CN105005650B - A kind of quantitative evaluating method of Extrusion Process of Aluminum Alloy Profile welding quality - Google Patents
A kind of quantitative evaluating method of Extrusion Process of Aluminum Alloy Profile welding quality Download PDFInfo
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- CN105005650B CN105005650B CN201510399912.5A CN201510399912A CN105005650B CN 105005650 B CN105005650 B CN 105005650B CN 201510399912 A CN201510399912 A CN 201510399912A CN 105005650 B CN105005650 B CN 105005650B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of quantitative evaluating method of aluminium section bar D extrusion welding quality, comprise the following steps：To creating, D extrusion model carries out mesh generation and squeezing parameter is set, and numerical simulation is carried out to Extrusion Process of Aluminum Alloy Profile soldering process, obtains the material flowing law that metal stream entirely extrudes soldering process；The data message such as pressure, stress and three-dimensional coordinate of all bonding points on the soldering face of extraction；The data message of extraction is handled, discrete three dimensional space coordinate point is obtained；The discrete three dimensions point of gained is fitted to a smooth surface, and obtains the fitting surface and projects coated space body volume with plane perpendicular.The evaluation of extruding welding quality is extended to threedimensional model by the present invention by two dimensional model, data from merely with a soldering line are extended to using the data in whole soldering face to evaluate welding quality, and accurate quantitative description is extended to by basic qualitative description, the qualitative assessment to three-dimensional hollow profile extrusion welding quality is realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to extruded metal profile technical field, more particularly to a kind of quantifying for Extrusion Process of Aluminum Alloy Profile welding quality is commented
Estimate method, the welding quality for the assessment aluminum extrusion process medium section of accurate quantitative analysis.
Background technology
Aluminium alloy extrusions is because its density is low, outward appearance is good, specific strength is high, good corrosion resistance the advantages of, in track traffic, aviation
The fields such as space flight, automobile, ship, electric power, the energy, building achieve application widely.According to statistics, global aluminum in 2012 adds
Work material yield up to 48,000,000 tons, wherein squeeze wood more than 19,500,000 tons, and aluminium section bar constantly to maximization, the flat widthization of thin-walled and
Section, which complicates direction, to be developed, and the complicated hollow industrial aluminum profile proportion of big cross section increasingly improves [Liu Jingan, contemporary aluminium alloy
Extrude the development characteristic and market analysis resource regenerations of new material, 2014 (03):19-22].
Current more than 90% hollow aluminum section is produced using shunting combination extrusion technique.It is high in extrusion process
Warm ingot casting, by extrusion die, because of the presence of mold diversion bridge, is divided into several under the promotion of pressure ram when metal is by way of mould
Money paid for shares category stream, under high temperature and high pressure environment, due to acting by external hydrostatic pressure, metal stream is existed by convergence fusion again again in bonding container
Together, when therefore extruding production using diffluence combination die, due to shunting the presence of bridge, inevitably there is weldering in aluminium shape surface
Zygonema, is referred to as longitudinal soldering line.The forming process of soldering line is the solid-state fusion process of metal material in fact, along with microcosmic
Structural rearrangement, such as recovery and recrystallization and crystal grain grow up [Den Bakker AJ, Werkhoven RJ, Sillekens WH,
Katgerman L.Towards predictive control of extrusion weld seams:an integrated
approach.Key Engineering Materials.2010；424:9-17].Compared with other positions of section bar, longitudinal soldering
Mechanical property at line is poor, the minimum position of intensity in typically whole hollow profile, and section bar often first occurs broken here
It is bad.In addition, mold diversion hole number is more, corresponding soldering number of lines is more, potential inside complicated big cross section hollow profile
Soldering defect it is more.Therefore, increasingly extensive today is applied in complicated big cross section hollow aluminum section, studies hollow aluminum section
During extruding soldering soldering line formation mechenism and its welding quality is assessed exactly to improving the quality of production and productivity effect
Particularly important [Loukus A, Subhash G, Imaninejad M.Mechanical properties and
microstructural characterization of extrusion welds in AA6082-T4.Journal of
Materials Science 2004；39:6561-6569].
