CN102611340B - 用于功率转换的方法和系统 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
- H02M7/53873—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with digital control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/40—Means for preventing magnetic saturation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
- H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
- H02P27/10—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation using bang-bang controllers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
- H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
- H02P27/12—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation pulsing by guiding the flux vector, current vector or voltage vector on a circle or a closed curve, e.g. for direct torque control
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于功率转换的方法和系统。换向控制电路包括电耦合于电功率总线的积分电压计数器(116),该积分电压计数器配置成随时间将从该功率总线接收的电压信号积分,并且当该积分的电压信号等于预定计数时生成触发信号;以及多个晶体管对(108),其配置成接收由该积分电压计数器生成的触发信号并且电耦合于相应电绕组(110)。
Description
技术领域
本发明的领域大体上涉及功率转换器,并且更具体地涉及用于功率桥的换向(对于其的切换在时间上被高度约束于期望的输出波形)的系统和方法。
背景技术
功率转换器中的控制收敛的改进受益于测量和实施的离散机会之间的等待时间的最小化。至少一些已知的功率转换器换向电路依赖桥过去的表现来确定将来的切换时间。这样的电路和方法在使用相对较慢的开关部件的高频应用中是不准确的。另外,这样的方案不考虑在维持高效率时可能存在的干扰信号。
已知的机器控制典型地施加电压,其模拟带宽超过电流调整器(或其他主要调整器)的带宽的具有恒定大小和频率的相量。即使在稳定状态中,开关模式的电力供应产生电压和伏秒中的以及在径向和环向轴线上的可预测误差。此外,瞬时带宽典型地苦于传统方式来减少这些误差,特别当应用于在净切换频率中具有显著限制的功率桥时是这样。
选通高度约束的功率桥的方法典型地牵涉非常低的斩波频率或模式启动(pattern firing)。低斩波频率趋于约束施加的波形的最大基频。模式启动技术趋于限制外部调整器的响应性。
发明内容
在一个实施例中,换向控制电路包括电耦合于电功率总线的积分电压计数器,其中该积分电压计数器配置成随时间将从该功率总线接收的电压信号积分,并且当该积分的电压信号等于预定计数时生成触发信号。该系统还包括多个晶体管对,它们配置成接收由该积分电压计数器生成的触发信号并且电耦合于马达的相应绕组。
在另一个实施例中,将功率转换器换向的方法包括将电压信号(其包括直流分量和干扰分量)积分来生成积分电压值,将该积分电压值与预定阈值比较,当该积分电压值等于该预定阈值时触发该功率转换器的换向。
在再另一个实施例中,功率转换器系统包括:输入组件,其包括至少一个逆变器;输出组件,其包括电耦合于相应马达绕组的多个晶体管对;直流(DC)链路,其电耦合在该输入组件和该输出组件之间;以及控制单元,其配置成从该DC链路和该输出组件的输出中的至少一个接收电压信号,关于时间将该电压信号积分来产生脉冲列,将响应于该脉冲列的计数器增量,并且使用该计数器的该增量触发该输出组件的状态变化。
附图说明
图1-2示出本文描述的方法和系统的示范性实施例。
图1是根据本发明的示范性实施例的功率转换器系统(PCS)的示意框图;以及
图2是根据本发明的示范性实施例的将功率转换器换向的方法的示意框图。
具体实施方式
下列详细描述通过示例而不通过限制的方式说明本发明的实施例。预想本发明对于将工业、商业和住宅应用中的功率转换系统换向的分析和方法实施例通用。
