CN102597674A - Device for processing wet biomass by frying - Google Patents
Device for processing wet biomass by frying Download PDFInfo
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- CN102597674A CN102597674A CN2010800428118A CN201080042811A CN102597674A CN 102597674 A CN102597674 A CN 102597674A CN 2010800428118 A CN2010800428118 A CN 2010800428118A CN 201080042811 A CN201080042811 A CN 201080042811A CN 102597674 A CN102597674 A CN 102597674A
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- barrel
- oil
- living beings
- oil groove
- equipment
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
- F26B5/005—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by dipping them into or mixing them with a chemical liquid, e.g. organic; chemical, e.g. organic, dewatering aids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
- F26B5/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum
- F26B5/041—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum for drying flowable materials, e.g. suspensions, bulk goods, in a continuous operation, e.g. with locks or other air tight arrangements for charging/discharging
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B7/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes using a combination of processes not covered by a single one of groups F26B3/00 and F26B5/00
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Frying-Pans Or Fryers (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a device for processing wet biomass by frying, comprising a first tank (1) containing a first oil bath (108) that is kept at a temperature for frying the biomass, a means for feeding the biomass into said first tank, a second tank (2) containing a second oil bath (211) at a temperature lower than said frying temperature, the first and second tank being communicating spaces, a means (3) for transferring fried solid material from the first tank into the second tank, and a means (210) for discharging the fried solid material out of the second tank. A means for keeping the oil in the first bath at a temperature for frying the biomass comprises a means (401) for collecting oil from the second tank, a means for heating the collected oil, and a means (412) for injecting the heated oil into the first tank.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field through the wet living beings of fried technical finesse.It relates more particularly to be used for the equipment of this processing.
Background technology
In this manual, living beings are meant the organic matter of all types that water content is bigger, and no matter where moisture originates, and moisture is at least 50% especially.The applied biomass examples of the present invention is as both can being the mud that for example comes from purifying station; Paper industry waste material, slaughter-house refuse, agricultural residue etc.; Again or derive from plant---like food---material, biological waste, also can be the deposit such as brown coal or mud coal.
The present invention that will describe in this manual especially is preferred, but for non-circumscribed application is for example through fried dehydration, utilizes living beings to make solid fuel.In a similar fashion, the present invention also is applied to the fried of food, or the sanitized of medical biological waste for example, maybe can allow to obtain especially to storing in the processing with other any kind of transportable solid material in fried back.
Proposed to utilize the wet living beings of so-called fried dehydration techniques make use to produce the equipment of solid fuel in the prior art.This technology itself is known.Through wet living beings are contacted with the suitable oil of temperature, said equipment can greatly increase the low heat value PCI of fried living beings, makes it until about 15-20MJ/kg.This especially comes from oil immersion in living beings and dry synergy in frying course.The solid material that is obtained is health, can store, can transport and can be used as the energy and rise in value.
For example, can quote the document WO 2009/03825 of prior art, wherein describe a kind of equipment; This equipment comprises dewatering unit; This dewatering unit holds by the oil groove of burner heating, and introduce in the said oil groove and treat fried material, and the cooling unit of the fuel that is obtained.Drive fried material through worm screw or conveyer belt and get into the cylindrical drum inside of filling oil, realize the living beings control of the time of staying in oil.The shortcoming of this equipment need especially to be the lot of energy supply could realize forming the fried of fuel.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to remedy the shortcoming of existing equipment through the wet living beings of fried processing; Especially be intended to remedy the above-mentioned shortcoming of mentioning; And a kind of equipment proposed; This equipment needs less energy to supply with in when operation, and therefore has the operating cost of minimizing and can obtain to separate with grease and moisture controlled solid material fully.
Thereby the wet living beings of the fried technical finesse of usefulness according to the present invention form the equipment of solid fuel from these living beings comprises: first barrel; It is fried bucket; This fried bucket accommodates first oil groove, can make the oil in this first oil groove remain on the fried so-called frying temperature that can guarantee living beings; I.e. obvious higher temperature, for example at least 5 ℃ and the device that remains on the boiling temperature of water, and living beings are introduced this device of first barrel.
Said equipment is characterised in that it comprises second barrel, i.e. separating barrel, and this separating barrel forms the device that the fried solid material in first oil groove is separated with oil through gravitational settling, and said second barrel is held second oil groove that temperature is lower than frying temperature.The inside of first barrel and second barrel is communicated with, thus make its oil groove that holds separately naturally reciprocally fluid power be communicated with.Also comprise according to equipment of the present invention the solid-state fried material that is obtained by living beings is delivered in second barrel from first barrel; More properly be delivered to the transport in second oil groove, and the solid-state fried material that will separate with oil through gravitational settling is discharged to the discharger outside second barrel from first oil groove.Remain on definite the oil of first oil groove and the device fried temperature of controllable living beings, it comprises the extraction element of the oil in second barrel, the heater of the oil that is extracted and the device of inciting somebody to action first barrel of heated thus oil injection.
At this, any fluidised form grease thing contained in term " oil ", and more generally comprise be characterized as water insoluble, under the temperature that is higher than the water boiling temperature, keep any fluid stable and that have high caloric value.To make solid fuel in order accomplishing, particularly preferably to be the oil and the grease that from the agricultural food product waste material of animal and plant, obtain among the present invention, heated and become the grease or the grease waste material of liquid purifying station in advance by wet waste material.
According to the present invention, say on the stricti jurise that the fried of living beings is done in first barrel, the residing temperature of oil groove in said first barrel is enough to be used in guaranteeing said fried.Form through fried dehydration in a conventional manner thus living beings.Water vapour effusion oil groove during said dehydration causes first barrel.With self known mode, thus obtained solid fuel has bigger caloric value.
In preferred implementation of the present invention, first barrel oil groove occupies first barrel about 1/4th height.
In second barrel, realize the separating of oil in solid-state fried material and the oil groove.Advantageously, the boiling of the water that lower oily temperature can stop in the living beings being discharged in second oil groove, thereby the said separation of facilitation.
