CN102636217B - Sensing device based on joint detection of Brillouin optical time domain analysis and Mach-Zehnder interference - Google Patents
Sensing device based on joint detection of Brillouin optical time domain analysis and Mach-Zehnder interference Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sensing device based on joint detection of Brillouin optical time domain analysis and Mach-Zehnder interference, which can be used for simultaneously measuring vibration and a temperature (or stress). The sensing device comprises a narrow-band light source, four optical couplers, an optical amplifier, an optical switch, two optical polarization controllers, two optical modulators, two photoelectric detectors and an electronic processor. The sensing device combines a Brillouin distributed fiber sensor and a Mach-Zehnder fiber sensor together through a common light source and a common sensing optical fiber. According to the utility model, the Brillouin sensor is used for measuring temperature (or stress) and the Mach-Zehnder sensor is used for measuring vibration, thereby realizing the multi-parameter measurement of the device; therefore, the cost performance of the fiber sensing device is improved and the application field is widened.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Brillouin, mach zhender distributed fiberoptic sensor, belong to technical field of optical fiber sensing.
Background technology
Distributed fiberoptic sensor, can be to testee due to advantages such as its electromagnetism interference, corrosion-resistant and electrical insulating properties
Carry out the one-dimensional on-line monitoring without blind spot, have a wide range of applications.Utilize the Brillouin scattering can be to temperature (or strain)
Carry out long-distance sensing, utilize Mach Zehnder interferometry vibration can be carried out long-distance sensing.Such as patent
CN101162158A discloses distributed sensing commercial measurement temperature and the strain that a kind of Brillouin combines with Raman scattering, specially
Profit CN100588912C discloses a kind of optical fiber mach Zeng Deer and combines with Michelson interference combination array interferometer measurement
Vibration, patent CN101324443B discloses a kind of mach zhender cascade type optical fiber interferometer measurement utilizing space division multiplexing and shakes
Dynamic.And in actual environment, some application scenarios need jointly to detect vibration and temperature (or strain), how to realize this
The optical devices such as the combination of two kinds of sensors, i.e. two sensors common light source, sensor fibre and electronic processors realize double
Mechanism senses, and is more scabrous technological difficulties.
What Brillouin scattering and Mach Zehnder interferometry were used is all narrow-band light source, and Brillouin optical time domain analysis
(BOTDA) technology needs double-end monitor, and Mach Zehnder interferometry sensing technology is also required to double-end monitor, the most on this basis
Both can be organically combined.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Brillouin optical time domain analysis and distribution that Mach Zehnder interferometry detects jointly
Formula fibre-optical sensing device.
The distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment that a kind of Brillouin optical time domain analysis and Mach Zehnder interferometry detect jointly, it is special
Levy is narrow-band light source (1), the first photo-coupler (2), the second photo-coupler (6), the 3rd photo-coupler (8), the 4th photo-coupler
(12), image intensifer (4), photoswitch (17), the first optical polarization controller (5), the second optical polarization controller (14), the first light are adjusted
Device processed (3), the second photomodulator (13), the first photoelectric detector (15), the second photoelectric detector (16), electronic processors
(11), narrow-band light source (1) sends light and is divided into two-way through the first photo-coupler (2), and a road output is defeated with the first photomodulator (3)
Entering end to be connected, the outfan of the first photomodulator (3) is connected with the input of image intensifer (4), the outfan of image intensifer (4)
It is connected with the input of the first optical polarization controller (5), the outfan of the first optical polarization controller (5) and the second photo-coupler
(6) a end is connected, and the c end of the second photo-coupler (6) and one end of the first optical fiber (7) are connected, the d end of the second photo-coupler (6)
Being connected with one end of photoswitch (17), the other end of photoswitch (17) and one end of the second optical fiber (9) are connected, and the first optical fiber
(7), the other end of the second optical fiber (9) a, b end with the 3rd photo-coupler (8) respectively be connected, and the c of the 3rd photo-coupler (8)
End is connected with the 3rd optical fiber (10) one end, and the 3rd optical fiber (10) other end then c end with photo-coupler (12) is connected, photo-coupler
(12) a end and the input of the second photoelectric detector (16) are connected, the b end and first of photo-coupler the second photo-coupler (6)
The input of photoelectric detector (15) is connected；Another road output of the first photo-coupler (2) is defeated with the second photomodulator (13)
Entering end to be connected, the outfan of the second photomodulator (13) and the input of the second optical polarization controller (14) are connected, and the second light is inclined
The outfan of controller (14) that shakes is connected with the b end of photo-coupler (12), the first photoelectric detector (15), the second photoelectric detector
(16) outfan input with electronic processors (11) respectively is connected；Electronic processors (11) is to the second photomodulator (13)
It is controlled with the first photomodulator (3).
