CN102589979B - Simulation experiment method for extrusion welding performance of aluminium alloy - Google Patents
Simulation experiment method for extrusion welding performance of aluminium alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN102589979B CN102589979B CN 201210016606 CN201210016606A CN102589979B CN 102589979 B CN102589979 B CN 102589979B CN 201210016606 CN201210016606 CN 201210016606 CN 201210016606 A CN201210016606 A CN 201210016606A CN 102589979 B CN102589979 B CN 102589979B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simulation experiment method for the extrusion welding performance of aluminium alloy, and belongs to the field of extrusion of aluminium alloy profile. The simulation experiment method is characterized in that a pair of cylindrical samples is adopted for relative extrusion welding experiment, a welding cavity of a mold is designed according to the characteristic of plastic fluid of the material when the aluminium alloy is extruded to be molded, and two samples are extruded and welded to be molded under a state of three-way pressure stress in the welding cavity. In the experiment, different extrusion temperatures and speeds can be set, and the influence of the deformation condition on the extrusion welding quality is analyzed. The tension experiment is carried out on the extrusion welding samples to test the elongation and the tension limit load; and microscopic structure observation is carried out on the cross section to compare the welding quality of aluminium samples under different temperatures and different extrusion speeds and analyze the extrusion welding rule of the aluminium alloy. The simulation experiment method is simple and easy to implement, and can be used for physical simulation of extrusion welding of the aluminium alloy so as to analyze the flow field and the molding condition of metal welding, evaluate the welding quality and optimize the parameters of an extrusion welding process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal extruding seam performance test method, refer to a kind of experimental technique (or physical simulation techniques) of aluminium alloy extruded seam performance test especially, be used for the deformation behaviour test of extruding weld metal zone and the evaluation and test of extruding welding quality.
Background technology
The metal extruding refers to the metal stock in the recipient is applied external force, metal is flowed out from the extrusion die nib, thereby obtain a kind of plastic processing method of required cross sectional shape and size.Aluminium section bar extruding production technology is generally promoted at present, but extrusion process has far-reaching influence to extruded product quality and performance, needs further investigation.In the extruding of aluminium alloy hollow profile is produced, usually realize the extruding seam of aluminium alloy with diffluence combination die, solid blank is at first entered mould seam chamber by the tap hole shunting, flow out from the slit of divergent die core rod and the formation of die die orifice through the extruding seam then.Therefore be difficult to the extruding of the butt welded seam avoided in extrudate, often become its " weakness " in using, the quality of extruding seam has determined the intensity of whole section bar.Extrusion process parameters has appreciable impact to the extruding seam, needs to understand the relation between them, works out suitable extrusion process parameters.
The physical essence of extruding seam is that two solid material surface atoms that are connected are closer to each other to the metal lattice distance, forms the combination of atomic link, reaches the metallurgical binding purpose, belongs to solid-state welding.In the aluminum extrusion process, the metallic aluminium base of heated condition is placed in the extrusion die chamber, and metal flows out around core rod under the extrusion load effect, down by seam, forms the extruding weld seam solid-state then.Because the extruding weld seam is that seam forms under solid-state pressure, its mechanical property is better than other weld seams.Different types of aluminium alloy, its extruding seam performance has than big difference, and factors such as pressure, temperature, speed are very sensitive to external world.
Bigger load and the equipment of extruding seam process need of aluminium alloy, laboratory equipment often is difficult to meet the demands.The more important thing is that the extruding seam process of aluminium alloy realizes in extruder in the commercial production, is very difficult if will observe mobility status and the seam feature of metal in extruding seam process.Therefore, physical simulation experiment method just seems particularly necessary and important.For metal material processing, normally utilize small sample, by means of certain experimental provision, being heated or stressed physical process on laboratory equipment or in the process, fully reproduce metal material or tissue and the performance variation law of product in hot-working exactly, the problem that evaluation and prediction metal material may occur in preparation or process, find out experiment parameter to the rule that influences of metal forming, optimize working process parameter, specifying for industrial processes technology provides Technical Reference and theoretical foundation.
