CN102612987A - Champignon anti-season ground growing method - Google Patents
Champignon anti-season ground growing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102612987A CN102612987A CN2012100821080A CN201210082108A CN102612987A CN 102612987 A CN102612987 A CN 102612987A CN 2012100821080 A CN2012100821080 A CN 2012100821080A CN 201210082108 A CN201210082108 A CN 201210082108A CN 102612987 A CN102612987 A CN 102612987A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a champignon anti-season ground growing method, which is realized through sand covering type horizontal growing in a cool shed at a high-temperature season, and includes the following steps: selecting coarse wood chips, selecting fin wood chips, wheat bran and gypse for matching, placing the culture medium in plastic bags to form rod shapes, and inoculating champignon strains for cultivation after sterilization; horizontally placing the mature strain rods on the ground covered with sand, and filling and compacting clearances among the strain rods with sand to the positions at the 3/4 cross section of the strain rods; and setting the ground temperature of the cool shed as 18-22 DEG C, temperature difference of ground temperature and temperature of the growing space as 6-10 DEG C, and relative humidity as 85-95% during the growing period. The growing season is March every year and the period from June to August is the champignon output peak time; through the adoption of the method provided by the invention, high-temperature growing at summer can fill the market vacancy; the ground growing can make full use of the lower ground temperature; the application of the micro-spraying technique saves water resource; clean sand serves as filling material, and the purposes of being moisture-holding, ventilated and low in pollution rate are achieved; and after the adoption of the method, the high-grade champignon ratio reaches 70-80%, 40-50% higher than that of the traditional champignon growing method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fungus growing technique field, particularly a kind of improvement of cultivating champignon pattern is a mushroom anti-season ground cultivating method.
Background technology
Mushroom is an of paramount importance kind in China edible mushroom, also is the edible in a large number and medicinal edible fungus varieties in various countries, the world today, is the good merchantable brand in human health care's food.Traditional mushroom generally is the low temperature season cultivation in annual year April in September to the second, and summer high temperature season is fruiting seldom then.Mushroom cultivation comprises bar type vertical planting, the cultivation of piece formula layer frame and ground formula cold frame culture at present.
The bar type vertical planting: be composts or fertilisers of cultivating to be packed into become bar-shaped in the plastic sack of 17*55cm, cultural hypha is carried out in sterilization, inoculation, after the mycelia maturation, plastic sack is removed, and vertical putting carried out management of producing mushroom.The advantage of the method is that PR is higher.Shortcoming is that high-quality mushroom rate is low, and water filling labour intensity is big.
Piece formula layer frame cultivation: cultured mushroom strain is pressed into bulk, puts on layer frame, carry out management of producing mushroom.Advantage is to make full use of the cultivation space, and shortcoming is with the bar type vertical planting.
Ground formula cold frame culture: after composts or fertilisers of cultivating carried out the semi-mature material sterilization, be tiled in the cold bed that digs in advance, carry out cultural hypha and management of producing mushroom, it is time saving and energy saving that advantage is that composts or fertilisers of cultivating is sterilized in earlier stage, and shortcoming is because open inoculation, and pollution rate is high relatively.The anti-season soil covering culture: the technology of existing anti-season soil covering culture mushroom is open in recent years; Be with cultured xianggu stick, remove plastic sack, be placed in the cold bed that digs in advance; Soil after the process sterilization processing that covers one deck 3cm on the bacterium rod carries out management of producing mushroom then.Advantage is to make the summer culture mushroom become possibility by the low characteristics of ground temperature, and shortcoming is that cultivating soil hardens easily, and the mushroom cleanliness factor is poor, has had a strong impact on the commodity of mushroom.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be directed to the defective that above-mentioned cultivation method exists, the cultivation in season of a kind of suitable summer high temperature is provided, the mushroom anti-season ground cultivating method of good quality and high output.