With mode fully better; In second oil groove, produce, accumulate heat in solid-state fried material to the oil transmission, said heat is transmitted especially and being secured permission through the relatively long time of staying of solid-state fried material in second oil groove; In said second oil groove, produce separation through gravitational settling; It means that naturally solid stops one specific period in fluid, and under any circumstance, the said time all is enough to guarantee the transmission of said heat.In addition, first oil groove keeps fluid power to link to each other with second oil groove each other, and said oil groove temperature separately keeps approaching.The oil of second oil groove is used to after heating, supply with first barrel oil groove again; Therefore and had higher relatively temperature, guaranteed that living beings are supplied with less by fried external energy to be supplied being injected into before first barrel thereby be used for that therefore said oil is caused sufficiently high temperature.Thus, the fried material heat recovery that on second barrel oil groove level, produces has reduced the consumption of fried institute energy requirement better.
Better, the time of staying of fried material in second oil groove---its definite especially heat transmission that is produced---also partly receives the control of fried solid material being discharged the service speed of the device outside the bucket.
Fried bucket and the form operation of separating barrel with linker, the loss that institute extracts oil in second barrel is replenished by the supply from the oil in first barrel of automatic realization of while.Therefore oil mass in each barrel remains unchanged basically.Better, the present invention has also designed in equipment running process the device that the total amount of the oil that is held in two buckets is remained on basic fixed value.
In addition; Performance according to the energy aspect of equipment of the present invention can also be optimized through favourable selection; With gravitational settling technology fried material is separated so that guarantee with oil based on depositional phenomenon; This time that can not only guarantee that fried material stops in oil is sufficiently long to can realize above-mentioned heat transmission, and itself is also supplied with without any need for energy and just can realize separating.
After heating, re-injected the oil from second oil groove extraction of first oil groove, can also in second oil groove, be purified, promptly before the circulation of its entering heating circuit, separate solid particle fully.
The extra advantage of sedimentation is; Institute's use equipment simplicity mechanically; It does not especially relate to any movable members, thereby makes equipment according to the present invention have the production cost of minimizing, bigger mechanical robustness, and only needs attended operation seldom.
In addition; According to favourable characteristic of the present invention; The heater of the oil that from second barrel, extracts comprises the draw-out device to the water vapour of from first barrel, overflowing in the frying course, and the heat-exchange device between the said water vapour of oil that from second barrel, extracts and extraction from first barrel.
Preferably, said fried bucket comprises the oil droplet separator (d é v é siculateur) of the grease residue that can eliminate the water vapour of overflowing from first oil groove top in the frying course at the upper section at the upper reaches of water vapour extraction opening.
Of the present invention preferred embodiment in; Said equipment also comprises the mechanical compression unit to the water vapour that discharges in the frying course, and this device is located at compressed thus steam and is directed from the upper reaches of second barrel of heat-exchange device between the oil of first barrel of circulation.
Therefore has less relatively energy requirement better according to equipment of the present invention.When oil in first oil groove after the initial heating; Thereby give it and be used to realize fried sufficient temp; In order to keep its operation, this device only needs considerably less external energy to supply with, and said energy is supplied with and especially realized through the heating element heater on the closed circuit that is located at the oil between second barrel and first barrel; Preferably, said heating element heater is arranged on the level with the heat-exchange device of water vapour.At the fried material that the outlet acquisition according to equipment of the present invention separates with oil, it only needs limited energy, is significantly less than the energy requirement of prior-art devices.
Advantageously, with the operation of implementing continuously according to equipment of the present invention, the especially circulation of the oil between two oil grooves, thus obtain maximum energy gain.
Advantageously, with living beings inject first barrel device, with fried material be delivered in second barrel transport and will said fried material discharge second barrel device can operate continuously equally.
At the practical range that is used for making the equipment of solid fuel according to the present invention, reached complete favourable global energy balance, so it can make the solid fuel with big caloric value through needing the device of less energy consumption.Equipment according to the present invention allows to obtain institute's consumed energy and is used to make the ratio between the required theoretical energy of fuel; The potential heat of the water evaporation that contains in this ratio and the living beings is relevant; Also can be as small as 0.4; And in the industrially drying technology that prior art proposes, this ratio is usually between 1.25 and 2.5.
According to favourable characteristic of the present invention, said equipment also comprises the control device of controlling the time of staying of living beings in first oil groove, thereby can control the final moisture content and the oil immersion rate thereof of fried material.
Of the present invention especially preferred embodiment in; Said control device comprises the wheel of being with revolving vane; The said wheel is arranged in first oil groove and can the introducing district of the said living beings of living beings from first barrel be moved to second barrel output window, and said output window preferably constitutes first barrel lower wall.The advantage of said embodiment especially is very well to control the moisture of final fuel.Preferably, said take turns revolving vane and comprise on form the transportation of living beings and the compartment of reception between the square punch framework, the shape of said compartment is basic identical and have a volume that reduces.
Of the present invention preferred embodiment in; The control device of the control time of staying of living beings in oil groove comprises at least one; Be preferably a plurality of blades, said blade pass is crossed the inside edge and is linked to each other with the hinged axis of centres on it of rotation and be arranged in first barrel with the mode that is basically perpendicular to first barrel of lower wall.Said blade begins to extend to the inner space that holds oil groove of bucket from lower wall, and said blade pass crosses the circle wall that the opposite external side edge reaches bucket basically, and the circle wall of this barrel is delimitated for said internal capacity simultaneously.Also comprise control device according to equipment of the present invention to the rotation of the said axis of centres.
Preferably, the said wheel comprises a plurality of blades of compartment of terrain setting regularly each other, and between said blade, determines a plurality of compartments that are substantially triangular in shape the cross section.
Preferably, also comprise the drive unit that makes wheel disperse and rotatablely move according to equipment of the present invention, thereby more advantageously, can control the dehydration rate of living beings better.Said device for example comprises and can---or in the opposite direction---activated the cam clearance of translation in a lateral direction at the blade (or axis of centres) of wheel; Said cam is set up and is constructed to be permeable to make the discrete rotation of its translational motion driver plate; Through make cam respectively be fixed on disk on each guide wheel gap continuously point-like contact, said disk is rotated on the blade that is fixed in wheel.