Document [Edwards S.-P..Physical simulation of longitudinal weld seam formation in aluminum extrusions.Materials Science Forum, 2006, vols.519-521, pp.1403-1408] in adopt two cylinder samples to compress the seam experiment at the Gleeble thermodynamic simulated experiment machine, the material in seam district flows freely, under strong pressure seam.This situation is had any different with actual seam, and the seam of aluminium alloy moulding in mold cavity is subjected to mould to the effect of contraction of metal itself.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of analogue experiment method of realizing aluminium alloy extruded seam performance test.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention reaches by the following technical programs: a kind of analogue experiment method of aluminium alloy extruded seam performance test, and step is as follows:
The first step: aluminum alloy specimen preparation
Get the as-cast aluminum alloy bar, prepare two cylindrical aluminium alloy samples, guarantee that sample is round and straight, and an end face of sample is carried out finishing, guarantee any surface finish and smooth;
Second step: extruding seam Mould design and manufacturing
Mould is two lobe dissection types, inside is provided with seam chamber and center sample chamber, the seam chamber communicates with sample chamber, the position in seam chamber is that the surface of contact that guarantees two samples is in the seam chamber, specimen finish is consistent with the sample chamber diameter, and mold outer surface is circular conical surface, and is equipped with sleeve, the outer periphery of sleeve is equipped with heating arrangement, is connected with heating control system;
The 3rd step: extruding seam temperature survey and control
Before extrusion experiment carries out, sample is heated to more than the metal recrystallization temperature, put in the preheated mold;
The 4th step: extruding seam
Get two aluminum alloy specimens that heat and place mould, finish facing contacts, and the surface of contact of sample is in the seam chamber; Sample loam cake one pressure head pushes by default speed and stroke up, records hydropress stroke and load change simultaneously;
The 5th step: take out sample
After extruding finishes, upwards release mould from sleeve below enlarged cavity, take out sample;
The 6th step: seam performance test
Sample after the extruding seam is carried out the unilateral stretching experiment, till breaking, test and record tensile load are carried out microstructure observation to section, analyze Microstructure characteristics and tensile load feature under more different extrusion temperatures and the strain rate, finding out influences rule.
Further, above-mentioned seam chamber xsect is slightly larger than sample chamber, and height is less than sample chamber.
Further, the above-mentioned eccentric setting in seam chamber or center setting can.
Further, mold temperature is generally controlled at 400 ℃～500 ℃ during extruding, and the extrusion metal strain rate is generally controlled at 0.001s
-1～100s
-1
Above-mentioned mould cooperates tapering with sleeve be 5 °, and the awl line makes progress from the bottom, outwards expansion.
Enlarged cavity is left in the bottom of sleeve, and described mould seat is located in the enlarged cavity.
Among the present invention, aluminium section bar extruding seam experimental technique is characterised in that by simple and easy unidirectional compression sample, and in the regional cross flow that increases seam chamber realization material of two sample surface of contact, after arriving seam chamber wall, material refluxes, make extruding seam shaping under the three-dimensional compressive stress state of sample in the seam chamber, thereby the true process of the aluminium alloy extruded seam of physical simulation, seam chamber size is determined according to coefficient of thermal expansion and the extruded sample of metal.
Specifically embodied technique effect from following several respects:
1, the present invention has adopted physical simulation to realize the process of aluminium alloy extruded seam under laboratory condition, and welding quality is carried out test analysis.The extruding seam of aluminium alloy is to carry out in the seam chamber of diffluence combination die tool, the extruding seam performance that is difficult to the systematic analysis metal in the commercial production, the seam difficult quality is evaluated and tested, adopt the method for physical simulation then can on laboratory equipment, by unidirectionally extruded experiment moulding situation and the final welding quality of aluminium sample in the seam chamber of different temperatures, different extrusion speeds to be studied.This experimental technique is simple, and on common press, it is descending to promote pressure head, the seam in the seam chamber of two samples.In this course, flowing of metal just is limited in the mould seam chamber, opens mould after its shaping situation extruding and just can observe.Extruding seam sample is stretched, record load change and extensibility, just can detect the intensity in seam district, toughness; Rupture surface is carried out microstructure observation, contrast the Microstructure characteristics at extruding seam face place under different extrusion temperatures, the speed.