Because actual extruding production completes soldering in the bonding container of HTHP, material fusion process is difficult by physics
Means are directly monitored, therefore it is current research extruding soldering most common method that soldering criterion is combined with numerical simulation, is led to
Cross and numerical simulation is carried out to Extrusion Process of Aluminum Alloy Profile soldering process, extract the related data on soldering face, then utilize soldering criterion
Calculate Weld strength.Conventional soldering criterion mainly has pressure versus time criterion (Q criterions) and pressure versus time-flow velocity criterion at present
(K criterions).When the integrated value (being referred to as Weld strength) of the pressure versus time in Q or K criterions or pressure versus time-flow rate expression reaches
During to the material soldering limit, just think that the welding quality of section bar is good.However, the current most office of analog study to extruding soldering
It is limited to the two-dimentional extrusion process of the simple symmetric form hollow profile of section configuration, rarely has and aluminium section bar D extrusion process is carried out
Welding quality evaluation study.In addition, the quantitative study on soldering criterion at present, also all rests on simplified two-dimentional mould mostly
Type, that is, what is calculated is the corresponding Q values in a soldering path or K values on soldering face, there is not yet owning using on whole soldering face
Soldering point data carries out quantitative study truly to D extrusion welding quality.
The content of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve the above problems, it is proposed that a kind of quantitative evaluating method of Extrusion Process of Aluminum Alloy Profile welding quality, this
Method can carry out transient simulation to aluminium section bar D extrusion process, extract the valid data of all bonding points in soldering face, and base
In extracted data, with reference to soldering criterion, qualitative assessment exactly is carried out to D extrusion welding quality.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
A kind of quantitative evaluating method of Extrusion Process of Aluminum Alloy Profile welding quality, comprises the following steps：
(1) D extrusion model is created, and model is imported in finite element software, mesh generation is carried out and squeezing parameter is set
Put, to Extrusion Process of Aluminum Alloy Profile soldering process carry out numerical simulation, obtain metal stream from be diverted to contact the soldering of soldering face beginning
Material flowing law of the section bar extrusion work with the whole extruding soldering process for occurring complete soldering is arrived again；
(2) data message such as pressure, stress and three-dimensional coordinate of all bonding points on soldering face is extracted；
(3) data message of extraction is handled, obtains discrete three dimensional space coordinate point；
(4) the discrete three dimensions point of gained is fitted to a smooth surface, and obtains the fitting surface and hung down with bottom surface
The space body volume that shadow is coated is delivered directly, the corresponding K values in soldering path as on soldering face.
In the step (1), specifically include：
(1-1) creates D extrusion model using UG and exports stl file, and stl file is imported and gone forward side by side in Forge-3D
Row mesh generation and squeezing parameter are set；
(1-2) sets friction species, coefficient and heat transfer to join according to the species of mould and the die region of material flowing therethrough
Number.
In the step (2), the correlation for extracting all soldering nodes on soldering face is post-processed by Forge-3D softwares
Parameter includes node pressure p, node stress σ, node flow velocity v and node coordinate (x, y, z).
In the step (2), the number of bonding point is determined that mesh generation is finer and closely woven by mesh-density, and soldering nodes are got over
It is many.
In the step (3), according to the node pressure p extracted, node stress σ, it is determined that each bonding point k values are：kij
=pij/σij, i.e., Z axis coordinate in space coordinates.
In the step (3), according to the actual coordinate (x, y, z) of extracted node, soldering areal coordinate l is converted thereof intoi,
mj, i.e., X, Y-axis coordinate in space coordinates；The final three dimensional space coordinate point (l for obtaining series of discretei,mj,kij)。
In the step (4), discrete three dimensions point coordinate data is called first, then using mesh generation function pair
X/Y plane is that soldering face carries out grid data division, and whole XY faces are divided into size identical surface elemant；Pass through difference letter
It is several that row interpolation is entered to Z-direction data；The data after interpolation are fitted to smooth surface with drawing function；Finally by summing function
The corresponding space body volume of all surface elemants is added up, you can obtain K values.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
(1) it whole to hollow profile can extrude soldering process and carry out transient simulation, each single metal stream is obtained in real time
The data result of flowing law and extrusion process.
