CN102635342B - Thermo-chemical oil extraction method of offshore thickened oil - Google Patents
Thermo-chemical oil extraction method of offshore thickened oil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a thermo-chemical oil extraction method of offshore thickened oil. The method comprises the following steps of: heating water injected into a heat exchanger to 150-200 DEG C by utilizing high-temperature tail gas or combustion waste heat; then, carrying a surfactant on line by the injected water; injecting a catalyst solution into a section plug; and injecting the surfactant and the catalyst solution into a thickened oil layer to carry out chemically reinforced heat oil displacement. The method disclosed by the invention takes full advantages of local conditions, recycles the waste heat and saves energy; the temperature of the injected water is raised on line to realize low-temperature heat water oil displacement; the conditions are more alleviated (compared with the traditional thickened oil thermo-chemical oil extraction by injecting steam); and the investment cost and the maintenance cost are lower and the energy-saving and synergistic offshore thermo-chemical oil displacement can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Offshore Heavy Oil Field oil production method, particularly a kind of Offshore Heavy Oil Field thermo-chemical recovery method.
Background technology
China marine site is richly stored with petroleum resources, and the importance of offshore oilfield Efficient Development to the national economic development and national security is more and more significant.Along with deepening continuously of offshore oil field development, the oil-field structure intending going into operation becomes increasingly complex, and the contradiction come out in the oil field produced also increases gradually.In order to employ the more crude oil of extraction in more reserves, at sea platform life span phase, improve recovery efficiency technique also just increasingly important to offshore oil field development role.China's offshore oilfield has found that viscous crude oil in place accounts for 70% of total oil in place, and its thick oil recovery ratio also has larger gap relative to the similar oil recovery rate in land, and therefore, it is huge that Offshore Heavy Oil Field improves recovery factor potential.Offshore oilfield is at chemical flooding, gas drive, extensive work has been carried out in several large field such as microbe oil production and thermal recovery, wherein polymer flooding has entered well group experimental stage, binary combination flooding, aqueous vapor (the rich natural gas of association) is alternately about to enter field test, Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery has carried out preliminary trial at mining site, multielement hot fluid technology has also moved towards field test, but water drive and be one of dominant technology of current China offshore viscous oil field exploitation with the chemical flooding that polymer flooding (suitable Heavy Oil Reservoir viscosity < 100mPas) is representative, i.e. heavy oil cold flow production mode, waterflooding extraction recovery ratio for more high viscosity (> 100mPas) viscous crude is relatively on the low side.In recent years, the sticky warm nature of viscous crude sensitivity makes thermal recovery technology receive much concern, and becomes the study hotspot improving thick oil recovery ratio field both at home and abroad.The problems such as conventional thermal recovery technology ubiquity equipment requirement is harsh, it is high to consume energy, steam generator takes up an area that space is large, thermal loss is many and ambient influnence is responsive, in view of the restriction of offshore platform many factors, at sea field use is less at present to make this technology.
Heavy crude heat extraction and the cold mode of adopting are organically combined, have complementary advantages, further raising Offshore Heavy Oil Field recovery ratio, the thermo-chemical recovery method that research is used for offshore oilfield is also a thinking, thermo-chemical recovery is the complex technique improving single thermal recovery effect, Chinese patent application 200810015696.X discloses a kind of thermochemistry auxiliary reinforced steam flooding method utilizing oil-soluble composite viscosity reducer and carbon dioxide auxiliary water horizontal well Simulation on whole pay zones, at heavy crude reservoir oil reservoir bottom horizontal well drilling, periodically by oil-soluble composite viscosity reducer, liquid carbon dioxide and steam are with in slug form order Injection Level well, well is boiled in a covered pot over a slow fire through closing well, drive a well after open flow, in horizontal well, lower pump recovers the oil continuously.Chinese patent application 201010144443.X discloses a kind of exploitation method of thick oil type oil deposit, chemical agent and hot fluid is added in oil reservoir, the asphalitine of effective solution crude oil in oil reservoir separates out problem mutually, make the smooth seepage flow of the crude oil in oil reservoir to oil well, then allow crude oil rise to ground from oil well, significantly reduce thick oil type oil deposit cost of winning, extend the oil well production cycle, increase oil well output, improve oil reservoir ultimate recovery.Chinese patent 03137611.8 discloses a kind of chemical heat thickened oil recovering method for heavy crude producing, hydrogen peroxide by certain mass concentration is added