2, the present invention has designed the seam chamber that can realize the material cross flow in mould.The extruding seam of aluminium alloy is the metal flow behavior of the mould constraint that is squeezed, the metal pressure effect of mould that is squeezed when seam is shaped, and metal is subjected to friction and the effect of contraction of mold wall, flows to a direction.Be stress field feature and the metal flow of real simulation aluminium alloy in extruding seam process, designed the assembling die that has horizontal seam chamber among the present invention, the seam chamber is arranged on the surface of contact place of two cylindrical samples, the remainder of sample places in the mold cavity, the die cavity diameter is identical with the aluminium specimen finish, cooperatively interacts.The size in seam chamber is calculated according to parameter designing such as sample seam volume and expansion of metal rates, give metal three-dimensional compressive stress field when flowing seam, this state both real embodiment aluminium alloy is conducive to metal again and adds in thermoplasticity and reach shaped state preferably man-hour in the stress field feature of extruding during seam.Unidirectional compression sample, and regional by seam chamber realization cross flow at two sample surface of contact, and after arriving die wall, reflux, make under three-dimensional compressive stress state the extrusion molding of sample in the seam chamber, thus the true process of the aluminium alloy extruded seam of physical simulation.
3, the present invention has designed the dissection type built-up pattern.At high temperature carry out because the seam of aluminium alloy is shaped, metal is in the solid solution attitude during seam, very easily in adhering to the seam chamber, causes experiment back sample to be difficult to take out from mould.The present invention has designed the form of two halves built-up patterns, is about to mould and cuts half along centre symmetry line, in experiment two-half die is made up, sample then is installed, open two-half die after the experiment, take out sample, effectively solve and be difficult to the problem of in the seam mould, taking out after the sample extruding seam.
4, the present invention has designed the sleeve that has tapering and has cooperated with the two-half die that has tapering.In the experiment, owing to squeeze push head, thus the compression sample, and two samples place in the extrusion die, so just the problem of a load transmission are arranged, namely sample also squeezes simultaneously and pushes away mould.Because mould is two flap array configurations, the crowded load that pushes away that is subjected to sample offsets unavoidably, causes two-half die center pit misalignment, or the dislocation at place, seam chamber, and what be not easy to test accurately carries out.For this reason, designed the sleeve that has tapering among the present invention, the profile of mould also is processed into the form that has tapering, adopt taper fit with conical sleeve, so just can be when push rod be descending, sample squeezes and to push away mould and make mould tightr with cooperating of urceolus, and two flap seam moulds are firmly fixing by sleeve, reduces effectively that seam mould center pit is offset and the dislocation in seam chamber.In addition, take out sample for convenient experiment back, will overlap tube bottom and reserve enlarged cavity, after the experiment from then on the chamber knock two flap seam moulds, just the mould that has sample can be deviate from from sleeve, open two-half die, be easy to take out sample.In addition, the taper fit of this mould and sleeve not only can guarantee effectively to fix two flap built-up patterns, and the integral body that can realize mould and sleeve heats, can place electric furnace to be heated to preset temperature with urceolus on the mould after cooperating takes out, avoid two flap moulds to heat respectively, and then cooperate and be difficult to the difficulty of experimental implementation, also can avoid adopting heater coil to mould heat expensive.
The present invention also passes through the metal of extruding seam processing and experiment test and the evaluation of welding quality applicable to other.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the extrusion die device vertical profile synoptic diagram among the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of Fig. 1.
Embodiment
The present invention is placed on two cylinder samples in the die cavity of a sealing successively, at two sample contact positions the seam chamber is set, flowing freely of weld zone restriction metal, make it to be subjected to three-dimensional compressive stress, always amesiality mobile, thereby the forming process of simulation extruding weld seam more realistically realizes under the laboratory condition test and evaluation to aluminium alloy extruded seam performance.In the extruding seam process of aluminium alloy, extrusion speed and temperature are very big to the metal flow influence, also be necessary to study these extrusion process parameters to extruding seam Effect on Performance, therefore, the sample of seam under the various squeezing parameters is carried out stretching experiment, analyze its mechanical property, section is carried out microstructure observation, finding out influences rule, thereby is optimized evaluation for the extruding seam technology of aluminium alloy.
Test and estimate the experimental technique of aluminium alloy extruded seam performance, specific as follows:
The first step: aluminum alloy specimen preparation
Get the as-cast aluminum alloy bar, preparation cylindrical aluminium alloy sample guarantees that sample is round and straight, and an end face of sample is carried out finishing, guarantees any surface finish and smooth.