According to favourable characteristic of the present invention, with solid-state fried material from first barrel be transported to second barrel transport constitute by pipeline, this pipeline is implemented by gravity and also between first oil groove and second oil groove, is realized being communicated with.Said characteristic is especially given simple structure for device, because identity element, promptly pipeline guarantees on the one hand that simultaneously the fluid power between first barrel and second barrel is communicated with, and guarantees on the other hand between two barrels, to carry fried material from an oil groove to another oil groove.In addition, said conveying---said conveying is only implemented by gravity---itself is supplied with without any need for energy.Preferably; The length of said pipeline is enough little so that can make the formed volume of equipment according to the present invention minimize; But be large enough to make the slight cooling of the oil that portion within it circulates simultaneously between first and second barrels, thereby stop the boiling phenomenon of the oil that is circulated to second oil groove and guarantee that therefore solid-state fried material and oil mode with the best in second oil groove produce precipitate and separate.Said characteristic especially can make the present invention reach additional objects, promptly guarantees solid-state fried material and oily good separation through simple mechanism easy to implement.
In said embodiment; In order to reach said purpose better; Preferably; The size of said equipment is configured to can guarantee to enter into from first oil groove bigger minimizing of hydraulic-driven speed formation of the solid-state fried material and the oil of second oil groove, to such an extent as to improve the separation that is produced by gravitational settling in second oil groove.Preferably, the ratio of the volume of the volume of second oil groove and first oil groove preferably approximates 2 between 1.5 and 4.
Of the present invention preferred embodiment in, second barrel is arranged on first barrel of below, pipeline connects first barrel lower wall and second barrel top, and will solid-state fried material discharge discharger outside second barrel on second barrel of relative lower horizontal, work.Better, said characteristic is particularly advantageous in solid material and in second barrel, produces deposited phenomenon.
The said characteristic of equipment of the present invention can also fully advantageously combine the special embodiment by the control device of control living beings time of staying in first oil groove of the present invention's proposition; And wherein, the wheel of band revolving vane is set for living beings is carried into the output window towards second barrel from first barrel introducing district.Therefore, said window is advantageously provided the lower wall at this barrel, with to guarantee that fried material directly and promptly is transported to second barrel pipeline perpendicular.
Of the present invention preferred embodiment in, pipeline leads to second barrel top and extends and reach its relative bottom in that this barrel is inner through soaking pipe, preferably near will solid-state fried material discharge second barrel outlet opening.The favourable characteristic according to the present invention, this soaks pipe the paddle that favours second barrel of bottom is housed, thereby can stop solid material to reflux to the top of bucket, helps deposition thus better.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, help the temperature of equipment according to the present invention in order between second barrel oil, to reach in optimization operation aspect energy benefit and the sedimentation function, on the interconnective pipe level of two oil grooves, be provided with oil cooler.Said device has any form well known by persons skilled in the art, for example water interchanger.
Usually; Equipment according to the present invention advantageously is configured to and is operable to the oil that makes in second oil groove and obtained suitable temperature; Just temperature is enough low so that can stop from the water boiling of first barrel living beings and therefore help deposited phenomenon, and simultaneously again enough height so that can guarantee be used to keep the external energy of said equipment work to run out maybe be low.
Preferably; Second barrel also has bigger height and is full of by oil basically fully; Thereby also help the appropriate temperature difference between the oil of the oil that obtains the bucket upper position and lower position; The oil temperature of said upper position equals the oil temperature in first barrel of first oil groove that is held basically, and said lower position is on the level of solid material outlet opening.Equipment according to the present invention preferably is configured to and is worked the temperature difference of oil on the bottom that becomes to make to guarantee second barrel and top between 2 ℃ and 5 ℃.Pressure differential between the lower top of the bottom that second barrel pressure is higher a little and its pressure also helps when arriving said bottom, stopping boiling at fried material.
According to favourable characteristic of the present invention, preferably, said equipment also comprises the decompressor of first barrel of inside, thereby for example can obtain to be about the pressure of 0.5 crust.Therefore advantageously, can be reduced in and cause the required temperature of oil boiling in this barrel.Advantageously, said decompressor especially comprises the mechanical vapour compressor, and according to the present invention, this mechanical vapour compressor is arranged on the collection of energy loop to the water vapour that discharges in the frying course.
In said embodiment, advantageously, said equipment comprise can assurance equipment under low pressure keep the device that seals, and be positioned at especially that living beings are introduced first barrel introducing device and fried material discharged on second barrel the level of discharger is like this.Said seal control device for example can be and screw the compartment form that supply system and/or exhaust system link.
Preferably, on diverse loop, carry out the circulation of oil and the circulation of water vapour respectively.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, said equipment comprises oily oil level holding device constant basically in first barrel, and said oil level is preferably 25% of barrel internal capacity, and this realizes in introducing second barrel through the oil that will cool off.Preferably, the introducing of said cold oil is located at the control of the oil level indicator in first barrel, and preferably carries out second barrel bottom, preferably near the delivery outlet of fried material, carry out, thus stopping of helping seething with excitement.
Preferably, the introducing device of living beings being introduced first barrel comprises extrusion die, and this extrusion die is set up and passes said first barrel wall and on the back surface relative with first oil groove, have the district of occupying, and supplies the feeding mechanism of living beings for extrusion die.