(2) K soldering criterion volume-based models are proposed, and quantization welding quality is regard K values size as according to its physical significance
Standard.
(3) be based on welding quality criterion, by two dimensional model threedimensional model be extended to the evaluation for extruding welding quality, i.e., from
It is extended to using the data in whole soldering face to evaluate welding quality merely with the data on a soldering line, and by basic
Qualitative description is extended to accurate quantitative description, realizes the qualitative assessment to three-dimensional hollow profile extrusion welding quality.
(4) inventive method is based on, the factors such as different squeezing parameters and mould structure can be studied welding quality is determined
Amount influence, and influence of the factor to whole soldering plane different zones welding quality is assessed, provided for actual production and processing
Theoretical foundation and Technical Reference.
(5) the present disclosure applies equally to other by extrude soldering process shape welding quality quantitative assessment.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the square tube section section configuration and dimensional drawing of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the three-dimensional welding quality evaluation volume model schematic of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the three-dimensional mould geometrical model of the present invention；
Fig. 4 (a) be the present invention transient simulation in blank shunting after middle part start reach soldering face；
Fig. 4 (b) be the present invention transient simulation in metal stream center section mutually merging concurrent first portion soldering；
Fig. 4 (c) be the present invention transient simulation in metal stream bonding container other positions and gradually are flowed under mould constraint
Full of bonding container；
Fig. 4 (d) be the present invention transient simulation in extrusion profile just extrusion work band and occur complete soldering completely；
Fig. 5 be the present invention extrusion mode on soldering face all soldering nodes actual distribution figure；
Fig. 6 is pressure and stress axis (k after analog result of the inventionijValue) fitting surface cloud charts；
Fig. 7 is the K values under the model extrusion stability stage difference extruding step number of the present invention.
Embodiment：
The invention will be further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
By using a kind of method of qualitative assessment D extrusion soldering process welding quality proposed by the invention, realize
The transient simulation extruded square tube as shown in Figure 1, and quantitative assessment is carried out to aluminium section bar D extrusion process welding quality.
(1) it is theoretical to prepare
Soldering face is extended to by soldering line for soldering criterion is applied, it is right on soldering face that the calculating of Weld strength must take into consideration
Contributive the be possible to soldering path of welding quality, i.e., the integration of all p/ σ values in soldering face.Integrated according to K soldering criterion
The mathematical description of expression formula, volume that K integrated values can be coated by three dimensions as shown in Figure 2 is represented.Wherein X-axis
It is respectively the height l and width m in soldering face with Y-axis, Z axis is the corresponding p/ σ values of selected bonding point in soldering face, bottom surface projection
For soldering face.If obtain whole p/ σ curved surfaces projects coated space body volume with plane perpendicular, just obtain in soldering face and own
Weld strength K values corresponding to possible soldering path, also just complete the evaluation of D extrusion welding quality.This is to be proposed
K soldering criterion volume-based models.
(2) model is set up
Qualitative assessment D extrusion process welding quality is now illustrated by taking the first-class wall thickness square tube section shown in Fig. 1 as an example
Step.The extrusion profile length of side is 27mm, and wall thickness is 4mm, and fillet radius is 1mm, and round radius is 3mm, section bar section
Product is 361.62mm2, section bar material therefor is AA6061.
D extrusion model is created first with UG and stl file is exported, and stl file is imported in Forge-3D and carried out
Mesh generation and squeezing parameter are set.The setting of portion extrusion technological parameter is as follows：Blank temperature is 480 DEG C, mould preheating temperature
Spend for 450 DEG C, dummy block speed is 0.5mm/s, and bar diameter is 80mm, and extrusion ratio is 13.9.
