CN105274384A - High-strength anti-wear copper-based composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-strength anti-wear copper-based composite material and a preparation method thereof and belongs to the field of anti-wear copper-based composite materials. The method can be used for preparing anti-wear abrasion-resistant materials for machinery, the railway industry, the electromechanical industry and other industries. The material is specifically characterized in that copper serves as a base body, titanium and tin serve as adhesives, and carbon nano tubes serve as a reinforced phase. The preparation method includes the steps that copper alloy powder and the copper-plated carbon nano tubes are stirred and evenly mixed in a high-energy ball mill according to volume percentage; then cold isostatic pressing forming is adopted, and the mixture is pre-sintered in a vacuum sintering furnace; and finally, hot isostatic pressing high densified treatment is carried out, and the high-strength anti-wear copper-based composite material reinforced through the carbon nano tubes is obtained. The material and the preparation method have the advantages that the preparation technology is simple, environment pollution is avoided, the comprehensive performance of the material is excellent and stable and suitable for industrial production, and the obtained composite material can be used for preparing high-end electrical engineering contacts, electric brushes, pantograph sliding plates, electrodes, friction pairs and the like.

Description

A kind of high strength anti-attrition Cu-base composites and preparation method thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of high strength anti-attrition Cu-base composites and novel preparation method thereof, belong to copper-radicle antifriction wearing composite material field.

Background technology

In the eighties in 20th century, mainly adopt fusion casting to prepare anti-attrition high-abrasive material, as alloys such as CuSn, CuZn, CuSnZn, CuSnZnPdFe, but existence wears no resistance, the problems such as intensity hardness is low, and the life-span is short; Enter the nineties, occur copper base anti-attrition high-abrasive material prepared by powder metallurgical technique, as CuC, CuSnZnPd, CuSnTiFe, CuMoS ₂deng, owing to the addition of one or more materials such as graphite, lead, molybdenumdisulphide as lubricant, can the amount of reducing wear, increase the mechanical properties such as the physical strength of material and shock resistance, and electroconductibility, resistance to arc erosion performance are good.

Enter 21 century, along with the fast development of the industries such as China's machinery, railway, electromechanics, especially cybertimes are entered, more and more higher to the performance requriements of trade power consumption work contact, brush, pantograph pan, electrode, the friction pairs etc. such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, boats and ships, high ferro, electric power, the energy, electrician, traffic, quality also requires more and more tighter.Particularly along with the speed-raising of high-end industrial expansion and Economic development thereof, the powder metallurgy class anti-attrition wearing composite material of unitary system also can not meet high performance demand for development gradually.

Copper Coated Carbon Nanotubes material has the characteristic of a series of excellence: chemical stability, conduction, heat conduction, anti-corrosion, wear-resisting, easy processing, can weld, it is the novel material that a class has applications well development prospect, also be desirable composite additives, such as, carbon nanotube reinforced copper-base (CNTs/Cu) matrix material, have high-strength, height is led, wear-resisting, corrosion resistant, easy processing, the features such as thermal conductivity is good, in aviation, space flight, communications and transportation, electric power, electrically, the fields such as mechanical engineering have application prospect widely, also be current high strength and high conductivity, the ideal substitute of antifriction material.Such as, (1) CNTs/Cu electrode materials has good intensity, wear resistance and electroconductibility, can replace traditional CuCr, CuCrZr, CuAl ₂o ₃deng material, and its working life is made to improve more than 5 times; (2) generator CuC, CuWC brush material requires to have high electroconductibility, high thermal resistance, wearability and arc ablation resistance etc., CNTs/Cu matrix material has excellent wear resistance, self-lubricating can be realized, reduce frictional dissipation, thus substitute the materials such as traditional CuC, CuNiSn, CuNiSi, CuNiZnSnPb, realize the work-ing life etc. extending motor, bearing, bearing shell; (3) copper-based electric contact material is the key components in high, medium and low voltage electric switch, and the quality of its performance directly affects reliability and the work-ing life of switch and electric operation.At present, widely used is CuW, CuWC, CuCr, CuCrZr, CuAl ₂o ₃deng, it is very necessary for promoting the performance of copper alloy in physics, mechanics and electricity etc., could meet the service requirements about developments such as rly., switch, contactors.

Therefore, high strength anti-attrition copper base composite material, because carbon nanotube has measured self lubricity and anti-attrition wear resisting property, tensile strength, the shock resistance of matrix material are good, and it has very wide application prospect in fields such as high-strength highly-conductive electric material, contact material, antifriction materials.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high strength anti-attrition Cu-base composites and manufacture method thereof, this material take carbon nanotube as reinforcement, and its weight percent content is between 0.1% ~ 2.0%; Take copper as matrix, titanium, tin are binding agent.The Chemical Composition (% by weight) of matrix material is: 0.1 ~ 5.0Ti, 0.1 ~ 5.0Sn, 0.1 ~ 2.0 coppered carbon nanotube, and surplus is Cu.

