CN102618771B - High-speed train pantograph sliding block material - Google Patents

High-speed train pantograph sliding block material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102618771B
CN102618771B CN 201210065849 CN201210065849A CN102618771B CN 102618771 B CN102618771 B CN 102618771B CN 201210065849 CN201210065849 CN 201210065849 CN 201210065849 A CN201210065849 A CN 201210065849A CN 102618771 B CN102618771 B CN 102618771B
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sliding block
performance
sic
copper
good
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CN102618771A (en
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何国求
刘晓山
赵小根
刘斌
张玉刚
袁永立
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Tongji University
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Tongji University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a novel high-speed train pantograph sliding block material, belonging to the technical field of metallic functional materials. The novel high-speed train pantograph sliding block material is characterized in that the alloy material comprises the following compositions in mass percent: 7-13 percent of Ti3SiC2, 0.9-3.1 percent of C and the balance of Cu. A pantograph sliding block which is made of the material provided by the invention has the advantages of excellent friction antifriction performance, good self-lubricating performance, good conductive performance, good arc burning loss resistance, good weather resistance, higher strength and rigidity, simple manufacturing process, good machining performance and low cost. When the material is used for a conductive system of a high-speed train, the conductive system can adapt to severe environments such as high temperature, high speed, heavy load, large impact and poor lubrication, the performance indexes of the high-speed train sliding block are realized, and the material is of a great practical significance to guaranteeing the safety and the normal work of the train and reducing the operating cost of a high-speed railway system.

Description

The high-speed train pantograph sliding block material
Technical field
The present invention relates to exploitation and the application of novel material, belong to the Metallic Functional Materials technical field.
Background technology
High-speed railway is a kind of novel rail transit system that China gives priority to, this system is the electric power flog system, F-Zero can reach more than the 350km/h, has the advantages such as transportcapacity is large, speed is fast, safety performance is good, energy consumption is low, pollution is light, and the superiority of not replacing is arranged.The development of bullet train has proposed higher performance requriements to its key part-pantograph slide block, such as high conduction, high abrasion, shock-resistant.About the still deep research of shortage system of preparation, structure and performance of this parts, all there are problems in actual use in existing sliding block material at present, and the sliding block material of China's practical application adopts imported product mostly at present.
Find that through the retrieval to prior art Chinese invention patent (CN200810136998) discloses a kind of high strength, high conduction, high heat conduction, resistance to oxidation, anti-melting welding, anti-electrical arc erosion and electric life is long and Cu/Ti that have the self-lubricating ability 3SiC 2Contact material and preparation technology thereof.Cu/ Ti 3SiC 2Contact material is to be 0.01～80.0% Ti by pure copper powder or copper alloy powder and weight percent 3SiC 2Powder prepares by powder metallurgy process method.But this material under high-speed and high-temperature, Ti 3SiC 2Resolve into easily hard impurity TiC and Ti 3SiC 2The high temperature aggregate all can have very big impact to polishing machine.Though the disclosed sliding block material of all the other prior aries all has the copper based powder metallurgy material of certain wear resisting property and conductivity, but Composition And Process is relatively more traditional, and being difficult to has than quantum jump in performance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of Novel high-speed train pantograph sliding block material is provided, when being applied on the bullet train conducting system, can adapt to high temperature, at a high speed, the severe environment such as heavy duty, large impact, insufficient lubrication, satisfy the property indices of bullet train slide block.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions, and the composition of this alloy material consists of copper (Cu), titanium silicon-carbon (Ti 3SiC 2), graphite (C), its quality percentage composition of each element is as follows:
Ti 3SiC 2 7~13%，
C 2.9-3.1%，
The Cu surplus.
Preferably, described titanium silicon-carbon (Ti 3SiC 2) its account for and mix after copper based powder metallurgy material quality percentage composition of the present invention be 10%.
Preferably, described graphite (C) determines that it accounts for the rear copper based powder metallurgy material quality percentage composition of the present invention of mixing is 3%, and namely 3% content of graphite is the best content of graphite of copper based powder metallurgy material of the present invention.
The selection of the powder particle magnitude range of each elementary composition is not that the present invention contributes prior art, and according to existing conventional theoretical, powder is thinner, and pressed density is larger, behind the sintering, hole is little, organizes finer and close, performance is better, but powder is thinner, and required pressing force is also larger.The powder particle scope is selected in 200 conventional orders to all applicable between 600 orders.