oxidation system liquid that appropriate thickening agent makes and add by the hydrazine of certain mass concentration the reduction system liquid that appropriate thickening agent makes and inject stratum with the form of slug by a certain percentage, the heat that produces of chemical reaction and gas are beneficial to thickened oil recovery in the earth formation to utilize them.A kind of heat chemistry for water injection well in oil fields that discloses Chinese patent 93102899.X helps and drives agent augmented injection flooding method, by injecting the sodium nitrite in aqueous solution ammonium salt aqueous solution identical with the amount of chemical substance with it in water injection well simultaneously, after constructing, closing well question response completes and recovers water filling again, all has comparatively positive effect in the intake profile on dredging stratum, selective adjustment water injection well stratum and raising water injection rate, enhancing displacement of reservoir oil increase oil well output etc.The people such as Cao Bin (thick oil filling steam chemistry Assisted Cleavage viscosity reduction technology application [J]. tech enterprises in China, 2009, (20): 64-65) in conjunction with Shuguang area viscous crude physical property, under catalytic action, make the steam of injection oil reservoir and viscous crude on a molecular scale chemical change occur, change viscous crude heavy components content, effective reduction viscosity of thickened oil, through scene, application achieves certain effect.The people such as Liu Yang (chemical Assisted Cleavage viscosity reduction pilot field test [J] in thick oil filling vapor film. Inner Mongol petrochemical industry, 2009, (4): 74-76) have employed chemical Assisted Cleavage viscosity reduction technique in steam injection layer, in Gudong oil field, 2 mouthfuls of super-viscous oil wells have carried out chemical Assisted Cleavage viscosity reduction technique Pilot trial in steam injection layer, result shows that in steam injection layer, chemical Assisted Cleavage viscosity reduction technology can replace traditional normal production of steam soak oil recovery by heating technology maintenance, test oil well viscosity break ratio reaches more than 80%, individual well day produce oil volume increase more than 60%, viscosity reduction oil increasing effect is obvious.The people such as Mbba are reported in Midway Sunset oil field and carry out the test of overheated-chemically composited oil recovery technique, have the test well of 80% to improve output.Shedid carried out exploration to using the optimization steam flooding technique of steam and the more crude oil of low concentration alkali surfactant mixture exploitation.United States Patent (USP) P5891829 and study the method that more hydrothermal cracking technology reports viscous crude in-situ upgrading, makes viscosity of thickened oil reduce.Make a general survey of all viscous crude thermo-chemical recovery technology, current heating power provides and mostly is steam and makes hot fluid, temperature is lower larger on the impact of assistant chemical agent action effect, and there is equipment requirement harshness equally, produce the problems such as high, the boiler of steam power consumption takes up an area that space is large, thermal loss is many and ambient influnence is responsive in technique,, space comparatively large on well depth or load-bearing is limited and climate condition affects obvious oil field, technology is implemented often more difficult thermal recovery and the cold mode of adopting taken into account and to be recovered the oil the effect that even heat energy and chemical agent concur in both different temperatures districts.Therefore, a kind of Offshore Heavy Oil Field thermo-chemical recovery method that efficient energy-saving is provided is necessary.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of Offshore Heavy Oil Field thermo-chemical recovery method of efficient energy-saving.
A kind of Offshore Heavy Oil Field thermo-chemical recovery method provided by the invention, comprises the steps: with the injection water to 150 in high-temperature tail gas or co-fired waste heat heating heat exchanger DEG C ~ 200 DEG C; Then the displacement of reservoir oil is carried out to injecting Heavy Oil Reservoir after described injection water adds surfactant and/or catalyzer.
In above-mentioned oil production method, when the pressure of the injection water in described heat exchanger is greater than 1.6MPa, the temperature of the injection water in described heat exchanger can be made to rise to 150 DEG C ~ 200 DEG C.
In above-mentioned oil production method, described high-temperature tail gas can be the high-temperature tail gas of internal combustion engine or turbine generators; Described co-fired waste heat can be the emptying associated gas co-fired waste heat in oil field, thus can suit measures to local conditions, Waste Heat Recovery, energy saving.
In above-mentioned oil production method, described surfactant is specially petroleum surfactant; Described petroleum surfactant can by viscous crude and deacidification agent through being obtained by reacting.
In above-mentioned oil production method, described deacidification agent can be (1.1 ~ 1.5) with the molfraction ratio of acid in described viscous crude: 1, specifically can be 1.1: 1,1.3: 1 or 1.5: 1.
In above-mentioned oil production method, described deacidification agent can be the ethanol water of at least one in organic amine and alkaline salt.
