CN102633844B - Method for preparing D-glucosamine hydrochloride by taking periplaneta americana as raw material - Google Patents
Method for preparing D-glucosamine hydrochloride by taking periplaneta americana as raw material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing D-glucosamine hydrochloride by taking periplaneta americana as raw material. The method comprises the steps of extracting chitin from the periplaneta Americana, and preparing the D-glucosamine hydrochloride from the prepared chitin. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the chitin is extracted from the periplaneta americana by adopting an extraction method through an organic solvent under unique process conditions, thus the extraction rate is high, the quality of the extracted chitin is excellent, and the medical-grade D-glucosamine hydrochloride with the excellent quality can be further prepared; and by adopting the method, an extract from the periplaneta americana and extraction remains can be effectively utilized, and the utilization rate of the raw material can be greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of glucosamine hydrochloride, relating in particular to a kind of chitin extracting from periplaneta americana is the method that raw material is prepared glucosamine hydrochloride.
Background technology
Glucosamine hydrochloride, English D-Glucosamine Hydrochloride, molecular weight 215.5, white crystals or powder, it has important physiological function to human body, participates in the removing toxic substances of liver kidney, performance anti-inflammatory liver protection effect, treatment rheumatism joint inflammation and stomach ulcer are had to good curative effect, are also medicine and the microbiotic synergistic agent for the treatment of bone and joint diseases; The most important purposes of glucosamine is one of main component forming cartilage proteoglycan, required collagen protein and the hyaluronic acid of its energy synthesized human, repairs the joint cartilage being worn, and can expedite the emergence of in a large number and supplementary knuckle synovia, reduce joint wearing and tearing, make joint nimbly and freely.
At present, demand to glucosamine hydrochloride increases day by day, the method of traditional production glucosamine hydrochloride generally take marine prods if the chitin extracting in the shell of shrimp, crab is as raw material, through alkali carry, the step such as acidolysis, filtration, concentrated, purifying, reconcentration, cooling, filtration, oven dry makes, there is following shortcoming in this production method:
1) general technique degreasing, the deproteinated that adopts alkaline extraction in traditional technology, this saponification reaction is easily destroyed fat, the amino acid etc. in extract, causes extract unavailable;
2) be subject to the impact in region and season due to the supply of raw material, and shrimp, crab shell calcareous content are too high, cause difficulty to extraction; Add overfishing in recent years, shrimp, crab quantity are sharply reduced, thereby cause chitin resource more in short supply;
3) because the problem of environmental pollution especially water pollution is day by day serious, detect the problem that exists pesticide residue, heavy metal and antibiotic content to exceed standard in discovery chitin, therefore the quality product take chitin as raw material production is also subject to great threat.So, be necessary to explore the method for new production glucosamine hydrochloride.
In recent years, because the cultivation of periplaneta americana and the exploitation of pharmaceutical use develop rapidly, the periplaneta americana shell major part after especially medicinal extraction directly serves as the feed of animal and the fertilizer of plant, and the value that himself the secondary of ignoring uses; And self,, containing having an appointment 18% chitin, can be used as the raw material of producing glucosamine in the dry shell of periplaneta americana.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve deficiency of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of method of preparing glucosamine hydrochloride take periplaneta americana as raw material, the adult bombay canary that the method cultivates take GAP base is as raw material, adopt the method for organic solvent extraction to extract the chitin in periplaneta americana, extraction yield is high, the chitin good quality of extracting, thus make good quality reach other glucosamine hydrochloride of pharmaceutical grade; The method makes American-cockroach-extract and extracts residuum and all effectively utilized, and has greatly improved the utilization ratio of raw material.
In order to reach foregoing invention object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of method of preparing glucosamine hydrochloride take periplaneta americana as raw material is provided, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) extraction of chitin in periplaneta americana, comprises the following steps:
A, by periplaneta americana-18～-24 ℃ freezing 3～6 hours, then pulverized 100～300 mesh sieves; Periplaneta americana after sieving is dropped in reactor, then added organic solvent A, stir 8～20 hours under normal temperature, filter, washing, obtains filter residue A;
B, in acid-resistant container, first adding massfraction in the ratio of filter residue A and sour weight 1:4～30 is 6～10% acid, opens and stirs, then add filter residue A, stirs 16～32 hours under normal temperature, filters, and is washed to neutrality, obtains filter residue B;
C, filter residue B is joined in alkaline-resisting container, add with respect to the water of 5～20 times of filter residue B weight and 3～6% discoloring agent, and regulator solution pH value to 10～11, be warming up to 80～90 ℃, stir decolouring 3～5 hours, filter, be washed to neutrality, obtain filter cake; Above-mentioned filter cake, 60～70 ℃ of oven dry, is beaten to powder, make chitin.