Described the first photomodulator (3) can be electrooptic modulator or acousto-optic modulator, is controlled by electronic processors (11)
System, carries out light pulse modulation when device carries out Brillouin signal detection, makes pulsed light enter sensor fibre；And carrying out Mach
During Zeng Deer interference sensing, photomodulator does not carry out light amplitude modulation.
Described the second photomodulator (13) is radio frequency electrical photomodulator, is controlled by electronic processors (11), enters at device
It is modulated during the detection of row Brillouin signal, makes incident illumination enter sensor fibre after producing frequency displacement；And carrying out mach zhender
During interference sensing, manipulator carries out premodulated or does not carry out light modulation.
Described photoswitch (17) is controlled by electronic processors (11), disconnects when device carries out Brillouin signal detection,
Then close when carrying out Mach Zehnder interferometry sensing.
Utilize optical fiber Brillouin scatterometry temperature, stress change principle: in a fiber, the frequency displacement of Brillouin scattering and optical fiber
In effective refractive index relevant with velocity of ultrasonic sound, the change of ambient temperature and stress can make effective refractive index and velocity of ultrasonic sound produce
Changing, thus change Brillouin shift.As long as so the frequency displacement of detection Brillouin scattering just can obtain temperature or stress exists
Distribution on optical fiber.The mathematic(al) representation of Brillouin shift is:
vB=2nva/λ (1)
vBFor the deep pool frequency displacement of cloth profit；N is fiber core refractive index；Va is the velocity of sound；λ is the wavelength of pump light.When pump light
During wavelength X=1.55um, Brillouin shift is about 11GHz.
Brillouin shift and ambient temperature, strain linear:
ΔVB=CvTΔT+CτEΔε (2)
Wherein: △ vBFor Brillouin shift variable quantity；△ ε is the variable quantity of strain；△ T is temperature variation；CvTFor cloth
In deep pool frequency displacement temperature coefficient；CτEFor the Brillouin shift coefficient of strain；CvT、CτEMeasurement can obtain, in ambient temperature or strain constant
Time, extraneous strain or the change of temperature can be recorded according to Brillouin shift.
Brillouin distributed optical fiber sensing mainly has optical time domain reflection (BOTDR) and two kinds of machines of optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA)
Reason, uses optical time-domain analysis mode here.
Flashlight is divided into two-way after light source enters the first bonder (2), and a road is excitation light, through the first photomodulator
(3) sensing the first optical fiber (7) top is entered after carrying out light pulse modulation；Another road is detection light, through the second photomodulator (13)
It is modulated producing the frequency displacement of about about 11GHz, enters sensing the 3rd optical fiber (10) end.
What the first photoelectric detector (15) detected is detection light, its signal is reflected in sensor fibre under certain frequency displacement everywhere
Stimulated Brillouin scattering size.
When encouraging the light frequency difference with detection light with when the Brillouin shift in certain region is equal in optical fiber, will produce in this region
Raw Brillouin amplification effect, two light beams occur energy to shift each other.Owing to Brillouin shift exists linear with temperature, strain
Relation, therefore, while the frequency of laser instrument is continuously adjusted, the continuous light being coupled out from optical fiber one end by detection
Power, so that it may determine that the transfer of energy on each section of region of optical fiber reaches difference on the frequency corresponding during maximum, thus obtain temperature, should
Change information, it is achieved distributed measurement.
