CN102606420A - Large wind driven power generator and sectional type blade thereof - Google Patents
Large wind driven power generator and sectional type blade thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102606420A CN102606420A CN2012101113402A CN201210111340A CN102606420A CN 102606420 A CN102606420 A CN 102606420A CN 2012101113402 A CN2012101113402 A CN 2012101113402A CN 201210111340 A CN201210111340 A CN 201210111340A CN 102606420 A CN102606420 A CN 102606420A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- blade
- cylindrical shell
- blade root
- blade tip
- root
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Wind Motors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a sectional type blade for a large wind driven power generator. The sectional type blade comprises a blade root and a blade tip connected with the blade root, wherein the blade root comprises a barrel body, a blade-shaped framework and a cover; the blade-shaped framework is arranged on the outer circumferential side of the barrel body and connected with the barrel body; and the cover is covered outside the blade-shaped framework and connected with the barrel body. Due to the structure, the sectional type blade has the advantages of convenience in manufacturing and conveying and low cost. The invention also discloses the large wind driven power generator which comprises the sectional type blade and has the same advantages. Two independent blade pitch variation control systems are adopted in the large wind driven power generator, so that the running reliability and the safety of the wind driven power generator are improved greatly due to the redundancy design.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wind power generation field, particularly, relate to a kind of large-scale wind driven generator and segmented blade thereof.
Background technique
Wind-power electricity generation is the important form of Wind Power Utilization, and wind energy is the energy renewable, pollution-free, that energy is big, prospect is wide, and greatly developing clean energy resource is the strategic choice of countries in the world.The wind power technology equipment is the important component part of wind-powered electricity generation industry; Also be the basis and the guarantee of wind-powered electricity generation industry development; Countries in the world take incentive measure to promote national wind power technology equipment industry development one after another; At present, China's wind power technology equipment industry has obtained than great achievement, and China's wind-powered electricity generation electric motor power at the year ends 2010 leaps to the first in the world according to statistics.
Along with wind-powered electricity generation equipment towards large scale development, the critical component that fan blade is caught as wind energy, it manufactures and designs and is faced with increasing difficulty; The longest in the world blade reaches 66.5 meters at present; Be installed on the 6MW blower fan, along with following 7MW, even the above blower fan of 10MW is developed; Corresponding length of blade also will reach 80 meters, even more than 100 meters.If continue to adopt the blade of existing technology, can bring to comprise manufacturing process the problem of cost of material and transportation aspect.
Simultaneously, the southern area of China wind-resources is carrying out deep exploitation, and these regional economy are flourishing, and power load is big, and wind energy density is big and electrical network is strong, does not have the problems such as being incorporated into the power networks and dissolving of restriction wind-powered electricity generation development.Wind-powered electricity generation will be changed into the development model of " concentrating+disperse ", turn to the low wind speed wind field of exploitation, and encourage to disperse to insert electrical network.This means, need the longer blade applications of exploitation in low wind speed area.And these regional traffic are often inconvenient, and big blade cost of transportation is high.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the segmented blade of the low wind-driven generator of a kind of manufacturing, convenient transportation and cost.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of wind-driven generator that above-mentioned segmented blade is installed.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technological scheme:
A kind of segmented blade of large-scale wind driven generator; Comprise blade root and the blade tip that is connected with blade root; Said blade root comprises cylindrical shell, leaf skeleton and covering, and said leaf skeleton places the cylindrical shell outer circumferential sides and is connected with cylindrical shell, and said covering covers to be overlying on outside the leaf skeleton and with cylindrical shell and is connected.
Further, said leaf skeleton is a plurality of, and drum shaft is to setting gradually in cylindrical shell excircle upper edge, and the line on the leaf top of said a plurality of leaf skeletons forms smooth trailing edge.
Further, said cylindrical shell and covering all adopt metal material.
Further, said leaf skeleton is connected through welding manner with cylindrical shell, and said covering is connected with cylindrical shell and leaf skeleton through rivet, spot welding or bolt.
Have services aperture further, with on the inboard corresponding cylindrical shell of said leaf skeleton.