(2) preparation of glucosamine hydrochloride, comprises the following steps:
D, in acid-resistant container, it is 30～34% hydrochloric acid that the ratio of the chitin making in step (1) and hydrochloric acid weight 1:4～30 first adds massfraction, be warming up to 50～60 ℃, after progressively add step (1) to make chitin, after to be added completing, 50～60 ℃ of reactions 30 minutes, be warming up to 80～90 ℃, insulation reaction 2～10 hours, obtains crude product liquid again, it is concentrated until evaporate to dryness obtains solid crude product;
E, the solid crude product that steps d is made proceed in another reactor, add with respect to the water of 5～20 times of solid crude product weight and 3～6% discoloring agent, stir decolouring at 70～80 ℃, and the feed liquid after decolouring is carried out to suction filtration, collect filtrate; Filtrate is carried out to vacuum concentration, until there is crystal to separate out, obtain concentrated solution;
In f, the concentrated solution that makes toward step e, add the organic solvent B with respect to 10～100 times of concentrated solution weight, be placed at 0～5 ℃ crystallization 8～12 hours, filtration obtains crystal A;
G, crystal A that step f is made again according to step e, f decolour, crystallization, obtain crystal B, by crystal B dry, packing, glucosamine hydrochloride gets product.
Periplaneta americana described in step (1) is the adult bombay canary of GAP base cultivation.
Organic solvent A described in step a is at least one in methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, Virahol, methylene dichloride, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran (THF), ether and isopropyl ether, and the add-on of described organic solvent A is 4～30 times of periplaneta americana weight after sieving.
Described in step b, acid is hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid.
Described in described step c and step e, discoloring agent is at least one in hydrogen peroxide, gac, activated alumina, diatomite, sulfurous gas, Sodium Metabisulfite, V-Brite B, sodium hyposulfate, Sulfothiorine, clorox and potassium hypochlorite.
Organic solvent B described in step f is at least one in methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, Virahol, butanols, acetone, butanone, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dioxane.
Glucosamine hydrochloride prepared by method of the present invention is in the application of preparing aspect bone and joint diseases medicine or healthcare products.
In sum, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1) to adopt adult bombay canary be that raw material is prepared glucosamine hydrochloride in the present invention, periplaneta americana used is provided by the cultivation base authenticating by GAP, avoid the pollution of hazardous and noxious substances in agricultural chemicals, heavy metal and environment, the glucosamine hydrochloride good quality that makes preparation, reaches medicinal rank.
2) process using organic solvent degreasing, deproteinated, the deaminizating acid of the present invention's chitin extraction from periplaneta americana, gained extracts solvent and can be used for medicinal purpose, the fat and the amino acid that extract are effectively utilized, avoid destructive saponification reaction in traditional technology, greatly improved the utilization ratio of raw material.
3) the present invention's chitin extraction from periplaneta americana, adopt unique processing condition, extraction yield is high, and the chitin that extraction makes is prepared and is reached other glucosamine hydrochloride of pharmaceutical grade under unique processing condition, turn waste into wealth thereby make periplaneta americana extract residuum, effectively utilized.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail:
embodiment 1:
Take the adult bombay canary 100kg of GAP base cultivation, freezing 3 hours at-18 ℃, pulverized 100 mesh sieves, adult bombay canary powder after sieving is put in reactor, then added dehydrated alcohol 400L, stir 8 hours, with 200 order filter-cloth filterings, pure water rinsing, filter, to substantially anhydrous drippage, obtains filter residue A; In acid-resistant container, adding massfraction is 6% hydrochloric acid 400L, opens and stirs, then add filter residue A, stirs 16 hours under normal temperature, and with 200 order filter-cloth filterings, water rinses to neutral, and pure water finally rinses, and filter is substantially anhydrous drippage extremely, obtains filter residue B; Filter residue B is joined in alkaline-resisting container, add the superoxol that 500L water and 3L massfraction are 10%, and the sodium hydroxide that is 10% with massfraction adjusting pH value to 10, be warming up to 80 ℃, stir decolouring 3 hours; Through 200 order filter-cloth filterings, water rinses to neutral, and pure water finally rinses, and filter, to substantially anhydrous drippage, obtains filter cake, and above-mentioned filter cake is carried out to suction filtration, after draining, 60 ℃ of oven dry, beats powder, makes chitin 13kg.
