CN102620453B - Unit heat pipe heat absorber and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Unit heat pipe heat absorber and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102620453B CN102620453B CN2012101035051A CN201210103505A CN102620453B CN 102620453 B CN102620453 B CN 102620453B CN 2012101035051 A CN2012101035051 A CN 2012101035051A CN 201210103505 A CN201210103505 A CN 201210103505A CN 102620453 B CN102620453 B CN 102620453B
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention relates to a unit heat pipe heat absorber for a space station solar heat power generation system and a manufacturing method thereof. The unit heat pipe heat absorber comprises a unit heat pipe, a plurality of phase change material (PCM) containers and a heat source heat exchanger, wherein the unit heat pipe comprises a heat absorption section, a heat storage section and a condensation section; the plurality of PCM containers are sleeved on the outer wall of the heat storage section of the unit heat pipe in a stacked manner; the heat source heat exchanger is sleeved on the outer wall of the condensation section of the unit heat pipe; micro grooves are formed on the combination surfaces between the unit heat pipe and the PCM containers and between the unit heat pipe and the heat source heat exchanger; welding fluxes are filled in the micro grooves; the parts are integrally welded together through the micro grooves; and the plurality of PCM containers are separated from one another through ceramic fiber gaskets. According to the heat pipe heat absorber, the temperature uniformity can be improved, and the PCM is used fully, so that the heat absorber is relatively light in mass, small in volume and high in efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of unit heat pipe receiver and preparation method thereof, more specifically, relate to unit heat pipe receiver of a kind of space station solar thermal power electricity generation system and preparation method thereof.
Technical background
Space technology is that the mankind carry out space operation, the comprehensive engineering in exploration, development and utilization outer space, it is one of science and technology with strongest influence power in the world today high-tech colony, it makes the mankind's activity scope expand to space from ground, has fundamentally changed people's the mode of thinking, the mode of production and life style.Since first An artificial satellite has been launched, space technology constantly was penetrated into the every field of mankind's activity, and the development of space science then brings the World Science technical development with brand-new visual angle.The space station will become the space flight developing goal of next stage as the space base of space exploration and spacefarer's space operation platform, and supply of electric power then is the basis of keeping the normal operation in space station and other solar-system operation.
At present, spacecraft generally adopts the power supply mode of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell battle array and chemical storage batteries combination.Solar-energy photo-voltaic cell paroxysm electric system photoelectric transformation efficiency is lower, and about 15% as the efficient of silion cell, though the photronic conversion efficiency of GaAs has reached 18.5%, cost is the nearly twice of silion cell.Along with the increase of power, photovoltaic cell battle array front face area will enlarge markedly, and make launch cost and track maintenance cost increase greatly; In addition, the life-span of battery is shorter, needs often to change at the space station run duration, has increased total operating cost.The solar thermal power electricity generation system is a kind of new spatial solar energy/electric energy converting system, and it is conversion of solar energy heat energy at first, is thermal power transfer mechanical energy by a kind of thermodynamic cycle then, drives generator and is converted into electric energy.Its advantage is that relative mass and front face area are little, energy conversion efficiency is higher, and gross efficiency can reach about 20.8%.The higher thermal efficiency means less intercepting sunlight area, also just mean the reduction of aerodynamic drag, this can reduce the number of times that LEO long-life spacecraft orbit promotes again, be conducive to than low orbit work, in the time of can making space shuttle contact flight, bigger delivered payload capability is arranged, lower unit mass launch cost.
Figure 1 shows that the operation principle of space station solar thermal power electricity generation system, it utilizes the amplitude transformer intercepting solar energy of parabolic type, and it is gathered in the cylindrical cavity of heat dump, be absorbed and convert heat energy to, wherein a part of thermal energy transfer is given cycle fluid, another part heat then is encapsulated in PCM (phase-change material, Phase Change Material) in a plurality of small containers and absorbs by fusing and store.The acting of expanding in turbine of cycle fluid after the heat absorption promotes the turbine rotation, drives generator for electricity generation.The cycle fluid that expands after doing work carries out heat exchange through regenerator and the high-pressure working medium of being come out by compressor, passes through the further heat elimination and cooling of working medium cooling system again, enters compressor compresses, through the regenerator preheating, enters heat dump again, finishes a cyclic process.The working medium cooling system is made up of working medium cooler, pump and radiator, and used heat mainly is discharged into the cosmic space by radiator.In the track shade phase, PCM solidifies heat release near transformation temperature, serves as hot machine thermal source and comes heat cycles working medium, makes the space station be in shade and still can continuous operation generate electricity during the phase.
The space station must be passed through the sun shade phase when orbital motion.Guarantee electricity generation system continuous running, power supply continuously, must adopt regenerative apparatus.In the solar thermal power electricity generation system, the parts that gather together with heat absorption, accumulation of heat, with three functions of working medium heat exchange are called heat dump.When spacecraft is in sunshine during the district, reflector collect solar energy and with solar energy collecting to the heat dump accent that is positioned at parabolic focus.After entering cavity, wherein part energy is used for heat cycles working medium, and another part is absorbed by heat storage medium and stores.After spacecraft entered the shadow region, heat storage medium gave off energy to cycle fluid, kept its outlet temperature more than the desired minimum peak temperature of circulation, made dynamical system in shadow region and the same operation generating in district at sunshine.The quality of heat dump accounts for 1/3 of electricity generation system total system quality greatly, and the quality that reduces heat dump has important meaning for the cost that reduces electricity generation system.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to the shortcoming and defect at the heat dump of existing space station solar thermal power electricity generation system, a kind of novel unit heat pipe receiver and preparation method thereof is provided, this heat pipe receiver can not only improve temperature homogeneity, and can fully effectively utilize phase-change material, this makes that the heat dump quality that becomes is light, volume is little, the efficient height.