如本文使用的,以单数列举的并且具有单词“一”在前的元件或步骤应该理解为不排除复数个元件或步骤,除非这样的排除被明确地列举。此外,对本发明的“一个实施例”的引用不意在解释为排除也包含列举的特征的另外的实施例的存在。
本发明的实施例利用实时条件来促使实施而没有过度的延迟。这样的条件基于考虑包括干扰的条件的实时测量、使用相对简单的可机械化的转变控制器而满足。受到大多数关注的干扰是在实施期内影响系统发散性的那些干扰。
简单的可机械化的转变控制器包括不依赖于推断出将来切换将发生的时间(如果系统仍然收敛在可能已经改变的系统变量)的之前条件的冻结评估的机构,能够估计条件朝转变时间的进展,并且做出条件与设置点的连续比较来触发该转变。
本发明的实施例使用例如输出相电压等伏秒的积累,其自然包括DC链路电压中的干扰、将电路和功率装置换向的影响。在示范性实施例中,使用与循环电流(反向桥)偏置余弦相控制器一致的调制器。
两个重要的机器兼容的转换器测量是径向和环向伏秒(通量)误差。这些类型的不可控误差与不可取的加热电流、扭矩误差和磁化误差(其中全部都是机器的应激物(stressor))高度相关。
这些通量误差项是期望和实际电压矢量之间的净误差矢量的关联分量的连续时间积分。处于稳定状态的该理想期望电压是具有恒定大小的连续旋转矢量,并且该实际施加的波形通过由桥产生的离散矢量的定时序列描述。对于适当形成的施加的波形,径向和环向通量误差在合适的时间段期间是零均值。
图1是根据本发明的示范性实施例的功率转换器系统(PCS)100的示意框图。在该示范性实施例中,PCS100包括输入组件102,该输入组件102包括:至少一个转换器104,其可包括至少一个三相逆变器;输出组件106,其包括电耦合于相应马达绕组110的多个晶体管对108;直流(DC)链路112,其电耦合在输入组件102和输出组件106之间。PCS100还包括控制单元114,其包括处理器115。控制单元114配置成从DC链路112接收电压信号,关于时间将该电压信号积分来确定伏秒值,以预定伏秒值将计数器116增量,并且使用计数器116的该增量触发输出组件106的状态变化。在该示范性实施例中,计数器116包括积分电压计数器,其从DC链路112接收电压信号并且将该接收的电压信号积分来生成伏秒计数。该伏秒计数将计数器116增量来指示何时足够的伏秒已经进入输出组件106以管理在PCS100的输出118处的电流。在一个实施例中,计数器116可采用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)装置体现,并且由∑-Δ调制器装置驱动。在实施例中,相应的马达绕组110安置在例如用于驱动负载122(例如但不限于压缩机等)的电动马达120内。在各种实施例中,相应绕组110安置在其他装置或部件(例如但不限于发电机、公用事业变压器绕组和电抗器等)内。
图2是根据本发明的示范性实施例的将功率转换器换向的方法200的示意框图。在该示范性实施例中,方法200包括将电压信号(其可以包括干扰分量)积分202来生成积分电压值。在一个实施例中,该干扰分量包括噪声分量和干扰分量中的至少一个。方法200还包括将该积分电压值与预定阈值比较204,并且当该积分电压值等于该阈值(其产生于期望电压)时触发206该功率转换器的换向。在该示范性实施例中,DC链路的该积分电压采用伏秒测量。当积分电压计数器满足或超过该阈值时,这触发包括多个晶体管对的换向电路的下一个状态。
如本文使用的,术语处理器指中央处理单元、微处理器、微控制器、精简指令集电路(RISC)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、逻辑电路和任何能够执行本文描述的功能的其它电路或处理器。
如本文使用的,术语“软件”和“固件”是可互换的,并且包括存储在存储器中供处理器115执行的任何计算机程序,该存储器包括RAM存储器、ROM存储器、EPROM存储器、EEPROM存储器以及非易失性RAM(NVRAM)存储器。上文的存储器类型只是示范性的,并且从而关于可用于存储计算机程序的存储器类型不是限制性的。
如将基于前面的说明书意识到的,该公开的上文描述的实施例可使用计算机编程或工程技术实现,这些技术包括计算机软件、固件、硬件或其的任何组合或子集,其中技术效果是减少径向和环向轴线上电压和伏秒中的误差,而不影响可能苦于传统方式来减少这些误差的瞬时带宽(特别当施加于在净切换频率中具有显著限制的功率桥时),使得便于在具有显著切换限制的功率转换系统的输出处具有高保真波形。任何这样所得的程序(具有计算机可读代码部件)可根据该公开论述的实施例在一个或多个计算机可读介质内体现或提供,由此制作计算机程序产品,即制品。该计算机可读介质可是例如但不限于固定(硬)驱动器、软盘、光盘、磁带、例如只读存储器(ROM)等半导体存储器,和/或例如互联网或其他通信网络或链路等任何传送/接收介质。包含计算机代码的该制品可通过直接从一个介质执行代码、通过将代码从一个介质拷贝到另一个介质或通过在网络上传送代码而制作和/或使用。