In above-mentioned oil production method, described organic amine specifically can be polyvinylamine or monoethanolamine; Described alkaline salt specifically can be ammonium carbonate, sodium acid carbonate, sodium carbonate or sodium acetate.
Method of the present invention adopts petroleum surfactant cheaper than commercial surfactant price as emulsifier, and its lipophilic group derives from viscous crude, similar to target viscous crude structure, plays better reducing viscosity by emulsifying effect to viscous crude; In addition, organic amine more than needed in deacidification agent or alkaline salt also can generate surfactant further to strengthen oil displacement efficiency in water drive oil process.
In above-mentioned oil production method, described catalyzer can be the mixture of at least one in inorganic salts and transition metal acylate and ionic liquid;
Described inorganic salts can be at least one in carbonic hydroammonium, ammonium carbonate, sodium acid carbonate, ammonium chloride and natrium nitrosum;
Described transition metal acylate can be the oxalates of at least one metal ion in iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, copper, ruthenium and palladium, oleate, acetate, benzoate or phthalate;
Described ionic liquid can be alkyl imidazole ionic liquid or the ion liquid of quaternaries of at least one metal ion in copper, nickel, tin, ruthenium, palladium, molybdenum, iron and zinc.
In above-mentioned oil production method, the gross mass portion rate of described surfactant, catalyzer and injection water can be (0.007 ~ 0.009): (0.042 ~ 0.05): 1, specifically can be 0.007: 0.042: 1,0.0075: 0.045: 1 or 0.009: 0.05: 1, described surfactant is in wherein solid content.
Offshore Heavy Oil Field thermo-chemical recovery method provided by the invention, compared with prior art, have the following advantages: (1) utilizes the online deacidifying process of crude oil to generate petroleum surfactant, it is cheaper than commercial surfactant price as emulsifier, its lipophilic group derives from crude oil, similar to viscous crude structure, better reducing viscosity by emulsifying effect is played to viscous crude; In addition, in deacidification agent, inorganic base more than needed can generate surfactant further to strengthen oil displacement efficiency in water drive oil process; (2) for marine waterflooding oil field, the emptying associated gas of internal combustion engine (or turbine generators) high-temperature tail gas or oil field that platform exists, its calorific value is huge, and non-secondary utilizes and emptying completely, causes resource significant wastage, suit measures to local conditions, Waste Heat Recovery, energy saving, the online injection coolant-temperature gage that promotes realizes the low-temperature water heating displacement of reservoir oil, condition more relaxes (oil recovery by heating of more traditional thick oil filling steam), drop into and maintenance cost lower; (3) catalyzer cost used is low, steam injection recovery catalyzer is assisted compared with hydrothermal cracking and other chemistry, its activation temperature is lower, the energy that hot water has can excite catalyst activity, catalyzer helps realize following effect: one is impel the lighting of oil reservoir viscous crude component upgrading, and system strengthens the effects such as oil-water emulsion with aerogenesis (having mixing effect); Two is also there is thin oil diluting effect to rear-guard viscous crude in lightweight carburetion progradation; (4) in the invention process process, higher temperature district (> 80 DEG C) catalyzer has activity, the displacement of reservoir oil can strengthen the effects such as oil-water emulsion by Heavy Oil High Temperature viscosity reduction, component upgrading and aerogenesis, and lower temperature region (< 80 DEG C) can continue strengthening hot water flooding effect by petroleum surfactant; Meanwhile, after higher temperature displacement of reservoir oil district catalyzer is to the upgrading effect of viscous crude, the lower temperature region displacement of reservoir oil is made also to there is certain thin oil dilution and gas drive effect.Although the method hot fluid temperature reduces, but achieve the combination of the multiple oil extraction methods in different temperatures district equally, and take into account heavy crude heat extraction and cold adopting acts on the effect that complements one another, jointly play a role, alleviated traditional chemical assisted steam flooding chemical agent thus and the rigors of temperature or the single cold mode of adopting are recovered the oil the problems such as yield is relatively on the low side; (5) modified heating power oil production method of the present invention technological process is simple, and implementation cost is low.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the Offshore Heavy Oil Field thermo-chemical recovery method of the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
The experimental technique used in following embodiment if no special instructions, is conventional method.
Material used in following embodiment, reagent etc., if no special instructions, all can obtain from commercial channels.
Embodiment 1, Offshore Heavy Oil Field thermo-chemical recovery
Flow process shown in Fig. 1 is utilized to carry out Offshore Heavy Oil Field thermo-chemical recovery.