The present invention proposes a kind of mushroom anti-season ground cultivating method, and it is characterized in that: mushroom is in cold canopy, to cover husky horizontal cultivation at high temperature season, and the method for its mushroom culture is:
(1) make the bacterium rod: the weight content of each component is in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of composition xianggu stick: thick wood chip 40～70%, and thin wood chip 10～35%, wheat bran 10～25%, gypsum 0.8～2%, the weight proportion of above-mentioned component gross weight and water is 1: 1.0～1.5;
Choose the thick wood chip of 2～5 orders, the thin wood chip of 10～14 orders by above-mentioned formula ratio; Be equipped with wheat bran, gypsum and water; The composts or fertilisers of cultivating that is mixed packed into becomes bar-shaped in the tubular plastic sack, and through 100 ℃ of sterilizations of normal pressure 24-30 hour, the inoculation mushroom strain was cultivated under 25～27 ℃;
(2) the cultivation time: system bacterium xianggu stick at the beginning of annual 3 months, through 2～2.5 months cultivation, to the mycelia physiological ripening, be the fruiting peak period 6～August;
(3) plant: the fully-developed xianggu stick is taken off bag with taking off bag; In cold canopy, cultivate; Cold canopy is made by plastic foil; Around the cold canopy apart from ground 20～25cm eminence setting defensive wall that collapses, using the sunshade rate is will the be whole cold ceiling of the sunshade net portion zone covering 90% or more, sunshade net and cold shed top surface apart from being 0.6～1.0m highly;
(4) cover the sandculture training: cultivate as cover soil material with sand, the accumbency of fully-developed bacterium rod is put on the ground that is covered with sand, the space between the bacterium rod is filled real with sand;
(5) little spray is preserved moisture: micro-nozzle road and mini sprinkler are set in cold canopy, the bacterium rod that covers the sandculture training is carried out little spray humidification, make the relative moisture in the cold canopy be controlled at 85～95%;
(6) mend sand: the sand in xianggu stick gap sinks after little spray, for avoiding bacterium rod bottom growth deformity mushroom, in the fruiting process, mends sand, the slit that occurs between filling bacterium rod;
(7) temperature control: the temperature on Leng Peng ground is controlled at 18～28 ℃ during the cultivation, and the space temperature difference is 6～10 ℃ in surface temperature and the canopy.
Further step of the present invention is to adopt partly to cover husky technology: the accumbency of fully-developed bacterium rod is put on the ground that is covered with rough sand, be about to rough sand and be placed on the bottom of taking off bag xianggu stick, the space between the bacterium rod is filled real with fine sand; The packed height in space is exposed accumbency bacterium rod height 1/4 to 3/4 place of accumbency bacterium rod height between the bacterium rod, and promptly last 1/4 place of accumbency bacterium rod does not contact with sand, makes mushroom concentrate on this position fruiting.
The present invention compared with prior art has following distinguishing feature:
1, high temperature season cultivation of the present invention can be filled a hole in the market; The sandculture training technology of covering of, ventilation low by means of ground temperature, little spray measure can satisfy the requirement of bacterium rod fruiting to temperature, and high-quality mushroom rate reaches 70～80%, and is higher by 40～50% than the method for cultivating mushroom of traditional approach;
2, adopt the ground formula to cover the sandculture training, can make full use of low ground temperature, sand is as the earthing carrier of preserving moisture, but water conservation, preserve moisture, good permeability, cleannes are high, make the bacterium rod can preserve moisture, breathe freely, normal fruiting under the free of contamination condition, make the mushroom soma that grows clean; The bacterium rod is lying in ground, and the advantage that ground temperature capable of using is low is with the purpose of the mushroom culture in season that reaches a high temperature; Compare with soil,, therefore can significantly reduce the probability of pollution microbes and damage by disease and insect owing to the nutrition that sand is contained is few; Along with the process prolongation of fruiting, mend sand, avoid the slit between the bacterium rod excessive, bacterium rod bottom deformity mushroom occurs and take place;
3, the present invention adopts cold canopy cultivation, has changed the plastic house culture mode, can reduce greatly and build the canopy cost, helps the formation ventilative and temperature difference;
4, the former material assembly science of cultivating champignon of the present invention, the thickness wood chip in the prescription is arranged in pairs or groups in proportion, and characteristics are complementary, improve the mushroom quality, and high-quality mushroom rate is high; Thin wood chip can increase the weight of bacterium rod, improves the biology conversion ratio, and more helps fruiting early, and thick wood chip is more conducive to late fruiting, prolongs the fruiting phase, and the thickness wood chip cooperates can make whole fruiting phase fruiting even, is unlikely the fruiting that flocks together, and influences market sale.Thick wood chip can increase the gas permeability of bacterium rod, and the hardness of wood chip makes mycelial growth strongr denseer white, and the later stage fruiting is many; Improve mushroom body meat density, increase the mushroom body weight, under the situation that satisfies mushroom bulk-growth desired nutritional; Reduce the consumption of wheat bran as far as possible, can reduce the probability that damage by disease and insect takes place greatly;
5, the present invention uses micro-spray technology; Can save water resource; Can reduce the fruiting environmental temperature better; Minimizing causes water stain mushroom phenomenon because of the big water logging mushroom of conventional method and takes place, and can keep the bacterium rod to be in to greatest extent in the rational humidity range, is unlikely to cause the phenomenon of bacterium rod humidity big rise and big fall to take place; Can guarantee that water is even, control water consumption well, avoid water to cause the significantly variation of environmental temperature and humidity.
Following table 1～table 3 is comparing results that the present invention tests.
Table 1: the comparison of test results of the different cultivation modes of mushroom
Table 2: the comparing result of different packing materials
According to ambient humidity in xianggu stick surface moisture and the canopy in the bacterium canopy, carry out the little spray and the comparison of pouring water.