When the transient state extruding of square tube is simulated using Forge-3D, coefficient of friction is according to the difference of material flowing therethrough die region
It is varied from.Friction is set as follows with heat transfer parameter：It is shearing friction, friction between blank and recipient and dies cavity
The factor is 0.85；Blank is Coulomb friction with friction at work band, and friction factor is 0.3.Blank and miscellaneous part (including extruding
Cylinder, dummy block, mould) heat transfer coefficient be 3000W/ (m2·K)。
(3) simulation result analysis
In realistic simulation, in order to save operation time, the extruding soldering of 1/8th square tube transient states is simulated using Forge-3D
Process, can obtain metal stream and soldering face is contacted since just to section bar extrusion work with complete this whole process of soldering of generation
Material mobility status, as shown in Figure 4.Fig. 4 (a) represents that blank is divided into two money paid for shares category under shunting bridge effect after tap hole
Stream, middle part metal stream comes in contact at soldering face first, and this represents that material flow rates of the metal stream in middle part are higher than
Periphery；Fig. 4 (b) represents that center section metal stream is mutually merging concurrent first portion soldering；Fig. 4 (c) represents metal stream in mould
Tool constraint down hill welding closes the flowing of room other positions, and bonding container is gradually full of by metal stream；Fig. 4 (d) represents that extrusion profile is just complete
Full extrusion work band, now occurs complete soldering, extrusion reaches the extrusion stability stage.
(4) extraction and processing of soldering face data
To obtain the K values on whole soldering face, i.e. Fig. 2 volume using K soldering criterion (formula), it is necessary to obtain by soldering
The three-dimension curved surface that point data is fitted.Therefore, extracting all soldering nodes on soldering face by the post processing of Forge-3D softwares
Parameter：Node pressure p, node stress σ, node flow velocity v, node coordinate (x, y, z) etc..Fig. 5 represents bonding point on soldering face
Actual distribution figure, position at soldering face width, soldering face short transverse, the direction of extrusion and mould outlet is labelled with figure
Put.In simulation, how much node is determined by mesh-density：Mesh generation is finer and closely woven, and node is more, and simulation precision is higher, but required
Time is longer.Therefore in the case of Computing ability and operation time allow, to obtain more accurately K values, mesh generation
Should be as fine and closely woven as possible.
Based on Matlab, according to the node pressure p extracted, node stress σ, it is determined that the k values of each bonding point are kij=
pij/σij, i.e., Z axis coordinate in space coordinates；Actual coordinate (x, y, z) according to node is extracted is converted into soldering areal coordinate li,
mj, i.e., X, Y-axis coordinate in space coordinates；The final three dimensional space coordinate point (l for obtaining series of discretei,mj,kij).Finally,
Extracted coordinate point data is directly invoked, discrete three dimensions point is fitted to a smooth surface, and it is bent to obtain fitting
Face projects coated space body volume, as K values with plane perpendicular.
The square tube extrusion process common mode intends 177 steps, wherein initially entering the extruding soldering stabilization sub stage from 142 steps.Now with mould
The 150th step extrudes data instance in type, analyzes kijDistribution value rule.That Fig. 6 is represented is bonding point k on soldering faceijValue is on weldering
The diagram of block of chalaza coordinate fitting, it is soldering path pair on soldering face that curved surface projects coated volume with plane perpendicular
The K values answered.It is obvious that the k values on the outside of bonding container are than overall big, the type obtained by Splicing Mechanism of k values on the inside of bonding container
Material outboard mass is better than quality on the inside of section bar.According to calculating, k values are between 1.12 to 7.87, and the value is by same bonding point
The ratio of force and stress is pressed to determine.
(5) quantitative Application of welding quality criterion
To study the quantitative Application of soldering criterion, bonding point on model extrusion stability stage different step number soldering faces is extracted
Data, and obtain the K values accordingly walked and see Fig. 7.Extrusion stability stage K values can be obtained and fluctuate smaller, the average value of K values under the model
For 1303.69mm2, steady-state process medium section welding quality is basicly stable matches with extruding for this.
Because not yet someone studies and obtains the soldering limit during D extrusion, it is impossible to pass through calculated numerical value straight
Connect and judge whether that soldering is good, but welding quality quality can be judged by obtaining the Dimensionless Form (being represented with K*) of K values.Its
In, the average area in soldering face is 275.59mm2, then on whole soldering face all bonding point k values average value K*：
This points out that welding quality is well consistent when it is 3~4 times to press the ratio between force and stress with L.Donati in the literature
[Donati L,Tomesani L.The effect of die design on the production and seam weld
quality of extruded aluminum profiles.J Mater Process Tech.2005；164:1025-31].