For realizing above-mentioned target, according to an aspect of the present invention, the preparation method of a kind of unit heat pipe receiver is provided, described unit heat pipe receiver comprises unit heat pipe and a plurality of stacked suit and is welded on PCM container on the unit heat pipe outer wall, described unit heat pipe comprises endotherm section, heat accumulating sections and condensation segment, it is characterized in that described unit heat pipe receiver is made according to following steps:
1) processing and manufacturing unit heat pipe;
2) processing and manufacturing PCM container;
3) processing face of weld: form face of weld between the outer wall of unit heat pipe heat accumulation section and the inwall of PCM container, before welding, the accurately outer wall of machining cell heat pipe and the inwall of PCM container, and process micro-groove at the outer wall of unit heat pipe heat accumulation section;
4) PCM container suit: on the nestable outer wall that is loaded on unit heat pipe heat accumulation section of described a plurality of PCM container floors, separate with the ceramic fibre pad between the adjacent PCM container, and dose scolder in the micro-groove on unit heat pipe heat accumulation section outer wall; The thermal conductivity factor of fine pad is lower owing to make pottery, and has reduced the heat conduction influence between the PCM container, has improved the stress state of PCM chamber wall;
5) vacuum brazing: with suit PCM container and the unit heat pipe of dosing scolder to put into the vacuum drying oven melting be one.
The abundant compartmentation of PCM container is the key technology of heat absorption thermal storage device, the version manufacturing processing of this single sealing PCM container is easier to and quite high reliability is arranged, the destruction of individual PCM container can not have influence on other PCM container, and is very little to the influence that the heat dump performance produces.The small scale structures of PCM container has also reduced owing to PCM solidifies the formation hole causes place, PCM chamber wall hole to form the concentrated destruction of causing of high stress.
Further, described unit heat pipe receiver also comprises heat exchanger of heat source, described heat exchanger of heat source is sleeved on the outer wall of unit heat pipe condenser section, form solder side between the outer wall of unit heat pipe condenser section and the inwall of heat exchanger of heat source, on the outer wall of unit heat pipe condenser section, also be processed with micro-groove, in this micro-groove, also dosed scolder, with suit PCM container, heat exchanger of heat source and the unit heat pipe of dosing scolder to put into the vacuum drying oven melting be one.
Preferably, described scolder is the copper alloy scolder.
Preferably, described ceramic fibre pad is that thickness is the silicon carbide ceramics fiber pad of 0.51mm.
Further, the described unit of processing and manufacturing heat pipe as follows in the step 1) comprises:
(a) processing of thermotube shell: according to heat pipe diameter, wall thickness and the length of designing requirement, select for use suitable seamless pipe and two ends end socket as the part of thermotube shell, and at the seamless pipe inwall imbibition core is set; Preferably, described seamless pipe is the GH188 seamless pipe.Need to process at seamless pipe the axial slot of given size and number for the heat pipe of axial slot imbibition core form.
(b) cleaning of part: all parts are cleaned in rinse bath, and dry in the environment of no dust and grease after the cleaning, sealing is preserved then.In order to guarantee the normal operation of heat pipe, before assembling, all parts are all carried out strict cleaning.Cleaning is carried out in special stainless steel rinse bath, and washing lotion has trichloro-ethylene, alcohol, the mixed liquor of hydrogen peroxide and NaOH, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and distilled water etc.
(c) assembling: seamless pipe and end socket are welded, wherein be connected to the working medium intrusion pipe on the end socket of an end, in order to pour into working medium and last encapsulation, vacuum leak hunting is carried out to all weld seams in the welding back.In one embodiment of the invention, the working medium intrusion pipe is the nickel pipe of the annealed processing of an external diameter 8mm.Argon arc welding is all adopted in all welding, and the inside and outside side of weld seam part all need be used argon shield during welding, in case oxidation.All weld seams are carried out vacuum leak hunting, and leak rate is not more than 10
-8L/s.
(d) degasification: carry out vacuum degassing in the vacuum degassing stove of the assembling whole thermotube shell in back under 1000 ℃, to get rid of the gas that contains in the metal.Preferably, vacuum should be not less than 5 * 10 in whole degassing procedure
-6MmHg.
(e) distillation of working medium and perfusion: working medium is distilled purification, to remove the impurity in the working medium, before the perfusion working medium thermotube shell is received filling system and carry out forvacuum, vacuum is 10
-6The order of magnitude of mmHg fills then with a small amount of argon gas, closes high vacuum valve, makes system keep vacuum; The solid-state working medium of distil(l) in the heating working medium storage container utilizes pressure differential that liquid working substance is poured in the heat pipe after working medium melts fully, treats again heat pipe to be evacuated down to 10 after working medium in the heat pipe is cooled to solid
-6The order of magnitude of mmHg seals heat pipe then under high vacuum.In one embodiment of the invention, described working medium is sodium.For performance and the life-span of improving heat pipe, working medium sodium is distilled purification, in order to remove sodium oxide molybdena and other impurity, purity can successfully be moved in heat pipe than higher sodium.The preceding heat pipe parts of filling sodium are received filling system and are carried out forvacuum, and vacuum is 10
-6The order of magnitude of mmHg fills then with a small amount of argon gas, closes high vacuum valve, makes system keep quiet vacuum.The solid sodium of distil(l) in the heating storage sodium jar utilizes pressure differential that liquid sodium is poured in the heat pipe after sodium melts fully.Treat again heat pipe to be evacuated down to 10 after sodium cooling in the heat pipe becomes solid
-6MmHg seals under high vacuum then.
(f) baking: heat control at high temperature toasts in the vacuum degassing stove after doing to finish for a long time.Purpose is to make under the normal temperature to go in the capillary structure for the sodium metal of solid can well be penetrated into, and makes capillary structure fully wetting, otherwise heat pipe is difficult to start.Preferably, baking temperature is 800 ℃, and stoving time is 20 hours.