The basic structure of Mach Zehnder interferometry is that light source is divided into two paths of signals light, a road signal through the first bonder (2)
Light is divided into two-way through the second bonder (6), is injected separately into reference arm (the second optical fiber (9)) and signal arm (the first optical fiber (7)), then
Enter through light the 3rd bonder (8) and return the 3rd optical fiber (10), the second photoelectric detector (16) detect interference signal, for forward
Light；Another road flashlight enters through light the 4th bonder (12) and returns the 3rd optical fiber (10), then enters through the 3rd bonder (8)
Sensor fibre (includes reference arm (the second optical fiber (9)) and signal arm (the first optical fiber (7))), the first photoelectric detector (15) examine
Survey interference signal, for backlight.Positive and negative two-way light, forms loop.
Flashlight transmission in the reference arm (the second optical fiber (9)) and signal arm (the first optical fiber (7)) of optical fiber, signal arm
(the first optical fiber (7)) are used for experiencing extraneous vibration, and reference arm (the second optical fiber (9)) is used for passing another road light of interferometer.When having
When vibration or pressure signal act on fiber-optic signal arm (the first optical fiber (7)), signal arm (the first optical fiber (7)) optical fiber can be caused
Physical dimension and the parameter such as refractive index change, cause the phase of light wave transmitted wherein to produce change.Meanwhile, reference arm
In (the second optical fiber (9)) there is not similar change, therefore signal arm (the first optical fiber (7)) and reference arm in the phase of light wave of transmission
Produce phase contrast in (the second optical fiber (9)) between two-beam of transmission, will interfere when converging, the change of interference light intensity by
Photodetector is converted into signal of telecommunication performance.
Theoretical according to interference of light, two-way light is when arbitrfary point interferes, and this light intensity is:
In formula, respectively interfere the light intensity of two-beam, for the phase contrast of two-beam, the change that extraneous vibration can cause
Change, thus cause the change of detection light luminous power.
Owing to being the input of positive and negative two-beam, according to the time difference received when two-beam light intensity changes, it is possible to determine and send out
The position of raw vibration.
It is located at signal arm (the first optical fiber (7)) Z and vibrates, be then easy to show that
In formula, L is signal arm (the first optical fiber (7)) length, and Ld is for returning fiber lengths, and n is fiber core refractive index, and c is
The light velocity in vacuum, △ T is the detection time difference of two photoelectric detectors.
It is an advantage of the current invention that: in same device system, realize the optical fiber of Brillouin scattering and Mach Zehnder interferometry
Sensing；Can realize realizing in same device vibration and the detection of temperature (or strain)；The distribution of many reference amounts distance can be realized
Formula senses.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
With reference to Fig. 1, it is distributed that the present invention is a kind of Brillouin optical time domain analysis and Mach Zehnder interferometry detects jointly
Fibre-optical sensing device, including narrow-band light source (1), the first photo-coupler (2), the second photo-coupler (6), the 3rd photo-coupler (8),
4th photo-coupler (12), image intensifer (4), photoswitch (17), the first optical polarization controller (5), the second optical polarization controller
(14), the first photomodulator (3), the second photomodulator (13), the first photoelectric detector (15), the second photoelectric detector (16),
Electronic processors (11), narrow-band light source (1) sends light and is divided into two-way through the first photo-coupler (2), and a road output is adjusted with the first light
The input of device processed (3) is connected, and the outfan of the first photomodulator (3) is connected with the input of image intensifer (4), image intensifer
(4) outfan and the input of the first optical polarization controller (5) are connected, the outfan of the first optical polarization controller (5) and the
The a end of two photo-couplers (6) is connected, and the c end of the second photo-coupler (6) and one end of the first optical fiber (7) are connected, the second optical coupling
The d end of device (6) is connected with one end of photoswitch (17), and the other end of photoswitch (17) and one end of the second optical fiber (9) are connected, and
First optical fiber (7), other end a, b end with the 3rd photo-coupler (8) respectively of the second optical fiber (9) are connected, and the 3rd optical coupling
The c end of device (8) and the 3rd optical fiber (10) one end are connected, and the 3rd optical fiber (10) other end then c end with photo-coupler (12) is connected,
The a end of photo-coupler (12) and the input of the second photoelectric detector (16) are connected, the b of photo-coupler the second photo-coupler (6)
End is connected with the input of the first photoelectric detector (15)；The output of another road and second photomodulator of the first photo-coupler (2)
(13) input is connected, and the outfan of the second photomodulator (13) and the input of the second optical polarization controller (14) are connected,
The outfan of the second optical polarization controller (14) is connected with the b end of photo-coupler (12), the first photoelectric detector (15), the second light
The outfan of photodetector (16) input with electronic processors (11) respectively is connected；Second light is adjusted by electronic processors (11)
Device processed (13) and the first photomodulator (3) are controlled.