Description of drawings
In scope preferred embodiment, the present invention will be described more accurately, said embodiment is absolutely not circumscribed, and is illustrated among Fig. 1 to Fig. 9, wherein:
-Fig. 1 illustrates the stereogram according to equipment of the present invention;
-Fig. 2 illustrates the detail view according to control living beings control device of the time of staying in oil of equipment of the present invention;
-Fig. 3 illustrates the part sectioned view according to the separating barrel of equipment of the present invention;
-Fig. 4 illustrates schematic diagram of the apparatus in accordance with the present invention, the circulation route of oil shown in it;
-Fig. 5 illustrates the vertical view according to the rotating control assembly of the wheel of the band revolving vane of equipment of the present invention;
-Fig. 6 illustrates in greater detail the vertical view of camming of rotating control assembly of wheel of the band revolving vane of Fig. 5;
-Fig. 7 illustrates the side view of the control device of Fig. 5;
-Fig. 8 illustrates the front surface according to the extrusion die of equipment of the present invention;
-Fig. 9 illustrates the profile of extrusion die A-A along the plane of Fig. 9.
The specific embodiment
On Fig. 1, illustrate be in normal use location according to the equipment through the wet living beings of fried processing of the present invention.For more clearly explanation, the element that is included in the bucket inside in this equipment structure (parts) shown in broken lines on this figure.
This equipment is made up of the element of metal material manufacturing basically.
Said equipment comprises first barrel 1 that is called as fried bucket, and preferably, said first barrel is cylindric basically, limits internal capacity by lower wall 101 and at sidepiece by circle wall 102 in its bottom.In the upper end relative with lower wall 101, bucket is cut out by top cover 103, and said top cover is realized connecting and preferably is conical through fixing.Opening 104 is bored on this top cover, preferably is positioned at the level of its central awl point basically.
The bucket 1 its bottom comprise oil groove 108, this oil groove for example can reach between the bucket height 1/4th and 1/3rd between height.The height of this oil groove is represented by Reference numeral 107 on figure.
Bucket 1 comprises the control device of controlling the time of staying of living beings in oil.Said control device can be an any kind well known by persons skilled in the art.In the preferred implementation of the present invention that illustrates in the drawings, said equipment comprises the wheel system of the band revolving vane in the oil groove 108 that is located at bucket 1 bottom.Said system will preferably be described with reference to figure 2 in following explanation in more detail.
Bucket 1 is by introducing device supply living beings; In the embodiment shown in the figure; Said introducing device for example comprises feeder channel 111, and said feeder channel is connected on the living beings propulsion plant 112, and said living beings propulsion plant 112 passes the extrusion die 113 that is arranged on the opening; Said opening is set in the circle wall 102 of bucket 1 for this reason, and preferably is positioned at the base portion of bucket 1.Bucket any in 1 is included in the scope of the present invention as traditional living beings propulsion plant.In a modification, can also pass the introducing that lower wall 101 is realized living beings for example by the opening that is located at bucket 1 bottom.
Bucket 1 also is provided with window 105 on its lower wall 101, this window preferably defines the fan section, angle of wall.
As Fig. 2 more in detail shown in, window 105 diverges to approximately between 30 along circumference with respect to the introducing opening of living beings in bucket spends to the angle between 90 degree, on figure with Reference numeral 106 expressions.
The rotation axis of centres 122 is arranged on the central authorities of bucket 1, thereby begins to be basically perpendicular to lower wall 101 extensions from the bottom of bucket.Bucket 1 links the description in more detail in this manual of its embodiment at itself drive unit with Control Shaft rotation.
In the bottom of bucket 1, at least one blade 121 is fixed on the axle 122 through the side 141 that is called as inner edge, thereby is attached thereto rotation.Said blade 121 is arranged in the bucket, thereby above lower wall 101, towards the bucket top-direction, is basically perpendicular to this lower wall ground and extends, thereby and make its side 142 through being called as relative outside basically, be resisted against basically on the circle wall 102 of bucket.Basically mean that at this blade 121 can be inner mobile at bucket; And by 122 drivings of coupled rotating shaft; And can be not on the one hand to the circle wall 102 of bucket; On the other hand lower wall 101 is applied friction simultaneously, and the corresponding said wall of while close enough, thereby between it, there is not any enough big gap that can let living beings pass through.
On Fig. 2, in order more clearly to show, axle 122 is not illustrated, but by its accommodation hole 143 expressions, this accommodation hole is formed between the blade in the bucket bottom central.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, said equipment comprises a plurality of blades 121.In the example shown on figure, the quantity of said blade is eight, and still, said quantity receives limitation of the present invention absolutely not.Said blade 121 is provided with the angle intervals of rule each other, and it defines the compartment 144 that is substantially triangular in shape the cross section between it.Living beings are introduced the height that bucket 1 interior opening 106 is arranged on compartment 144.The framework (not shown) of grille is housed, preferably be arranged on blade 121 directly over, thereby limit compartment 144 at an upper portion thereof, and living beings are remained in the said compartment of bucket 1 bottom, and be immersed in the oil groove 108.
The oil level indicator (not shown) is set in the bucket 1.This indicator itself is traditional, can be any form well known by persons skilled in the art.
Oil droplet separator (equally also not being illustrated in the drawings for clear) is set at the bucket upper section in the bucket 1.Said oil droplet separator can have any form well known by persons skilled in the art, for example is metal gasket or fabric.It can be removed the fat residue of the water vapour that in bucket 1, forms in the frying course and guide it top of bucket into, thereby overflows through opening 104.
With reference to figure 1, said equipment comprises, below the bucket 1 living beings is being delivered to second barrel 2 the transport 3 that is called as separating barrel that is arranged on below first barrel 1.Said device is the shape of pipeline 31, and is preferably straight basically, and first barrel 1 window 105 is linked to each other with second barrel 2.
Preferably, separating barrel, or separator 2 is the bigger cylindrical shape of diameter basically.Its upper end is defined and relative lower end is defined by being funnel shaped lower wall 202 by upper wall 201, and portion goes out to be basically the space 203 of conical profile at the bottom portion defining of separator within it.
On Fig. 3, illustrate in greater detail separator 2.Portion within it, pipeline 31 prolongs by soaking pipe 204, and this soaks pipe and extends basically vertically in separator transverse to upper wall 201, up to arrived conical side space 203 down by the lower end of opening 205.
But the present invention is not limited to the said quantity and the said setting of paddle, as long as it can reach above-mentioned effect, other any structure also can be included in the scope of the present invention.