At the exit mounting heat exchanger (heat exchange efficiency calculates by 80%) of certain Oil Field internal combustion engine afterbody, with high-temperature tail gas 16.5 ten thousand m
3/ d counts, and the flow velocity regulating water in heat exchanger is 8.5m
3/ h, utilize the high-temperature tail gas of internal combustion engine can inject coolant-temperature gage to 150 DEG C by on-line heating, now, the pressure in heat exchanger is 6.40MPa; " vacuum heat-insulation oil pipe controls individual well and injects water with 7m to adopt 4-1/2
3the flow velocity of/h injects Heavy Oil Reservoir, and coolant-temperature gage is injected near wellbore zone, 1000m oil reservoir place still can keep more than 140 DEG C.After the sedimentation separation of efficient cyclone profit, obtained wet crude by receiving manifold viscous crude out and injected online blender; Make the sodium carbonate in storage tank I-ethanol water deacidification agent system inject online blender with the flow velocity of 5.0L/h (this deacidification agent and organic acid mol ratio in crude oil are for 1.1: 1) by control valve 1 to mix with crude oil, carry out the dehydration of crude oil after agent oil is uniformly mixed, be separated lower floor's aqueous phase (i.e. the aqueous solution of petroleum surfactant) through electric off loading postpone and enter storage tank II; The petroleum surfactant aqueous solution in storage tank II and the [Et in storage tank III is made by control valve 2 and 3
3nH] NiCl
3cu
+with the mixed solution of ammonium carbonate respectively with 0.5m
3/ h (injection rate can be regulated according to the amount of solution in storage tank II) and 7m
3the pipeline that the flow velocity injection heat exchanger of/h (every 4h slug injects once) is connected with pit shaft mixes with injection water (150 DEG C), obtain mixing material (wherein, the mixture of petroleum surfactant, ionic liquid and ammonium carbonate is 0.007: 0.042: 1 with the ratio of quality and the number of copies of injection water), inject this mixing material arrival oil reservoir (1000m target reservoir depth) by pit shaft and carry out thickened oil recovery.Indoor employing sand-filling tube model is simulated this process and is carried out the heat chemistry displacement of reservoir oil, and displacement is to the moisture > 99.5% of production fluid, and oil displacement efficiency reaches 68.5%.
Embodiment 2, Offshore Heavy Oil Field thermo-chemical recovery
Flow process shown in Fig. 1 is utilized to carry out Offshore Heavy Oil Field thermo-chemical recovery.
At the exit mounting heat exchanger (heat exchange efficiency calculates by 80%) of certain Oil Field turbine power generation drive end unit, with high-temperature tail gas 16.5 ten thousand m
3/ d counts, and the flow velocity regulating water in heat exchanger is 8.5m
3/ h, utilize the high-temperature tail gas of turbine generators can inject coolant-temperature gage to 150 DEG C by on-line heating, now, the pressure in heat exchanger is 6.40MPa; " vacuum heat-insulation oil pipe controls individual well and injects water with 7m to adopt 4-1/2
3the flow velocity of/h injects Heavy Oil Reservoir, and coolant-temperature gage is injected near wellbore zone, 1000m oil reservoir place still can keep more than 140 DEG C.After the sedimentation separation of efficient cyclone profit, obtained wet crude by receiving manifold viscous crude out and injected online blender; Make monoethanolamine in storage tank I-ethanol water deacidification agent system inject online blender with the flow velocity of 5.0L/h (this deacidification agent and organic acid mol ratio in crude oil are for 1.5: 1) by control valve 1 to mix with crude oil, carry out the dehydration of crude oil after agent oil is uniformly mixed, be separated lower floor's aqueous phase (i.e. the aqueous solution of petroleum surfactant) through electric off loading postpone and enter storage tank II; The petroleum surfactant aqueous solution in storage tank II and the [Et in storage tank III is made by control valve 2 and 3
3nH] SnCl
3with the mixed solution of ammonium carbonate respectively with 0.5m
3/ h (injection rate can be regulated according to the amount of solution in storage tank II) and 7m
3the pipeline that the flow velocity injection heat exchanger of/h (every 4h slug injects once) is connected with pit shaft mixes with injection water (150 DEG C), obtain mixing material (wherein, the mixture of petroleum surfactant, ionic liquid and ammonium carbonate is 0.009: 0.05: 1 with the ratio of quality and the number of copies of injection water), inject this mixing material arrival oil reservoir (1000m target reservoir depth) by pit shaft and carry out thickened oil recovery.Indoor employing sand-filling tube model is simulated this process and is carried out the heat chemistry displacement of reservoir oil, and displacement is to the moisture > 99.5% of production fluid, and oil displacement efficiency reaches 68.6%.