First photomodulator (3) uses electrooptic modulator or acousto-optic modulator, and the second photomodulator (13) uses microwave electricity
Light modulation, produces the frequency displacement of about about 11GHz.
Electronic processors (11) controls the work of two photomodulators.When carrying out Brillouin scattering measurement, electronic processors
(11) controlling photoswitch (17) to disconnect, produce pulsed light by the first photomodulator (3), the second photomodulator (13) produces about
The optical signal of about 11GHz frequency displacement, final Brillouin signal exports to the first photoelectric detector through the second photo-coupler (6)
(15), electronic processors is entered after opto-electronic conversion.When carrying out Mach Zehnder interferometry measurement, electronic processors (11) controls light and opens
Closing (17) Guan Bi, manipulator carries out premodulated or is not modulated light, and positive and negative two-way direct current light enters optical fiber, and forward light is through the
Four photo-couplers (12) export to the second photoelectric detector (16)；Backlight is electric to light first through the second photo-coupler (6) output
Detector (15), enters electronic processors (11) after being converted into the signal of telecommunication.
Obtain the frequency displacement of Brillouin scattering through measuring, in conjunction with formula 1, ambient temperature or strain constant in the case of,
The external world can be recorded strain or temperature conditions:
(5)
Measurement to Mach Zehnder interferometry, according to formula 3 by detecting the change of optical power signals, outside can reflecting
Boundary's Vibration Condition；According to formula 4, detect that the time difference of optical signal can calculate vibration and send out by measuring two photoelectric detectors
Position at Sheng.
Claims (3)
1. the sensing device that Brillouin optical time domain analysis and Mach Zehnder interferometry detect jointly, is characterized in that including arrowband
Light source (1), the first photo-coupler (2), the second photo-coupler (6), the 3rd photo-coupler (8), the 4th photo-coupler (12), light are put
Big device (4), photoswitch (17), the first optical polarization controller (5), the second optical polarization controller (14), the first photomodulator (3),
Second photomodulator (13), the first photoelectric detector (15), the second photoelectric detector (16), electronic processors (11), narrow band light
Source (1) sends light and is divided into two-way through the first photo-coupler (2), and a road output is connected with the input of the first photomodulator (3), the
The outfan of one photomodulator (3) is connected with the input of image intensifer (4), and outfan and first light of image intensifer (4) are inclined
Shake controller (5) input be connected, the outfan of the first optical polarization controller (5) and a end phase of the second photo-coupler (6)
Even, the c end of the second photo-coupler (6) and one end of the first optical fiber (7) are connected, the d end of the second photo-coupler (6) and photoswitch
(17) one end is connected, and the other end of photoswitch (17) and one end of the second optical fiber (9) are connected, and the first optical fiber (7), the second light
The other end of fine (9) a, b end with the 3rd photo-coupler (8) respectively is connected, and the c end of the 3rd photo-coupler (8) and the 3rd light
Fine (10) one end is connected, and the 3rd optical fiber (10) other end then c end with the 4th photo-coupler (12) is connected, the 4th photo-coupler
(12) a end and the input of the second photoelectric detector (16) are connected, the b end of the second photo-coupler (6) and the first Photoelectric Detection
The input of device (15) is connected；Another road output of the first photo-coupler (2) is connected with the input of the second photomodulator (13),
The outfan of the second photomodulator (13) and the input of the second optical polarization controller (14) are connected, the second optical polarization controller
(14) outfan and the b end of the 4th photo-coupler (12) are connected, the first photoelectric detector (15), the second photoelectric detector (16)
Outfan input with electronic processors (11) respectively be connected；Electronic processors (11) is to the second photomodulator (13) and
One photomodulator (3) is controlled.