Described copper is tesseral system, and copper type cubic crystal structure is arranged, and has good wear-resistant, ductility, heat conduction and electroconductibility, is present most widely used conduction current-collecting member.
Described graphite is six side's laminate structures, have the characteristics such as good conduction, heat conduction, anticorrosive, radiation hardness, high-low temperature resistant, but matter is crisp, and intensity is low.Be widely used in the electro-conductive material field, outstanding electricity was led because it had both kept, thermal conductivity, had again solid lubricant performance and anti-melting welding effect.
Described titanium silicon-carbon (Ti 3SiC 2) be a kind of novel tertiary laminate ceramic, have metal and ceramic performance concurrently.High-yield strength, high-melting-point, high thermal stability and hot strength and good anti-oxidant, thermal shock resistance and corrosion resistance nature, have again simultaneously high heat conductance and specific conductivity, machining property is good, and good high-temp plastic is than graphite lower frictional coefficient and better self-lubricating property.
The present invention adopts traditional powder metallurgy process method preparation: carry out compacting sintering technique according to technique scheme alloy ingredient proportioning, the copper titanium silicon-carbon powdered graphite metallurgical material of producing can satisfy high-speed train pantograph slide block performance requriements, and material property characteristics of the present invention are as follows:
Impelling strength Tensile strength Density Rockwell Hardness Frictional coefficient Electric conductivity
1.8~2.7J/cm 2 90~110MPa 5.5~6.5g/cm 3 70~80HB 0.38 74%-75%IACS
The pantograph sliding block material of being made by material of the present invention has good antifriction performance, self-lubricating property, conductivity, anti-electrical arc erosion performance, weather resistance and higher strength and stiffness, and complete processing is simple, machining property is good, and is with low cost.When this kind material is applied on the bullet train conducting system, can adapt to high temperature, at a high speed, the severe environment such as heavy duty, large impact, insufficient lubrication, realized the property indices of bullet train slide block, the safety normal operation that guarantees train and the operation cost that reduces high-speed railways have been had great realistic meaning.
The metallurgical sliding material of copper titanium silicon-carbon powdered graphite of the present invention is at first in the application that succeeds of high-speed railway circuit, the ring header, armature, rotor, the empty frame wire of electric locomotive etc. that progressively its range of application are expanded on this basis contact, the engine of the lead frame of unicircuit, various welding electrode, electric switch are located, in order to fully realize use value and the economic benefits of this kind material.
Innovative point of the present invention:
(1) by theoretical analysis and practical exploration, prepared the metallurgical sliding block material of copper titanium silicon-carbon powdered graphite, be applied to the bullet train system, all satisfy practical application request by this material properties of lot of experiment validation.
(2) by material preparation and research, illustrated the rule of the metallurgical sliding material weave construction of copper titanium silicon-carbon powdered graphite.
(3) by frictional wear and microcosmic microscope experiment (friction and wear behavior test and SEM observe pattern), verified friction and wear behavior and the microscopic mechanism of copper titanium silicon-carbon graphite alloy material.Test by quadrature analysis, utilization report to the leadship after accomplishing a task analyze and the range analysis method on the impact effect of slip velocity, current density and load, affect in proper order and significance is discussed, and infer reciprocal effect between each factor, and inquire into the complicacy of these material current-carrying wearing and tearing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the metallographic structure photo that embodiment 1 material adopts the LWD200-4C opticmicroscope to take, and magnification is 400 times.
Fig. 2 is the metallographic structure photo that embodiment 2 materials adopt the LWD200-4C opticmicroscope to take, and magnification is 400 times.
Fig. 3 is the metallographic structure photo that embodiment 3 materials adopt the LWD200-4C opticmicroscope to take, and magnification is 400 times.
Fig. 4, Fig. 5 are the stereoscan photograph that embodiment 1 fret wear surface adopts the S-2360N scanning electronic microscope to take, and its abrasive conditions is load 20N, linear velocity 25km/h, and fraction time 4h is to mill part alcu alloy film.
Fig. 6 is the stereoscan photograph that embodiment 1 fret wear surface adopts the S-2360N scanning electronic microscope to take, and its abrasive conditions is load 20N, linear velocity 50km/h, and fraction time 2h is alcu alloy film to the mill part.
Fig. 7 is graphite (aterrimus part) the energy spectrum analysis curve of A from Fig. 6 wear interface scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph.
Fig. 8 is titanium silicon-carbon (grey color part) the energy spectrum analysis curve of B from Fig. 6 Lun Putu.
Fig. 9 is embodiment 1 sintering ladder-elevating temperature curve.