Thus, section bar D extrusion welding quality quantitatively can be commented exactly by new method set forth above
Estimate.
Although above-mentioned the embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to accompanying drawing, not to present invention protection model
The limitation enclosed, one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that on the basis of technical scheme those skilled in the art are not
Need to pay various modifications or deform still within protection scope of the present invention that creative work can make.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of quantitative evaluating method of Extrusion Process of Aluminum Alloy Profile welding quality, it is characterized in that：Comprise the following steps：
(1) D extrusion model is created, and model is imported in finite element software, mesh generation is carried out and squeezing parameter is set,
Numerical simulation is carried out to Extrusion Process of Aluminum Alloy Profile soldering process, metal stream is obtained and soldering face is contacted since being diverted to, then generating unit
Material flowing law during point soldering, then the whole extruding soldering for the band that works to section bar extrusion；
(2) pressure, stress and the three-dimensional coordinate data information of all bonding points on soldering face are extracted；
(3) data message of extraction is handled, obtains discrete three dimensional space coordinate point；
Its specific method is：According to the node pressure p extracted, node stress σ, it is determined that each bonding point k values are：kij=pij/
σij, i.e., Z axis coordinate in space coordinates；According to the actual coordinate (x, y, z) for extracting node, soldering areal coordinate is converted thereof into
li,mj, i.e., X, Y-axis coordinate in space coordinates；The final three dimensional space coordinate point (l for obtaining series of discretei,mj,kij)；
(4) the discrete three dimensions point of gained is fitted to a smooth surface, and obtains smooth surface and bottom that this is fitted to
The space body volume that face upright projection is coated, the corresponding K values in soldering path as on soldering face.
2. a kind of quantitative evaluating method of Extrusion Process of Aluminum Alloy Profile welding quality as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The step
(1) in, specifically include：
(1-1) creates D extrusion model using UG and exports stl file, and stl file is imported in Forge-3D and net is carried out
Lattice are divided and squeezing parameter is set；
(1-2) sets friction species, coefficient of friction and heat transfer to join according to the species of mould and the die region of material flowing therethrough
Number.
3. a kind of quantitative evaluating method of Extrusion Process of Aluminum Alloy Profile welding quality as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The step
(2) in, the relevant parameter for extracting all soldering nodes on soldering face is post-processed by Forge-3D softwares, including：Node pressure
Power p, node stress σ, node flow velocity v and node coordinate (x, y, z).
4. a kind of quantitative evaluating method of Extrusion Process of Aluminum Alloy Profile welding quality as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The step
(2) in, the number of bonding point is determined that mesh generation is finer and closely woven by mesh-density, and soldering nodes are more.
5. a kind of quantitative evaluating method of Extrusion Process of Aluminum Alloy Profile welding quality as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The step
(4) in, discrete three dimensions point coordinate data is called first, is then that soldering face is entered using mesh generation function pair X/Y plane
Row grid data is divided, and whole XY faces are divided into size identical surface elemant；Z-direction data are carried out by interpolating function
Interpolation；The data after interpolation are fitted to smooth surface with drawing function；Finally by summing function by all surface elemants pair
The space body volume answered adds up, you can obtain K values.
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| CN109187187B (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2020-03-10 | 山东大学 | Method for quantitatively evaluating solid-state welding performance of metal material |
| CN109967545A (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2019-07-05 | 山东科技大学 | Cross weld and discard method for determining dimension in aluminum profile production process |
| CN112733406A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-04-30 | 昆山六丰机械工业有限公司 | Method for establishing friction stir welding structure defect prediction model by using finite element method |
| CN113838664A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-12-24 | 山东电工电气集团智能电气有限公司 | Method, device, equipment and medium for determining wire parameters after extrusion of enameled round wire |
| CN117113156B (en) * | 2023-10-20 | 2024-01-09 | 浙江鸿昌铝业有限公司 | Saw cutting section quality analysis method for aluminum profile |
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