference in the middle of the back-emf of winding and the equivalent driving voltage is α.If the time of overload is very short, can come to get into once more the optimum current drive pattern through to the control of driven in synchronism pattern on the time domain width.And the effective width of this time domain can obtain through simple test in advance.
When the present invention moved, implementation step was as shown in Figure 7, promptly may further comprise the steps:
(1) native system carries out driven in synchronism by the fixed frequency that presets, and simultaneously the back-emf of armature winding is detected.Wherein, the optimum range of the fixed frequency that presets here can draw through existing simple experiment in advance.
(2) do you judge the back-emf that detects armature winding? Be that then execution in step (3) not, is then returned step (1).
(3) set the width of treating the electricity district by predetermined width, promptly set the width of treating the electricity district according to 5 °~50 ° electrical degree in advance, for example set the width of treating the electricity district according to 30 ° of electrical degrees.
(4) ZCP of positive half cycle of detection or negative half period back-emf calculates its frequency, and generates the width of treating electric district of lower half by the electrical degree of treating the electricity district of preset steady operation.Wherein, " calculating its frequency " is meant according to formula
Figure BDA0000154301800000071
Calculate the electric voltage frequency of positive half cycle or negative half period back-emf ZCP, t Zcp-newBe the time of the firm ZCP that takes place, t Zcp-olldBe t Zcp-newThe time that a last ZCP before takes place; Described the width of treating the electricity district of lower half " and generate by the electrical degree of treating the electricity district of preset steady operation " then is meant according to formula T HC/ (180 °/β Surely), wherein, β SurelyBe the electrical degree of treating the electricity district of preset steady operation, T HCTime span for this half period.
According to its computing formula, the lower half that is generated treats that the span of the width in electricity district is 5 °~90 ° electrical degrees.
(5) judge the frequency of half cycle frequency greater than preset minimum speed? Be, then return step (1), deny, then execution in step (6).
(6) detect the ZCP of negative half period or positive half cycle back-emf, calculate its frequency, and generate the width of treating the electricity district of lower half by the electrical degree of treating the electricity district of preset steady operation.
In like manner, " calculating its frequency " is meant according to formula
Figure BDA0000154301800000072
Calculate the electric voltage frequency of positive half cycle or negative half period back-emf ZCP, t Zcp-nowBe the time of the firm ZCP that takes place, t Zcp-oldBe t Zcp-newThe time that a last ZCP before takes place; Described the width of treating the electricity district of lower half " and generate by the electrical degree of treating the electricity district of preset steady operation " then is meant according to formula T HC/ (180 °/β Surely), wherein, β SurelyBe the electrical degree of treating the electricity district of preset steady operation, T HCTime span for this half period.For example, if the electrical degree of treating the electricity district of preset steady operation is 30 °, because the electrical degree of half period is 180 °, and the time span of this half period is T HCSo the length of treating the electricity district of lower half is T HC/ 6.
(7) judge the frequency of half cycle frequency greater than preset minimum speed? Be then to return step (1); Deny, then execution in step (4).
As stated, just can realize the present invention preferably.

Claims (10)