Further, comprise the blade tip pitch-controlled system, said blade tip pitch-controlled system comprises that blade tip becomes oar driving mechanism and blade tip pitch variable bearings; Said blade tip becomes in the cylindrical shell that the oar driving mechanism is arranged on blade root and with the blade tip pitch variable bearings and is connected.Said blade root and blade tip are rotatably connected through the blade tip pitch variable bearings.
Further, the cylindrical shell of said blade root is connected with the blade tip pitch variable bearings through screw.
Further, the position that is connected with blade root on the said blade tip is embedded with thread head, and blade tip is connected with the blade tip pitch variable bearings through stud bolt.
A kind of large-scale wind driven generator comprises axial fan hub, and above-mentioned segmented blade is installed on the said axial fan hub.
Further, comprise the blade root pitch-controlled system, said blade root pitch-controlled system comprises that blade root becomes oar driving mechanism and blade root pitch variable bearings; Said blade root change oar driving mechanism is arranged in the axial fan hub and with the blade root pitch variable bearings and is connected, and said axial fan hub and blade root are rotatably connected through the blade root pitch variable bearings.
The present invention has following beneficial effect through adopting technique scheme:
1, wind-driven generator of the present invention adopts the segmented blade shape, and subsection blade is made easily, convenient transportation, and assembled in situ is simple; Leaf root part adopts cylindrical shell, leaf skeleton and stressed-skin construction; Its middle cylinder body is a supportive body; Leaf skeleton also can reduce the support frame material consumption when playing a supporting role, add covering, especially the design of metal skin; When the blade integral structure is firm, leaf weight be can alleviate, manufacturing, cost of transportation reduced.
2, design through arranging structure, meet the aeroperformance requirement of blade leaf skeleton.
3, through on the cylindrical shell corresponding with leaf skeleton inboard, having services aperture, can make things convenient for the maintenance of blade covering, also can alleviate leaf weight simultaneously, convenient transportation reduces cost.
4, because the blade tip position is short and small and structure is light, through the blade tip pitch-controlled system is set, can carries out segmentation to blade tip and become oar, realize operations such as fast power adjusting, aerodynamic brake and shutdown maintenance more easily.
5, large-scale wind driven generator of the present invention is owing to contain above-mentioned segmented blade; Also has above-mentioned beneficial effect; Simultaneously; Through blade tip pitch-controlled system and blade root pitch-controlled system are set in large-scale wind driven generator, two independently pitch-controlled systems can be realized Redundancy Design, improve the operational reliability and the Security of wind-driven generator greatly.
Through accompanying drawing and embodiment, technological scheme of the present invention is done further detailed description below.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic representation of segmented blade;
Fig. 2 is the leaf and root structure schematic representation of segmented blade;
Fig. 3 is the tip structure schematic representation of segmented blade;
Fig. 4 is the blade tip pitch-controlled system structural representation of segmented blade;
Fig. 5 is that the blade tip of segmented blade becomes the oar design sketch.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described, should be appreciated that preferred embodiment described herein only is used for explanation and explains the present invention, and be not used in qualification the present invention.
Like Fig. 1, shown in 2, the segmented blade of a kind of large-scale wind driven generator of the present invention comprises blade root 1 and the blade tip 2 that is connected with blade root 1, through with the blade section design, can solve manufacturing of the prior art and hard transportation problem; Wherein blade root 1 comprises cylindrical shell 11, leaf skeleton 12 and covering 13, and leaf skeleton 12 places cylindrical shell 11 outer circumferential sides and is connected with cylindrical shell 11, and covering 13 covers to be overlying on outside the leaf skeleton 12 and with cylindrical shell 11 and is connected.Through the structural design of above-mentioned leaf root part, can reduce the weight of blade, convenient transportation guaranteeing to reduce cost of material under the firm situation of blade integral structure.
In order to guarantee the aeroperformance of whole blade, above-mentioned leaf skeleton 12 is a plurality of, axially set gradually at cylindrical shell 11 excircle upper edge cylindrical shells 11, and the line on the leaf top of a plurality of leaf skeletons 12 forms smooth trailing edge.
In the above-described embodiments, can also set, all can adopt metal material, certainly, the material of cylindrical shell 11 and covering 13 is not limited to metal material like cylindrical shell 11 and covering 13 to the cylindrical shell 11 of blade root 1 and the material of covering 13.Blade tip 2 parts can adopt conventional epoxy resin blade or the fine blade of carbon.
