A kind of method preparing lecithin in high purity
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method preparing lecithin in high purity.
Background technology
Phosphatide is prevalent in vegeto-animal protoplasma and microbial film, has important adjustment function to the eubolism of biomembranous physiologically active and body, and it has good emulsifying and oxidation-resistance simultaneously, is widely used in food, medicine, the fields such as makeup.Phosphatidylcholine (phosphatidylcholine is called for short PC) is wherein important phosphatide.
Yelkin TTS is the main component forming human body cell film, is one of Life Base material keeping cell normal function, has important regulating effect to the eubolism of human body.Keep elasticity and the perviousness of heart and cerebrovascular wall, vessel softening, increase the content of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), prevent blood pool; Make nerves reaction sharp, improve memory, prevent forgetful and senile dementia; Can prevention of liver disease and diabetes-alleviating; Can damaging cells be promoted, improve immunity of organisms.The shortage of Yelkin TTS causes the one of the main reasons of modern civilization diseases.
Have hydrophilic group and hydrophobic group in lecithin molecules structure, this bipolar character makes Yelkin TTS show excellent surfactivity simultaneously, belongs to application phosphatic type amphoterics more widely, has emulsification; thickening, stable, dispersion; solubilising, wetting, the functions such as lubrication; food can be widely used in, feed, medicine; makeup, coating, ink; weaving, leather, the industrial and agricultural production such as petroleum product and plant protection.High purity lecithin refers to the lecithin products that PC content is greater than 90%.Because high purity lecithin purity is high, free from extraneous odour, emulsifying capacity is strong, and interpolation that not only in the food industry can be relatively large uses, and also can make healthcare products, pharmaceuticals etc.Especially pharmaceutically, can be used as intravenous liposome, as the carrier of active ingredient, reduce toxicity, increase drug effect.The phosphatidylcholine of high-content has the effect of prevention hepatitis and fatty liver simultaneously, reduces cholesterol, the effect of preventing cardiovascular disease.
The raw material of the highly purified natural phosphatidyl choline of current preparation is mainly derived from animal and plant.The former is yolk and animal tissues mainly, and the latter is some vegetable oil materials, as soybean, vegetable seed.The quality extracting high purity lecithin from yolk is better, but cost is high.And the phosphatide in vegetable oil material is a kind of fatty accompaniment, the stripping along with the extraction of grease, is separated with grease as oil foot in the aquation operation of oil and fat refining.These oil foots as processed not in time, very easily cooperating microorganisms and cause environmental pollution.Oil foot first through dehydration, obtains concentrated phosphatide, i.e. the raw phospholipid of plant origin.The raw phospholipid of plant origin, except containing except phosphatidylcholine, also contains glyceryl ester, single glyceric acid three ester, two glycerates, glyceric acid three ester (referring to oils here), peptide class, amino acid, stearin, phosphatidyl inositide, phosphatidylethanolamine, and carbohydrate.General acquisition lecithin in high purity is is starting raw material with such raw phospholipid.The first step of general purifying phosphatide is with acetone deoiling (U.S.Pat.No.3,268,335), then second step is with extraction using alcohol (U.S.Pat.No.2,724,649), 3rd step is that the phosphatide being dissolved in ethanolic moiety carries out adsorption chromatography, is no more than 35 DEG C.Apply acetone method separating oil time, create acetone derivatives, as mesityl oxide, Pyranton, sym.-diisopropylideneacetone etc. other material produce.Not only the smell is awful for these by products, and be poisonous.Further, also bad impact can be caused with the superoxide produced during acetone deoiling to Human Physiology.In addition, there is potential safety hazard in a large amount of uses of industrial production acetone.
When purifying phosphatidylcholine, remove the difficult problem that lyso-phosphatidylcholine is also production injection stage phosphatidylcholine always.Lyso-phosphatidylcholine (lysophosphatidylcholine), being a kind of compound that Yelkin TTS is generated by phospholipase A hydrolysis, having strong hemolytic action, mainly by destroying cytolemma, causing haemolysis.The existence of lyso-phosphatidylcholine in injection liquid, causes patient to occur the sign of haemolysis, threat to life.
