Background technology
In recent decades, the polymer materialss such as plastics, rubber, synthon and goods thereof obtain flourish, they replace just rapidly the natural polymers such as steel, metal, cement and timber, cotton, are widely used in each department of the national economy such as industry, agricultural, military affairs.But synthetic materials belongs to inflammable, combustible matl mostly, fire retardant material then often contains very high halogen, in combustion processes, can produce a large amount of toxic gases, cause the harm to environment, life security to people forms grave danger, therefore, the toxicant that produces when how to improve the flame retardant properties of synthetic materials and reducing its burning has become a urgent problem.
The world today, annual personnel and the property damage that causes because of fire is very huge, and fire preventing becomes people's very urgent hope in the heart.The major cause that causes a large amount of injures and deaths of personnel is cigarette and the toxic gas that combustible matl discharges when burning.According to Britain and Japan's statistics, dead substantially identical with dead human body in burning with toxic gas in cigarette, be 40% ~ 50%, the statistical information of U.S.'s fire-fighting foundation shows that 80% death is because toxicity on inhalation gas causes in the fire.In Marvenus Island War, on the His Majesty's of being hit by a bullet among dead more than 300 officers and men, most victims have due to the flue gas that contains carbon monoxide and hydrogenchloride that the PVC cable of burning discharges, and in the Korea S Taegu railcar fire failure in 2003,92% victim is owing to contain in a large number the smog of toxicant and cause death.
In the Coal Electricity cable two more than ten years practice processes in the past, experienced by non-fire-retardant to fire-retardant innovation, but existing coal mine flame-retardant cable, its sheath material adopts chloride polymeric material mostly, in case meet the fire burning, its amount of smoke that discharges is very large, and the transmittance that records with IEC60134 is below 10%, and the hydrogen chloride gas body burden of its release is then up to 200 ~ 300mg/g.So dense smog is added the toxic gases such as hydrogenchloride, hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide that produce when burning, and is stimulating people's respiratory system and is causing septicemia, and subsurface environment is comparatively narrow in addition, and disaster affected people is difficult in time escape the inferno.In the China's coal-mine fire failure, the number that suffers from this " secondary injury " also is very considerable.For this reason, the development colliery is very necessary and important with low-smoke low-halogen retardant cable material formula with at colliery down-hole application low-smoke low-halogen environment-friendly cable, also is the inexorable trend of mine cable development.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of environment-friendly type low-smoke low-halogen mine cable sheath rubber, it can satisfy the fire-retardant needs of mine cable, has again the performance of low-smoke low-halogen, environmental protection.
For achieving the above object, the solution that the present invention takes has two kinds, wherein:
The first environment-friendly type low-smoke low-halogen mine cable sheath rubber, it comprises following component and parts by weight: 100 parts of chlorinated polyethylene rubbers, 10 ~ 15 parts in magnesium oxide, 3 ~ 5 parts of environmental protection stablizers, 5 ~ 8 parts of Microcrystalline Waxes, 15 ~ 25 parts of white carbon blacks, 15 ~ 25 parts in nanometer potter's clay, 15 ~ 25 parts in aluminium hydroxide, 15 ~ 25 parts of environment-friendly composite flame retardant agent, 3 ~ 5 parts of DCP, PDM(meta-phenylene bismaleimide) 3 ~ 5 parts, RD(2,2,4-trimethylammonium-1,2-dihyaroquinoline polymer) 1 ~ 2 part, 10 ~ 15 parts of IPPP, red 3 ~ 5 parts of diarylide yellow or sun-proof.It is applicable to colored sheath.
The second environment-friendly type low-smoke low-halogen mine cable sheath rubber comprises following component and parts by weight: 100 parts of chlorinated polyethylene rubbers, 10 ~ 15 parts in magnesium oxide, 3 ~ 5 parts of environmental protection stablizers, 5 ~ 8 parts of Microcrystalline Waxes, 10 ~ 15 parts of white carbon blacks, 5 ~ 10 parts of carbon blacks, 15 ~ 25 parts in nanometer potter's clay, 15 ~ 25 parts in aluminium hydroxide, 15 ~ 25 parts of environment-friendly composite flame retardant agent, 3 ~ 5 parts of DCP, 3 ~ 5 parts of PDM, 1 ~ 2 part of RD, 10 ~ 15 parts of IPPP.It is applicable to the black sheath.