Further, step 2) the described PCM container of processing and manufacturing as follows in, the housing of described PCM container 2 comprises interior ring, outer shroud, bottom, top cover, the method for the described PCM container of processing and manufacturing comprises the steps:
(a) material previously treated: the case material to the PCM container carries out solution treatment under vacuum.Solution treatment is conducive to mechanical cold working on the one hand, and the alloy strength after the solution treatment is lower and plasticity is very high on the other hand, can reduce the sensitiveness of HOT CRACK FOR WELDING P.State has considerable influence to HOT CRACK FOR WELDING P sensitiveness before the weldering of high temperature alloy, and the fire check sensitiveness of solid solution condition high temperature alloy is less, the Cold Rolled Strip maximum.Alloy is soft attitude after the solution treatment, and its intensity is lower relatively and plasticity is higher, and welding stress and constraint (restraint) degree are less, so HOT CRACK FOR WELDING P sensitiveness is little under this state.Preferably, solid solubility temperature is arranged near the transformation temperature of part material, and solution time is 20min, and vacuum is 2 * 10
-3Pa, cooling velocity is smaller or equal to 30 ℃/min.
(b) processing parts: interior ring, outer shroud and bottom, the top cover of processing PCM container casing;
(c) steaming is washed: the part heating that processes is steamed wash, remove the oil stain that remains in piece surface in the working angles.Preferably, using trichloro-ethylene that the part that processes is steamed washes.
(d) heat treatment: the part after steaming washed is put into hydrogen furnace 1038 ℃ of following heat treatments, to reduce the oxide of piece surface, piece surface after the heat treatment forms the blue-black thin layer of one deck, this skim is found to have the element that does not have in some alloy compositions through elementary analysis, must further carry out surface treatment;
(e) sandblast: the piece surface after the heat treatment is carried out blasting treatment, and polishing then is until becoming pure alloy surface;
(f) clean: the part after will polishing carries out the ultrasonic wave disturbance and cleans, and dries in vacuum furnace then, uses the fine sandpaper polishing again behind the taking-up part from vacuum drying oven, uses the acetone wiped clean standby then;
(g) inner and outer rings and bottom are welded into open containers;
(h) PCM is filled under liquid state in the open containers until suitable quality, makes degassing processing simultaneously;
(i) encapsulation of PCM container and weld inspection.
Further, the PCM in the step (h) is prepared and fills according to following technology:
(j) preparation of PCM: selecting molar percentage for use is 80.5: 19.5 LiF and CaF
2The 80.5LiF-19.5CaF that forms
2Villiaumite is as PCM, this 80.5LiF-19.5CaF
2The fusing point of villiaumite is 1040K, with above-mentioned 80.5LiF-19.5CaF
2Villiaumite is put into vacuum furnace and is heated to more than the melting temperature 1040K, it is melted fully remove gas and the moisture that wherein is mingled with, and turning off vacuum furnace then, that it is condensed into is solid-state, be crushed into again diameter less than the particle of 0.5mm so that fill;
(k) filling of PCM: the 80.5LiF-19.5CaF that takes by weighing the design filling weight
2The villiaumite particle is packed in the open containers that processes, and puts into the vacuum furnace heat fused, again except turning off vacuum furnace after the aqueous vapor by PCM slow cooled and solidified in stove.
Further, in the step (g), adopt vacuum electron beam welding mode to weld between inner and outer rings and the bottom respectively, the commissure of interior ring and bottom, interior ring joint is that embedding with the level cooperates joint, the mating surface tolerance of interior ring joint and bottom is 0.3mm, and outer ring joint is tube sheet joint, adopts following technology during welding:
(l) tack welding of ring circular joint in: adopt the electron beam three-point fix, about the long 10mm of tack weld;
(m) welding of ring circular joint in: under the clamping action of frock, part is the welding that circular joint is finished in the axle rotation with the vertical direction.Frock plays the assembling clamping and prevents from being out of shape.Preferably, welding condition is: accelerating potential 60kV, line 11mA, focus current 595mA, speed of welding 18mm/s, working vacuum degree 2 * 10
-4Torr.
(n) welding of bottom and outer shroud girth joint: part is that the girth joint welding is finished in the axle rotation with the horizontal direction.Preferably, welding condition is: accelerating potential 60kV, line 13mA, focus current 618mA, speed of welding 18mm/s, working vacuum degree 2 * 10
-4Torr.
(o) weldquality detects: postwelding carries out the visualize weld appearance earlier to each bar weld seam and is shaped, and examines under a microscope its crizzle then, indivedual weld seams of finding micro-crack at microscopically is implemented argon tungsten-arc welding fill out GH188 material remelting reparation.
Further, in the step (i), following technology is adopted in the encapsulation of PCM container:
(p) deposited rear surface cleaning: because the LiF among the PCM has good wellability, needing the open containers after deposited is carried out removing surface, mainly is the cleaning to-be-welded region, adopts machining and manual grinding to handle to this.
(q) welded encapsulation of top cover and check: the open containers after the cleaning and top cover at first need tack welding, adopt the expansion electron-bombardment welding that outer shroud is positioned.Electron beam technology parameter when weld with bottom the back, location is finished the welding of top cover and inner and outer rings.And the butt welded seam quality detects.
Further, in the step (i), the leak detection of PCM container is used microscopic examination method, dyeing inspection method and micro-radiograph method and carries out: in the welding process, whether the intact together logical weld seam of every weldering in time has micro-crack with the microscopic examination check, if any then carrying out electron beam welding again; The PCM container that encapsulation is finished carries out the colouring inspection, finds that implementing argon tungsten-arc welding after defectiveness should be polished fills out GH188 remelting reparation; Use micro-microradiograph weld seam pattern such as penetration depth etc. again after all having welded.