Second step: extruding seam Mould design and manufacturing
Shown in accompanying drawing 1,2, consider the convenience of Mould Machining, the loading and unloading of extruding seam sample, mould 3 of the present invention adopts two lobe dissection types (also being opposite opened), and two half modules are namely arranged.In order to simulate the extruding seam, need to carry out laterally (shearings) after two sample mutual extrusion of control and flow, therefore, except sample chamber is arranged, also to need to have seam chamber 5 in the mould, material is full of back realization seam in the seam chamber.The seam chamber can only arrange at a half module, also can all arrange on two half modules; The seam chamber can be designed as half-cylindrical chamber, also can be designed as rectangular cavity, and seam chamber xsect is slightly larger than sample chamber, and height is less than sample chamber; The seam chamber can also can eccentricly arrange in the center of mould, in order to make material rapidly to side flow seam then, the seam chamber can be designed to eccentric chamber, is depicted as the design in off-centre operation cylindricality seam chamber as accompanying drawing 1,2.
Center at mould 3 is provided with sample chamber, and sample chamber and seam chamber 5 communicate, and puts sample 1 and sample 26 in the sample chamber, and pressure head 1, two samples are placed up and down, and the contact position is arranged in seam chamber 5 just, and pressure head 1 is used for downward extruded sample generation seam at the top.The diameter of sample and pressure head is consistent with the diameter in dress examination chamber.
The sleeve 2 that is the conical surface with an inwall entangles mould 3 firm, thus fixing two-half die.Sleeve 2 inwalls are 5 ° with the tapering that cooperates of mould 3 outer walls, and like this, along with the carrying out of extruding, the dissection type mould in combination can be more and more tighter.The awl line is along upwards outwards expansion of mold bottom, after extruding during mould unloading, only needs exert pressure at mold bottom and just can easily realize mould unloading.Enlarged cavity is left in bottom at sleeve 2, is in order to guarantee to assemble, if sleeve 2 expands, the mould 3 of cone has certain space that moves down.
In the periphery of sleeve 2 heating arrangement 7 is set, is used for realization to the heating of mould.
Aluminum alloy specimen size and the die size of experiment usefulness can be adjusted as required voluntarily, and the suggestion sample is Φ 8 * 60mm, and pressure head 1 is of a size of Φ 8 * 15mm, and extruding seam mould seam chamber 5 is of a size of Φ 12 * 10mm.Two specimen size height are identical, and experiment middle and lower part sample is fixed, and upper sample squeezes the side's of pushing sample, and two sample polished surfaces contact, Jiang Lai seam face just, and the seam face position initial surface of contact of relative two samples has skew.Design below sample is of a size of 8mm in seam chamber 5, the length that is positioned at 5 belows, seam chamber is 52mm.
The 3rd step: extruding seam temperature survey and control
Before extrusion experiment carries out, sample is heated to more than the metal recrystallization temperature, for example for 6063 aluminium alloys, extruding seam temperature is 450 ℃～500 ℃.In order to realize the preheating of mould, at the peripheral heating arrangement 7 that adds of sleeve, in establish electroheat pair and measure temperature, and make mould remain on default temperature by heating control system.
The 4th step: extruding seam
Get two aluminum alloy specimens that heat and place extruding seam mould, aluminum alloy specimen is pushed seam, experiment porch is common hydropress, promote the sample that pressure head squeezes the portion that pushes to by hydropress, thereby make two sample compressions and seam moulding in the seam chamber, mould and pressure head adopt the hot die steel processing and manufacturing.Push by default speed and stroke, record hydropress stroke and load change simultaneously.
The 5th step: take out sample
After extruding finishes, upwards release mould from sleeve below enlarged cavity, take out sample.
The 6th step: seam performance test
After aluminium sample extruding seam, carry out the unilateral stretching experiment, test and record tensile load, till breaking, section is carried out microstructure observation, analyze Microstructure characteristics and tensile load feature under more different extrusion temperatures and the strain rate, finding out influences rule.
The inventive method is carried out under specified temp and extrusion speed.Generally at 400 ℃～500 ℃, the extrusion metal strain rate is generally at 0.001s for mold temperature during extruding
-1～100s
-1
Among the present invention, the seam chamber is characterised in that and makes the metal cross flow, and refluxes after arriving die wall, and its size is determined according to the coefficient of thermal expansion of metal and the size shape of sample.