Above-mentioned environmental protection stablizer is preferably the environmental protection calcium zinc stabilizer, and the environment-friendly composite flame retardant agent is preferably environmental protection magnalium composite flame-retardant agent.
The environment-friendly type low-smoke low-halogen mine cable rubber of the present invention's preparation through test, can fully satisfy the needs of mine cable, also has the characteristics of low-smoke low-halogen, environmental protection, has satisfied the particularly needs of mine cable of special cable.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1
A kind of color environmental protection type low-smoke low-halogen mine cable sheath rubber, it comprises following component and parts by weight: 100 parts of chlorinated polyethylene rubbers, 15 parts in magnesium oxide, 5 parts of environmental protection calcium zinc stabilizers, 5 parts of Microcrystalline Waxes, 20 parts of white carbon blacks, 20 parts in nanometer potter's clay, 20 parts in aluminium hydroxide, 20 parts of environmental protection magnalium composite flame-retardant agents, 5 parts of DCP, 3 parts of PDM, 1 part of RD, 10 parts of IPPP, red 3 parts of diarylide yellow or sun-proof.It is applicable to sheath.
A kind of black environment-friendly type low-smoke low-halogen mine cable sheath rubber comprises following component and parts by weight: 100 parts of chlorinated polyethylene rubbers, 15 parts in magnesium oxide, 5 parts of environmental protection calcium zinc stabilizers, 5 parts of Microcrystalline Waxes, 15 parts of white carbon blacks, 5 parts of carbon blacks, 20 parts in nanometer potter's clay, 20 parts in aluminium hydroxide, 20 parts of environmental protection magnalium composite flame-retardant agents, 5 parts of DCP, 3 parts of PDM, 1 part of RD, 10 parts of IPPP.
Embodiment 2
A kind of color environmental protection type low-smoke low-halogen mine cable sheath rubber, it comprises following component and parts by weight: 100 parts of chlorinated polyethylene rubbers, 10 parts in magnesium oxide, 3 parts of environmental protection calcium zinc stabilizers, 8 parts of Microcrystalline Waxes, 15 parts of white carbon blacks, 15 parts in nanometer potter's clay, 15 parts in aluminium hydroxide, 15 parts of environmental protection magnalium composite flame-retardant agents, 3 parts of DCP, 5 parts of PDM, 2 parts of RD, IPPP15 part, red 5 parts of diarylide yellow or sun-proof.
A kind of black environment-friendly type low-smoke low-halogen mine cable sheath rubber comprises following component and parts by weight: 100 parts of chlorinated polyethylene rubbers, 10 parts in magnesium oxide, 3 parts of environmental protection calcium zinc stabilizers, 8 parts of Microcrystalline Waxes, 15 parts of white carbon blacks, 10 parts of carbon blacks, 15 parts in nanometer potter's clay, 15 parts in aluminium hydroxide, 15 parts of environmental protection magnalium composite flame-retardant agents, 3 parts of DCP, 5 parts of PDM, 2 parts of RD, 15 parts of IPPP.
Embodiment 3
A kind of color environmental protection type low-smoke low-halogen mine cable sheath rubber, it comprises following component and parts by weight: 100 parts of chlorinated polyethylene rubbers, 12 parts in magnesium oxide, 4 parts of environmental protection calcium zinc stabilizers, 6 parts of Microcrystalline Waxes, 25 parts of white carbon blacks, 25 parts in nanometer potter's clay, 25 parts in aluminium hydroxide, 25 parts of environmental protection magnalium composite flame-retardant agents, 4 parts of DCP, 4 parts of PDM, 2 parts of RD, 12 parts of IPPP, red 4 parts of diarylide yellow or sun-proof.
A kind of black environment-friendly type low-smoke low-halogen mine cable sheath rubber comprises following component and parts by weight: 100 parts of chlorinated polyethylene rubbers, 12 parts in magnesium oxide, 4 parts of environmental protection calcium zinc stabilizers, 6 parts of Microcrystalline Waxes, 25 parts of white carbon blacks, 8 parts of carbon blacks, 25 parts in nanometer potter's clay, 25 parts in aluminium hydroxide, 25 parts of environmental protection magnalium composite flame-retardant agents, 4 parts of DCP, 2 parts of PDM, 2 parts of RD, 12 parts of IPPP.