In the above-described embodiments; Can also set the Connecting format of each constituent element of blade root 1; Be connected through welding manner like leaf skeleton 12 and cylindrical shell 11, covering 13 is connected with cylindrical shell 11 and leaf skeleton 12 through rivet, spot welding or bolt, after polishing; Covering 13 surface lacquers are handled, and realize anticorrosion.
Covering 13 periodic maintenance for ease and the further weight that reduces blade in the foregoing description, have services aperture 14 on the cylindrical shells 11 corresponding with said leaf skeleton 12 inboards.
In the above-described embodiments, consider that blade tip 2 light in structure are little, also can do further design the function of segmented blade; For example; For blade tip pitch-controlled system of segmented Blade Design, as shown in Figure 4, the blade tip pitch-controlled system comprises that blade tip becomes oar driving mechanism 3 and blade tip pitch variable bearings 4; Blade tip becomes in the cylindrical shell 11 that oar driving mechanism 3 is arranged on blade root and with blade tip pitch variable bearings 4 and is connected.Blade root 1 is rotatably connected through blade tip pitch variable bearings 4 with blade tip 2.
The present invention also provides a kind of large-scale wind driven generator, comprises axial fan hub, and above-mentioned segmented blade is installed on the axial fan hub.Because above-mentioned segmented blade has been installed, this large-scale wind driven generator also has identical beneficial effect.
Can also do further improvement to the function of the large-scale wind driven generator of the foregoing description, promptly design the another set of pitch-controlled system-blade root pitch-controlled system except the blade tip pitch-controlled system, the blade root pitch-controlled system comprises that blade root becomes oar driving mechanism and blade root pitch variable bearings; Blade root change oar driving mechanism is arranged in the axial fan hub and with the blade root pitch variable bearings and is connected, and axial fan hub and blade root are rotatably connected through the blade root pitch variable bearings.Above-mentioned blade root pitch-controlled system is consistent with blade tip pitch-controlled system principle, through the change oar driving mechanism of correspondence, realizes whole vane propeller-changing.Through the separate pitch-controlled system of two covers is set in large-scale wind driven generator, this Redundancy Design can improve the operational reliability and the Security of wind-driven generator greatly.
What should explain at last is: the above is merely the preferred embodiments of the present invention; Be not limited to the present invention; Although the present invention has been carried out detailed explanation with reference to previous embodiment; For a person skilled in the art, it still can be made amendment to the technological scheme that previous embodiment is put down in writing, and perhaps part technical characteristics wherein is equal to replacement.All within spirit of the present invention and principle, any modification of being done, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the segmented blade of a large-scale wind driven generator; It is characterized in that; Comprise blade root and the blade tip that is connected with blade root; Said blade root comprises cylindrical shell, leaf skeleton and covering, and said leaf skeleton places the cylindrical shell outer circumferential sides and is connected with cylindrical shell, and said covering covers to be overlying on outside the leaf skeleton and with cylindrical shell and is connected.
2. segmented blade according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said leaf skeleton is a plurality of, and drum shaft is to setting gradually in cylindrical shell excircle upper edge, and the line on the leaf top of said a plurality of leaf skeletons forms smooth trailing edge.
3. segmented blade according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that said cylindrical shell and covering all adopt metal material.
4. segmented blade according to claim 3 is characterized in that, said leaf skeleton is connected through welding manner with cylindrical shell, and said covering is connected with cylindrical shell and leaf skeleton through rivet, spot welding or bolt.
5. segmented blade according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, has services aperture on the cylindrical shell corresponding with said leaf skeleton inboard.
6. segmented blade according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, comprises the blade tip pitch-controlled system, and said blade tip pitch-controlled system comprises that blade tip becomes oar driving mechanism and blade tip pitch variable bearings; Said blade tip becomes in the cylindrical shell that the oar driving mechanism is arranged on blade root and with the blade tip pitch variable bearings and is connected.Said blade root and blade tip are rotatably connected through the blade tip pitch variable bearings.
7. segmented blade according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the cylindrical shell of said blade root is connected with the blade tip pitch variable bearings through screw.