上文描述的将功率转换器换向的系统和方法的实施例提供成本有效和可靠的方式用于允许大功率桥在要求电参量的高保真和高带宽管理的应用中的应用。更具体地,本文描述的该系统和方法便于除去DC链路电压中的干扰、将电路和功率装置换向的影响(对于其中使用输出电压的情况),使用伏秒的积累来使用实时条件建立换向触发。在示范性实施例中,使用与使余弦偏置的循环电流(反向桥)的相控制器一致的调制器。结果,本文描述的系统和方法便于采用成本有效和可靠的方式在功率转换系统的输出处生成高保真的波形。
该书面说明使用示例来公开本发明,其包括最佳模式,并且还使本领域内技术人员能够实践本发明,包括制作和使用任何装置或系统和进行任何包含的方法。本发明的专利范围由权利要求限定,并且可包括本领域内技术人员想到的其他示例。这样的其他示例如果其具有不与权利要求的书面语言不同的结构元件,或者如果它们包括与权利要求的书面语言无实质区别的等同结构元件则意在权利要求的范围内。
部件列表
100功率转换系统(PCS) 102输入组件
104转换器 106输出组件
108多个晶体管对 110绕组
112DC链路 114控制单元
115处理器 116计数器
118输出 120电动马达
122负载 200方法
202将包括干扰分量的电压信号积分来生成积分电压值
204将积分电压值与预定阈值比较
206当积分电压值等于预定阈值时触发功率转换器的换向
Claims (9)
1.一种换向控制电路,包括:
电耦合于电功率总线的积分电压计数器(116),所述积分电压计数器配置成随时间将从所述电功率总线接收的电压信号积分以生成积分电压信号,所述的积分电压信号为伏秒计数;
比较器,所述比较器配置成将所述积分电压信号与预定阈值比较并且当所述积分电压信号等于所述预定阈值时生成触发信号;
以及
多个晶体管对(108),其配置成接收由所述比较器生成的触发信号并且电耦合于相应电绕组(110)。
2.如权利要求1所述的换向控制电路,其中所述积分电压计数器(116)包括现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)装置。
3.如权利要求1所述的换向控制电路,其中所述积分电压计数器(116)包括∑-Δ调制器装置。
4.如权利要求1所述的换向控制电路,其中所述触发信号配置成将所述多个晶体管对(108)的状态从第一状态改变到第二状态。
5.如权利要求1所述的换向控制电路,其中所述积分电压计数器(116)配置成:
在输入处接收电压信号;
将所述电压信号积分来产生脉冲列;
将响应于所述脉冲列的计数器增量。
6.如权利要求1所述的换向控制电路,其中所述电压信号包括干扰分量、用于生成功率转换器(104)的功率输出的DC分量,所述干扰分量引起所述功率转换器和马达(120)中的至少一个的物理分量的不期望的应激。
7.如权利要求1所述的换向控制电路,其中所述积分电压计数器(116)和所述比较器包含在单个可编程装置中。
8.如权利要求1所述的换向控制电路,其中所述预定阈值使用所述多个晶体管对(108)的输出的大小和相中的至少一个来确定。
9.一种功率转换器系统(100)包括:
输入组件(102),其包括至少一个转换器(104);
输出组件(106),其包括电耦合于相应马达绕组(110)的多个晶体管对(108);以及
直流(DC)链路(112),其电耦合在所述输入组件和所述输出组件之间;
包括积分电压计数器的控制单元(114),其配置成:
从所述直流(DC)链路和所述输出组件的输出中的至少一个接收电压信号;
关于时间将所述电压信号积分来产生脉冲列;
将响应于所述脉冲列的计数器增量;以及
使用所述计数器的所述增量触发所述输出组件的状态变化。
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US12/983,574 US8736207B2 (en) | 2011-01-03 | 2011-01-03 | Method and system for power conversion |
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JP6105845B2 (ja) | 2017-03-29 |
EP2472711A2 (en) | 2012-07-04 |
US9520808B2 (en) | 2016-12-13 |
US8736207B2 (en) | 2014-05-27 |
JP2012143141A (ja) | 2012-07-26 |
US20140268960A1 (en) | 2014-09-18 |
US20120169259A1 (en) | 2012-07-05 |
CN102611340A (zh) | 2012-07-25 |
EP2472711A3 (en) | 2017-06-07 |
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