The lower end 208 of separator 2 corresponds essentially to the circular cone top that is made up of lower wall 202; On this wall, be provided with opening 209; This opening 209 can allow solid material to pass through the continuous discharger up to said solid material, and said discharger is represented by the Reference numeral 210 of Fig. 1 generally.Said discharger can be any kind.It for example relates to the sealing extrusion mechanism, for example is equipped with the worm screw of compartment in the end, and it can discharge fried living beings and the pressure that reduces in the maintenance system.
The container 51 that accommodates cold oil is connected to carrier pipe 52, and this carrier pipe leads in the lower space 203 of separator on its opposite end 53.Carrier pipe 52 is connected on the valve 54 between container 51 and separator 2.Preferably, said valve logical can according to by be located at oil level indicator information recorded on the bucket 1 cross this as traditional device automatically control open and close.
Also be provided with the continuous EGR of oil in loop according to equipment of the present invention, said loop connects bucket 1 and separator 2 with the mode of following elaboration.
The embodiment of the said closed circuit of oil is illustrated on Fig. 1 with simple mode, and is shown schematically on Fig. 4 with more detailed mode.
Lead to the inner first passage system 401 of separator 2 in this separator upper interior space through first end 402, by second channel system 404 bifurcateds, said bifurcated is positioned at the middle part of said second channel system through the second opposite end 403.
The circulation of oil in second channel system 404 guarantee as traditional pump 410 by this, and this pump preferably is selected and has bigger flow.
Preferably, heat exchanger 408 is attached on the heating element heater 408 ', and said heating element heater is configured for the makeup energy source to the oil heating of circulation in the second channel system 404.Said heating element heater can be any kind, and certainly, within the scope of the invention, it more helps with the less running gear of energy service cost.For example advantageously can be this heating element heater supply solar energy.
For the said equipment that comes into operation at first, first end 406 of the second channel system 404 that is arranged in second circulation canal 404 and the preheating apparatus 411 of the recycle oil between the heat exchanger 408 also can be included in according in the equipment of the present invention.
For third channel system 412, it is with the upper end of buffer container 407---it is through first end 413---is connected to bucket 1, and the second opposite end 414 leads to said bucket 1.Flowmeter 415 is arranged in the said third channel system 412.
The moving direction of oil in this double loop by Fig. 4 on subsequently the corresponding arrow of drawings attached mark represent.The oil that extracts from separator 2 passes through first passage system 401, along direction 416, is caused second channel system 404 with preferred jogging speed.Oil circulates along direction 417 in this second channel system, and promptly the bottom from buffering container 407 begins, and passes the heat exchanger 408 with heating element heater 408 ' link, up to the top of buffer container 407.Preferably, its circulation rate in this channel system 404 is very fast, thereby helps on the level of interchanger 408, heat exchange taking place.Preferably, in third channel system 412, oil carries out last circulation with very little speed along direction 418, promptly from the top of buffering container 407 up to fried bucket 1.
Preferably; Bucket 1 is led in third channel system 412; And align with the inner surface of the circle wall 102 of this barrel; Thereby make the oil that injects bucket through this channel system this drop and inner surface in said circle wall on form thin film, and the surface of not disturbing oil groove 108 when therefore createing eddy current therein.
The direction 423 that the circulation of water vapour in passage 420 shows on Fig. 4 is carried out to heat exchanger 408 from the top of bucket 1.
From the oil of container 51, carry out along the direction of last 55 indications of this figure to separator 2 supply coolings.
Equipment according to the present invention comprises the decompressor in the fried bucket 1, its preferably but be not that limitation ground advantageously is made up of compressor 422, in addition, said compressor also relates in the recovery system to the water vapour that discharges in the frying course.It also is provided with the device that can guarantee low pressure seal property.
The preferred rotating driving device of the axis of centres 122 of bucket 1 illustrates with very schematic mode on Fig. 1, and on Fig. 5 to Fig. 7, illustrates in greater detail.
Mainly due to the reason of volume, said device for example is set at the eminence part of bucket 1.
Be orientated on the upper surface at bucket 1 top, slide block 123 supports two outstanding cams 128 and 129 respectively, and its profile is illustrated on Fig. 6.
Said cam is determined stroke 132 at the upper surface of slide block 123 jointly, and is as shown in Figure 6.
Relative each other position and size in conjunction with cam 128 and 129; Spacing between the guide wheel 135 is fixed as a value; Thereby make slide block 123 along the axis direction perpendicular to axle 122, each time translational motion on or another direction drives the stroke 132 that the guide wheel edge is made up of cam 128 and 129 and moves; And thus, driver plate 133 rotatablely moves along the direction of pointing out on Fig. 5 138.Through axle 122, said rotation drives moving of the blade 121 that is connected in bucket 1.Through selecting the mobile rhythm and the speed of slide block 123, advantageously confirm the translational speed of blade 121 in bucket 1 thus, and thus, confirm the biological time of staying of material in this barrel.Usually, any other control device of the time of staying of control living beings in bucket 1 well known by persons skilled in the art, or more particularly control the control device of blade 121 rotary speeies, also all comprise within the scope of the invention.
Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 illustrate the preferred of extrusion die 113, but are not the embodiment that the present invention limits to fully, and living beings are introduced in the bucket 1 through this extrusion die.
This extrusion die 113 is in the form of annular discs at this, and it has a plurality of extrusion cavities 114 at central Drilling.Be arranged to and the bucket 1 inner relative front surface 115 of this disk are illustrated on the plane of Fig. 8.
At the rear of extrusion cavities 114, on relative with front surface 115 back surperficial 117 level, preferably, extrusion die has cutting tool 116, is used for before living beings get into bucket 1, cutting living beings.Be under the fibrous situation in living beings, if thereby get under the situation that can not be ground with satisfactory way before the fried bucket in living beings, said embodiment shows favourablely especially fully.