The component explanation:
Chlorinated polyethylene rubber has good mechanical property, flame retardant properties, resistance toheat, oil resistance, and processing characteristics is excellent, is the most widely material of nowadays using in the mine soft cable sheath.We stipulate that in MT818-2009 the oversheath rubber should meet XH-03A type requirement among the GB7594-1987, and anti tear are not less than 5N/mm, so when formulating of recipe, should consider flame retardant resistance, high tear resistance, consider again the low-smoke low-halogen feature of environmental protection.Therefore, select as follows to each system material:
1, the selection of rubber
The chlorinatedpolyethylene that is used for the electric wire and cable jacket material, the most frequently used is that cl content is 35% type, the chlorinated polyethylene rubber of this type has good flame retardant properties, and content of halogen is moderate, is suitable for as the framework material of producing low-smoke low-halogen environment-friendly type mine cable sheath rubber.And cl content to be 35% chlorinated polyethylene rubber be divided into low Mooney, medium Mooney and high Mooney three classes of waiting, from physical and mechanical properties and the sizing material processing characteristics of product, we select the chlorinated polyethylene rubber Weiprene 6135 of medium Mooney type.
2, the selection of vulcanization system
The most frequently used vulcanization system of chlorinated polyethylene rubber is peroxide vulcanizing system, in peroxide vulcanizing agent, we adopt the most frequently used dicumyl peroxide (DCP), simultaneously in order to reach better cross-linking effect, so that sizing material has better physical and mechanical properties, we select PDM as cocuring agent.
3, the selection of fire retardant
The most frequently used fire retardant is antimonous oxide in the chlorinated polyethylene rubber, but because antimonous oxide amount of being fuming in combustion processes is larger, so be not suitable for the low-smoke low-halogen ep-type material; Oxyhydroxide has smoke suppressing effect, but because its flame retardant properties is relatively poor, needs a large amount of fillings just can realize preferably flame retardant effect, but the physical and mechanical properties impact on sizing material is larger after a large amount of the filling; Though the organic fire-retardant flame retardant effect is good, the material of producing after its burning has acidity mostly, also is not suitable for the low-smoke low-halogen ep-type material.Comprehensive above-mentioned situation, we have selected a kind of efficient composite flame-retardant agent, and this fire retardant does not contain halogen, has smoke suppressing effect and the feature of environmental protection, in addition, the amount of being fuming when selecting an amount of aluminium hydroxide to burn in order to reduce.
4, the selection of weighting agent
Because carbon black has certain influence to flame retardant effect, so do not select carbon black as strengthening agent, because sheath material is had the anti tear requirement, therefore, select white carbon black as supporting material in addition, also be beneficial to the tear resistance that promotes sheath material.But the white carbon black consumption can not be too much, otherwise affect the sizing material processing characteristics and postpone sulfuration, need to select another supporting material, we have selected a kind of nanometer reinforcement potter's clay, and this kind potter's clay has preferably reinforcing property, also are favourable to promoting the sheath material anti tear, this potter's clay is weakly alkaline, less on sulfuration impact, can also reduce the mooney viscosity of sheath sizing material, promote sheath sizing material processing characteristics.
5, the selection of softening agent
In the softening agent, olefin material is used very general, and we select microcrystalline wax, and microcrystalline wax easily disperses, and processibility is good, can also make the sheath sizing material have certain ozone resistance.When selection operation oil, though clorafin has good flame retardant properties, it can increase the hydrogenchloride burst size but when burning, be not suitable for using in the low-smoke low-halogen environment-friendly type sheath rubber, and its flame retardant resistance of dioctyl phthalate (DOP) (DOP) is relatively poor, and clorafin and DOP are the concerned materials of height in the REACH of the European Union environmental protection instruction, do not meet environmental requirement.So we have selected a kind of phosphorous softening agent, ISOPROPYL PHENYL DIPHENYL PHOSPHATE (IPPP), it has certain flame retardant properties, and not halogen-containing element, also meets the European Union environmental protection requirement.