8. segmented blade according to claim 6 is characterized in that the position that is connected with blade root on the said blade tip is embedded with thread head, and blade tip is connected with the blade tip pitch variable bearings through stud bolt.
9. a large-scale wind driven generator comprises axial fan hub, it is characterized in that, each described segmented blade of claim 1-8 is installed on the said axial fan hub.
10. large-scale wind driven generator according to claim 9 is characterized in that, comprises the blade root pitch-controlled system, and said blade root pitch-controlled system comprises that blade root becomes oar driving mechanism and blade root pitch variable bearings; Said blade root change oar driving mechanism is arranged in the axial fan hub and with the blade root pitch variable bearings and is connected, and said axial fan hub and blade root are rotatably connected through the blade root pitch variable bearings.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201210111340.2A CN102606420B (en) | 2012-04-16 | 2012-04-16 | Large wind driven power generator and sectional type blade thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201210111340.2A CN102606420B (en) | 2012-04-16 | 2012-04-16 | Large wind driven power generator and sectional type blade thereof |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN102606420A true CN102606420A (en) | 2012-07-25 |
CN102606420B CN102606420B (en) | 2014-12-10 |
Family
ID=46524096
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201210111340.2A Active CN102606420B (en) | 2012-04-16 | 2012-04-16 | Large wind driven power generator and sectional type blade thereof |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN102606420B (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103291552A (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2013-09-11 | 浙江大学宁波理工学院 | Multi-blade multi-driving-paddle wind machine structure |
CN103629044A (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2014-03-12 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Blade root structure of horizontal-axis wind turbine blade |
CN108266311A (en) * | 2018-01-16 | 2018-07-10 | 陈博涵 | A kind of wind power generation blade of power self-regulation |
CN110439743A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2019-11-12 | 上海电气风电集团有限公司 | A kind of novel wind motor subsection blade |
CN112483307A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-03-12 | 西安交通大学 | Three-section pivoting type wind driven generator blade |
Citations (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4739354A (en) * | 1986-02-20 | 1988-04-19 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Film drive device |
ES2144336A1 (en) * | 1996-11-15 | 2000-06-01 | Torres Martinez M | Blade for wind-powered generator |
EP1184566A1 (en) * | 1999-05-31 | 2002-03-06 | Manuel Torres Martinez | Aerogenerator blade |
FR2863319A1 (en) * | 2003-12-09 | 2005-06-10 | Ocea Sa | Wind generator`s blade for producing electricity, has ribs coupled to mast using sticking lip, and layer coupled to ribs by sticking lip, where sticking lip is constituted of bi-component polyurethane adhesive |
CN2886120Y (en) * | 2006-01-16 | 2007-04-04 | 南通锴炼风电设备有限公司 | 40m intelligent blade mechanism of wind-driven electric generator |
CN2918779Y (en) * | 2006-05-18 | 2007-07-04 | 阚泽 | Plume type wind-power generator group windwheel blade |
CN201159131Y (en) * | 2008-01-25 | 2008-12-03 | 张延胜 | Wind motor blade |
CN201730759U (en) * | 2010-04-21 | 2011-02-02 | 浙江恒通机械有限公司 | Wind turbine blade |
CN102235297A (en) * | 2010-04-28 | 2011-11-09 | 通用电气公司 | Wind turbine with integrated design and controlling method |
DE202011103091U1 (en) * | 2010-07-14 | 2011-11-24 | Envision Energy (Denmark) A.P.S. | hub extension |
CN202056007U (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2011-11-30 | 三一电气有限责任公司 | High-power wind generator and blade thereof |
CN202545133U (en) * | 2012-04-16 | 2012-11-21 | 国电联合动力技术有限公司 | Large-scale wind-driven generator and segmental blades thereof |
-
2012
- 2012-04-16 CN CN201210111340.2A patent/CN102606420B/en active Active
Patent Citations (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4739354A (en) * | 1986-02-20 | 1988-04-19 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Film drive device |
ES2144336A1 (en) * | 1996-11-15 | 2000-06-01 | Torres Martinez M | Blade for wind-powered generator |
EP1184566A1 (en) * | 1999-05-31 | 2002-03-06 | Manuel Torres Martinez | Aerogenerator blade |