High-strength copper base anti-attrition matrix material and preparation method thereof comprises following technological process:

(1) by CuTiSn powdered alloy (-200 orders standby for vacuum atomizing legal system, account for more than 90%) require that proportioning is good with the material composition of carbon nanotube percentage ratio by weight, put into high-energy ball milling tank body, add the stearic acid that weight percentage is 0.1% ~ 1.0% simultaneously, as grinding aid, with rotating speed 200r/min ~ 500r/min, the alternation time is 2min, ratio of grinding media to material is (5 ~ 10): 1, mix after 5 ~ 6 hours, obtain the carbon nanotube reinforced copper-base composite powder material mixed.

(2) be put in hydrogen reducing annealing furnace by the copper based composite powder material mixed in process (1) and carry out reduction treatment, slough stearic acid, reduction temperature is 400 DEG C ~ 600 DEG C, and the time is 3 ~ 5 hours simultaneously.

(3) copper composite powder obtained in process (2) is encased in the rubber finger sleeve of definite shape, carries out isostatic cool pressing compression moulding; Pressing pressure is 200MPa ~ 300MPa, and the dwell time is 5min, obtains coldmoulding base substrate.

(4) molding blank obtained in process (3) is put into vacuum sintering furnace to sinter, vacuum tightness is <1 × 10 ^-3pa, temperature 800 DEG C ~ 900 DEG C sintering, sintering time is 4 ~ 5 hours.

(5) the presintering base substrate obtained in process (4) is carried out mold pressing Shape correction, pressure 300MPa, pressurize 5min.

(6) ingot blank obtained in process (5) is carried out hot isostatic pressing densification, temperature rise rate 10 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C/min, temperature is 700 DEG C ~ 900 DEG C, and pressure is 100MPa ~ 200MPa, 2 ~ 3 hours dwell times, obtain high compact high-strength degree anti-attrition Cu-base composites.

(7) this preparation technology is simple, conductivity of composite material can excellent, Wear vesistance is good, excellent combination property and stable, is applicable to suitability for industrialized production.

Embodiment

High strength anti-attrition Cu-base composites of the present invention is specifically implemented to be classified as: the Physical and mechanical properties of material and impelling strength etc., specifically as shown in table 1.

The technical performance index of table 1. Cu-base composites

Claims (3)

1. a high strength anti-attrition Cu-base composites, is characterized in that, this material take carbon nanotube as reinforcement, and its weight percent content is between 0.1% ~ 2.0%; Take copper as matrix, titanium, tin are binding agent, and % by weight of the Chemical Composition of material is: 0.1 ~ 5.0Ti, 0.1 ~ 5.0Sn, 0.1 ~ 2.0 coppered carbon nanotube, surplus is Cu.

2. a preparation method for high strength anti-attrition Cu-base composites, its feature comprises following technological process:

(1) material composition of CuTiSn powdered alloy standby for vacuum atomizing legal system and carbon nanotube percentage ratio is by weight required that proportioning is good, put into high-energy ball milling tank body, add the stearic acid that weight percentage is 0.1% ~ 1.0% simultaneously, as grinding aid, with rotating speed 200r/min ~ 500r/min, the alternation time is 2min, and ratio of grinding media to material is (5 ~ 10): 1, mix after 5 ~ 6 hours, obtain the carbon nanotube reinforced copper-base composite powder material mixed;

(2) be put in hydrogen reducing annealing furnace by the copper based composite powder material mixed in process (1) and carry out reduction treatment, slough stearic acid, reduction temperature is 400 DEG C ~ 600 DEG C, and the time is 3 ~ 5 hours simultaneously;

(3) copper composite powder obtained in process (2) is encased in the rubber finger sleeve of definite shape, carries out isostatic cool pressing compression moulding; Pressing pressure is 200MPa ~ 300MPa, and the dwell time is 5min, obtains coldmoulding base substrate;

(4) molding blank obtained in process (3) is put into vacuum sintering furnace to sinter, vacuum tightness is <1 × 10 ^-3pa, temperature 800 DEG C ~ 900 DEG C sintering, sintering time is 4 ~ 5 hours;

(5) the presintering base substrate obtained in process (4) is carried out mold pressing Shape correction, pressure 300MPa, pressurize 5min;

(6) ingot blank obtained in process (5) is carried out hot isostatic pressing densification, temperature rise rate 10 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C/min, temperature is 700 DEG C ~ 900 DEG C, and pressure is 100MPa ~ 200MPa, 2 ~ 3 hours dwell times, obtain high compact high-strength degree anti-attrition Cu-base composites.

3. the preparation method of a kind of high strength anti-attrition Cu-base composites according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described CuTiSn powdered alloy accounts for more than 90% for-200 orders.