In acid-resistant container, first adding massfraction is 30% hydrochloric acid 52L, is warming up to 50 ℃, then divides the chitin that adds for ten times step (1) to make, every minor tick ten minutes, after to be added completing, 50 ℃ of reactions 30 minutes, then be warming up to 80 ℃, insulation reaction 2 hours, obtaining crude product liquid, is under 65～70 ℃ of conditions, to concentrate until evaporate to dryness obtains solid crude product gained crude product liquid in vacuum tightness-0.09～-0.1MPa, temperature; The solid crude product making is proceeded in another reactor, add 65L pure water to dissolve, add 1kg gac, at 70 ℃, stir decolouring, the feed liquid after decolouring is carried out to suction filtration, collect filtrate; Be to concentrate under 65～70 ℃ of conditions filtrate in vacuum tightness-0.09～-0.1MPa, temperature, until there is crystal to separate out, obtain concentrated solution; Add while hot the ethanol of 100L toward the concentrated solution that makes, shake up and be placed at 2 ℃ crystallization 8 hours, filter, obtain 8kg crystal A and a mother liquor, temporary mother liquor; To in crystal A, add 40L water dissolution, then add 0.24kg gac, at 70 ℃, stir decolouring, the feed liquid after decolouring is carried out to suction filtration, collect filtrate; Be to concentrate under 65～70 ℃ of conditions filtrate in vacuum tightness-0.09～-0.1MPa, temperature, until there is crystal to separate out, obtain concentrated solution; Add while hot the ethanol of 30L toward the concentrated solution that makes, shake up and be placed at 2 ℃ crystallization 8 hours, filter, obtain crystal B and secondary mother liquid, temporary mother liquor; Gained crystal B is dried, packing, glucosamine hydrochloride 7.2kg gets product.
Preparation by the above-mentioned glucosamine hydrochloride finished product making for the healthcare product of bone and joint diseases aspect.
embodiment 2:
Take the adult bombay canary 200kg of GAP base cultivation, freezing 4 hours at-21 ℃, pulverized 200 mesh sieves, adult bombay canary powder after sieving is put in reactor, then added 3400 L methyl alcohol, stir 14 hours, with 200 order filter-cloth filterings, pure water rinsing, filter, to substantially anhydrous drippage, obtains filter residue A; In acid-resistant container, adding massfraction is 8% sulfuric acid 3400L, opens and stirs, then add filter residue A, stirs 24 hours under normal temperature, and with 200 order filter-cloth filterings, water rinses to neutral, and pure water finally rinses, and filter is substantially anhydrous drippage extremely, obtains filter residue B; Filter residue B is joined in alkaline-resisting container, add 2400L water and 9kg hypo solution, and the sodium hydroxide that is 10% with massfraction adjusting pH value to 11, be warming up to 85 ℃, stir decolouring 4 hours; Through 200 order filter-cloth filterings, water rinses to neutral, and pure water finally rinses, and filter, to substantially anhydrous drippage, obtains filter cake, and above-mentioned filter cake is carried out to suction filtration, after draining, 65 ℃ of oven dry, beats powder, makes chitin 29kg.
In acid-resistant container, first adding massfraction is 32% hydrochloric acid 493L, is warming up to 55 ℃, then divides the chitin that adds for ten times step (1) to make, every minor tick ten minutes, after to be added completing, 55 ℃ of reactions 30 minutes, then be warming up to 85 ℃, insulation reaction 6 hours, obtaining crude product liquid, is under 65～70 ℃ of conditions, to concentrate until evaporate to dryness obtains solid crude product gained crude product liquid in vacuum tightness-0.09～-0.1MPa, temperature; The solid crude product making is proceeded in another reactor, add 348L pure water to dissolve, add 1.305kg gac, at 75 ℃, stir decolouring, the feed liquid after decolouring is carried out to suction filtration, collect filtrate; Be to concentrate under 65～70 ℃ of conditions filtrate in vacuum tightness-0.09～-0.1MPa, temperature, until there is crystal to separate out, obtain concentrated solution; Add while hot the acetone of 1500L toward the concentrated solution that makes, shake up and be placed at 3 ℃ crystallization 10 hours, filter, obtain 20kg crystal A and a mother liquor, temporary mother liquor; To in crystal A, add 240L water dissolution, then add 0.9kg gac, at 75 ℃, stir decolouring, the feed liquid after decolouring is carried out to suction filtration, collect filtrate; Be to concentrate under 65～70 ℃ of conditions filtrate in vacuum tightness-0.09～-0.1MPa, temperature, until there is crystal to separate out, obtain concentrated solution; Add while hot the acetone of 80L toward the concentrated solution that makes, shake up and be placed at 3 ℃ crystallization 10 hours, filter, obtain crystal B and secondary mother liquid, temporary mother liquor; Gained crystal B is dried, packing, glucosamine hydrochloride 17kg gets product.