According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of unit heat pipe receiver is provided, comprise unit heat pipe and a plurality of PCM container, described unit heat pipe comprises endotherm section, heat accumulating sections and condensation segment, it is characterized in that, described a plurality of PCM container floor is nestable to be contained on the outer wall of unit heat pipe heat accumulation section, on the outer wall of unit heat pipe heat accumulation section micro-groove is set, dosed scolder in the micro-groove, described a plurality of PCM container and unit heat pipe are integrally welded by described micro-groove, separate with the ceramic fibre pad between described a plurality of PCM containers.
Further, described unit heat pipe receiver also comprises heat exchanger of heat source, described heat exchanger of heat source is sleeved on the outer wall of unit heat pipe condenser section, on the outer wall of unit heat pipe condenser section, also be processed with micro-groove, also dosed scolder in this micro-groove, described heat exchanger of heat source and unit heat pipe are integrally welded by described micro-groove.
Preferably, described ceramic fibre pad is that thickness is the silicon carbide ceramics fiber pad of 0.51mm.
Further, the housing of described PCM container comprises interior ring, outer shroud, bottom, top cover, is connected together by electron beam welding between these parts.
Preferably, described PCM is that molar percentage is LiF and the CaF of 80.5:19.5
2The 80.5LiF-19.5CaF that forms
2Villiaumite.
Preferably, the working medium of described unit heat pipe is sodium.
Compare with prior art, unit of the present invention heat pipe receiver has following significant advantage: (1) this heat pipe receiver can not only improve temperature homogeneity, and can fully effectively utilize phase-change material, and this makes that the heat dump quality that becomes is light, and volume is little, the efficient height; (2) the version manufacturing processing of this single sealing PCM container is easier to and quite high reliability is arranged, the destruction of individual PCM container can not have influence on other PCM container, very little to the influence that the heat dump performance produces, the small scale structures of PCM container has also reduced owing to PCM solidifies the formation hole causes place, PCM chamber wall hole to form the concentrated destruction of causing of high stress.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is space station solar thermal power electricity generation system schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of unit of the present invention heat pipe receiver.
Fig. 3 is the cross sectional representation of heat pipe in the unit of the present invention heat pipe receiver.
Fig. 4 is the cross sectional representation of PCM container in the unit of the present invention heat pipe receiver.
Fig. 5 is PCM container casing welding line joint schematic diagram.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, further illustrate the present invention, should understand these embodiment only is used for explanation the present invention and is not used in and limits the scope of the invention, after having read the present invention, those skilled in the art all fall within the application's claims institute restricted portion to the modification of the various equivalent form of values of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 2, unit of the present invention heat pipe receiver, comprise unit heat pipe 1 and a plurality of PCM container 2, described unit heat pipe 1 comprises endotherm section, heat accumulating sections and condensation segment, described a plurality of PCM container 2 is stacked to be sleeved on the outer wall of unit heat pipe 1 heat accumulating sections, on the outer wall of unit heat pipe 1 heat accumulating sections micro-groove is set, and has dosed scolder in the micro-groove, described a plurality of PCM container 2 and unit heat pipe 1 are integrally welded by described micro-groove, separate with the ceramic fibre pad between described a plurality of PCM containers 2.
Production unit heat pipe receiver as follows:
The manufacturing of one .PCM container and encapsulation
1.PCM the manufacturing process of container
The cross section of PCM container at first carries out solution treatment to container material as shown in Figure 4 under vacuum, be conducive on the one hand mechanical cold working, and the alloy strength after the solution treatment is lower and plasticity is very high on the other hand, can reduce the sensitiveness of HOT CRACK FOR WELDING P.It is good with interior ring, outer shroud and top cover, 4 part processing of bottom to press part drawing then.The manufacture process of a complete PCM container comprises: the preparation of open containers, PCM deposited and fill, the welding encapsulation of container and leak detection or the welding inspection of container.
The processing main points of each part of PCM container are as follows:
(1) processes each part by part drawing; (2) (available trichloro-ethylene) washed in the part heating steaming that processes, purpose is to remove the oil stain that remains in piece surface in the working angles; (3) part that steams after washing is put into hydrogen furnace 1038 ℃ of following heat treatments, to reduce the oxide of piece surface, piece surface after the heat treatment forms the blue-black thin layer of one deck, this skim is found to have the element that does not have in some alloy compositions through elementary analysis, must further carry out surface treatment; (4) to the piece surface blasting treatment, polishing then is until becoming pure alloy surface; (5) the part ultrasonic wave disturbance after the polishing is cleaned, and dries in vacuum furnace then; (6) from vacuum drying oven, use the fine sandpaper polishing again behind the taking-up part, use the acetone wiped clean standby then; (7) inner and outer rings and bottom are welded into vacuum electron beam are open containers; (8) PCM is filled under liquid state in the open containers until suitable quality, makes degassing processing simultaneously; (9) encapsulation of container and weld inspection.
2.PCM preparation with fill technology
PCM adopts villiaumite 80.5LiF-19.5CaF
2(molar percentage), its fusing point are 1040K.Below for filling technology point: the preparation of (1) PCM, with villiaumite 80.5LiF-19.5CaF
2Put into vacuum furnace and be heated to more than the melting temperature 1040K, it is melted fully remove gas and the moisture that wherein is mingled with, turning off electric furnace then, that it is condensed into is solid-state, be crushed into again diameter less than the particle of 0.5mm so that fill.(2) filling of PCM takes by weighing-Dings quality (design filling weight) 80.5LiF-19.5CaF
2Particle is packed in the open containers that processes, and puts into the vacuum furnace heat fused, again except turning off electric furnace after the aqueous vapor by PCM slow cooled and solidified in stove.
