CN102620520A - 一种由空气分离制取压力氧气和压力氮气附产液氩的工艺 - Google Patents

一种由空气分离制取压力氧气和压力氮气附产液氩的工艺 Download PDF

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CN102620520A
CN102620520A CN2012101010618A CN201210101061A CN102620520A CN 102620520 A CN102620520 A CN 102620520A CN 2012101010618 A CN2012101010618 A CN 2012101010618A CN 201210101061 A CN201210101061 A CN 201210101061A CN 102620520 A CN102620520 A CN 102620520A
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argon
nitrogen
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oxygen
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CN102620520B (zh
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王好民
彭辉
刘中杰
孙计章
王玉磊
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KAIFENG HUANGHE AIR SEPARATION GROUP CO Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04642Recovering noble gases from air
    • F25J3/04648Recovering noble gases from air argon
    • F25J3/04654Producing crude argon in a crude argon column
    • F25J3/04709Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as an auxiliary column system in at least a dual pressure main column system
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04309Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04436Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using at least a triple pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04454Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using at least a triple pressure main column system a main column system not otherwise provided, e.g. serially coupling of columns or more than three pressure levels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04872Vertical layout of cold equipments within in the cold box, e.g. columns, heat exchangers etc.
    • F25J3/04878Side by side arrangement of multiple vessels in a main column system, wherein the vessels are normally mounted one upon the other or forming different sections of the same column
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/30Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using a washing, e.g. "scrubbing" or bubble column for purification purposes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/50Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being oxygen

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Abstract

本发明属于空气分离技术领域,特别涉及一种由空气分离制取压力氧气和压力氮气,并可附产液氩的工艺。将净化后的空气冷却进入精馏系统,所述的精馏系统包括由冷凝蒸发器连接为一体的上塔和下塔构成的二级精馏系统以及纯氮塔、氩塔;精馏后,在纯氮塔顶部得到产品压力氮气,在上塔下部得到产品压力氧气,在氩塔上部得到液氩。本发明制取工艺氧气提取率可达到85-93%,能耗为0.53-0.65kWh/Nm3O2。工艺能耗低,大大降低了空分装置的能耗要求,符合国家现在的对高耗能产业的节能减排的要求,同时减少氧气、氮气压缩设备的投入。