Preparation by the above-mentioned glucosamine hydrochloride finished product making for the medicine of osteoarthropathy aspect.
embodiment 3:
Take the adult bombay canary 80kg of GAP base cultivation, freezing 6 hours at-24 ℃, pulverized 300 mesh sieves, adult bombay canary powder after sieving is put in reactor, then added the ethyl acetate of 2400 L, stir 20 hours, with 200 order filter-cloth filterings, pure water rinsing, filter, to substantially anhydrous drippage, obtains filter residue A; In acid-resistant container, adding massfraction is 10% hydrochloric acid 2400L, opens and stirs, then add filter residue A, stirs 32 hours under normal temperature, and with 200 order filter-cloth filterings, water rinses to neutral, and pure water finally rinses, and filter is substantially anhydrous drippage extremely, obtains filter residue B; Filter residue B is joined in alkaline-resisting container, and adding 1600L massfraction is 6% chlorine bleach liquor, and the sodium hydroxide that is 10% with massfraction regulates pH value to 11, is warming up to 90 ℃, stirs and decolours 5 hours; Through 200 order filter-cloth filterings, water rinses to neutral, and pure water finally rinses, and filter, to substantially anhydrous drippage, obtains filter cake, and above-mentioned filter cake is carried out to suction filtration, after draining, 70 ℃ of oven dry, beats powder, makes chitin 11kg.
In acid-resistant container, first adding massfraction is 34% hydrochloric acid 330L, is warming up to 60 ℃, then divides the chitin that adds for ten times step (1) to make, every minor tick ten minutes, after to be added completing, 60 ℃ of reactions 30 minutes, then be warming up to 90 ℃, insulation reaction 10 hours, obtaining crude product liquid, is under 65～70 ℃ of conditions, to concentrate until evaporate to dryness obtains solid crude product gained crude product liquid in vacuum tightness-0.09～-0.1MPa, temperature; The solid crude product making is proceeded in another reactor, add 220L pure water to dissolve, add 0.77kg gac, at 80 ℃, stir decolouring, the feed liquid after decolouring is carried out to suction filtration, collect filtrate; Be to concentrate under 65～70 ℃ of conditions filtrate in vacuum tightness-0.09～-0.1MPa, temperature, until there is crystal to separate out, obtain concentrated solution; Add while hot the acetonitrile of 1100L toward the concentrated solution that makes, shake up and be placed at 5 ℃ crystallization 12 hours, filter, obtain 9kg crystal A and a mother liquor, temporary mother liquor; To in crystal A, add 180L water dissolution, then add 0.54kg gac, at 75 ℃, stir decolouring, the feed liquid after decolouring is carried out to suction filtration, collect filtrate; Be to concentrate under 65～70 ℃ of conditions filtrate in vacuum tightness-0.09～-0.1MPa, temperature, until there is crystal to separate out, obtain concentrated solution; Add while hot the acetonitrile of 40L toward the concentrated solution that makes, shake up and be placed at 5 ℃ crystallization 12 hours, filter, obtain crystal B and secondary mother liquid, temporary mother liquor; Gained crystal B is dried, packing, glucosamine hydrochloride 7.1kg gets product.
Preparation by the above-mentioned glucosamine hydrochloride finished product making for the medicine of bone and joint diseases aspect.
Although in conjunction with specific embodiments the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, it is not the restriction to this patent protection domain.In claims limited range, the various modifications that those skilled in the art can make without creative work or adjustment are still subject to the protection of this patent.