3. vacuum electron beam welding technology
(1) high temperature alloy welding characteristic, the metallurgical imperfection to welding quality influence maximum that runs into during the high temperature alloy welding is the welding point fire check.Fire check sensitiveness is as the main criterion of estimating the high temperature alloy welding performance.Fire check is mainly weld metal solidification cracking and liquation crack and heat affected area along brilliant crackle, in the high temperature use, may form reheat crack(ing) or strain-age cracking.The all influences bigger to being formed with of HOT CRACK FOR WELDING P of factors such as the constraint (restraint) degree of the chemical analysis of high temperature alloy, institutional framework, metallurgical quality, weldment (containing joint form), condition of heat treatment, welding condition.Exist metallurgical imperfection and metallurgical technology improper in the alloy, influential to its welding quality.The alloy of general employing vacuum metling can be avoided forming in the welding process low-melting eutectic and gather partially in crystal boundary, and fire check sensitiveness is less.In addition, the grain size of alloy and tissue also have influence to HOT CRACK FOR WELDING P sensitiveness, and the tiny alloy sensitiveness of grain size is less.
Welding technique main points: 1) thoroughly remove to-be-welded region oxide on surface and other dirt before the weldering, pay special attention to the micro Cu pollution and can cause that weld metal forms fire check.2) adopt lower weld heat input technological parameter welding.(2) device procedure arrangement is finished the welding procedure of device, and its operation is prepared and after welding treatment before also comprising weldering except welding procedure.The operation technical essential is as follows: before the weldering heat treatment → joint form determine and the welding → bottom of the design of machining → frock clamp and machining → piece surface processings → bottom tack welding → bottom to be welded and interior ring in outside girth joint quality Non-Destructive Testing → bottom and the outer shroud welding → bottom the interior boxing of cleaning → top cover tack welding → top cover of the filling of girth joint Non-Destructive Testing → PCM → open containers and remaining deposit connect → top cover outer shroud welding → postwelding clears up and processes.(3) heat treatment before the weldering, state has considerable influence to HOT CRACK FOR WELDING P sensitiveness before the weldering of high temperature alloy, and the fire check sensitiveness of solid solution condition high temperature alloy is less, the Cold Rolled Strip maximum.Alloy is soft attitude after the solution treatment, and its intensity is lower relatively and plasticity is higher, and welding stress and constraint (restraint) degree are less, so HOT CRACK FOR WELDING P sensitiveness is little under this state.For preventing that the sweating heat line from producing, need part to be taked solution treatment under the vacuum condition, solid solubility temperature: near the transformation temperature; Solution time: 20min; Vacuum: 2 * 10
-3Pa; Cooling velocity :≤30 ℃/min.(4) welding point design, as shown in Figure 5, interior ring joint is that embedding with the level cooperates joint, mating surface tolerance 0.3mm, this joint are common electro-beam welding joint form.(5) welding of open containers, 1) the interior tack welding that encircles circular joint, adopt the electron beam three-point fix, about the long 10mm of tack weld.2) welding of ring circular joint in, under the clamping action of frock, part is the welding that circular joint is finished in the axle rotation with the vertical direction.Welding condition: accelerating potential 60kV, line 11mA, focus current 595mA, speed of welding 18mm/s, working vacuum degree 2 * 10
-4Torr.Frock plays the assembling clamping and prevents from being out of shape.3) welding of bottom and outer shroud girth joint, part are that the girth joint welding is finished in the axle rotation with the horizontal direction.Welding condition: accelerating potential 60kV, line 13mA, focus current 618mA, speed of welding 18mm/s, working vacuum degree 2 * 10
-4Torr.4) weldquality detects, and postwelding carries out the visualize weld appearance earlier to each bar weld seam and is shaped, and examines under a microscope its crizzle then.Indivedual weld seams of finding micro-crack at microscopically are implemented argon tungsten-arc welding fill out GH188 material remelting reparation.(6) encapsulation of container: 1) deposited rear surface cleaning because the good wellability of LiF needs deposited after-opening container is cleared up, mainly is the cleaning to-be-welded region, adopts machining and manual grinding to handle to this.2) welded encapsulation of upper end cover and check, the open containers after the cleaning and top cover at first need tack welding, adopt the expansion electron-bombardment welding that outer shroud is positioned.Electron beam technology parameter when weld with bottom the back, location is finished the welding of top cover and inner and outer rings.The initial survey of weldquality is the same.(7) container leak detection technology, the available microscopic examination of the leak detection of container, dyeing inspection method and 3 kinds of detection means of micro-radiograph cooperate carries out.In the welding process, whether the intact together logical weld seam of every weldering in time has micro-crack with the microscopic examination check, if any carrying out electron beam welding again.The PCM container that encapsulation is finished carries out the colouring inspection, finds that implementing argon tungsten-arc welding after defectiveness should be polished fills out GH188 remelting reparation.Use micro-microradiograph weld seam pattern such as penetration depth etc. again after all having welded.It is to check the effective method of steel alloy face of weld tiny flaw that oil oozes the dyeing inspection method, it mainly is to use pigment to refuel and makes bleeding agent, the collodion that volatility is stronger can adsorb oil, acetone etc. are as developer, its sensitivity is very high, the invisible crystal boundary micro-flaw of naked eyes can check out, and easy to use.Table 1 is depicted as oil and oozes painted formula table.
Its method of operating is, at first clears up surface to be checked to sending the metallic luster degree, coats bleeding agent with hairbrush, behind 2～3min, conscientiously carefully bleeding agent wiped clean with clean cloth, is coated with developer, only treats a moment, and developer is namely dry.As defectiveness, can show red streak or spot at the white end.After checking out, thoroughly clean the inspection surface with acetone.
Table 1 oil oozes painted formula table
Two. the manufacturing of unit heat pipe
Complete unit heat pipe manufacture process should comprise: the manufacturing processing of thermotube shell, the encapsulation of sodium working medium.The manufacturing process of heat pipe comprises: the processing of (1) thermotube shell, heat pipe diameter, wall thickness and length according to designing requirement, select for use suitable GH188 seamless pipe and two ends end socket as the part of thermotube shell, then also need to process at seamless pipe the axial slot of given size and number for axial slot heat exchanger core heat pipe, as shown in Figure 2, wherein, 1-1 is housing, 1-2 is the axial slot heat exchanger core of heat pipe, and 1-3 is vapor chamber.(2) cleaning of part in order to guarantee the normal operation of heat pipe, is all carried out strict cleaning to all parts before assembling.Cleaning is carried out in special stainless steel rinse bath, and washing lotion has trichloro-ethylene, alcohol, the mixed liquor of hydrogen peroxide and NaOH, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and distilled water etc.Clean in sequence, last dry in the environment of no dust and grease, sealing is preserved then.(3) seamless pipe and end socket are welded in assembling, wherein are connected to the nickel pipe of the annealed processing of an external diameter 8mm on one section the end socket, in order to pour into sodium and last encapsulation.Argon arc welding is all adopted in all welding.Welding is that the inside and outside side of weld seam part all need be used argon shield, in case oxidation.All weld seams are carried out vacuum leak hunting, and leak rate is not more than 10
-8L/s.(4) degasification is carried out vacuum degassing in the vacuum degassing stove of the assembling whole parts in back under 1000 ℃, to get rid of the gas that contains in the metal.Vacuum should be not less than 5 * 10 in whole degassing procedure
-6MmHg.(5) distillation of sodium and perfusion for performance and the life-span of improving heat pipe, are distilled purification to working medium sodium, in order to remove sodium oxide molybdena and other impurity, purity can successfully be moved in heat pipe than higher sodium.The preceding heat pipe parts of filling sodium are received filling system and are carried out forvacuum, and vacuum is 10
-6The order of magnitude of mmHg fills then with a small amount of argon gas, closes high vacuum valve, makes system keep quiet vacuum.The solid sodium of distil(l) in the heating storage sodium jar utilizes pressure differential that liquid sodium is poured in the heat pipe after sodium melts fully.Treat again heat pipe to be evacuated down to 10 after sodium cooling in the heat pipe becomes solid
-6MmHg seals under high vacuum then.(6) baking, heat control are at high temperature toasted after doing to finish for a long time.Purpose is to make under the normal temperature to go in the capillary structure for the sodium metal of solid can well be penetrated into, and makes capillary structure fully wetting, otherwise heat pipe is difficult to start.Baking is carried out in the vacuum degassing stove.Baking temperature is 800 ℃, and stoving time is 20 hours.
Three. the assembling of unit heat pipe receiver
The inwall of PCM container and heat pipe outer wall need be through accurately processing, and process micro-groove at heat pipe 1 outer wall and dose the copper alloy scolder, with 24 small containers, 2 stacked being set on the heat pipe 1, are placed on that melting is one in the vacuum drying oven.Can not weld together between the adjacent container 2, but be that the silicon carbide ceramics fiber pad of 1mm separates with thickness, because the thermal conductivity factor of the fine pad of making pottery is lower, reduce the heat conduction influence between container, improve the stress state of chamber wall.The abundant compartmentation of PCM container is the key technology of heat absorption thermal storage device, the version manufacturing of this single airtight container processing is easier to and quite high reliability is arranged, the destruction of individual container can not have influence on other container, and is very little to the influence that the heat dump performance produces.The small scale structures of container has also reduced owing to PCM solidifies the formation hole causes place, chamber wall hole to form the concentrated destruction of causing of high stress.
The assembling procedure of unit heat pipe receiver comprises: the processing of (1) face of weld, before welding, the inwall of PCM container 2, heat exchanger of heat source 3 inwalls and heat pipe 1 outer wall need be processed through accurate, and process micro-groove at heat pipe outer wall, and dose the copper alloy scolder.(2) PCM container suit with a plurality of PCM container 2 stacked being set on heat pipe 1 heat accumulating sections, being that the silicon carbide ceramics fiber pad of 0.51mm separates with thickness between the adjacent container 2, and dosing the copper alloy scolder in the micro-groove of heat pipe outer wall.(3) heat exchanger of heat source suit is set in heat exchanger of heat source 3 on the heat pipe condenser section, doses the copper alloy scolder in the micro-groove of heat pipe outer wall.(4) vacuum brazing, with suit PCM container 2 and heat exchanger of heat source 3 and the unit heat pipe 1 of dosing scolder to put into the vacuum drying oven melting be one.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (25)
1. the preparation method of a unit heat pipe receiver, described unit heat pipe receiver comprises unit heat pipe and a plurality of stacked suit and is welded on PCM container on the unit heat pipe outer wall, described unit heat pipe comprises endotherm section, heat accumulating sections and condensation segment, it is characterized in that described unit heat pipe receiver is made according to following steps:
1) processing and manufacturing unit heat pipe;
2) processing and manufacturing PCM container;
3) processing face of weld: form face of weld between the outer wall of unit heat pipe heat accumulation section and the inwall of PCM container, before welding, the accurately outer wall of machining cell heat pipe and the inwall of PCM container, and process micro-groove at the outer wall of unit heat pipe heat accumulation section;
4) PCM container suit: on the nestable outer wall that is loaded on unit heat pipe heat accumulation section of described a plurality of PCM container floors, separate with the ceramic fibre pad between the adjacent PCM container, and dose scolder in the micro-groove on unit heat pipe heat accumulation section outer wall;
5) vacuum brazing: with suit PCM container and the unit heat pipe of dosing scolder to put into the vacuum drying oven melting be one;
Described unit heat pipe receiver also comprises heat exchanger of heat source, described heat exchanger of heat source is sleeved on the outer wall of unit heat pipe condenser section, form solder side between the outer wall of unit heat pipe condenser section and the inwall of heat exchanger of heat source, on the outer wall of unit heat pipe condenser section, also be processed with micro-groove, in this micro-groove, also dosed scolder, with suit PCM container, heat exchanger of heat source and the unit heat pipe of dosing scolder to put into the vacuum drying oven melting be one.
2. the preparation method of unit according to claim 1 heat pipe receiver is characterized in that described scolder is the copper alloy scolder.
3. the preparation method of unit according to claim 1 heat pipe receiver is characterized in that described ceramic fibre pad is that thickness is the silicon carbide ceramics fiber pad of 0.51 mm.
4. the preparation method of unit according to claim 1 heat pipe receiver is characterized in that, the described unit of processing and manufacturing heat pipe as follows in the step 1) comprises:
(a) processing of thermotube shell: according to heat pipe diameter, wall thickness and the length of designing requirement, select for use suitable seamless pipe and two ends end socket as the part of thermotube shell, and at the seamless pipe inwall imbibition core is set;
(b) cleaning of part: all parts are cleaned in rinse bath, and dry in the environment of no dust and grease after the cleaning, sealing is preserved then;
(c) assembling: seamless pipe and end socket are welded, wherein be connected to the working medium intrusion pipe on the end socket of an end, in order to pour into working medium and last encapsulation, vacuum leak hunting is carried out to all weld seams in the welding back;
(d) degasification: carry out vacuum degassing in the vacuum degassing stove of the assembling whole thermotube shell in back under 1000 ℃, to get rid of the gas that contains in the metal;
(e) distillation of working medium and perfusion: working medium is distilled purification, to remove the impurity in the working medium, before the perfusion working medium thermotube shell is received filling system and carry out forvacuum, vacuum is 10
-6The order of magnitude of mmHg fills then with a small amount of argon gas, closes high vacuum valve, makes system keep vacuum; The solid-state working medium of distil(l) in the heating working medium storage container utilizes pressure differential that liquid working substance is poured in the heat pipe after working medium melts fully, treats again heat pipe to be evacuated down to 10 after working medium in the heat pipe is cooled to solid
-6The order of magnitude of mmHg seals heat pipe then under high vacuum;
(f) baking: heat control at high temperature toasts in the vacuum degassing stove after doing to finish for a long time.
5. the preparation method of unit according to claim 4 heat pipe receiver is characterized in that described seamless pipe is the GH188 seamless pipe.
6. the preparation method of unit according to claim 4 heat pipe receiver is characterized in that described unit heat pipe is axial slot imbibition core heat pipe, needs the axial slot at seamless pipe processing given size and number in the step (a).
7. the preparation method of unit according to claim 4 heat pipe receiver is characterized in that, in the step (b), cleaning is carried out in special stainless steel rinse bath, and washing lotion is trichloro-ethylene, alcohol, the mixed liquor of hydrogen peroxide and NaOH, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or distilled water.
8. the preparation method of unit according to claim 4 heat pipe receiver is characterized in that the nickel pipe of the annealed processing that described working medium intrusion pipe is an external diameter 8mm.
9. the preparation method of unit according to claim 4 heat pipe receiver is characterized in that in the step (c), argon arc welding is all adopted in all welding, and the inside and outside side of weld seam part all need be used argon shield during welding, in case oxidation; All weld seams are carried out vacuum leak hunting, and leak rate is not more than 10
-8L/s.
10. the preparation method of unit according to claim 4 heat pipe receiver is characterized in that in the step (d), vacuum is not less than 5 * 10 in the whole degassing procedure
-6MmHg.
11. the preparation method of unit according to claim 4 heat pipe receiver, it is characterized in that, in the step (e), described working medium is sodium, the solid sodium of distil(l) in the heating storage sodium jar, utilize pressure differential that liquid sodium is poured in the heat pipe after sodium melts fully, treat again heat pipe to be evacuated down to 10 after sodium cooling in the heat pipe becomes solid
-6MmHg seals under high vacuum then.
12. the preparation method of unit according to claim 4 heat pipe receiver is characterized in that, in the step (f), baking temperature is 800 ℃, and stoving time is 20 hours.
13. the preparation method of unit according to claim 1 heat pipe receiver, it is characterized in that, step 2) the described PCM container of processing and manufacturing as follows in, the housing of described PCM container comprises interior ring, outer shroud, bottom, top cover, and the method for the described PCM container of processing and manufacturing comprises the steps:
(a) material previously treated: the case material to the PCM container carries out solution treatment under vacuum;
(b) processing parts: interior ring, outer shroud and bottom, the top cover of processing PCM container casing;
(c) steaming is washed: the part heating that processes is steamed wash, remove the oil stain that remains in piece surface in the working angles;
(d) heat treatment: the part after steaming washed is put into hydrogen furnace 1038 ℃ of following heat treatments, to reduce the oxide of piece surface;
(e) sandblast: the piece surface after the heat treatment is carried out blasting treatment, and polishing then is until becoming pure alloy surface;
(f) clean: the part after will polishing carries out the ultrasonic wave disturbance and cleans, and dries in vacuum furnace then, uses the fine sandpaper polishing again behind the taking-up part from vacuum drying oven, uses the acetone wiped clean standby then;
(g) inner and outer rings and bottom are welded into open containers;
(h) PCM is filled under liquid state in the open containers until suitable quality, makes degassing processing simultaneously;
(i) encapsulation of PCM container and weld inspection.
14. the preparation method of unit according to claim 13 heat pipe receiver is characterized in that, in the step (a), solid solubility temperature is arranged near the transformation temperature of part material, and solution time is 20 min, and vacuum is 2 * 10
-3Pa, cooling velocity is smaller or equal to 30 ℃/min.