Embodiment
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Embodiment 1(preferred embodiment)
(1) batch mixing: (maximum capacity: 100kg), rotating speed is 34r/min, every the sense of rotation of 15 minutes change mixers, allows material fully mix to adopt the metal-powder mixer.
(2) experiment material: copper powder (Cu), 400 orders, 87%;
Titanium silicon-carbon (Ti 3SiC 2), 200 orders, 10%;
Graphite (C), 200 orders, 3%;
(3) first pressing: adopt 240 tons of pressure to carry out first pressing.
(4) sintering: adopt the ladder-elevating temperature mode, temperature curve as shown in Figure 9.
(5) cooling: in process of cooling, always adopt hydrogen shield, until cool to 200 oBelow the C.
(6) following process: to the test block of moulding carry out necessary car, cut, precision work and the surface treatment such as brill.
The material that present embodiment obtains is compared with existing same type of material; possess good comprehensive physical performance, and can realize technique to the control of material property, friction and wear behavior is excellent; not only significantly reduce the wear rate of self, and the friction pair wire is also had certain provide protection.
The performance characteristics that material possesses is as follows:
Impelling strength Tensile strength Density Rockwell Hardness Frictional coefficient Electric conductivity
2.7J/cm 2 113MPa 6.5g/cm 3 82HB 0.38 75%IACS
Be the metallographic structure photo of present embodiment material referring to Fig. 1, as can be seen from Figure 1, copper matrix (clear zone) sintering is intact, and it is block that pattern is net, Ti 3SiC 2With Graphite Distribution wherein.Granular graphite is large, and graphite and matrix copper bonding force are slightly poor, and reuniting behind the sintering is distributed in copper bound circle, easilier in the wear process comes off that to enter the wear interface lubrication friction secondary.Ti 3SiC 2Grain is little, is uniformly distributed in the copper matrix, Ti 3SiC 2Grain is better than graphite with copper matrix bonding properties, and the distribution of copper matrix has guaranteed that material has preferably conductivity.
Ti 3SiC 2Material is uniformly distributed in the copper matrix, plays strengthening effect, and when sintering temperature reached 900～1000 ℃, the copper grain edges had been in the semi-melting state, can be subject to rigidity Ti in the flow process 3SiC 2The inhibition that particle is stronger exists in the situation of external pressure, and inhibition is further obvious, simultaneously Ti 3SiC 2Particle also can slide in copper particle gap, forms such as Fig. 1 pattern.Graphite matter is soft, flows with softening copper, grows at copper particle gap clump shape.
The stereoscan photograph on present embodiment fret wear surface, as can be seen from Figure 4, slight plow wearing and tearing have occured in material surface, hard particles is the body material of work hardening or oxidation, the TiC hard crystallization phases that the hard particles that minority titanium silicon-carbon sintering gathers or friction generate, the polishing scratch direction is consistent, regional area surface smoothing, graphite and Ti 3SiC 2Sporadicly be distributed in substrate surface, play self-lubricating effect, improve wear resistance.Find peeling phenomenon by Fig. 5, peeling off the hole mainly is graphite material, and graphite and copper basal body binding force are relatively poor, in the wear process, the engaging friction interface that comes off easily, lubricate, and that the titanium silicon carbon material is combined with the copper matrix is tightr, and it is also more even to distribute, and the hole is peeled off in difficult formation.Therefore material of the present invention has good friction and wear behavior to its friction pair copper silver osculatory.
By general analysis can specifically determining graphite and Ti 3SiC 2Material, from the general figure of Fig. 6 energy as can be known, graphite (Fig. 7 is A aterrimus part) and titanium silicon-carbon (Fig. 8 is B ash color part) sporadicly are distributed in substrate surface, play self-lubricating effect, improve wear resistance, and wherein granular graphite is large, assembles distribution, Ti 3SiC 2Grain is little, evenly distributes.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Experiment material: copper powder (Cu), 400 orders, 90%;
Titanium silicon-carbon (Ti 3SiC 2), 200 orders, 7%;
China ink (C), 200 orders, 3%.
The material that present embodiment obtains is compared with existing same type of material; possess good comprehensive physical performance, and can realize technique to the control of material property, friction and wear behavior is excellent; not only significantly reduce the wear rate of self, and the friction pair wire is also had certain provide protection.