Embodiment 3, Offshore Heavy Oil Field thermo-chemical recovery
Flow process shown in Fig. 1 is utilized to carry out Offshore Heavy Oil Field thermo-chemical recovery.
Emptying associated gas emptying outlet place, certain Oil Field oil field mounting heat exchanger (heat exchange efficiency calculates by 80%), with oil field emptying associated gas 1.2 ten thousand m
3/ d counts, and the flow velocity regulating water in heat exchanger is 20.8m
3/ h, utilize the emptying associated gas co-fired waste heat in oil field can inject coolant-temperature gage to 200 DEG C by on-line heating, now, the pressure in heat exchanger is 6.40MPa; " vacuum heat-insulation oil pipe controls individual well and injects water with 7m to adopt 4-1/2
3the flow velocity of/h injects Heavy Oil Reservoir, and coolant-temperature gage is injected near wellbore zone, 1000m oil reservoir place still can keep more than 190 DEG C.After the sedimentation separation of efficient cyclone profit, obtained wet crude by receiving manifold viscous crude out and injected online blender; Make polyvinylamine in storage tank I-ethanol water deacidification agent system inject online blender with the flow velocity of 5.0L/h (this deacidification agent and organic acid mol ratio in crude oil are for 1.3: 1) by control valve 1 to mix with crude oil, carry out the dehydration of crude oil after agent oil is uniformly mixed, be separated lower floor's aqueous phase (i.e. the aqueous solution of petroleum surfactant) through electric off loading postpone and enter storage tank II; The petroleum surfactant aqueous solution in storage tank II and the [Et in storage tank III is made by control valve 2 and 3
3nH] FeCl
3with the mixed solution of ammonium carbonate respectively with 0.5m
3/ h (injection rate can be regulated according to the amount of solution in storage tank II) and 7m
3the pipeline that the flow velocity injection heat exchanger of/h (every 4h slug injects once) is connected with pit shaft mixes with injection water (200 DEG C), obtain mixing material (wherein, the mixture of petroleum surfactant, ionic liquid and ammonium carbonate is 0.0075: 0.045: 1 with the ratio of quality and the number of copies of injection water), inject this mixing material arrival oil reservoir (1000m target reservoir depth) by pit shaft and carry out thickened oil recovery.Indoor employing sand-filling tube model is simulated this process and is carried out the heat chemistry displacement of reservoir oil, and displacement is to the moisture > 99.5% of production fluid, and oil displacement efficiency reaches 70.2%.
Claims (1)
1. an Offshore Heavy Oil Field thermo-chemical recovery method, comprises the steps: with the injection water to 150 in high-temperature tail gas or co-fired waste heat heating heat exchanger DEG C ~ 200 DEG C; Then the displacement of reservoir oil is carried out to injecting Heavy Oil Reservoir after described injection water adds surfactant and catalyzer;
Described high-temperature tail gas is the high-temperature tail gas of internal combustion engine or turbine generators;
Described co-fired waste heat is the emptying associated gas co-fired waste heat in oil field;
Described surfactant is petroleum surfactant; Described petroleum surfactant by viscous crude and deacidification agent through being obtained by reacting;
Described deacidification agent is the ethanol water of at least one in organic amine and alkaline salt;
Described deacidification agent is (1.1 ~ 1.5) with the molfraction ratio of acid in described viscous crude: 1;
Described organic amine is polyvinylamine or monoethanolamine; Described alkaline salt is ammonium carbonate, sodium acid carbonate, sodium carbonate or sodium acetate;
Described catalyzer is the mixture of at least one in inorganic salts and transition metal acylate and ionic liquid;
The gross mass portion rate of described surfactant, catalyzer and injection water is (0.007 ~ 0.009): (0.042 ~ 0.05): 1, and described surfactant is in wherein solid content;
Described inorganic salts can be at least one in carbonic hydroammonium, ammonium carbonate, sodium acid carbonate, ammonium chloride and natrium nitrosum;
Described transition metal acylate is the oxalates of at least one metal ion in iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, copper, ruthenium and palladium, oleate, acetate, benzoate or phthalate;
Described ionic liquid is alkyl imidazole ionic liquid or the ion liquid of quaternaries of at least one metal ion in copper, nickel, tin, ruthenium, palladium, molybdenum, iron and zinc.
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