CN102635426A - 用于混合动力车辆的催化转化器燃烧策略 - Google Patents

用于混合动力车辆的催化转化器燃烧策略 Download PDF

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CN102635426A
CN102635426A CN2012100299052A CN201210029905A CN102635426A CN 102635426 A CN102635426 A CN 102635426A CN 2012100299052 A CN2012100299052 A CN 2012100299052A CN 201210029905 A CN201210029905 A CN 201210029905A CN 102635426 A CN102635426 A CN 102635426A
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combustion engine
catalyst
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heat energy
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E.V.冈兹
B.N.鲁斯
H.G.桑托索
B.L.斯波恩
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F01N3/2026Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means directly electrifying the catalyst substrate, i.e. heating the electrically conductive catalyst substrate by joule effect
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2033Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using a fuel burner or introducing fuel into exhaust duct
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/30Arrangements for supply of additional air
    • F01N3/32Arrangements for supply of additional air using air pump
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/30Arrangements for supply of additional air
    • F01N3/32Arrangements for supply of additional air using air pump
    • F01N3/323Electrically driven air pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
    • F01N5/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/02Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/14Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit
    • B60H1/18Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit the air being heated from the plant exhaust gases
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/02Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat exchanger
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/101Three-way catalysts
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于混合动力车辆的催化转化器燃烧策略,披露了一种当内燃机没有运转时操作混合动力车辆的方法,包括用加热模块和碳氢化合物注射器来加热流动通过内燃机的废气处理系统的空气流,所述空气流由气泵提供。加热模块加热废气处理系统的电热催化剂,为起动内燃机作准备。另外,热能在电热催化剂的下游从空气流回收,并被传送到至少一个其它车辆系统,以向车辆系统提供热能,诸如用于车舱供暖系统的发动机冷却剂或用于动力传动系变速器系统的变速器流体。

Description

用于混合动力车辆的催化转化器燃烧策略
技术领域