The performance characteristics that material possesses is as follows:
Impelling strength Tensile strength Density Rockwell Hardness Frictional coefficient Electric conductivity
2.4J/cm 2 102MPa 6.5g/cm 3 72HB 0.38 74%IACS
Be the metallographic structure photo of present embodiment material referring to Fig. 2, as can be seen from Figure 2, copper matrix (clear zone) is net distribution, Ti 3SiC 2With Graphite Distribution wherein.Granular graphite is large, assembles to be distributed in copper bound circle, and it is slightly poor that graphite is combined with matrix copper.Ti 3SiC 2Grain is little, is uniformly distributed in the copper matrix, Ti 3SiC 2Grain is good with copper matrix bonding properties, and the distribution of copper matrix can guarantee that material has preferably conductivity.
As the above analysis, when sintering temperature reached 900～1000 ℃, being in semi-melting state copper grain edges can flow, and rigidity Ti 3SiC 2Particle can hinder this flow process, and because copper content is large than embodiment 1, Ti 3SiC 2The particle inhibition is limited, so form such as Fig. 2 pattern.Graphite matter is soft, in the flow process, grows at copper particle gap clump shape.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Experiment material: copper powder (Cu), 400 orders, 84%;
Titanium silicon-carbon (Ti 3SiC 2), 200 orders, 13%;
China ink (C), 200 orders, 3%.
The material that present embodiment obtains is compared with existing same type of material; possess good comprehensive physical performance, and can realize technique to the control of material property, friction and wear behavior is excellent; not only significantly reduce the wear rate of self, and the friction pair wire is also had certain provide protection.
The performance characteristics that material possesses is as follows:
Impelling strength Tensile strength Density Rockwell Hardness Frictional coefficient Electric conductivity
1.8J/cm 2 89MPa 5.5g/cm 3 70HB 0.38 74%IACS
Be the metallographic structure photo of present embodiment material referring to Fig. 3, as can be seen from Figure 3, the subregion, copper matrix (clear zone) is by Ti 3SiC 2Particle is separated, and powder is particulate state, graphite and Ti 3SiC 2Evenly distributing, be mechanical bond between the powder particle, and sintering effect is not so good as embodiment 1, and this distribution of copper matrix has determined that material has hardness, density, tensile strength and the impelling strength lower with respect to embodiment 1.As the above analysis, Ti 3SiC 2Content is excessive may to cause copper matrix sintering insufficient and to hinder flowing property obvious.
Infer thus Ti 3SiC 2Content is excessive very large on the material property impact, should strictly control Ti in the design process 3SiC 2Content.
By 3 embodiment analyses as can be known, embodiment 3 samples, Ti 3SiC 2Content is large, and behind the sintering, subregion copper can't normally form the sintering neck, and powder is particulate state, graphite and Ti 3SiC 2Evenly distributing, is mechanical bond between the powder particle, and sintering effect is all not obvious, so that the comprehensive physical performance is on the low side than other formula materials.Embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 material sintering effects are obvious, obvious sintering neck are arranged, graphite and Ti 3SiC 2Evenly distribute, rise and strengthen and lubricant effect.Simultaneously, embodiment 2 material Ti 3SiC 2Content is few than embodiment 1 material, and strengthening effect is not as embodiment 1 material, although the sintering success, hardness is low than embodiment 1 material.Draw thus Ti 3SiC 2Content should be less than 13%, infer simultaneously to have a best Ti 3SiC 2The stagnation point of content, so that the hardness maximization, the wear resistance of raising friction materials, and this optimum point should be around 10%.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Experiment material: copper powder (Cu), 400 orders, 89.1%;
Titanium silicon-carbon (Ti 3SiC 2), 200 orders, 8%;
China ink (C), 200 orders, 2.9%.
The material that present embodiment obtains is compared with existing same type of material; possess good comprehensive physical performance, friction and wear behavior is excellent, not only significantly reduces the wear rate of self; and the friction pair wire also had certain provide protection, can satisfy high-speed train pantograph slide block performance requriements.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Experiment material: copper powder (Cu), 400 orders, 86.9%;
Titanium silicon-carbon (Ti 3SiC 2), 200 orders, 10%;
China ink (C), 200 orders, 3.1%.
The material that present embodiment obtains is compared with existing same type of material; possess good comprehensive physical performance, friction and wear behavior is excellent, not only significantly reduces the wear rate of self; and the friction pair wire also had certain provide protection, can satisfy high-speed train pantograph slide block performance requriements.