Description

一种由空气分离制取压力氧气和压力氮气附产液氩的工艺
技术领域
本发明属于空气分离技术领域,特别涉及一种由空气分离制取压力氧气和压力氮气,并可附产液氩的工艺。
背景技术
随着社会经济的发展,近年来,空分设备的应用领域不断扩展,如石化、钢铁、玻璃、橡胶、建筑板材、多晶硅、碳纤维等行业都有涉足。工业对氮气和氧气的需求量是不断增加的,氮气和氧气的压力等级也日新月异,同时对节能降耗也不断提出更高的要求。因此,要想在市场上占有主动地位,就必须提高产品的提取率,降低装置的运行能耗,挖掘设备运行的节能潜力,同时尽可能对空气充分利用,同时提取其中的氮气和氧气。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种由空气分离制取带有一定压力的产品氧气和氮气附产液氩的工艺,可以改善工艺产品的提取率,降低装置运行能耗。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种由空气分离制取压力氧气和压力氮气附产液氩的工艺,将净化后的空气冷却进入精馏系统,所述的精馏系统包括由冷凝蒸发器连接为一体的上塔和下塔构成的二级精馏系统以及纯氮塔、氩塔;精馏后,在纯氮塔顶部得到产品压力氮气,在上塔下部得到产品压力氧气,在氩塔上部得到液氩。
其中得到氮气产品的过程为:净化后的空气冷却至饱和温度后进入下塔进行精馏,在下塔底部得到液空节流进入氩塔顶部的冷凝器作冷源,经过相变换热作纯氮塔的上升蒸汽;在下塔顶部得到的氮气进入冷凝蒸发器,被上塔底部液氧冷凝为液氮,冷凝后的液氮一部分进入下塔作回流液,其余液氮进入过冷器冷却,冷却后分为A1和A2两部分: A1进入纯氮塔作回流液参与纯氮塔的精馏,经过精馏在纯氮塔顶部得到压力氮气作为产品经过冷器和主换热器复热至常温后作为压力氮气产品送至用户。
A2进入上塔作回流液参与上塔精馏。
经过冷器冷却的液氮冷却后也可以分为A1、A2和A3三部分,A3部分作为液氮产品取出。
氧气产品的获得过程为:二级精馏系统上塔底部得到压力氧气经换热器复热至常温后进入增压透平膨胀机的增压端进行增压后作为压力氧气产品送至用户。
上塔底部得到液氧进入冷凝蒸发器与下塔氮气相变换热,在冷凝蒸发器底部可得到液氧产品。
副产的氩气产品获得过程为:上塔中部抽出氩馏分进入氩塔作为氩塔上升蒸汽,氩塔回流液来自氩塔顶部的冷凝器中被液空冷凝的液氩,经过精馏在氩塔底部的馏分液氩回流到上塔中部作为回流液,在氩塔上部抽出液氩作为产品送至用户。
整个工艺中,在纯氮塔底部得到富氧液空进入上塔中部作回流液参与上塔的精馏,氩塔顶部冷凝器中的液空也进入上塔中部作回流液。
在上塔上部得到废气经主换热器复热进入增压透平膨胀机的膨胀端进行膨胀做功为装置提供冷量,膨胀后的气体经主换热器复热后作为纯化系统再生气,多余部分去预冷系统蒸发致冷。
原料空气经除杂后被空气压缩机压缩至0.6~0.9MPa(G),再预冷至空气温度为5-12℃,然后进入纯化系统进行净化。
本发明根据工艺需要,将氩塔分成二段,采用液氩泵连接,避免采用一个氩塔时氩塔过高。
工艺中具体各装置的具体参数的控制本领域技术人员可根据工艺需要进行调整,或者采用现有软件进行计算,此处不再赘述。
本发明获得的产品氧气压力约为0.1-0.25Mpa(G),氧提取率为85-93%;产品氮气压力约为0.1-0.4Mpa(G);同时可产部分液氧和液氮,还可附产液氩产品,装置能耗为0.53-0.65kWh/Nm3 O2。另外,由于无需氧、氮产品的外压缩,因此可避免产品二次污染,克服因产品压缩机组故障对装置连续运行的影响。
本发明相对于现有技术,有以下优点:
本发明制取工艺氧气提取率可达到85-93%,能耗为0.53-0.65kWh/Nm3 O2。工艺能耗低,大大降低了空分装置的能耗要求,符合国家现在的对高耗能产业的节能减排的要求,同时减少氧气、氮气压缩设备的投入。
附图说明
图1为实施例1由空气分离制取带有一定压力的产品氧气和氮气附产液氩的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
以下以具体实施例来说明本发明的技术方案,但本发明的保护范围不限于此:
实施例1
制取氧气:10000 Nm3/h,压力:0.15Mpa(G);
氮气:14000 Nm3/h,压力:0.2Mpa(G);
液氩:280 Nm3/h。
结合图1,原料空气54000 Nm3/h经空气过滤器除去空气中的灰尘和杂质,然后被空气压缩机压缩至0.74MPa后,再经预冷系统降低空气温度至5-8℃,分离掉游离水后进入纯化系统,去除H2O、CO2、C2H2及其它碳氢化合物。