1. the drive system of a claw electrode synchronization electromotor; The rectification circuit of mainly being made up of FET MOT1, FET MOT2, FET MOT3 and FET MOT4 is formed, and it is characterized in that: between two bridge contacts of this rectification circuit, also being connected with rotor-position does not have sensor detection circuit.
2. the drive system of a kind of claw electrode synchronization electromotor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: two bridge contacts of said rectification circuit are connected with two ports of claw electrode synchronization electromotor armature winding respectively.
3. the drive system of a kind of claw electrode synchronization electromotor according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that: described rotor-position does not have sensor detection circuit and comprises resistance R 1, resistance R 2, resistance R 3 and the resistance R 4 of serial connection successively; And be serially connected in the comparator U between the tie point of tie point and resistance R 3 and resistance R 4 of resistance R 1 and resistance R 2, and said resistance R 1 and resistance R 4 are connected to two bridge contacts of rectification circuit.
4. the drive system of a kind of claw electrode synchronization electromotor according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the ratio of said resistance R 1 and resistance R 2 equals the ratio of resistance R 4 and resistance R 3.
5. the drive system of a kind of claw electrode synchronization electromotor according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described FET MOT1, FET MOT2, FET MOT3 and FET MOT4 all are parallel with voltage stabilizing didoe D.
6. the implementation method of the drive system of an above-mentioned claw electrode synchronization electromotor is characterized in that, mainly may further comprise the steps:
(1) native system carries out driven in synchronism by the fixed frequency that presets, and simultaneously the back-emf of armature winding is detected;
(2) do you judge the back-emf that detects armature winding? Be that then execution in step (3) not, is then returned step (1);
(3) set the width of treating the electricity district by predetermined width;
(4) ZCP of positive half cycle of detection or negative half period back-emf calculates its frequency, and generates the width of treating electric district of lower half by the electrical degree of treating the electricity district of preset steady operation;
(5) judge the frequency of half cycle frequency greater than preset minimum speed? Be, then return step (1), deny, then execution in step (6);
(6) detect the ZCP of negative half period or positive half cycle back-emf, calculate its frequency, and generate the width of treating the electricity district of lower half by the electrical degree of treating the electricity district of preset steady operation;
(7) judge the frequency of half cycle frequency greater than preset minimum speed? Be then to return step (1); Deny, then execution in step (4).
7. the implementation method of the drive system of a kind of claw electrode synchronization electromotor according to claim 6 is characterized in that, " calculating its frequency " described in step (4) and the step (6) is meant according to formula
Figure FDA0000154301790000021
Calculate the electric voltage frequency of positive half cycle or negative half period back-emf ZCP, wherein, t Zcp-nowBe the time of the firm ZCP that takes place, t Zcp-oldBe t Zcp-newThe time that a last ZCP before takes place.
8. the implementation method of the drive system of a kind of claw electrode synchronization electromotor according to claim 7; It is characterized in that the width of treating the electricity district of lower half " and generate by the electrical degree of treating the electricity district of preset steady operation " described in step (4) and the step (6) is meant according to formula T HC/ (180 °/β Surely), wherein, β SurelyBe the electrical degree of treating the electricity district of preset steady operation, T HCTime span for this half period.
9. the implementation method of the drive system of a kind of claw electrode synchronization electromotor according to claim 8 is characterized in that, the lower half that is generated treats that the span of the width in electricity district is 5 °~90 ° electrical degrees.
10. the implementation method of the drive system of a kind of claw electrode synchronization electromotor according to claim 6; It is characterized in that " setting the width of treating the electricity district by predetermined width " described in the step (3) is meant in advance and sets the width of treating the electricity district by 5 °~50 ° electrical degree.
CN201210112892.5A 2012-04-17 2012-04-17 Driving system of claw pole synchronous motor and driving method thereof Active CN102638210B (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116604954A (en) * 2023-04-25 2023-08-18 珠海芯烨电子科技有限公司 Control method for stepping motor of thermal printer

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TW200922108A (en) * 2007-11-01 2009-05-16 Weltrend Semiconductor Inc A single-phase fan motor drive system without using a rotor position sensor
CN101711453A (en) * 2007-06-26 2010-05-19 阿思科尔P&C责任有限公司 A control system without position sensors for a synchronous electric motor

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070092232A1 (en) * 2005-10-21 2007-04-26 Norio Fujii Motor drive unit
US20080018289A1 (en) * 2006-07-21 2008-01-24 Fumio Tajima Single-phase position sensorless permanent magnet motor control apparatus
KR100847455B1 (en) * 2007-04-19 2008-07-21 주식회사 대우일렉트로닉스 Apparatus and method for controlling single phase direct brushless motor
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116604954A (en) * 2023-04-25 2023-08-18 珠海芯烨电子科技有限公司 Control method for stepping motor of thermal printer
CN116604954B (en) * 2023-04-25 2024-02-23 珠海芯烨电子科技有限公司 Control method for stepping motor of thermal printer

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