FR2863319A1 (en) * | 2003-12-09 | 2005-06-10 | Ocea Sa | Wind generator`s blade for producing electricity, has ribs coupled to mast using sticking lip, and layer coupled to ribs by sticking lip, where sticking lip is constituted of bi-component polyurethane adhesive |
CN2886120Y (en) * | 2006-01-16 | 2007-04-04 | 南通锴炼风电设备有限公司 | 40m intelligent blade mechanism of wind-driven electric generator |
CN2918779Y (en) * | 2006-05-18 | 2007-07-04 | 阚泽 | Plume type wind-power generator group windwheel blade |
CN201159131Y (en) * | 2008-01-25 | 2008-12-03 | 张延胜 | Wind motor blade |
CN201730759U (en) * | 2010-04-21 | 2011-02-02 | 浙江恒通机械有限公司 | Wind turbine blade |
CN102235297A (en) * | 2010-04-28 | 2011-11-09 | 通用电气公司 | Wind turbine with integrated design and controlling method |
DE202011103091U1 (en) * | 2010-07-14 | 2011-11-24 | Envision Energy (Denmark) A.P.S. | hub extension |
CN202056007U (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2011-11-30 | 三一电气有限责任公司 | High-power wind generator and blade thereof |
CN202545133U (en) * | 2012-04-16 | 2012-11-21 | 国电联合动力技术有限公司 | Large-scale wind-driven generator and segmental blades thereof |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103291552A (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2013-09-11 | 浙江大学宁波理工学院 | Multi-blade multi-driving-paddle wind machine structure |
CN103629044A (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2014-03-12 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Blade root structure of horizontal-axis wind turbine blade |
CN103629044B (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2016-08-31 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | A kind of leaf and root structure of Blades For Horizontal Axis Wind |
CN108266311A (en) * | 2018-01-16 | 2018-07-10 | 陈博涵 | A kind of wind power generation blade of power self-regulation |
CN110439743A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2019-11-12 | 上海电气风电集团有限公司 | A kind of novel wind motor subsection blade |
CN112483307A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-03-12 | 西安交通大学 | Three-section pivoting type wind driven generator blade |
CN112483307B (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2022-04-05 | 西安交通大学 | Three-section pivoting type wind driven generator blade |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN102606420B (en) | 2014-12-10 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Bavanish et al. | Optimization of power coefficient on a horizontal axis wind turbine using bem theory | |
CN104847579B (en) | Adjustable vane angle of attack two-layer equation wind wheel vertical axis aerogenerator | |
CN102606420B (en) | Large wind driven power generator and sectional type blade thereof | |
CN101749188A (en) | Root sleeve for wind turbine blade | |
CN101289993A (en) | Wind power generation system | |
CN202545133U (en) | Large-scale wind-driven generator and segmental blades thereof | |
AU2011213426A1 (en) | High-efficiency high-power vertical axis wind generator | |
CN205349609U (en) | Automatic become oar wind wheel structure | |
CN201433856Y (en) | Combined wind driven generator | |
CN201386622Y (en) | Vertical shaft flag type wind-driven impeller | |
JP6582042B2 (en) | Vertical axis wind turbine that can control output | |
CN201827023U (en) | Blind type vertical shaft wind driven generator | |
CN201521401U (en) | Low-resistance efficient wind wheel windmill generator | |
CN204677368U (en) | Self adaption collective wind type Double-rotor wind-driven generator | |
CN101571102B (en) | Root adjustable horizontal shaft wind-power blade | |
CN202300833U (en) | Vertical-shaft loose-leaf wind turbine | |
CN107859593A (en) | Coupled mode vertical axis aerogenerator and its electricity-generating method | |
CN205001120U (en) | Vertical axle wind turbine blade | |
CN202756179U (en) | Breeze and solar hybrid efficient low-resistance power generator | |
CN201513298U (en) | Horizontal type wind generating set | |
CN205955909U (en) | Adjustable wind power generation blade | |
CN104595104A (en) | Vertical shaft fan impeller with flexible vanes | |
CN102146878B (en) | Energy-increasing wing and wind wheel of vertical axis wind power generator with energy-increasing wing | |
CN203906186U (en) | Fan blade for wind turbine generator | |
CN201620999U (en) | Shell-like impedanceless generator with vertical shaft |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |