CN102627472B - Laser near net shaping method of low-porosity titanium alumina ceramic piece - Google Patents
Laser near net shaping method of low-porosity titanium alumina ceramic piece Download PDFInfo
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- CN102627472B CN102627472B CN 201210114455 CN201210114455A CN102627472B CN 102627472 B CN102627472 B CN 102627472B CN 201210114455 CN201210114455 CN 201210114455 CN 201210114455 A CN201210114455 A CN 201210114455A CN 102627472 B CN102627472 B CN 102627472B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 title abstract 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- VQYHBXLHGKQYOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum oxygen(2-) titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[Al+3].[Ti+4] VQYHBXLHGKQYOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000883 Ti6Al4V Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003064 anti-oxidating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001138 tear Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005382 thermal cycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser near net shaping method of a low-porosity titanium alumina ceramic piece. Laser net shaping is performed on titanium alumina ceramic powder by using a laser processing system. The laser near net shaping method specifically comprises the following steps of: mixing the titanium alumina ceramic powder and SiC powder, drying and then placing in a powder feeder; connecting a laser processing head with a Nd:YAG solid laser through a transmission optical fiber; and realizing the laser net shaping of the low-porosity titanium alumina ceramic piece by controlling continuous movement of the processing head by taking argon gas as powder feeding and protecting gas. According to the laser near net shaping method, on one hand, the laser net shaping of the low-porosity titanium alumina ceramic piece can be realized, and on the other hand, the complexity of parameter optimization is simplified; the introduction of other adverse problems is avoided; and thus, a feasible parameter range is expanded and the production efficiency is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of forming technique of aluminum oxide titanium ceramic member, particularly the laser near-net-shape method of low porosity aluminum oxide titanium ceramic member.
Background technology
Fast development along with world industry level and advanced manufacturing technology, structural part is required to improve constantly the work-ing life under special environment, the performance of metallic substance under high temperature corrosion, insulation and high abrasion environment has been difficult to meet the demands, and weares and teares high temperature resistant impeller, extreme industrial and mineral condition with the extraordinary component of mechanical manipulator, national defence and high-technology field etc. such as the height of aerospace engine.And stupalith is because the popularity in its source and unique wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant, high rigidity and high temperature resistant property receive much concern in material family, and every field all has important application.Al wherein
2O
3It is abundant, cheap to contain distribution, more excellent than mechanics, heat and the electrical property of other oxide ceramics, so become stupalith the most frequently used in the microelectronics industry, is applicable to the electron device of making various geometrical shapies, for improving Al
2O
3Fragility and crucible zone performance, add a certain amount of TiO usually
2, aluminum oxide titanium material widespread use in industry now.
Laser near-net-shape technology (Laser Engineered Net Shaping-LENS
TM) be that a kind of high energy beam directly acts on powdered material, by making the advanced manufacture method of powder smelting resolidification shaping object construction, have high-quality, efficient, high precision, lightweight, characteristics cheaply.Be applied in the shaping manufacturing of aluminum oxide titanium and can improve ceramic member dense structure property and homogeneity of ingredients, the simplified manufacturing technique flow process, not only can give full play to the premium properties of aluminum oxide titanium stupalith, also directly make for the structural part of this kind material a kind of novel method is provided, realize the preparation of complicated ceramic member, the aluminum oxide titanium ceramic member replace complex hardware under the engineering Application Areas makes special environment becomes possibility.But because laser processing energy height, consolidation are fast, cause drip molding inside to have a large amount of pores.A large amount of existence of pore can reduce outside heat-shock resistance, resistance to thermal cycling and the corrosion resistance nature of structural part, also may form stress concentration at the pore place, cause defectives such as crackle, fracture, and are fairly obvious to the weakening of mechanical strength.Therefore in the laser near-net-shape aluminum oxide titanium structural part process, effectively reducing structural part internal porosity rate is the key that guarantees aluminum oxide titanium ceramic member reliability.Improve problem about the pore origin cause of formation in the laser processing stupalith process and stupalith pore, following document all has report:
German scholar M.F.Zawrah, J.Schneider, K.H.Zum Gahr: " microtexture of laser melting coating aluminum oxide coating layer and mechanical property ", " Materials Science and Engineering ", 332A volume in 2002.
Britain scholar D.Triantafyllidis, L.Li, F.H.Stott: " mechanism that laser melting coating stupalith pore forms along solid-liquid interface ", " applied surface science ", 208-209 volume in 2003.
American scholar A.N.Samant, S.R.Paital, N.B.Dahotre: " " laser processing technology magazine " ", 2008 203 volumes.
Wang Dongsheng, Tian Zongjun, Shen Lida: " influence of laser remolten article on plasma spray aluminum oxide titanium nano coating microtexture ", " applied surface science ", 2009 255 volumes.
Li Qiang, pair great waves, Yang Kun: " laser fusion covered nickel base tungsten-carbide cermet pore Study on Problems ", " laser magazine ", 2006 27 volumes.
Recognize by literature survey, the cold contraction of high-energy, rapidly solidification, disease in the laser processing stupalith process and the characteristics of ceramic powder itself all can produce pore in inducing materials inside, and it is not extensive that this causes laser near-net-shape stupalith worldwide to be carried out.Therefore the pore problem that solves in the course of processing becomes the key factor that laser near-net-shape technology is promoted.Though above-mentioned document proposes and can improve by regulating parameter such as power, sweep velocity, powder sending quantity and remelting measure, has the following disadvantages:
At first, laser processing parameter is that the comprehensive action of parameter is not separate to the influence of pore, and exists between each parameter and be closely connected, and therefore adjusting laser processing parameter at the pore problem is suitable complexity even very harsh.
Secondly, result of study shows that though can improve the pore problem of structural part inside by laser remolten, effect is unsatisfactory mostly, still has a large amount of pores residual.In addition, because the shaped structure spare number of plies is more, remelting successively will increase the complicacy of process control greatly, have a strong impact on working (machining) efficiency, and reflow process very easily increases the structural part internal stress, and other defect such as aggravation crackle etc., is unfavorable for very much the performance of structural part.
At last, no matter be to adjust machined parameters or laser remolten, all will great effect be arranged to the macro morphology of structural part itself, microtexture, bonding strength, element ablation etc.Therefore want that improving pore by process means tends to draw other problems, even lose the original use value of structural part.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is for solving the pore problem in the laser near-net-shape aluminum oxide titanium ceramic member process, and avoids the defective that exists in the existing method, makes the fusing of aluminum oxide ti powder keep the SiC powder to melt state by adjusting parameter in shaping.The reason that can reduce void content in the laser near-net-shape aluminum oxide titanium ceramic member is:
1, in the rapidly solidification process, therefore molten SiC particle thermal expansivity can being heated of inhibited oxidation aluminium titanium crystal grain grow and the cooling shrinkage degree less than the aluminum oxide titanium, avoids shrinking in the process of cooling macroscopic cavitation of causing;
2, the second not introducing of molten additive mutually can make the gas that produces in the laser near-net-shape process be discharged by crystal boundary;
3, no cofusing particle enters in the molten bath and can the stirring that the molten bath produces be aggravated, and is beneficial to gas and discharges gas;
4, there is certain chemical reaction, gaseous substance can be consumed.
The object of the present invention is to provide the laser near-net-shape method of low porosity aluminum oxide titanium ceramic member, not only can obviously improve the pore problem of aluminum oxide titanium structural part, and avoided the introducing of other defect, simplified the complicacy that process control and machined parameters are adjusted, enhanced productivity.
For achieving the above object, the laser near-net-shape method of low porosity aluminum oxide titanium ceramic member, concrete technical scheme may further comprise the steps:
A, for improving shaping bond quality and the flowability of powder in powder feeder, select the ball-aluminium oxide ti powder of 20～90 μ m, add the SiC powder of 5～25wt.% granularity of the same race and shape, utilize ball mill to mix the back and carry out drying treatment at drying baker.
B, the composite powder of handling well is put into powder feeder, the operating distance of adjusting the relative substrate surface of laser Machining head lowermost end is 9～12mm, makes laser spot can cover the focus of flow of powder, and powder is fully utilized.
For guaranteeing that the fusing of aluminum oxide ti powder keeps the not molten state of SiC powder, adjust laser parameter: laser power is 150～270W, and sweep velocity is 200～500mm/min, and powder sending quantity is 0.99～2.14g/min in C, the processing.
D, open rare gas element; processing provides powder feeding power and gas shield in order to be shaped; priority starts powder feeder and laser apparatus forms processing to the aluminum oxide titanium ceramic powder that has added the SiC powder, produces the drip molding that satisfies dimensional requirement at substrate, finishes processing.
Wherein, the described rare gas element of step D can adopt argon gas, and its purity generally is not less than 99.9%, can provide the gas shield atmosphere, anti-oxidation for powder feeding provides enough power also to can be shaping manufacturing.
Solid continuous wave laser of the present invention adopts Nd:YAG solid continuous wave laser.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, the technical process of adopting among the present invention is compared with the scheme of reporting in the past, can solve the pore problem in the laser near-net-shape ceramic member more completely, and effect is obvious especially, has realized the laser near-net-shape of low porosity aluminum oxide titanium ceramic member;
2, the technical process of adopting among the present invention is compared with the scheme of reporting in the past, only need before shaping, to mix the SiC powder, save the process that laser processing parameter is optimized, the complicacy that reduced parameter is optimized, not only enlarge the feasible parameter area in the forming process, also improved the production efficiency of laser near-net-shape;
3, the technical process of adopting among the present invention is compared with the scheme of reporting in the past, when the pore problem is resolved, also avoids other influences that cause therefrom.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the laser near-net-shape device synoptic diagram of low porosity aluminum oxide titanium ceramic member.
Among the figure: 1 solid continuous wave laser, 2 Transmission Fibers, 3 laser Machining heads, 4 laser beams, 5 drip moldings, 6 substrates, 7 powder feeders, 8 rare gas elementes.
Fig. 2 (a) is the aluminum oxide titanium ceramic member internal porosity figure that does not add the SiC powder.
Among the figure: dark color is pore, and light color is the aluminum oxide titanium;
Fig. 2 (b) is the aluminum oxide titanium ceramic member internal porosity figure that adds the SiC powder.
Among the figure: white is the SiC no cofusing particle, and black is the aluminum oxide titanium.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is further specified: as shown in Figure 1, the laser near-net-shape method of low porosity aluminum oxide titanium ceramic member, embodiments of the invention require: the length of aluminum oxide titanium ceramic member is 17mm, wide is 2mm, height is 6mm, adopt JK1002 type Nd:YAG solid continuous wave laser that the aluminum oxide ti powder is carried out the laser near-net-shape, concrete forming step is as follows:
A, select the subsphaeroidal aluminum oxide titanium of 42～90 μ m as requested, add the SiC of 10wt.%, the powder that proportioning is good mixes 24h in planetary ball mill after, 100 ℃ times dry 4h in the electrothermic type air dry oven;
Before B, the processing forming board 6 is used sand papering, and use alcohol wash;
C, the composite powder that pre-treatment is good are put into powder feeder 7, and the operating distance of adjusting the relative substrate of laser Machining head 3 lowermost ends 6 surfaces is adjusted into 9mm;
D, adjustment laser processing parameter: laser power is 186W, and sweep velocity is 300mm/min, and powder sending quantity is 1.78g/min;
E, open rare gas element 8, adjusting powder feeding air pressure is 0.2MPa, and flow is 5L/min, and protection air pressure is 0.1MPa, and flow is 15L/min.Successively start the aluminum oxide titanium ceramic powder that powder feeder 7 and 1 pair in laser apparatus added the SiC of 10wt.% and form processing, laser Machining head 3 is mobile automatically according to the path of programming in advance, produces the long 17mm that is at substrate 6, and wide is 2mm, height is thin molded 5 of 6mm, finishes processing.
The described baseplate material of step D of the present invention is the Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
Claims (3)
1. the laser near-net-shape method of a low porosity aluminum oxide titanium ceramic member is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:
The ball-aluminium oxide ti powder of A, selection 20 ~ 90 μ m is added the SiC powder of the same granularity of 5 ~ 25wt.% and shape, mixes and drying treatment;
B, the composite powder that processing of step A is good are put into powder feeder, and the operating distance of adjusting the relative substrate surface of laser Machining head lowermost end is 9 ~ 12 mm, make laser spot cover the focus of flow of powder, and powder is fully utilized;
For guaranteeing that the fusing of aluminum oxide ti powder keeps the not molten state of SiC powder, adjust laser parameter: laser power is 150 ~ 270 W, and sweep velocity is 200 ~ 500 mm/min, and powder sending quantity is 0.99 ~ 2.14 g/min in C, the processing;
D, open rare gas element, successively start powder feeder and laser apparatus the aluminum oxide titanium ceramic powder that has added the SiC powder is formed processing, produce the drip molding that satisfies dimensional requirement at substrate, finish processing.
2. laser near-net-shape method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described rare gas element is argon gas, and its purity is not less than 99.9%.
3. laser near-net-shape method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described laser apparatus employing Nd:YAG solid continuous wave laser.
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| CN 201210114455 CN102627472B (en) | 2012-04-18 | 2012-04-18 | Laser near net shaping method of low-porosity titanium alumina ceramic piece |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103159484B (en) * | 2013-03-01 | 2014-08-27 | 大连理工大学 | Laser near-net forming method for ZrO2 and SiC compound mixed toughening Al2O3 base ceramic piece |
| CN103204683B (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2014-06-25 | 大连理工大学 | Laser near-net forming method for Al2O3 ceramic parts different in colors |
| CN110642606A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2020-01-03 | 天津城建大学 | Method for improving reflectivity of light-gathering cavity of alumina ceramic |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2002020251A2 (en) * | 2000-09-07 | 2002-03-14 | Honeywell International, Inc. | Procedures for rapid build and improved surface characteristics in layered manufacture |
| US6459951B1 (en) * | 1999-09-10 | 2002-10-01 | Sandia Corporation | Direct laser additive fabrication system with image feedback control |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8575513B2 (en) * | 2006-07-06 | 2013-11-05 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Rapid prototyping of ceramic articles |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6459951B1 (en) * | 1999-09-10 | 2002-10-01 | Sandia Corporation | Direct laser additive fabrication system with image feedback control |
| WO2002020251A2 (en) * | 2000-09-07 | 2002-03-14 | Honeywell International, Inc. | Procedures for rapid build and improved surface characteristics in layered manufacture |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| Laser processing of SiC-particle-feinforced coating on titanium;Mitun Das 等;《Scripta Materialia》;20100504;第438-441页 * |
| Mitun Das 等.Laser processing of SiC-particle-feinforced coating on titanium.《Scripta Materialia》.2010,第438-441页. |
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