6, other auxiliary agents
Because chlorinatedpolyethylene meeting decomposition hydrogenchloride in the life-time service process accelerates it and wears out, so but the material that need select some absorbing hydrogen chlorides is as stablizer, magnesium oxide is except as the vulcanization leveller, can absorb a certain amount of hydrogenchloride, we select a kind of environmental protection stablizer in addition, owing to it is not leaded, compare with traditional leaded class stablizer to have more the feature of environmental protection.The chlorinatedpolyethylene main chain is saturated structures, and heat aging property is better, but still need to add an amount of anti-aging agent to satisfy aging requirement, still select heat-proof aging better and on the less RD of sulfuration impact as anti-aging agent.
Through formula test research repeatedly, final, we have tested two environment-friendly type low-smoke low-halogen sheath formula of rubber, and test-results sees Table 1.
Table 1 environment-friendly type low-smoke low-halogen sheath formula of rubber test-results
Sequence number |
Performance project |
Prescription one |
Prescription two |
1 |
Physical and mechanical properties before aging |
|
|
1.1 |
Tensile strength (MPa) |
13.5 |
13.9 |
1.2 |
Elongation at break (%) |
500 |
520 |
1.3 |
Tearing toughness (N/mm) |
9.0 |
8.7 |
2 |
The air chest weathering test (75 ℃ * 240h) |
|
|
2.1 |
Tensile strength velocity of variation (%) |
+10 |
+9 |
2.2 |
Elongation at break velocity of variation (%) |
-15 |
-17 |
3 |
The immersion oil test (IRM902 oil, 100 ℃ * 24h) |
|
|
3.1 |
Tensile strength velocity of variation (%) |
-22 |
-20 |
3.2 |
Elongation at break velocity of variation (%) |
-25 |
-23 |
4 |
Limiting oxygen index(LOI) (%) |
37 |
36 |
Use above-mentioned prescription, according to the technological process of production shown in Figure 1, we have manufactured experimently the environment-friendly type low-smoke low-halogen mine cable of two different model specifications: MY-0.38/0.66kV 3 * 16+1 * 10mm
2And MYP-0.66/1.14kV 3 * 16+1 * 10mm
2, its jacket test the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 finished cable jacket test result
Sequence number |
Performance project |
MY-0.38/0.66 3×16+1×10 |
MYP-0.66/1.14 3×16+1×10 |
1 |
Physical and mechanical properties before aging |
|
|
1.1 |
Tensile strength (MPa) |
12.9 |
12.5 |
1.2 |
Elongation at break (%) |
480 |
500 |
1.3 |
Tearing toughness (N/mm) |
8.2 |
8.9 |
2 |
The air chest weathering test (75 ℃ * 240h) |
|
|
2.1 |
Tensile strength velocity of variation (%) |
+11 |
+13 |
2.2 |
Elongation at break velocity of variation (%) |
-18 |
-15 |
3 |
The immersion oil test (IRM902 oil, 100 ℃ * 24h) |
|
|
Table 2(is continuous)
Sequence number |
Performance project |
MY-0.38/0.66 3×16+1×10 |
MYP-0.66/1.14 3×16+1×10 |
3.1 |
Tensile strength velocity of variation (%) |
-18 |
-20 |
3.2 |
Elongation at break velocity of variation (%) |
-20 |
-21 |
4 |
Fire retardancy test |
|
|
4.1 |
Single testing vertical flammability |
|
|
4.1.1 |
Distance (mm) between upper anchor clamps lower edge and the charing part starting point |
300 |
310 |
4.1.2 |
Burning is to the distance (mm) of charing point Yu the upper anchor clamps lower edge of downward-extension |
480 |
475 |
4.2 |
Bunched burning test |
|
|
|
The length of charing and nozzle base are upwards apart from (m) on the sample |
1.4 |
1.2 |
4.3 |
Combustion test under the loading condition |
|
|
4.3.1 |
Sample after flame time (min) |
2 |
2 |
4.3.2 |
Char length (mm) |
8 |
7 |
5 |
Smoke density (minimum transmittance) (%) |
48% |
51% |
6 |
HCl air release amount (mg/g) |
33 |
31 |
Show that from above-mentioned testing data this environment-friendly type low-smoke low-halogen mine cable sheath rubber can fully satisfy the needs of mine cable, also has the characteristics of low-smoke low-halogen, environmental protection.In the time of can greatly reducing the colliery presence of fire, the injury that smog and toxic gas produce human body is compared with traditional mine cable and to be had higher safety coefficient, extremely meets the development trend of mine cable.