High purity phosphorus phosphatidylcholine technology of preparing mainly contains: acetylation method, the inorganic salt precipitator method, super-critical fluid extraction, membrane separation process, tlc (TCL), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), column chromatography etc.The inorganic salt precipitator method and acetylation method can only obtain Phosphorylcholine, and owing to adding reaction reagent, the technical difficulty of aftertreatment strengthens; Comparatively conventional in supercritical fluid method is supercritical CO 2, and its molten oily ability is comparatively strong and to dissolve the ability of phosphatide more weak, be only suitable for preparing mixed phosphatide product and the fractional separation that is not suitable for phosphatide, and cost of equipment costly; The cost of equipment of membrane separation process is also higher, and the single component fractional separation realizing phosphatide also also exists certain difficulty; Tlc (TCL) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) all can obtain that purity is high, the measured single phospholipid products of matter, but the treatment capacity of HPLC method is little, and equipment and maintenance cost higher, and tlc not easily changes developping agent, and aftertreatment is more loaded down with trivial details;
These methods are not enough to remove harmful lyso-phosphatidylcholine, simultaneously raw materials used, general by removing grease with acetone, the content of phosphatidylcholine just can be made to reach more than 90%, waste time and energy, lyso-phosphatidylcholine in the product produced and the by product of acetone can not get effective control, are difficult to meet the basic demand as injection stage phosphatide.
In addition, part is prepared in the technique of lecithin in high purity, uses toxic reagent, as CN1709895A, uses ethyl acetate, and silica gel needs activation, operates very loaded down with trivial details.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of method preparing lecithin in high purity, this preparation method adopts plant concentrated phosphatide to be raw material, alcohol water is solvent, solve continuous extraction in suitability for industrialized production, be continuously separated, the key technical problem such as continuous chromatography separation, solve the difficult problem that phosphatidylcholine content is low, the phosphatide of phosphatidylcholine content more than 90% can be produced, solve phosphatidylcholine as the high problem of detrimental impurity content in injection stage phospholipid prod simultaneously.This Technology produces the phospholipid prod of phosphatidylcholine content more than 90%, and low lyso-phosphatidylcholine, the phospholipid prod of low phosphatidylethanolamine.Present device is simple, does not introduce toxic reagent, and separating effect is desirable, easy and simple to handle, can reach and work continuously, be convenient to expand the scale of production.And this method is easy to extension, be prepare lecithin in high purity most one of method having development potentiality.
The preparation method of lecithin in high purity of the present invention comprises following technological process:
Alcohol treatment step: with plant concentrated phosphatide for raw material, alcohol and water is mixed solvent, through extracting and separating, isolates alcohol soluble product;
Silica gel column chromatography step: carry out silica gel column chromatography to back products therefrom, uses alcohol gradient elution, collects reaction mixture;
Drying step: vacuum concentration is carried out, lyophilize to silica gel column chromatography products therefrom solution, obtains high purity lecithin product.
Alumina column chromatography treatment step can be added further in preparation method's technological process of lecithin in high purity of the present invention, this treatment step before being placed on silica gel column chromatography is: by alumina column chromatography method absorption alcohol soluble product, use alcohol and water gradient elution, collect reaction mixture; Then silica gel column chromatography, collects high-content phosphatidylcholine solution, carries out vacuum concentration further, lyophilize, obtain high purity lecithin product.
This treatment step after being placed on silica gel column chromatography is: the reaction mixture collected with alumina column chromatography method adsorption silica gel column chromatography, uses alcohol and water gradient elution, collects reaction mixture; Carry out vacuum concentration further, lyophilize, obtain high purity lecithin product.
According to method of the present invention, wherein, the purity of described phosphatidylcholine is more than 90%.
According to method of the present invention, wherein, the purity of described phosphatidylcholine is more than 95%.
According to method of the present invention, wherein, the purity of described phosphatidylcholine is more than 98%.
According to method of the present invention, wherein, the determining alcohol of described gradient elution is between 40%-100%.In one embodiment of the invention, take silica gel as sorbent material, adopt 60%, the ethanol of 85%, 95% is while 90.0% at the content that improve phosphatidylcholine, eliminate oil, lyso-phosphatidylcholine (content is 5%), phosphatidylethanolamine (content is 5%), makes these foreign matter contents reduce; In another embodiment of the present invention, adopt 40%, 80%, the methanol-eluted fractions alumina column of 100%, coordinates silica gel column chromatography, is while 96.7% at the content that improve phosphatidylcholine, eliminate oil, lyso-phosphatidylcholine (content is 0.1%), phosphatidylethanolamine (content is 0.2%), makes these foreign matter contents reduce.
According to method of the present invention, wherein, the described raw material containing phosphatidylcholine is selected from the group comprising soybean lecithin, Ovum Gallus domesticus Flavus lecithin, rapeseed oil phospholipid composition, as concentrated soybean lecithin, Powdered Soy Lecithin, decolouring phosphatide, Sunflower Receptacle phosphatide, rapeseed oil phospholipid, peanut phosphatide.
According to method of the present invention, wherein, described alcohol comprises methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, Virahol, propyl carbinol, the group of isopropylcarbinol.
According to method of the present invention, wherein, described alcohol is methyl alcohol, the group of ethanol and Virahol composition.
According to method of the present invention, wherein, the lysophospholipid content in described lecithin in high purity product is below 3%.
According to method of the present invention, wherein, the thanomin content in described lecithin in high purity product is below 5%.
According to method of the present invention, wherein, the alumina column chromatography method in described pre-treatment step and the silica gel column chromatography in chromatographic step exchange.
The preparation method of high purity lecithin provided by the invention, proposes one from concentrated phosphatide, with extraction using alcohol, the new technology route that silica gel column chromatography organically combines, whole processing step only uses alcohol and water, at acquisition high purity PC product simultaneously, ensure that low LPC, the PE content of this product.Whole operating process adopts single solvent alcoholic solution, makes production process nontoxic, nuisanceless, without the three wastes.Separating filler can recycle, time saving and energy saving, entering without hazardous solvent, and raw material is not confined to certain source, the phosphatide of various plants of can originating and animal.
According to lecithin in high purity product prepared by the aforesaid method of the present invention, wherein, described product contains phosphatidylcholine 90-100%, phosphatidylethanolamine 0-5%, lyso-phosphatidylcholine 0-5%.Further, according to lecithin in high purity product prepared by the aforesaid method of the present invention, wherein, described product contains phosphatidylcholine 90-100%, phosphatidylethanolamine 0-3%, lyso-phosphatidylcholine 0-3% and other type phosphatide, as phosphatidyl-4 alcohol ester, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidic acid.
The invention provides high-content Yelkin TTS at medicine, healthcare products, the application of cosmetic industry, particularly as the application of injection stage phosphatide.
The aluminum oxide that the present invention uses comprises neutral alumina, alkali alumina, acidic alumina, and size range is 30-200 order; The silica gel size range that the present invention uses is 30-700 order; The rate of load condensate (per-cent of absorption liquid) of aluminum oxide and silica gel is 5-30%.Column chromatography service temperature of the present invention is 20-70 degree Celsius.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The thick beans concentrated liquid phosphatide of 25.63 kilograms stirs with 128 kilogram of 95% methyl alcohol at 35 DEG C, extract, room temperature state cold analysis is separated, isolate supernatant liquor, repetitive operation 2 times, merge second extraction supernatant liquor, (reduced vacuum concentrates, high performance liquid chromatography detection level: phosphatidylcholine content is 44.2%, the content of phosphatidylethanolamine is 15.2%, the content of oil is 12.3%, the content of lyso-phosphatidylcholine is 10%), carry out alumina column chromatography (salic 40 kilograms), 80% methanol-eluted fractions, thin-layer chromatography detects (TLC), collect the flow point being rich in Yelkin TTS, product is carried out silica gel column chromatography (containing 40 kilograms, silica gel), with 70%, 85%, the methanol elution gradient of 100%.TLC analytical procedure is monitored, identical merges containing single phosphatidylcholine spot stream part, vacuum concentration, lyophilize, the product obtained 2.41 kilograms, phosphatidylcholine (being called for short PC) content 97.5%, lyso-phosphatidylcholine (being called for short LPC) is 0.8%, phosphatidylethanolamine (being called for short PE) is 0.25%, and the content of oil is 0, phosphatidic acid content 1.45%.
