CN102618254B - 一种电致变色复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种电致变色复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN102618254B
CN102618254B CN201210070307.XA CN201210070307A CN102618254B CN 102618254 B CN102618254 B CN 102618254B CN 201210070307 A CN201210070307 A CN 201210070307A CN 102618254 B CN102618254 B CN 102618254B
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范丽娟
张伟
许海波
陈云
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Abstract

本发明涉及电流响应型传感材料技术领域,公开了一种电致变色复合材料及其制备方法。将石墨烯压制成片状,在其表面涂覆二炔单体溶液或二炔单体/聚合物基质,诱导二炔单体聚合,得到石墨烯为导电层和聚二炔为变色层的电致变色复合材料。在通入电流前或通入的电流小于临界电流时,聚二炔为第一种颜色;当通入电流达到临界值时,聚二炔的颜色改变为第二种颜色,在该临界电流断开后,聚二炔保持第二种颜色不变。本发明提供了一种响应电流值可达240~680mA的电致变色复合材料,材料颜色变化的响应性电流具有可调控,材料颜色具有不可逆性,拓宽了聚二炔作为变色材料的应用领域,具有良好的应用前景。

Description

一种电致变色复合材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及电流响应型传感材料技术领域,特别涉及一种电致变色石墨烯 / 聚二炔复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
有机共轭高分子具有优良的光电性能,已被开发用作多种重要的传感器材料,聚二炔(PDA)是突出的代表。聚二炔在受到外界环境(包括温度、酸碱度、化学试剂及应力等)的刺激时,会发生肉眼可见的明显的颜色变化,典型的颜色变化是蓝色变为红色。蓝色的聚二乙炔无荧光,而红色的聚二乙炔具有荧光,因此,聚二乙炔已被应用于色差及荧光传感器。研究表明,聚二乙炔的变色机理是由于外界刺激使聚二乙炔的侧链的运动自由度增大,从而引起主链断裂,导致聚二乙炔分子共轭长度变短而比较无序。文献 (Electrochromatic carbon nanotube/polydiacetylene nanocomposite fibres,Nature Nanotechnology) 及中国发明专利(CN 101962913 B),报导了一种可逆电致变色的聚二乙炔/碳纳米管复合纤维,该复合纤维包含中空碳纳米管,于该碳纳米管内形成聚二炔,当复合纤维两端未导入电流时,其呈现第一种颜色,当复合纤维两端导入的电流超过一临界值,其颜色改变为第二种颜色,当复合纤维两端导入的电流断路时,其颜色恢复为第一种颜色;所述复合纤维的制备方法包括:用化学气相沉积法制得碳纳米管正立列纺成碳纳米管纤维;将二炔单体浸入到碳纳米管纤维中,然后用紫外线、X射线或γ射线照射使二炔单体聚合形成碳纳米管/聚二炔复合纤维。该复合纤维的响应性电流局限在10~30 mA,且在有些特殊的电子器件或生物模拟等方面,人们需要用到开-关型响应材料,即该材料对某一特定的电流进行特定响应,这类材料在电子器件领域有着较大的应用前景,然而,目前这类响应性电流可调控的、不可逆的电致变色复合材料未见报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种原料易得,制备工艺简单,材料颜色变化的响应性电流具有可调控、材料颜色具有不可逆性的电致变色复合材料及其制备方法。
实现本发明目的的技术方案是提供一种电致变色复合材料,它包括导电层和变色层,所述的导电层材料为石墨烯,所述的变色层材料为聚二炔;在通入电流前或通入的电流小于临界电流时,聚二炔为第一种颜色;当通入电流达到临界值时,聚二炔的颜色改变为第二种颜色,在该通入的临界电流断开后,聚二炔保持第二种颜色不变。
上述电致变色复合材料的制备方法,将石墨烯压制成片状,在其表面涂覆二炔单体溶液或二炔单体/聚合物基质,诱导二炔单体聚合,形成石墨烯/聚二炔或石墨烯/聚二炔/聚合物基质电致变色复合材料。
所述的聚合物基质包括聚氧化乙烯或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
1、本发明利用石墨烯和二炔单体溶液,在诱导条件下进行固相聚合,从而得到石墨烯 / 聚二炔复合材料,该材料在未通入电流时,其聚二炔部分显示第一种颜色,当导入的电流达到某一强度时,该复合材料发生颜色的改变显示第二种颜色,当断开电流时,它的颜色不能再恢复成原来的第一种颜色颜色,而是保持显示的第二种颜色,提供了一种开、关型电流诱导变色材料,即不可逆电致变色材料,具有良好的应用前景。
2、本发明可通过控制石墨烯与聚二炔或聚二炔/聚合物基质的质量比,方便地得到不同电流响应的石墨烯 / 聚二乙炔 及 石墨烯/聚二炔/聚合物基质复合材料;材料的响应电流值可达到240 mA至680 mA,大大拓宽了聚二炔作为变色材料的应用领域。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的石墨烯的透射电镜图;
图2是本发明实施例提供的石墨烯的拉曼光谱图;
图3是本发明实施例提供的石墨烯 / 聚二乙炔复合材料通电前(曲线a)和通电后(曲线b)的紫外反射光谱对比图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明技术方案作进一步的阐述。
实施例1
制备石墨烯 / 聚二乙炔复合材料的方法包括以下几个主要步骤:
向放有4.64g 石墨粉及3.81g亚硝酸钠的1000mL烧杯中加入170mL浓硫酸,冰水浴条件下搅拌半小时,缓慢得向上述体系中加入22.6g高锰酸钾,继续搅拌两小时后撤去冰水浴,密封搅拌五天,体系呈黏糊状。接着向上述体系加入450mL去离子水,搅拌半小时后向其中逐滴滴加双氧水,直至整个体系呈橙黄色。将该橙黄色液体静置12小时,移去上层无色液体,对下层有色液体用3500 D透析袋进行透析至中性。将透析得到的胶状液体转移至500mL烧瓶中,加入200mL去离子水及40g抗坏血酸,搅拌5天后对其进行抽滤,用去离子水洗涤滤饼。滤饼在红外灯下干燥,即得到纯净的石墨烯。参见附图1,它是本实施例提供的石墨烯的透射电镜图,从图1中可以明显看到石墨烯的微观层状结构。参见附图2,它是本实施例提供的石墨烯的拉曼光谱图,其具有典型的D带及G带的峰。称取0.1g石墨烯粉末进行压片,石墨烯压片厚度为1.6mm。
将单体HOOC(CH2)8CCCC(CH2)8COOH溶解在四氢呋喃中,配置成45mg/mL的二炔单体溶液,取100 uL该溶液涂覆于石墨烯压片表面。将得到的含有二炔溶液的压片置于通风橱中,避光放置24h使其干燥。将干燥的含二乙炔单体的压片置于254nm的紫外灯下照射10分钟,诱导二炔聚合,聚二炔显示为蓝色。
用鳄鱼夹夹住压片,接入直流电源。当电流升至240 mA左右时,压片上蓝色的聚二炔层逐渐变成暗红色,通过红外测温仪并未探测到明显的温度变化。当电流撤掉后,压片上的聚二炔层保持红色不变。
参见附图3,它是本实施例提供的石墨烯/聚二炔复合材料通电前(曲线a)、后(曲线b)的紫外反射光谱对比图,由图3可以明显看出,通电前蓝色占主要部分,通电后则主要为红色。
实施例2
用实施例1的方法得到石墨烯。称取0.2g石墨烯粉末进行压片,石墨烯压片厚度为3.3mm 。
将单体HOOC(CH2)8CCCC(CH2)8COOH溶解在四氢呋喃中,配置成45mg/mL的二炔单体溶液,取100 uL该溶液涂覆于石墨烯压片表面。将得到的含有二炔溶液的压片置于通风橱中,避光放置24h使其干燥。将干燥的含二乙炔单体的压片置于254nm的紫外灯下照射10分钟,诱导二炔聚合,聚二炔显示为蓝色。
用鳄鱼夹夹住压片,接入直流电源。当电流升至730mA左右时,蓝色的聚二炔逐渐变成红色,通过红外测温仪并未探测到明显的温度变化。当电流撤掉后,压片上的聚二炔层保持红色不变。
实施例3
用实施例1的方法得到石墨烯。
称取0.2g石墨烯粉末,用压强为22MPa的红外压片机压片,石墨烯压片厚度为3.3mm。
将450mg单体HOOC(CH2)11CCCC(CH2)8COOH溶解在四氢呋喃中,配置成45mg/mL的二炔单体溶液。取50uL浓度为0.2g/mL的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的氯仿溶液于100 uL上述二炔单体的四氢呋喃溶液中,振荡使之完全混合均匀,并将所得到的混合溶液涂覆于石墨烯压片表面。将得到的含有 二炔/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 溶液的压片置于通风橱中,在通风橱中避光放置24h使其干燥。将干燥的含二炔单体及聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 的压片置于254nm的紫外灯下照射10分钟,诱导二炔聚合,聚二炔显示为蓝色。
用鳄鱼夹夹住压片,接入直流电源。当电流升至680 mA左右时,蓝色的聚二炔逐渐变成红色,通过红外测温仪并未探测到明显的温度变化。当电流撤掉后,压片上的聚二炔层保持红色不变。由此可见,加入聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯可以适当调节响应性电流。