2. the sensing dress jointly detected according to a kind of Brillouin optical time domain analysis shown in claim 1 and Mach Zehnder interferometry
Put, it is characterized in that controlling the first photomodulator (3), the second photomodulator (13), photoswitch (17) by electronic processors (11),
Device is made to adapt to the measurement of Brillouin scattering and Mach Zehnder interferometry respectively.
3. the sensing dress jointly detected according to a kind of Brillouin optical time domain analysis shown in claim 1 and Mach Zehnder interferometry
Put, it is characterized in that by the second photo-coupler (6), the 3rd photo-coupler (8), the 4th photo-coupler (12) make Brillouin scattering and
Mach Zehnder interferometry shares the first optical fiber (7), the 3rd optical fiber (10).
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| CN102313568B (en) * | 2011-08-30 | 2016-08-24 | 武汉康特圣思光电技术有限公司 | The distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment that a kind of Brillouin and Raman detect simultaneously |
| CN102809387B (en) * | 2012-08-17 | 2016-07-27 | 东北大学 | A kind of BOTDR signal demodulating method |
| CN103175555B (en) * | 2013-03-01 | 2015-04-01 | 浙江大学 | Multi-parameter distributed fiber-optic sensor based on multi-mechanism fusion |
| CN103438982B (en) * | 2013-09-06 | 2015-01-21 | 山东大学 | Shake monitoring system based on Brillouin distributed optical fiber sensing |
| CN103542925B (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2015-05-20 | 华中科技大学 | Quasi-distributed optical vibrating sensing device |
| CN103616089B (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2017-10-13 | 威海北洋电气集团股份有限公司 | A kind of optical fiber temperature vibration sensor and comprehensive monitoring system and method |
| CN103616090B (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2015-10-21 | 山东大学 | A kind of brillouin distributed optical fiber sensing temp measuring system eliminating optical fiber attenuation |
| CN104062031B (en) * | 2014-07-16 | 2016-06-29 | 南昌航空大学 | Based on MZI sensing and the distance of Brillouin sensing cooperation, high spatial resolution method for sensing |
| CN104697558B (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2017-02-22 | 太原理工大学 | Distributed optical fiber multi-parameter sensing measurement system |
| CN105021307A (en) * | 2015-07-11 | 2015-11-04 | 苏州至禅光纤传感技术有限公司 | Method for realizing all-fiber distributed multi-parameter sensing |
| CN105319739B (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2018-03-27 | 西南交通大学 | Photoswitch based on stimulated Brillouin scattering |
| CN109084830B (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2020-08-21 | 太原理工大学 | Optical fiber multi-parameter detection system and method for goaf traffic infrastructure |
| CN111220189B (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2021-04-13 | 西南交通大学 | Brillouin optical time domain analysis sensing device and non-local effect compensation method |
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| US6014390A (en) * | 1998-01-30 | 2000-01-11 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Tunable transmitter with Mach-Zehnder modulator |
| CN101277151B (en) * | 2008-05-16 | 2012-08-29 | 苏州市盛信光纤传感科技有限公司 | Optical fiber sensing system structure based on wavelength division multiplexing |
| CN101414881B (en) * | 2008-09-26 | 2011-08-31 | 上海大学 | Method for generating millimeter wave optical fiber down link device and its frequency tunable millimeter wave |
| CN101436905A (en) * | 2008-12-18 | 2009-05-20 | 北京邮电大学 | Tunable microwave photon filter based on Brillouin optical fiber laser |
| CN202420557U (en) * | 2012-01-09 | 2012-09-05 | 宋牟平 | Sensing device utilizing Brillouin optical time-domain analysis and Mach-Zehnder interference to carry out common detection |
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