本发明大致涉及操作混合动力车辆的方法,且更具体地涉及用来自用于混合动力车辆内燃机的废气处理系统的热能加热车辆系统的方法。
背景技术
具有内燃机(ICE)的车辆包括废气处理系统,用于减少来自发动机的废气的毒性。处理系统通常包括密耦式(close coupled)催化转化器和底置式(underfloor)催化转化器,它们中的每一个包括催化剂,所述催化剂将废气中的氮氧化物还原为氮气和二氧化碳或水,以及使一氧化碳(CO)和未燃尽的碳氢化合物(HCs)氧化为二氧化碳和水。催化剂可以包括但不限于铂族金属(PGM)。在催化剂变得可工作之前,催化剂必须被加热到催化剂的起燃温度。因此,在催化剂和废气之间的反应开始之前,废气必须将催化剂加热到起燃温度。
一些车辆可以包括废气加热器,诸如但不限于电加热模块,以进一步加热废气,来减少将催化剂加热到起燃温度的时间。在仅由内燃机提供动力的传统车辆中,废气加热器被限制为仅在发动机起动之后加热废气,即起动后加热(post crank heating)。在还包括用于为车辆提供动力的ICE/电马达组合的混合动力车辆中,混合动力车辆可以在起动发动机之前为废气加热器提供能量,即起动前加热(pre-crank heating),由此进一步增加传送到废气的热的量和减少将催化剂加热到起燃温度的时间。
另外,一些车辆可以包括碳氢化合物注射器,其将碳氢化合物(例如汽油或柴油燃料)注射到底置式催化转化器的上游的废气流中。碳氢化合物燃烧以进一步将热添加到废气流,这减少使催化剂达到起燃温度的时间。
除了在密耦式催化转化器和底置式催化转化器中的催化剂之外,其它车辆系统必须被加热,以便正确地和/或更有效率地运行。例如,当变速器流体,即油,是冷的时,动力传动系变速器系统(drivetrain transmission system)内的能量损失相当高。加热变速器流体减少动力传动系变速器系统内的能量损失,使动力传动系变速器系统更节能。同样,车舱供暖系统从用于内燃机的发动机冷却剂中抽取能量。在混合动力车辆中,当不需要内燃机为混合动力车辆提供动力时,相当大的燃料量可以被消耗来运转内燃机,以加热用于车舱供暖系统的发动机冷却剂,由此降低混合动力车辆的总燃料效率。
发明内容
提供了一种用来自用于内燃机的废气处理系统的热能加热车辆系统的方法。该方法包括用加热模块将电热催化剂加热到预定温度。在电热催化剂被加热到预定温度后,空气流被泵送通过废气处理系统,以将热从加热模块传送到空气流。在电热催化剂被加热到预定温度之后,碳氢化合物被注入到空气流中,以形成碳氢化合物/空气混合物。碳氢化合物/空气混合物在底置式催化剂的上游燃烧,以加热空气流。热能通过废气热回收系统从底置式催化剂的下游的空气流回收。该方法还包括将回收的热能传送到车辆系统,以向该车辆系统供热。
还提供了一种操作混合动力车辆的方法。该方法包括确定混合动力车辆的内燃机是否正在运转,或内燃机是否没有正在运转。当内燃机没有正在运转时,废气处理系统的电热催化剂通过加热模块加热到预定温度。当电热催化剂被加热到预定温度之后,空气流用气泵被泵送通过废气处理系统,以当内燃机没有正在运转时将热从加热模块传送到空气流。当电热催化剂被加热到预定温度之后,碳氢化合物被注入到空气流中,以当内燃机没有正在运转时形成碳氢化合物/空气混合物。碳氢化合物/空气混合物在废气处理系统的底置式催化剂的上游燃烧,以当内燃机没有正在运转时加热空气流。来自空气流的热能用废气热回收系统在底置式催化剂的下游回收。该方法还包括将回收的热能传送到车舱供暖系统的发动机冷却剂或动力传动系变速器系统的变速器流体。
相应地,在内燃机起动之前,加热模块将电热催化剂加热到起燃温度,由此为废气处理系统以高峰性能运行作准备。此外,加热模块结合被注入的碳氢化合物的燃烧一起,可以进一步加热来自气泵的空气流。在将电热催化剂加热到起燃温度和燃烧被注入的碳氢化合物时产生的过量的热被回收并传送到至少一个其它车辆系统,包括但不限于车舱供暖系统的发动机冷却剂或动力传动系变速器系统的变速器流体,以减少混合动力车辆的能量损失和/或燃料使用。
本发明的上述特征和优势及其他特征和优势将从用于实施本发明的最佳模式的以下详细描述并连同附图而显而易见。
附图说明
图1是用于车辆的内燃机的废气处理系统的示意平面图。
图2是示出操作混合动力车辆以用来自用于车辆内燃机的废气处理系统的热能加热车辆系统的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
参考图1,其中相同的附图标记在多幅图中指向相同的部件,废气处理系统在20处大致示出。处理系统20处理来自内燃机23(ICE)的废气流(由箭头22示出),以减少废气的毒性,即减少废气的有毒排放物,包括但不限于氮氧化物(NO)、一氧化碳(CO)和/或碳氢化合物(HC)。
废气处理系统20包括密耦式催化转化器25,所述催化转化器25被设置为紧密靠近内燃机23,通常在车辆的发动机舱内。一旦被启动,密耦式催化转化器25提供处理来自内燃机23的废气所必需的大部分放热反应。废气处理系统20还包括底置式催化转化器24。底置式催化转化器24被设置在发动机的下游。密耦式催化转化器和底置式催化转化器24可以每一个包括但不限于三元催化转化器。三元催化转化器可以包括铂族金属(PGM),将废气中的一定百分比的氮氧化物转化为氮气和二氧化碳或水,以及将一定百分比的一氧化碳氧化为二氧化碳并将一定百分比的未燃尽的碳氢化合物氧化为二氧化碳和水。