Therefore; The present invention does not get rid of the extrusion die through any other form, and especially this extrusion die as traditional form is introduced living beings in the bucket, does not just have cutting area; Or also can directly introduce through the opening 106 on the circle wall 102 that is located at bucket 1, need not any extrusion die.
Usually; Size according to equipment of the present invention; Especially the bucket 1 and the size of separator 2 will be hoped the heat energy and the employed oil that obtain according to the type of pending living beings and quantity and water content thereof, fried material, be determined according to those skilled in the art's calculating.
Only for example, bucket 1 can have the diameter of 0.90m and the height of 1.40m, and the height that blade 121 records between relative bottom of itself and barrel lower wall 101 and relative top thereof is about 20cm.Can have the height of 1.30m and the diameter of about 0.90m as for separator 2.Pipeline 31 can have the length of about 50cm.
For example implement according to equipment of the present invention according to following.
Equally; General according to calculating by those skilled in the art; Both according to the character of pending living beings, also the water content and the target energy benefit in said processing operation of the hope of the basis fried material directly related with caloric value are come selection manipulation parameter.Only with way of example, rather than the mode of the present invention restriction provides said operational parameter value following.
Oil, or any other fluid of confirming according to the present invention, preheated through preheating apparatus 411 to surpassing at least 10 ℃ temperature than the boiling temperature of water, just be injected in the bucket 1.This fluid can be from for example from the flesh of fish or the grease waste material of meat, and is melted in advance.It can also relate to recovered oil.
Pour into the flow through window 105 that be located at bucket bottom of oil through pipeline 31 natures to the bucket 1, thereby fill up separator 2.In case separator is filled, the oil level in the bucket 1 increases along with pouring into gradually.The quantity of the oil that pours into can cover the blade 121 that is located at bucket 1 bottom fully, and its oil level surpasses said blade 1.5 to 2 times at the bucket inner height.Only for example, for have above-mentioned provide size the bucket 1 with separator 2 for, the oil mass of in equipment, pouring into is near 1m
3And 2m
3Between, wherein be distributed as: the about 0.2m of the volume in bucket 1
3, be distributed in the about 0.7m of volume in the separator 2
3, and the circulation loop of oil.
In case install by hermetically closing, implement the pressure that reduces through 422 pairs of buckets of compressor 1.Other any self known device that is used for step-down also is included in scope of the present invention.Preferably, operating pressure is selected to and approximates 0.5atm.Step-down in bucket 1 will cause being introduced into the temperature required reduction of water boiling contained in the living beings of oil groove.But, also can under atmospheric pressure, operate according to equipment of the present invention.
Especially because have difference in volume between the oil groove 211 of bucket 1 oil groove 108 and separator 2, add the cooling device with bucket and the interconnective pipeline 31 of separator, oily temperature in separator is the temperature in the bucket in running.
For example, be in the in service of optimization in order to make equipment, the temperature difference of oil between separator 2 bottoms and bucket 1 is at least 10 ℃.
The motion of blade 121 is started by the drive unit of the rotation axis of centres 122.When 123 translational motions of piston 125 driving sliding block, it gives axle 122 self rotatablely move, thereby driven vane moves in bucket 1.The direction that rotation is carried out can make blade introduce the opening 106 of bucket 1 and be located in living beings and introduce long shift motion between the window 105 on the lower wall 101.
Living beings are introduced in the bucket 1 through the introducing device of as above describing for example.Biomass examples is the wire sections through extrusion die 113 and directly is extruded in the bucket as from feeder channel 111 beginnings.
The present invention does not get rid of living beings yet and is introduced in the bucket 1 with other any ways.For example; According to its physicochemical characteristics; Living beings can be ground and introduced in the bucket, and do not carry out any other operation, especially extrude operation; Total order of the present invention is the junior unit that obtains from initial wet living beings for bringing in the bucket, and its with barrel in the oil that holds have bigger contact surface.
Wet living beings are introduced in the bucket through opening 106, directly get into oil groove, are arranged in one of compartment 144 that is made up of adjacent two blades 121.Being blocked in the blade 121 that living beings in this compartment therefore are defined the compartment rear portion drives; Said rear portion is determined along the blade direction of advance; To the last reach window 105, the direction that wet living beings are passed this window separator 2 in the effect lower edge of its gravity drops.
In bucket 1, carry out in the process of said stroke, according to a kind of self known phenomenon, living beings are through fried dehydrated, so that constitute a kind of material of for example fuel, said material is solid-state and for initial living beings, has the moisture of minimizing.
Living beings are introduced flow in the bucket 1, operating pressure, the quantity and the temperature of fluid in said bucket; And the rotary speed---these confirm material time of staying in oil groove---of axle 122 is via those skilled in the art's calculating; Size in conjunction with bucket; Some or other factors according to wherein are determined, and same also according to the initial moisture content of wet living beings, thereby obtain required water content and the low heat value of finished product.Can make final solid material reach low-down water content through equipment according to the present invention, be merely several percentage points.
For example,, can give axle 122 rotary speed slowly, change from per 5 to 20 minutes 1 in conjunction with above-mentioned definite special parameter.
Any control device of the time of staying of control living beings well known by persons skilled in the art in fried bucket 1 for example also is comprised in fried material in the scope of the present invention with the worm screw that controlled speed is transferred in the oil groove.But; By picture shown and the above-mentioned preferred implementation that comprises the wheel of being with revolving vane that is described show advantageous particularly, be that especially it allows the accurately control time of staying of living beings in oil; Because it constitutes simple; It needs maintenance seldom, and it can make bucket be in the pressure of reduction, and this is on piston 125 passes the passage level of barrel wall, to guarantee that sealing gets final product because only need.In addition, use according to revolving vane of the present invention system and make the big contact surface that obtains living beings and oil, and because the ratio of living beings/fluid mass is less, make the transmission of the heat that produces in the excellent control oil groove.Therefore form the unusual better controlling of fried moisture content of material.
In frying course, in bucket 1, above oil groove 108, discharge the water vapour that produces owing to the living beings dehydration.