Table 3: little spray and the comparative result of pouring water
Embodiment
Through embodiment the present invention is further described below.
(1) the bacterium rod is made: the weight content of each component is in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of composition xianggu stick: thick wood chip 64%, and thin wood chip 20%, wheat bran 15%, the weight proportion of gypsum 1%, four component gross weight and water is 1: 1.2.
Choose hardwood wood chip, the thin wood chip of 10 purposes of 4 order granularities by above-mentioned dosage; Be equipped with wheat bran, gypsum and water; Composts or fertilisers of cultivating packed into to be become in the plastic sack of 17cm (bag folding footpath) * 55cm (bag is high) bar-shapedly, and through 100 ℃ of sterilizations of normal pressure 24-30 hour, the inoculation mushroom strain was cultivated.
(2) the cultivation time: the cultivation that high temperature season carries out in cold canopy in 3～October, system bacterium xianggu stick at the beginning of annual 3 months, through 2～2.5 months cultivation, to the mycelia physiological ripening, 6,7, be the fruiting peak period August.
(3) plant: at the beginning of mid-May to 6 then month, the fully-developed xianggu stick is taken off bag, cultivate in cold canopy as cover soil material with sand with taking off bag.Cold canopy build generally that draining is convenient in, before the room that the water source is arranged behind the house or big field.It is simple that cold canopy is built material, only needs rod, horticultural covering film, sunshade net; Cold canopy area is moderate, and good permeability is beneficial to the formation of the temperature difference, the generally long 30～35m of specification, wide 6.4m, the high 2.5m of ridge, front and back eaves height 1.8m.12 the cold canopies in each sub-district, 2.5 meters in operation road, each 6 cold canopy of both sides.Cold canopy is made by plastic foil and is covered, and no wall is windowless, and all around 20～25cm eminence surrounds the defensive wall that can collapse with Polypropylence Sheet to cold canopy apart from ground, so that when circulation of air and insulation, open at any time and seal; With cold ceiling portion regional cover of the sunshade net of sunshade rate more than 90% with whole sub-district, the distance of sunshade net and cold shed top surface is 0.6～1.0m highly, helps between cold canopy sunshade net, forming the air of lower temperature like this, and is convenient to circulation of air.Two row's micro-nozzle roads are set in each cold canopy, whenever adorn a mini sprinkler at a distance from 2 meter amperes.
(4) cover the sandculture training: adopt and partly cover husky technology; Sand is placed on the bottom of taking off bag xianggu stick, the accumbency of fully-developed bacterium rod is put on the ground that is covered with rough sand, tamp with fine sand in the space between the bacterium rod; Packed height is to 3/4 place of accumbency bacterium rod height 17cm; Expose 1/4 of accumbency bacterium rod height 17cm, promptly last 1/4 place of accumbency bacterium rod does not contact with sand, makes mushroom concentrate on 1/4 position fruiting.
(5) little spray is preserved moisture: micro-nozzle road and mini sprinkler are set in cold canopy, the bacterium rod that covers the sandculture training is carried out little spray humidification, make the relative moisture in the cold canopy be controlled at 85～95%.
(6) mend sand: the sand in xianggu stick gap can sink after little spray, and is excessive for fear of the slit between the bacterium rod, bacterium rod bottom growth deformity mushroom; Whether in the fruiting process, need mend sand, fill the slit that occurs between the bacterium rod, planting bacterium rod bottom at the husky observation place simultaneously of benefit has original hase or little mushroom to generate; If generation needs in time to remove; Fill up the space with sand, in order to avoid, grow misshapen mushroom from bacterium rod bottom because the space enlarges.
(7) temperature control: with the horizontal sand ground face that is placed in of bacterium rod; The application of, ventilation low, little spray measure by ground temperature; Satisfy the requirement of bacterium rod fruiting to temperature, cold canopy surface temperature is controlled at 18～22 ℃ during the cultivation, and surface temperature is 6～10 ℃ with the cultivation space temperature difference.