底置式催化转化器24包括上游部分26和下游部分28。下游部分28包括底置式催化剂30,用于如上所述处理废气。底置式催化剂芯部32被设置在下游部分28内,并支撑底置式催化剂30。
废气处理系统20还包括加热模块34。加热模块34被设置在底置式催化转化器24的上游部分26内,在底置式催化剂30的上游。加热模块34在废气进入底置式催化转化器24的下游部分28中的底置式催化剂30之前加热废气。加热模块34可以通过电阻加热而被加热。相应地,电流可以被施加到加热模块34,加热模块34的电阻产生热。应理解,加热模块34可以以此处未示出或未描述的方式被加热。加热模块34可以还包括设置在其上的电热催化剂36。电热催化剂36可以包括但不限于三元催化转化器。三元催化转化器可以包括铂族金属(PGM),将废气中的一定百分比的氮氧化物转化为氮气和二氧化碳或水,以及将一定百分比的一氧化碳氧化为二氧化碳并将一定百分比的未燃尽的碳氢化合物氧化为二氧化碳和水。由加热模块34的电阻加热产生的热用于将电热催化剂36加热到预定温度,该预定温度可以包括但不限于电热催化剂的起燃温度。
废气处理系统20还包括碳氢化合物注射器38。碳氢化合物注射器38被设置在加热模块34的上游,并将碳氢化合物(包括但不限于汽油或柴油燃料)注射到来自内燃机23的废气流中。被注射的碳氢化合物在废气处理系统20内在底置式催化剂30的上游燃烧,由此产生热并增加废气流的温度。通过被注射的碳氢化合物的燃烧添加的热帮助将电热催化剂和底置式催化剂30加热到起燃温度。
废气处理系统20还包括气泵40。气泵40与废气处理系统20流体地连通,且当被启动时向废气处理系统20提供空气流(大致由箭头42示出)。气泵40可以包括任何合适的样式、尺寸和/或配置的气泵40,并可以被以任何合适的形式提供动力,包括但不限于通过电力。
废气处理系统20还包括废气热回收单元44。废气热回收单元44被设置在底置式催化转化器24中的底置式催化剂30的下游。废气热回收单元44可以包括适于在废气处理系统20中使用以及能够吸收(即回收)来自流动通过底置式催化转化器24的废气和/或空气的热并将被吸收的热(由箭头45大体示出)传送到另一车辆系统的任何热交换器,所述另一车辆系统包括但不限于下面描述的车舱供暖系统46和/或动力传动系变速器系统48。
参考图2,提供了一种操作混合动力车辆的方法,且更具体地是一种用来自废气处理系统20的热能加热车辆系统的方法,所述方法大体在60处示出。用来自废气处理系统20的热能加热的车辆系统可以包括但不限于车舱供暖系统46或动力传动系变速器系统48。更具体地,来自废气处理系统20的热能可以用于加热发动机冷却剂,其由车舱供暖系统46使用。类似地,来自废气处理系统20的热能可以用于加热变速器流体,例如油,其由混合动力车辆的自动变速器使用。
该方法包括确定内燃机23是否正在运转或内燃机23是否没有正在运转,大体由块62示出。如果内燃机23正在运转以为车辆提供动力和/或为混合动力车辆的电池充电(大体在64处示出),则来自内燃机23的废气内的热可以通过废气回收单元回收(大体在80处示出),并被传送到其它车辆系统(大体由块82示出),如改进车辆的效率所需的。然而,由于不总是需要混合动力车辆的内燃机23的运行,因此车辆可以在没有内燃机23的情况下运行,即内燃机23没有正在运转的情况下运行。当内燃机23没有正在运转以为车辆提供动力(大体在68处示出)时,则来自内燃机23的废气不存在且热不能从其回收用于其他车辆系统。
因此,为了当内燃机23没有正在运转时向其它车辆系统(诸如,车舱供暖系统46和/或动力传动系变速器系统48)提供热能,即热,该方法包括,当内燃机23没有正在运转时,用加热模块34将电热催化剂36加热(大体由块70示出)到预定温度。如上所述,预定温度可以包括但不限于催化剂的起燃温度。起燃温度可以包括但不限于至少两百摄氏度(200℃)的温度。如上所述,加热模块34和电热催化剂36可以以任何合适的方式被加热,诸如通过施加到加热模块34的电流。一旦电热催化剂36被加热到起燃温度,内燃机23可以起动,而废气被电热催化剂处理。这样,废气22的初始处理由电热催化剂36执行,同时密耦式催化转化器25和底置式催化剂30被废气22加热到它们各自的起燃温度。
在电热催化剂36被加热到起燃温度之后,空气流被泵送通过废气处理系统20。当空气流穿过和/或经过加热模块34和电热催化剂36时,热从加热模块34和/或电热催化剂被传送到空气流。当内燃机23没有正在运转时,空气流由气泵40提供。同样,该方法还包括当内燃机23没有正在运转时启动气泵40(大体由块72示出),以提供空气流。应理解,加热模块34还可以用于,当内燃机23正在运转时,将热添加到废气流来进一步加热废气,以减少将底置式催化剂30加热到起燃温度的时间量,及为废气热回收单元44提供额外的热。
一旦气泵40被启动并供应空气流通过废气处理系统20,则该方法还包括将碳氢化合物注入到空气流中(大体由块74示出)。在电热催化剂36被加热到预定温度之后,碳氢化合物由碳氢化合物注射器38注入,以形成碳氢化合物/空气混合物。碳氢化合物/空气混合物在底置式催化剂30的上游燃烧,以当内燃机23没有正在运转时加热空气流。应理解,碳氢化合物注射器38还可以用于,当内燃机23正在运转时,将碳氢化合物注入到废气流中来进一步加热废气,以减少将底置式催化剂30加热到起燃温度的时间量,及为废气热回收单元44提供额外的热。