Arrive at the fried material that is located at the window 105 on bucket 1 lower wall 101, carried into pipeline 31, get into subsequently and soak pipe 204, be positioned at the bottom of separator 2 by the receiving to compel to circulate of gravity and oil.Fried material is in this accumulation and the oily natural separation through gravitational settling phenomenon and groove 211, and said oil is tending towards being back to again above the fried material.Advantageously, the existence of paddle 206 has stoped solid material to reflux again to separator top, even also is like this when when material lands, in separator, forming eddy current.
Oil has low slightly temperature than it in bucket 1 in separator; Especially when being in the bottom of separator, be like this; If necessary; Link with the cooling device that is located on pipeline 31 levels, make advantageously to stop living beings, improve the sedimentation effect of solid in separator thus at the separator inner ebullition.
Simultaneously, the oil that holds in the separator 2 can reclaim the heat of savings in (reaching it) fried material.Oil is in the gradient of the inside of separator 2 formation temperature, and the oil that is positioned at its underpart is colder, and it is hotter to be positioned at the oil on its top.
Fried material passes the opening 209 that for this reason is located at the separator bottom and from separator, discharges through discharger 210.The mass rate of emission of fried material is confirmed according to those skilled in the art's calculating, thereby is guaranteed that the said time of staying of fried material in separator 2 is enough to make that it puts aside heat to the oil transmission in the frying course.
Advantageously, according to the operation of equipment of the present invention by continued operation, no matter be, still to the rotation of blade 121 and along with solid-state fried material all is like this in the accumulation of separator 2 bottoms and to its discharge to the introducing of living beings in bucket 1.
In addition, the oil that holds in the said equipment, also circulates between separator 2 and bucket 1 under the effect of pump 405 and 410 through the double loop of closed circulation continuously.The flow of said pump is determined according to the calculating from those skilled in the art, thereby keeps the balance of the hot difference between the oil that bucket 1 and separator 2 hold on the one hand, allows the optimum operation of heat exchanger 408 on the other hand.Advantageously, the oil that extracts from separator 2 tops has higher temperature, and this part has benefited from from the heat of fried material recovery, therefore only needs less energy to supply with, and just can under the pressure that puts on bucket 1, oil be caused boiling temperature.
Said energy is supplied with, and part guarantees by heat exchanger 408, and said heat exchanger is with the energy operation of the water vapour that discharges in the frying course.
Oil level indicator in being located at bucket 1 shows when this barrel oil level is not enough, will supply with the cold oil that from container 51, flows out from trend separator 2.Owing to pass through the inner space that pipeline 31 is communicated with separators 2 and bucket 1, therefore said supply can improve the oil level in the bucket 1.Preferably, realize the introducing of cold oil at the separator base portion, thereby in case just stop the boiling of fried material bottom the optimum temperature gradation in the maintenance separator and its arrival separator.
In the frying course to the cumulative effect of the recovery of the energy of the water vapour that discharged; Can reheat the oil that from separator 2, extracts earlier; Just oil is refilled bucket 1 afterwards; And in the oil of separator 2, reclaim the heat of fried material, these can both advantageously guarantee the higher energy gain of said equipment.So that after the heated oils, said equipment is operation automatically almost at initial energize, only need the heating element heater 408 that links with heat exchanger 408 ' level on, supply with a spot of external complement energy so that its operation gets final product.
In order to obtain less operating cost, advantageously, that as above describes allows to make fuel with the speed that reaches 80kg/h according to equipment of the present invention, and said fuel can have the low heat value up to 20MJ/kg.
Through its different character and advantage thereof, foregoing description shows that clearly the present invention has reached its target of having confirmed.Especially; It proposes a kind of equipment through fried processing living beings, and especially to form solid fuel, this equipment only needs less external energy to supply with to be used for its operation; And make to form fuel, and water content is by control well with big caloric value with less cost.Said equipment especially can become makes the value-added effective tool of wet waste material.
Claims (12)
1. one kind is used for the equipment of handling wet living beings through fried, and this equipment comprises first barrel (1); Said first barrel (1) holds first oil groove (108); Can make the oil in said first oil groove remain on the device that can guarantee the frying temperature of fried living beings; And living beings are introduced said first barrel device, it is characterized in that said equipment comprises; Through the gravitational settling of said fried material with oil; From said first barrel transport (3) that delivers into separator, said transport is in the below of the shape of second barrel (2) with said solid-state fried material, and said second barrel is held second oil groove (211) that temperature is lower than said frying temperature; And be communicated with the said first oil groove fluid power; And solid-state fried material discharged the discharger (210) outside said second barrel, said device can remain on the oil of first oil groove frying temperature of living beings, and the device (412) in comprising the heater of the extraction element (401) of the oil in said second barrel, the oil that extracted and will heated thus oil injecting said first barrel.
2. equipment according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; The heater of the said oil that is extracted comprises the draw-out device (422) to the water vapour that from said first barrel (1), discharges in the frying course, and the heat-exchange device (408) between the said water vapour of oil that from second barrel (2), extracts and extraction from said first barrel (1).
3. according to each described equipment in the claim 1 to 2; It is characterized in that; The transport (3) that said solid-state fried material is transported to second barrel (2) from first barrel (1) is made up of pipeline (31), and said pipeline is realized being communicated with through gravity work and between first oil groove (108) and second oil groove (211).
4. equipment according to claim 3; It is characterized in that; Said second barrel (2) are arranged on first barrel (1) below; Said pipeline (31) connects said first barrel lower wall (101) and said second barrel top, and will second barrel of (2) discharger (210) outward of solid-state fried material discharge with the level of said second barrel of relative bottom (202) on work.
5. according to claim 3 or 4 described equipment; It is characterized in that; Said pipeline (31) leads to the top of said second barrel (2); And extend to said second barrel of inside and reach relative bottom (202) through soaking pipe (204), preferably, said soaking managed the paddle (206) with the said bottom direction that favours second barrel.
6. according to each described equipment in the claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that it comprises the control device of controlling the time of staying of living beings in first oil groove (108).