Claims (3)
1. a method of preparing glucosamine hydrochloride take periplaneta americana as raw material, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) extraction of chitin in periplaneta americana, comprises the following steps:
A, by periplaneta americana at-18～-24 ℃ freezing 3～6 hours, then pulverized 100～300 mesh sieves; Periplaneta americana after sieving is dropped in reactor, then added organic solvent A, stir 8～20 hours under normal temperature, filter, washing, obtains filter residue A;
Described organic solvent A is at least one in methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, Virahol, methylene dichloride, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran (THF), ether and isopropyl ether, and the add-on of described organic solvent A is 4～30 times of periplaneta americana weight after sieving;
B, in acid-resistant container, first adding massfraction in the ratio of filter residue A and sour weight 1:4～30 is 6～10% acid, opens and stirs, then add filter residue A, stirs 16～32 hours under normal temperature, filters, and is washed to neutrality, obtains filter residue B; Described acid is hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid;
C, filter residue B is joined in alkaline-resisting container, add with respect to the water of 5～20 times of filter residue B weight and 3～6% discoloring agent, and regulator solution pH value to 10～11, be warming up to 80～90 ℃, stir decolouring 3～5 hours, filter, be washed to neutrality, obtain filter cake; Above-mentioned filter cake, 60～70 ℃ of oven dry, is beaten to powder, make chitin;
(2) preparation of glucosamine hydrochloride, comprises the following steps:
D, in acid-resistant container, it is 30～34% hydrochloric acid that the ratio of the chitin making in step (1) and hydrochloric acid weight 1:4～30 first adds massfraction, be warming up to 50～60 ℃, after progressively add step (1) to make chitin, after to be added completing, 50～60 ℃ of reactions 30 minutes, be warming up to 80～90 ℃, insulation reaction 2～10 hours, obtains crude product liquid again, it is concentrated until evaporate to dryness obtains solid crude product;
E, the solid crude product that steps d is made proceed in another reactor, add with respect to the water of 5～20 times of solid crude product weight and 3～6% discoloring agent, stir decolouring at 70～80 ℃, and the feed liquid after decolouring is carried out to suction filtration, collect filtrate; Filtrate is carried out to vacuum concentration, until there is crystal to separate out, obtain concentrated solution;
In f, the concentrated solution that makes toward step e, add the organic solvent B with respect to 10～100 times of concentrated solution weight, be placed at 0～5 ℃ crystallization 8～12 hours, filtration obtains crystal A;
Described organic solvent B is at least one in methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, Virahol, butanols, acetone, butanone, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dioxane;
G, crystal A that step f is made again according to step e, f decolour, crystallization, obtain crystal B, by crystal B dry, packing, glucosamine hydrochloride gets product.
2. the method for preparing glucosamine hydrochloride take periplaneta americana as raw material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: periplaneta americana described in step (1) is the adult bombay canary of GAP base cultivation.
3. the method for preparing glucosamine hydrochloride take periplaneta americana as raw material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described in described step c and step e, discoloring agent is at least one in hydrogen peroxide, sulfurous gas, Sodium Metabisulfite, V-Brite B, sodium hyposulfate, Sulfothiorine, clorox, potassium hypochlorite, gac, diatomite and activated alumina.
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| CN104017107A (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2014-09-03 | 南京麦思德餐饮管理有限公司 | Preparation method of American cockroach chitin powder |
| CN104171776A (en) * | 2014-07-16 | 2014-12-03 | 胡美君 | Health jelly containing mantis shrimp heads and mantis shrimp shells and preparation method thereof |
| CN104327129A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-02-04 | 广东侨丰实业股份有限公司 | Method for preparing glucosamine hydrochloride by taking crab shells as raw materials |
| CN108003200A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-05-08 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | A kind of aminoglucose hydrochloride novel preparation method |
| CN109438532B (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2020-06-30 | 庄臣酿酒（福建）有限公司 | Method for extracting D-glucosamine |
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| CN101503433A (en) * | 2009-03-06 | 2009-08-12 | 石勇 | Preparation of plant source glucosamine hydrochloride |
| CN101775045A (en) * | 2009-12-07 | 2010-07-14 | 汪昔奇 | Method for preparing glucosamine hydrochloride |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101503433A (en) * | 2009-03-06 | 2009-08-12 | 石勇 | Preparation of plant source glucosamine hydrochloride |
| CN101775045A (en) * | 2009-12-07 | 2010-07-14 | 汪昔奇 | Method for preparing glucosamine hydrochloride |
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Effective date of registration: 20200818 Address after: 615000 Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Xichang province Sichuan Airport Road Patentee after: SICHUAN GOODDOCTOR PANXI PHARMACEUTICAL Co.,Ltd. Address before: 15, building 88, building B, four Wei building, No. 610031 Camp Road, Sichuan, Chengdu Patentee before: Geng Funeng |
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