该方法还包括将底置式催化剂30加热(大体由块76示出)到起燃温度。底置式催化剂的起燃温度可以包括至少两百摄氏度(200℃)的温度。底置式催化剂30可以在起动内燃机23之前被加热到起燃温度,从而在起动时,底置式催化剂30立即准备就绪以与来自内燃机23的排放物起反应,由此最小化排放物,否则该排放物在底置式催化剂30达到起燃温度之前经过废气处理系统20。一旦底置式催化剂30已达到起燃温度,则该方法可以包括起动内燃机23(大体由块78示出)。另外,内燃机23可以在底置式催化剂30被加热到起燃温度之前、但在电热催化剂36被加热到预定温度之后起动。
该方法还包括用废气热回收系统在底置式催化剂30的下游从空气流回收热能,大体由块80示出。热能可以在底置式催化剂30被完全加热到起燃温度之前和/或之后被回收。此外,热能可以在内燃机起动之前被回收(大体在79处示出)、或在内燃机23起动之后被回收(大体在81处示出)。被回收的热能可以随后被传送到一个或多个车辆系统,大体由块82示出,以向车辆系统供热。如上所述,车辆系统可以包括但不限于车舱供暖系统46和动力传动系变速器系统48。这样,被回收的热能可以被传送到发动机冷却剂以向车舱供暖系统供热,或可被传送到变速器流体以向其供热。通过用来自废气处理系统20的被回收热能加热发动机冷却剂,在内燃机23不需运转以运行混合动力车辆时,内燃机23不需要起动以使发动机冷却剂变暖,由此最小化燃料消耗。通过用来自废气处理系统20的被回收热能加热变速器流体,变速器内的能量损失可以被减少,由此增加车辆的效率。
内燃机23没有运转时,废气处理系统20可以继续如上所述地运行,以继续向其它车辆系统提供热能。同样,处理系统20可以继续用加热模块34加热电热催化剂36,操作气泵40以供应空气流通过处理系统20,及将碳氢化合物注入到空气流中。来自加热芯部36及通过碳氢化合物的燃烧产生的热可以由此继续由废气处理系统20回收并如上所述地传送到其它车辆系统。可替换地,处理系统20可以在内燃机23起动后以非常相同的方式操作。同样,该方法可以包括在内燃机23起动之后,继续加热加热模块34;在内燃机23起动之后,继续将碳氢化合物注入到空气流中,以形成碳氢化合物/空气混合物;在内燃机23起动之后,继续在底置式催化剂30的上游燃烧碳氢化合物/空气混合物,以加热来自内燃机23的废气流;在内燃机23起动之后,继续在底置式催化剂30的下游用废气热回收系统从废气流回收热能;及在内燃机23起动之后,继续将被回收的热能传送到车舱供暖系统46的发动机冷却剂或动力传动系变速器系统48的变速器流体。然而,一旦内燃机23起动,则气泵40不需要供应空气流,及来自加热芯部36和通过碳氢化合物的燃烧产生的热可以被添加到来自内燃机23的废气流。
尽管已经对执行本发明的较佳模式进行了详尽的描述,但是本领域技术人员可得知在所附的权利要求的范围内的用来实施本发明的许多替换设计和实施例。

Claims (9)

1.一种用来自用于内燃机的废气处理系统的热能加热车辆系统的方法,该方法包括:
用加热模块将电热催化剂加热到预定温度;
当电热催化剂被加热到预定温度之后,将空气流泵送通过废气处理系统,以将热从加热模块传送到空气流;
当电热催化剂被加热到预定温度之后,将碳氢化合物注入到空气流中,以形成碳氢化合物/空气混合物;
在底置式催化剂的上游燃烧碳氢化合物/空气混合物,以加热空气流;
用废气热回收系统在底置式催化剂的下游从空气流回收热能;及
将回收的热能传送到车辆系统,以向该车辆系统供热。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,将回收的热能传送到车辆系统还被定义为,将回收的热能传送到车舱供暖系统或动力传动系变速器系统中的至少一个。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中,将回收的热能传送到车舱供暖系统或动力传动系变速器系统中的至少一个包括,将回收的热能传送到车舱供暖系统的发动机冷却剂或动力传动系变速器系统的变速器流体。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,还包括在回收热能之前,将底置式催化剂加热到起燃温度。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中,将底置式催化剂加热到起燃温度还被定义为,将底置式催化剂加热到至少两百摄氏度(200℃)的温度。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,还包括确定内燃机是否正在运转或内燃机是否没有正在运转。
7.如权利要求5所述的方法,还包括启动气泵以当内燃机没有正在运转时供应空气流。
8.如权利要求6所述的方法,还包括在底置式催化剂被加热到起燃温度后起动内燃机。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,将电热催化剂加热到预定温度还被定义为,将电热催化剂加热到至少两百摄氏度(200℃)的温度。
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Application publication date: 20120815