Claims (2)

1. 一种电致变色复合材料,其特征在于:它包括导电层和变色层,所述的导电层材料为石墨烯,所述的变色层材料为聚二炔;在通入电流前或通入的电流小于临界电流时,聚二炔为第一种颜色;当通入电流达到临界值时,聚二炔的颜色改变为第二种颜色,在该通入的临界电流断开后,聚二炔保持第二种颜色不变;
所述聚二炔采用下列方法中的一种制备获得:
(1)将单体HOOC(CH2)8CCCC(CH2)8COOH溶解在四氢呋喃中,配置成45mg/mL的二炔单体溶液,取100 μL该溶液涂覆于石墨烯压片表面;将得到的含有二炔溶液的压片置于通风橱中,避光放置24h使其干燥;将干燥的含二乙炔单体的压片置于254nm的紫外灯下照射10分钟,诱导二炔聚合;
(2)将450mg单体HOOC(CH2)11CCCC(CH2)8COOH溶解在四氢呋喃中,配置成45mg/mL的二炔单体溶液;取50μL浓度为0.2g/mL的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的氯仿溶液于100 μL上述二炔单体的四氢呋喃溶液中,振荡使之完全混合均匀,并将所得到的混合溶液涂覆于石墨烯压片表面;将得到的含有 二炔/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 溶液的压片置于通风橱中,在通风橱中避光放置24h使其干燥;将干燥的含二炔单体及聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的压片置于254nm的紫外灯下照射10分钟,诱导二炔聚合。
2. 一种如权利要求1所述的电致变色复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:将石墨烯压制成片状,在其表面涂覆二炔单体溶液或二炔单体/聚合物基质,诱导二炔单体聚合,形成石墨烯/聚二炔或石墨烯/聚二炔/聚合物基质电致变色复合材料。
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CN107399915A (zh) * 2017-09-06 2017-11-28 蚌埠玻璃工业设计研究院 一种石墨烯电致变色玻璃的制备方法
CN110577617B (zh) * 2019-09-12 2021-10-29 安徽师范大学 丙烯酸酯基聚二乙炔热致变色材料及其制备方法和应用

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