Claims (9)
1. the analogue experiment method of an aluminium alloy extruded seam performance test is characterized in that: mainly comprise the steps:
The first step: aluminum alloy specimen preparation
Get the as-cast aluminum alloy bar, prepare two cylindrical aluminium alloy samples, guarantee that sample is round and straight, and an end face of sample is carried out finishing, guarantee any surface finish and smooth;
Second step: extruding seam Mould design and manufacturing
Extruding seam mould is two lobe dissection types, inside is provided with seam chamber and center sample chamber, the seam chamber communicates with sample chamber, the position in seam chamber is that the surface of contact that guarantees two samples is in the seam chamber, specimen finish is consistent with the sample chamber diameter, and extruding seam mold outer surface is circular conical surface, and is equipped with sleeve, the outer periphery of sleeve is equipped with heating arrangement, is connected with heating control system;
The 3rd step: extruding seam temperature survey and control
Before extrusion experiment carries out, sample is heated to more than the metal recrystallization temperature, at the peripheral heating arrangement that adds of sleeve, realize the preheating of extruding seam mould;
The 4th step: extruding seam
Get two aluminum alloy specimens that heat and place extruding seam mould, finish facing contacts, and the surface of contact of sample is in the seam chamber; Sample loam cake one pressure head pushes by default speed and stroke up, records hydropress stroke and load change simultaneously;
The 5th step: take out sample
After extruding finishes, upwards release extruding seam mould from sleeve below enlarged cavity, take out sample;
The 6th step: seam performance test
Sample after the extruding seam is carried out the unilateral stretching experiment, till breaking, test and record tensile load are carried out microstructure observation to section, analyze Microstructure characteristics and tensile load feature under more different extrusion temperatures and the strain rate, finding out influences rule.
2. the analogue experiment method of aluminium alloy extruded seam performance test as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described seam chamber xsect is slightly larger than sample chamber, and height is less than sample chamber.
3. the analogue experiment method of aluminium alloy extruded seam performance test as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: the eccentric setting in described seam chamber.
4. the analogue experiment method of aluminium alloy extruded seam performance test as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: the setting of center, described seam chamber.
5. the analogue experiment method of aluminium alloy extruded seam performance test as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: the control of extruding seam mold temperature is at 400 ℃～500 ℃ during extruding, and the extrusion metal strain rate is controlled at 0.001s
-1～100s
-1
6. the analogue experiment method of aluminium alloy extruded seam performance test as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: the control of extruding seam mold temperature is at 400 ℃～500 ℃ during extruding, and the extrusion metal strain rate is controlled at 0.001s
-1～100s
-1
7. the analogue experiment method of aluminium alloy extruded seam performance test as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the control of extruding seam mold temperature is at 400 ℃～500 ℃ during extruding, and the extrusion metal strain rate is controlled at 0.001s
-1～100s
-1
8. the analogue experiment method of aluminium alloy extruded seam performance test as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described extruding seam mould cooperates tapering with sleeve be 5 °, the awl line makes progress from the bottom, outwards expansion.
9. as the analogue experiment method of claim 1 or 8 described aluminium alloy extruded seam performance tests, it is characterized in that: enlarged cavity is left in the bottom at described sleeve, and described extruding seam mould seat is located in the enlarged cavity.
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| CN105005650B (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2017-10-31 | 山东大学 | A kind of quantitative evaluating method of Extrusion Process of Aluminum Alloy Profile welding quality |
| CN105486580A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-04-13 | 天津东义镁制品股份有限公司 | Method for detecting extruding and welding strength of magnesium hollow section bar |
| CN105547826A (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2016-05-04 | 天津东义镁制品股份有限公司 | Detection method of extruding and welding strength of magnesium alloy pipes |
| CN109187187B (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2020-03-10 | 山东大学 | Method for quantitatively evaluating solid-state welding performance of metal material |
| CN113270022B (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2022-03-22 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢钒有限公司 | Steel rail all-purpose rolling metal flow plane demonstration control method |
| CN113362693B (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2022-03-22 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢钒有限公司 | Demonstration control method for metal flow plane of steel rail edging mill |
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| CN1171691C (en) * | 2001-08-16 | 2004-10-20 | 宁波华液机器制造有限公司 | T-shaped member extruding and connecting process and special pressing and forming cutter |
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