净化后的空气冷却至饱和温度后进入下塔1进行精馏,在下塔1底部得到32200 Nm3/h液空节流进入氩塔3顶部的冷凝器作热源,经过相变换热作纯氮塔4的上升蒸汽。在下塔1顶部得到的54800 Nm3/h氮气进入冷凝蒸发器5,氮气被上塔2底部液氧冷凝为液氮,冷凝后的液氮分成二部分:33000 Nm3/h液氮进入下塔1作回流液,其余液氮进入过冷器6被返流氮气冷却,300 Nm3/h液氮作为产品取出,其余液氮分成二部分:13500 Nm3/h液氮进入上塔2作回流液参与上塔2的精馏,其余进入纯氮塔4作回流液参与纯氮塔4的精馏。
经过精馏在纯氮塔4顶部得到压力氮气(14000 Nm3/h,0.22Mpa)作为产品经过冷器6和主换热器7复热至常温后作为氮气产品送至用户(14000 Nm3/h,0.2Mpa),在纯氮塔4底部得到富氧液空26200 Nm3/h进入上塔2中部作回流液参与上塔2的精馏。
为了避免采用一个氩塔过高,本实施例采用两段氩塔3和3’,采用液氩泵连接。经过精馏,在上塔2中部抽出氩馏分6600 Nm3/h进入氩塔3’作为氩塔上升蒸汽,在冷凝蒸发器5底部得到液氧(150 Nm3/h,0.15Mpa)可作为产品送至用户,在上塔2底部得到压力氧气(10000 Nm3/h,0.12Mpa)经主换热器7复热至常温进入增压透平膨胀机的增压端进行增压后作为氧气产品(10000 Nm3/h,0.15Mpa)送至用户。
氩塔3回流液来自氩塔3顶部的冷凝器中被液空冷凝的6870 Nm3/h液氩,氩塔3顶部冷凝器中的液空进入上塔2中部作回流液;经过精馏在氩塔3’底部的馏分液氩回流到上塔2中部作为回流液,在氩塔3上部抽出280 Nm3/h液氩作为产品送至用户。
在上塔2上部得到废气(29300 Nm3/h,0.12Mpa)经主换热器7复热进入增压透平膨胀机的膨胀端进行膨胀做功为装置提供冷量,膨胀后的气体经主换热器7复热后作为纯化系统再生气,多余部分去预冷系统蒸发致冷。
氧气提取率为89%,能耗为0.59kWh/Nm3 O2
上述实施例为本发明优选实施方式,但本发明的实施并不受上述实施例的限制,其他任何未背离本发明所作的改变均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1. 一种由空气分离制取压力氧气和压力氮气附产液氩的工艺,其特征在于,将净化后的空气冷却进入精馏系统,所述的精馏系统包括由冷凝蒸发器连接为一体的上塔和下塔构成的二级精馏系统以及纯氮塔、氩塔;精馏后,在纯氮塔顶部得到产品压力氮气,在上塔下部得到产品压力氧气,在氩塔上部得到液氩。
2.如权利要求1所述的由空气分离制取压力氧气和压力氮气附产液氩的工艺,其特征在于,净化后的空气冷却至饱和温度后进入下塔进行精馏,在下塔底部得到液空节流进入氩塔顶部的冷凝器作冷源,经过相变换热作纯氮塔的上升蒸汽;在下塔顶部得到的氮气进入冷凝蒸发器,被上塔底部液氧冷凝为液氮,冷凝后的液氮一部分进入下塔作回流液,其余液氮进入过冷器冷却,冷却后分为A1和A2两部分: A1进入纯氮塔作回流液参与纯氮塔的精馏,经过精馏在纯氮塔顶部得到压力氮气作为产品经过冷器和主换热器复热至常温后作为压力氮气产品送至用户。
3.如权利要求2所述的由空气分离制取压力氧气和压力氮气附产液氩的工艺,其特征在于,A2进入上塔作回流液参与上塔精馏。
4.如权利要求2所述的由空气分离制取压力氧气和压力氮气附产液氩的工艺,其特征在于,经过冷器冷却的液氮冷却后分为A1、A2和A3三部分,A3部分作为液氮产品取出。
5.如权利要求2所述的由空气分离制取压力氧气和压力氮气附产液氩的工艺,其特征在于,二级精馏系统上塔底部得到压力氧气经换热器复热至常温后进入增压透平膨胀机的增压端进行增压后作为压力氧气产品送至用户。
6.如权利要求5所述的由空气分离制取压力氧气和压力氮气附产液氩的工艺,其特征在于,在冷凝蒸发器底部得到液氧产品。
7.如权利要求5所述的由空气分离制取压力氧气和压力氮气附产液氩的工艺,其特征在于,上塔中部抽出氩馏分进入氩塔作为氩塔上升蒸汽,氩塔回流液来自氩塔顶部的冷凝器中被液空冷凝的液氩,经过精馏在氩塔底部的馏分液氩回流到上塔中部作为回流液,在氩塔上部抽出液氩作为产品送至用户。
8.如权利要求7所述的由空气分离制取压力氧气和压力氮气附产液氩的工艺,其特征在于,在纯氮塔底部得到富氧液空进入上塔中部作回流液参与上塔的精馏,氩塔顶部冷凝器中的液空进入上塔中部作回流液。
9.如权利要求8所述的由空气分离制取压力氧气和压力氮气附产液氩的工艺,其特征在于,在上塔上部得到废气经主换热器复热进入增压透平膨胀机的膨胀端进行膨胀做功为装置提供冷量,膨胀后的气体经主换热器复热后作为纯化系统再生气,多余部分去预冷系统蒸发致冷。
10.如权利要求1-9任一所述的由空气分离制取压力氧气和压力氮气附产液氩的工艺,其特征在于,原料空气经除杂后被空气压缩机压缩至0.6~0.9MPa(G),再预冷至空气温度为5-12℃,然后进入纯化系统进行净化。
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