15. the preparation method of unit according to claim 13 heat pipe receiver is characterized in that, the PCM in the step (h) is prepared and fills according to following technology:
(j) preparation of PCM: selecting molar percentage for use is LiF and the CaF of 80.5:19.5
2The 80.5LiF-19.5CaF that forms
2Villiaumite is as PCM, this 80.5LiF-19.5CaF
2The fusing point of villiaumite is 1040 K, with above-mentioned 80.5LiF-19.5CaF
2Villiaumite is put into vacuum furnace and is heated to more than melting temperature 1040 K, it is melted fully remove gas and the moisture that wherein is mingled with, and turning off vacuum furnace then, that it is condensed into is solid-state, be crushed into again diameter less than the particle of 0.5 mm so that fill;
(k) filling of PCM: the 80.5LiF-19.5CaF that takes by weighing the design filling weight
2The villiaumite particle is packed in the open containers that processes, and puts into the vacuum furnace heat fused, again except turning off vacuum furnace after the aqueous vapor by PCM slow cooled and solidified in stove.
16. the preparation method of unit according to claim 13 heat pipe receiver, it is characterized in that, in the step (g), adopt vacuum electron beam welding mode to weld between inner and outer rings and the bottom respectively, the commissure of interior ring and bottom, interior ring joint is that embedding with the level cooperates joint, and outer ring joint is tube sheet joint, adopts following technology during welding:
(l) tack welding of ring circular joint in: adopt the electron beam three-point fix, tack weld is about 10 mm;
(m) welding of bottom and interior ring circular joint: under the clamping of frock, part is the welding that circular joint is finished in the axle rotation with the vertical direction;
(n) welding of bottom and outer shroud girth joint: part is that the girth joint welding is finished in the axle rotation with the horizontal direction;
(o) weldquality detects: postwelding carries out the visualize weld appearance earlier to each bar weld seam and is shaped, and examines under a microscope its crizzle then, the weld seam of finding micro-crack at microscopically is implemented argon tungsten-arc welding fill out GH188 material remelting reparation.
17. the preparation method of unit according to claim 16 heat pipe receiver is characterized in that, during the welding of bottom and interior ring circular joint, welding condition is: accelerating potential 60 kV, line 11 mA, focus current 595 mA, speed of welding 18 mm/s, working vacuum degree 2 * 10
-4Torr; The welding of bottom and outer girth joint, welding condition is: accelerating potential 60 kV, line 13 mA, focus current 618 mA, speed of welding 18 mm/s, working vacuum degree 2 * 10
-4Torr.
18. the preparation method of unit according to claim 13 heat pipe receiver is characterized in that, in the step (i), following technology is adopted in the encapsulation of PCM container:
(p) deposited rear surface cleaning: because the LiF among the PCM has good wellability, need the open containers after deposited is carried out removing surface, mainly clear up to-be-welded region, adopt machining to handle in conjunction with manual grinding;
(q) welded encapsulation of top cover and check: the open containers after the cleaning and top cover at first need tack welding, adopt the expansion electron-bombardment welding that outer shroud is positioned, electron beam technology parameter when weld with bottom the back, location is finished the welding of top cover and inner and outer rings, and the butt welded seam quality detects.
19. the preparation method of unit according to claim 13 heat pipe receiver, it is characterized in that, in the step (i), the leak detection of PCM container is used in combination microscopic examination method, dyeing inspection method and micro-radiograph method and carries out: in the welding process, whether the intact together logical weld seam of every weldering in time has micro-crack with the microscopic examination check, if any then carrying out electron beam welding again; The PCM container that encapsulation is finished carries out the colouring inspection, finds that implementing argon tungsten-arc welding after defectiveness should be polished fills out GH188 remelting reparation; Use micro-microradiograph weld seam pattern again after all having welded.
20. the unit heat pipe receiver according to the preparation method made of the described unit of above-mentioned each claim heat pipe receiver, it is characterized in that, described unit heat pipe receiver comprises unit heat pipe and a plurality of PCM container, described unit heat pipe comprises endotherm section, heat accumulating sections and condensation segment, described a plurality of PCM container floor is nestable to be contained on the outer wall of unit heat pipe heat accumulation section, on the outer wall of unit heat pipe heat accumulation section micro-groove is set, dosed scolder in the micro-groove, described a plurality of PCM container and unit heat pipe are integrally welded by described micro-groove, separate with the ceramic fibre pad between described a plurality of PCM containers.
21. unit according to claim 20 heat pipe receiver, it is characterized in that, described unit heat pipe receiver also comprises heat exchanger of heat source, described heat exchanger of heat source is sleeved on the outer wall of unit heat pipe condenser section, on the outer wall of unit heat pipe condenser section, also be processed with micro-groove, also dosed scolder in this micro-groove, described heat exchanger of heat source and unit heat pipe are integrally welded by described micro-groove.
22. unit according to claim 20 heat pipe receiver is characterized in that, described ceramic fibre pad is that thickness is the silicon carbide ceramics fiber pad of 0.51 mm.
23. unit according to claim 20 heat pipe receiver is characterized in that the housing of described PCM container comprises interior ring, outer shroud, bottom, top cover, is connected together by electron beam welding between these parts.
24. unit according to claim 20 heat pipe receiver is characterized in that, described PCM is that molar percentage is LiF and the CaF of 80.5:19.5
2The 80.5LiF-19.5CaF that forms
2Villiaumite.
25. unit according to claim 20 heat pipe receiver is characterized in that, the working medium of described unit heat pipe is sodium.
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| CN103629961A (en) * | 2012-08-21 | 2014-03-12 | 邱维廉 | Uniform temperature plate and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102967162B (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2015-01-21 | 上海交通大学 | Heat storage pipe of internally provided with phase change material |
| CN103743021B (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2016-01-13 | 中国石油大学(华东) | New blower fan of discontinuous fin separate heat pipe and preparation method thereof |
| CN106312487B (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2018-06-08 | 北京空间飞行器总体设计部 | A kind of distribution thermal-arrest panel forming method |
| CN109128418B (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2020-11-10 | 四川长虹空调有限公司 | Welding process of heat pipe |
| CN113388753B (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2022-01-04 | 沈伟 | Alloy with capillary structure and preparation method thereof |
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