Sliding block material has mainly experienced the evolution of metal slider, pure carbon slide plate, powder metallurgy slide plate, metal-impregnated carbon slide and carbon-fibre composite slide plate in research and application facet.The carbon slide plate is low to lead abrasion, but extension lead work-ing life, physical strength is low, is prone to fracture, falls the piece phenomenon, and it is large to cause the pantograph and catenary fault probability, and work-ing life is short, and the scope of application is limited.Metal-impregnated carbon slide theoretically, is the pantograph pan of at present ideal copper conductive section, has preferably electric property, substantially solved the low problem of carbon slide plate physical strength, wear resisting property greatly improves, and can solve the too fast problem of lead abrasion at all; But anti-impact force is not enough, piece occurs falling, needs shaping in the use procedure, selling at exorbitant prices, and maintenance cost is high.
For current-collecting member, conductivity is particularly important, and copper based powder metallurgy material has been taken into account intensity and conductivity.At present, to development and the exploitation of copper based powder metallurgy material, mainly take copper as matrix, add a small amount of pivot metal-powder of strengthening, and add graphite as lubricated pivot.With Ti 3SiC 2Relevant slide block product mainly contains as follows:
1）Ti 3SiC 2- Cu
Because Ti 3SiC 2About 60%, its bending strength and Young's modulus are very high, and resistivity is very low, but Ti 3SiC 2Resolve into easily hard impurity TiC and Ti 3SiC 2The high temperature aggregate all can have very big impact to polishing machine.
2）Ti 3SiC 2
Ternary layered compound Ti 3SiC 2Have the characteristic of pottery and metal concurrently.Have the conduction, heat conduction of metalloid material and easily lightweight, the characteristic such as anti-oxidant, high temperature resistant of the characteristic such as processing and similar stupalith.But Ti 3SiC 2Fragility is larger, and the mechanical property such as shock-resistant and conductivity all can't match in excellence or beauty with copper based powder metallurgy material behind the sintering.
3) Cu-copper facing Ti 3SiC 2-C
Adopt copper-plating technique at ceramic particle Ti 3SiC 2Copper coating improves copper facing Ti 3SiC 2With the carbon/carbon-copper composite material bonding properties.At present, this material is more to measuring mechanical property, and seldom relates to the current-carrying wear test.With the increase of copper facing amount, the electroconductibility of matrix material, hardness and bending strength significantly improve, and still most of this materials are compared than material of the present invention, and the graphite prescription is too high, Ti 3SiC 2Content is excessively low, and complete processing exists than big difference simultaneously, and performance difference is larger.

Claims (1)

1. the preparation method of a high-speed train pantograph sliding block material is characterized in that, this alloy material composition forms by its quality percentage composition as follows:
Copper powder, 400 orders, 87%,
The titanium silicon-carbon, 200 orders, 10%,
Graphite, 200 orders, 3%;
The preparation technology of sliding block material is
Batch mixing: adopt the metal-powder mixer, rotating speed is 34r/min, every the sense of rotation of 15 minutes change mixers, allows material fully mix;
First pressing: adopt 240 tons of pressure to carry out first pressing;
Sintering: adopt the ladder-elevating temperature mode, sintering ladder-elevating temperature curve as shown in Figure 9;
Cooling: in process of cooling, always adopt hydrogen shield, until cool to below 200 degree;
Following process: precision work and surface treatment are carried out in the test block to moulding.
CN 201210065849 2012-03-14 2012-03-14 High-speed train pantograph sliding block material Expired - Fee Related CN102618771B (en)

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CN103115097B (en) * 2013-02-05 2015-10-28 博深工具股份有限公司 Brake block for high-speed train brake pad and preparation method thereof
CN105543534B (en) * 2015-12-18 2017-10-31 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 A kind of copper-based pantograph sliding material and preparation method thereof
CN107099693B (en) * 2017-04-12 2019-05-14 温州市土豆卫浴有限公司 A kind of environmental-friendly lead-free copper alloy
CN107419125B (en) * 2017-06-30 2018-12-04 泉州天泉信息科技有限公司 A kind of preparation method of high stable type copper-based electric contact material
CN109930090A (en) * 2017-12-17 2019-06-25 宜兴安纳西智能机械设备有限公司 A kind of battery conveying device sliding block of material
CN108515170A (en) * 2018-03-29 2018-09-11 大同新成新材料股份有限公司 A kind of preparation process of novel high-performance pantograph material
CN110981486A (en) * 2019-11-22 2020-04-10 大同新成新材料股份有限公司 Preparation method of multi-carbide pantograph carbon slide bar material

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CN102206771A (en) * 2011-05-25 2011-10-05 哈尔滨工业大学 Pantograph slide composite material and preparation method thereof

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