7. equipment according to claim 6; It is characterized in that; The control device of the time of staying of said control living beings in first oil groove (108) comprises the wheel that has revolving vane; The said wheel is arranged in said first oil groove and can the introducing district of the said living beings of said living beings from first barrel (1) be moved to the output window (105) towards second barrel (2), and said output window preferably constitutes said first barrel lower wall (101).
8. equipment according to claim 7 is characterized in that, it comprises makes said the wheel be in the discrete drive unit that rotatablely moves.
9. according to each described equipment in the claim 1 to 8, it is characterized in that it comprises, introduces the constant basically oil level holding device of liquid level that makes first barrel of oil in (1) in second barrel (2) through the oil that will cool off.
10. according to each described equipment in the claim 1 to 9, it is characterized in that it comprises the decompressor that first barrel (1) is inner.
11. according to each described equipment in the claim 1 to 10; It is characterized in that; The upper section of said first barrel (1) comprises the oil droplet separator, and said oil droplet separator can be eliminated the grease residue of the water vapour of overflowing from first oil groove (108) top in the frying course.
12. according to each described equipment in the claim 1 to 11; It is characterized in that; Said introducing device with living beings introducings first barrel (1) comprises extrusion die (113); Said extrusion die is configured to pass said first barrel wall (102) and on the back surface (117) relative with first oil groove (108), has and occupies district (116), and is the feeding mechanism of said extrusion die supply living beings.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0955698 | 2009-08-18 | ||
| FR0955698A FR2949256B1 (en) | 2009-08-18 | 2009-08-18 | DEVICE FOR TREATING WET BIOMASS BY FRYING |
| PCT/EP2010/061818 WO2011020787A1 (en) | 2009-08-18 | 2010-08-13 | Device for processing wet biomass by frying |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102597674A true CN102597674A (en) | 2012-07-18 |
Family
ID=42078024
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010800428118A Pending CN102597674A (en) | 2009-08-18 | 2010-08-13 | Device for processing wet biomass by frying |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2467661B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102597674A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2428750T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2949256B1 (en) |
| MA (1) | MA33532B1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT2467661E (en) |
| TN (1) | TN2012000066A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2011020787A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3043453B1 (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2019-06-14 | Cleef System | INSTALLATION AND METHOD FOR DRYING A PRODUCT IN A PASTY CONDITION |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR714063A (en) * | 1930-04-16 | 1931-11-06 | Process for the desiccation of oil seeds and oleaginous fruits | |
| US3310881A (en) * | 1966-03-14 | 1967-03-28 | Pillsbury Co | Apparatus and method for continuous drying |
| US3314160A (en) * | 1961-12-06 | 1967-04-18 | Pillsbury Co | Dehydrating apparatus |
| CN2105851U (en) * | 1991-07-29 | 1992-06-03 | 侯锦辉 | Decompress oil-fried dehydrated device |
| EP0579095A2 (en) * | 1992-07-15 | 1994-01-19 | Norsk Hydro A/S | Feed products and method for production of same |
| CN2171291Y (en) * | 1993-08-28 | 1994-07-13 | 秦皇岛通海科技发展公司 | Vacuum low-temp. oil frying device |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3239946A (en) * | 1961-12-06 | 1966-03-15 | Pillsbury Co | Dehydrating apparatus |
| US3451828A (en) * | 1968-08-14 | 1969-06-24 | Int Basic Economy Corp | Processes for dehydrating heat sensitive solid materials |
| US3928677A (en) * | 1972-12-08 | 1975-12-23 | Firewood Inc | Process of treating wood |
| US3953927A (en) * | 1975-03-24 | 1976-05-04 | Hydrocarbon Research, Inc. | Drying coal in hot oil slurry using recycled steam |
| KR20090029385A (en) | 2007-09-18 | 2009-03-23 | 한밭대학교 산학협력단 | Manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing method of solid fuel for the fry-drying organic sludge using the by-product waste of bio-diesel oil or fat oil of animal and plant or fuel oil or oil wastes |
-
2009
- 2009-08-18 FR FR0955698A patent/FR2949256B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-08-13 PT PT10741999T patent/PT2467661E/en unknown
- 2010-08-13 ES ES10741999T patent/ES2428750T3/en active Active
- 2010-08-13 EP EP10741999.6A patent/EP2467661B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-08-13 WO PCT/EP2010/061818 patent/WO2011020787A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-08-13 CN CN2010800428118A patent/CN102597674A/en active Pending
-
2012
- 2012-02-13 TN TNP2012000066A patent/TN2012000066A1/en unknown
- 2012-02-16 MA MA34639A patent/MA33532B1/en unknown
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR714063A (en) * | 1930-04-16 | 1931-11-06 | Process for the desiccation of oil seeds and oleaginous fruits | |
| US3314160A (en) * | 1961-12-06 | 1967-04-18 | Pillsbury Co | Dehydrating apparatus |
| US3310881A (en) * | 1966-03-14 | 1967-03-28 | Pillsbury Co | Apparatus and method for continuous drying |
| CN2105851U (en) * | 1991-07-29 | 1992-06-03 | 侯锦辉 | Decompress oil-fried dehydrated device |
| EP0579095A2 (en) * | 1992-07-15 | 1994-01-19 | Norsk Hydro A/S | Feed products and method for production of same |
| CN2171291Y (en) * | 1993-08-28 | 1994-07-13 | 秦皇岛通海科技发展公司 | Vacuum low-temp. oil frying device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2949256B1 (en) | 2013-05-24 |
| FR2949256A1 (en) | 2011-02-25 |
| ES2428750T3 (en) | 2013-11-11 |
| WO2011020787A1 (en) | 2011-02-24 |
| TN2012000066A1 (en) | 2013-09-19 |
| MA33532B1 (en) | 2012-08-01 |
| EP2467661B1 (en) | 2013-07-17 |
| PT2467661E (en) | 2013-09-20 |
| EP2467661A1 (en) | 2012-06-27 |
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Application publication date: 20120718 |