Embodiment 2
The thick Ovum Gallus domesticus Flavus lecithin of 16.8 kilograms stirs at 35 degrees Celsius of 95% Virahols with 170 kilograms, extract, room temperature state cold analysis is separated, isolate supernatant liquor, repetitive operation 2 times, (reduced vacuum concentrates to merge second extraction supernatant liquor, phosphatidylcholine content is: 43.2%, phosphatidylethanolamine content 14.3%, the content 10.0% of oil, the content of lyso-phosphatidylcholine is: 15%) product is carried out alumina column absorption, the Virahol gradient elution of 40%, 80%, 100%, TLC analytical procedure is monitored, and collects the flow point being rich in Yelkin TTS.Product is added silica gel column chromatography absorption, 80% Virahol wash-out.Thin-layer chromatography detects (TLC), and identical merges containing single phosphatidylcholine spot stream part, vacuum concentration, lyophilize, the product 2.31Kg obtained, PC content 96.7%, LPC is 0.1%, PE is 0.2%, and the content of oil is 0, and the phosphatidyl-4 alcohol ester composition of 3%.
Embodiment 3
6.38 kilograms of powdered soybean Yelkin TTS (derive from commercially available, phosphatidylcholine content 53.2%, the content 15% of phosphatidylethanolamine, the content of lyso-phosphatidylcholine is 8%, and the content of oil is 0) be dissolved in 25 liters of industrial alcohols, directly carry out adding alumina column chromatography (containing 30 kilograms, 100-200 object aluminum oxide), then 40% is used, 70%, the ethanol gradient elution of 90%, TLC analytical procedure is monitored, and collects the flow point being rich in Yelkin TTS.Product is added silica gel column chromatography absorption (containing 10 kilograms of 200-300 order silica gel), amalgamation liquid is carried out silica gel column chromatography, with ethanol: water (70: 30) mixed solvent gradient elution.Thin-layer chromatography detects (TLC), and identical merges containing single phosphatidylcholine spot stream part, vacuum concentration, lyophilize, the product obtained 2.55 kilograms, and PC content 98.5%, LPC is 0.8%, PE is 0.7%, and the content of oil is 0.
Embodiment 4
The thick Ovum Gallus domesticus Flavus lecithin of 16.8 kilograms stirs with 170 kilogram of 95% ethanol at 35 degrees Celsius, extract, room temperature state cold analysis is separated, isolate supernatant liquor, repetitive operation 2 times, (reduced vacuum concentrates to merge second extraction supernatant liquor, phosphatidylcholine content 43.2%, phosphatidylethanolamine content 14.3%, the content 10.0% of oil, the content of lyso-phosphatidylcholine is: 9%) add alumina column chromatography (containing 100-200 object neutral alumina 20 kilograms), use 100% ethanol elution, TLC analytical procedure is monitored, and collects the flow point being rich in Yelkin TTS.Product is carried out silica gel column chromatography (containing 8 kilograms of 60-100 order silica gel), with 80%, the ethanol gradient elution of 95%.Thin-layer chromatography detects (TLC), and identical merges containing single phosphatidylcholine spot stream part, and vacuum concentration, lyophilize, the product obtained 2.16 kilograms, PC content 98%, LPC is 1%, PE is 1%.
Embodiment 5
The thick beans concentrated liquid phosphatide of 25.63 kilograms stirs with 128 kilogram of 95% ethanol at 35 degrees Celsius, extract, room temperature state cold analysis is separated, isolate supernatant liquor, repetitive operation 2 times, merge second extraction supernatant liquor, reduced vacuum concentrates, enriched material high performance liquid chromatography detection level: phosphatidylcholine content is 44.2%, the content of phosphatidylethanolamine is 15.2%, the content of oil is 12.3%, the content of lyso-phosphatidylcholine is 8%, carry out alumina column chromatography (containing 25 kilograms, 30-60 object aluminum oxide), 50%, 75%, 90% ethanol elution, thin-layer chromatography detects (TLC), collect the flow point being rich in Yelkin TTS.Product is added silica gel column chromatography (containing 15 kilograms of 60-100 order silica gel), with 50%, the ethanol gradient elution of 80%, 100%.TLC analytical procedure is monitored, identical merges containing single phosphatidylcholine spot stream part, vacuum concentration, lyophilize, the product obtained 2.41 kilograms, PC content 93.5%, LPC is 0.8%, PE is 0.25%, and the content of oil is 0, with the capable composition of other phosphatide as phosphatidyl-4 alcohol ester, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidic acid 5.45%.
Embodiment 6
The thick beans concentrated liquid phosphatide of 21.61 kilograms stirs with 108 kilogram of 95% ethanol at 35 degrees Celsius, extract, room temperature state cold analysis is separated, isolate supernatant liquor, repetitive operation 2 times, merge second extraction supernatant liquor, (reduced vacuum concentrates, high performance liquid chromatography detection level: phosphatidylcholine content is 44.2%, the content of phosphatidylethanolamine is 15.2%, the content of oil is 12.3%, the content of lyso-phosphatidylcholine is 10%), carry out alumina column chromatography (containing 18 kilograms, 100-200 order aluminum oxide), 60%, 80%, 100% ethanol elution, thin-layer chromatography detects (TLC), collect the flow point being rich in Yelkin TTS.Product is added silica gel column chromatography (containing 12 kilograms of 200-300 order silica gel), with 65%, the ethanol gradient elution of 80%, 100%.TLC analytical procedure is monitored, identical merges containing single phosphatidylcholine spot stream part, vacuum concentration, lyophilize, the product obtained 2.41 kilograms, PC content 95.5%, LPC is 1%, PE is 0.25%, and the content of oil is 0, with other phosphatide composition as phosphatidyl-4 alcohol ester, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidic acid.
Embodiment 7
The rapeseed oil phospholipid of 15.36 kilograms stirs with 155 kilogram of 95% ethanol at 35 degrees Celsius, extract, room temperature state cold analysis is separated, isolate supernatant liquor, repetitive operation 2 times, merge second extraction supernatant liquor, (reduced vacuum concentrates, phosphatidylcholine content 40.2%, the content 15% of phosphatidylethanolamine, the content of oil is 14%, the content 8% of lyso-phosphatidylcholine), carry out silica gel column chromatography (100-200 order), 70%, 90% ethanol elution, thin-layer chromatography detects (TLC), collects the flow point being rich in Yelkin TTS.Product is added alumina column chromatography (containing 20 kilograms, 30-60 order aluminum oxide), with 70%, the ethanol gradient elution of 90%.TLC analytical procedure is monitored, identical merges containing single phosphatidylcholine spot stream part, vacuum concentration, lyophilize, the product obtained 2.41 kilograms, PC content 90.5%, LPC is 3%, PE is 5.0%, and the content of oil is 0, with other phosphatide composition as phosphatidyl-4 alcohol ester, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidic acid.
Embodiment 8
The thick beans concentrated liquid phosphatide of 21.61 kilograms stirs with 108 kilogram of 95% ethanol at 35 degrees Celsius, extract, room temperature state cold analysis is separated, isolate supernatant liquor, repetitive operation 2 times, merge second extraction supernatant liquor, (reduced vacuum concentrates, high performance liquid chromatography detection level: phosphatidylcholine content is 44.2%, the content of phosphatidylethanolamine is 15.2%, the content of oil is 12.3%, the content of lyso-phosphatidylcholine is 10%), carry out silica gel column chromatography (containing 8 kilograms, 300-400 object silica gel), with 60%, 85%, the ethanol gradient elution of 95%.TLC analytical procedure is monitored, and identical merges containing single phosphatidylcholine spot stream part, and vacuum concentration, lyophilize, the product obtained 2.51 kilograms, PC content 90.0%, LPC is 5%, PE is 5%.