Claims (2)
1. mushroom anti-season ground cultivating method, it is characterized in that: mushroom is in cold canopy, to cover husky horizontal cultivation at high temperature season, and the method for its mushroom culture is:
(1) make the bacterium rod: the weight content of each component is in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of composition xianggu stick: thick wood chip 40～70%, and thin wood chip 10～35%, wheat bran 10～25%, gypsum 0.8～2%, the weight proportion of above-mentioned component gross weight and water is 1: 1.0～1.5;
Choose the thick wood chip of 2～5 orders, the thin wood chip of 10～14 orders by above-mentioned formula ratio; Be equipped with wheat bran, gypsum and water; The composts or fertilisers of cultivating that is mixed packed into becomes bar-shaped in the tubular plastic sack, and through 100 ℃ of sterilizations of normal pressure 24-30 hour, the inoculation mushroom strain was cultivated under 25～27 ℃;
(2) the cultivation time: system bacterium xianggu stick at the beginning of annual 3 months, through 2～2.5 months cultivation, to the mycelia physiological ripening, be the fruiting peak period 6～August;
(3) plant: the fully-developed xianggu stick is taken off bag with taking off bag; In cold canopy, cultivate; Cold canopy is made by plastic foil; Around the cold canopy apart from ground 20～25cm eminence setting defensive wall that collapses, using the sunshade rate is will the be whole cold ceiling of the sunshade net portion zone covering 90% or more, sunshade net and cold shed top surface apart from being 0.6～1.0m highly;
(4) cover the sandculture training: cultivate as cover soil material with sand, the accumbency of fully-developed bacterium rod is put on the ground that is covered with sand, the space between the bacterium rod is filled real with sand;
(5) little spray is preserved moisture: micro-nozzle road and mini sprinkler are set in cold canopy, the bacterium rod that covers the sandculture training is carried out little spray humidification, make the relative moisture in the cold canopy be controlled at 85～95%;
(6) mend sand: the sand in xianggu stick gap sinks after little spray, for avoiding bacterium rod bottom growth deformity mushroom, in the fruiting process, mends sand, the slit that occurs between filling bacterium rod;
(7) temperature control: the temperature on Leng Peng ground is controlled at 18～28 ℃ during the cultivation, and the space temperature difference is 6～10 ℃ in surface temperature and the canopy.
2. mushroom anti-season according to claim 1 ground cultivating method is characterized in that: the accumbency of fully-developed bacterium rod is put on the ground that is covered with rough sand, and the space between the bacterium rod is filled real with fine sand; The packed height in space is exposed accumbency bacterium rod height 1/4 to 3/4 place of accumbency bacterium rod height between the bacterium rod, and promptly last 1/4 place of accumbency bacterium rod does not contact with sand, makes mushroom concentrate on this position fruiting.
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| CN104402635A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-03-11 | 苏州市经纬农产品有限公司 | Shiitake culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN104813841A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-08-05 | 广西大学 | Soil-cover cultivation method for summer mushroom |
| CN104855138A (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2015-08-26 | 朱峰 | Soil-cover culturing method for mushrooms |
| CN105532260A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-05-04 | 钟克华 | Cultivation method for Lentinus edodes |
| CN106882990A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-06-23 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of efficient productive culture material of mushroom plant and preparation method thereof |
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| CN109220545A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-18 | 福建省农业科学院食用菌研究所（福建省蘑菇菌种研究推广站） | Using pine cedar sawdust as the Sparassis crispa cultivation matrix of raw material and its Sparassis crispa cultural method |
| CN110024617A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-07-19 | 安徽吾悦农业科技有限公司 | The cultural method of Agricus blazei |
| CN112823591A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2021-05-21 | 竹山县绿谷食用菌有限公司 | Mushroom planting method achieving intermittent fruiting |
| CN113040003A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-06-29 | 黔东南苗族侗族自治州农业科学院 | Novel ground cultivation mushroom stick arranging method |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103918483B (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2016-06-01 | 江苏天丰生物科技有限公司 | A kind of summer high temperature method for cultivating mushroom |
| CN103918483A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-07-16 | 江苏天丰生物科技有限公司 | Method for culturing shiitake mushrooms at high temperature in summer |
| CN104402635A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-03-11 | 苏州市经纬农产品有限公司 | Shiitake culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN104813841A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-08-05 | 广西大学 | Soil-cover cultivation method for summer mushroom |
| CN104855138A (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2015-08-26 | 朱峰 | Soil-cover culturing method for mushrooms |
| CN105532260A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-05-04 | 钟克华 | Cultivation method for Lentinus edodes |
| CN106912294A (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-07-04 | 宁强县万信食用菌产业开发有限责任公司 | Material generation, ground mushroom summer cultivating method |
| CN106882990A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-06-23 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of efficient productive culture material of mushroom plant and preparation method thereof |
| CN106882990B (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2020-09-08 | 上海市农业科学院 | Industrialized efficient production culture material for lentinus edodes and preparation method thereof |
| CN109220545A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-18 | 福建省农业科学院食用菌研究所（福建省蘑菇菌种研究推广站） | Using pine cedar sawdust as the Sparassis crispa cultivation matrix of raw material and its Sparassis crispa cultural method |
| CN110024617A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-07-19 | 安徽吾悦农业科技有限公司 | The cultural method of Agricus blazei |
| CN112823591A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2021-05-21 | 竹山县绿谷食用菌有限公司 | Mushroom planting method achieving intermittent fruiting |
| CN113040003A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-06-29 | 黔东南苗族侗族自治州农业科学院 | Novel ground cultivation mushroom stick arranging method |
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