CN102577752B - Airborne high-efficiency cleaning device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an onboard efficient cotton cleaning device, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery and comprises a vertical flow channel with an input hole in the middle of one side. A cellular box with honeycomb holes on the lateral wall is installed on the top of the vertical flow channel, an upper toothed roller and a lower toothed roller supported inside a lower casing are installed on the lower portion of the vertical flow channel, an upper brush and a lower brush radially extending towards the upper toothed roller and the lower toothed roller are respectively mounted at the same-side lower ends of the vertical flow channel and the input hole and on the lower casing, beating rods are distributed at intervals on the sides, corresponding to the input hole, of the upper toothed roller and the lower toothed roller along circular tracks, a cotton collection channel for delivering air flow from bottom to top is arranged at the bottom of the casing. A suction hole on the side, opposite to the beating rods, of the upper toothed roller is reserved in the middle of the cotton collection channel, a return hole lower than the input hole is reserved on the side, opposite to the input hole, of the vertical flow channel, and a distribution channel extends up diagonally from the return hole and out of the vertical flow channel. The onboard efficient cotton cleaning device is capable of preventing unginned cotton from being blown out of an impurity hole and impurities from directly entering a cotton collection box in a short-pass manner, and accordingly the rate of impurities is lowered effectively.

Description

Airborne high-efficiency cleaning device

technical field

The invention relates to a cotton cleaning device, in particular to an airborne high-efficiency cotton cleaning device, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. the

Background technique

Due to the advantages of simple structure, low cost and good agronomic adaptability, the cotton harvester has been valued by many domestic scientific research institutions, and the product under research has entered the trial production test stage. However, the biggest disadvantage of this machine is the high impurity content, which restricts its popularization and application. At present, the existing airborne cleaning devices mainly include three types: spike type, sawtooth type and mixed type. Among them, the sawtooth type is the most widely used because of its compact structure and better cleaning effect, but its impurity content is still about 20%, which is still far from the "Cotton Harvester" standard that requires 11% of the impurity content in my country. The main problems are: 1) The separation of seed cotton in the upper part of the trash removal device is not complete, and the seed cotton is easily discharged directly from the trash discharge port, which will block the trash discharge port while causing cotton loss, affecting the separation of fine trash and increasing the trash content; 2. ) Part of the cotton branches directly enter the cotton collection box without being cleaned by the second-level toothed roller; 3) There are defects in the setting of the two-level sawtooth roller, which may easily cause the cotton to be repeatedly hooked and pulled to form broken flowers; these problems lead to the existing cotton after cleaning. The impurity rate remains high. the

Contents of the invention

The primary purpose of the present invention is to propose a cotton waste sorting device that can effectively prevent seed cotton from being directly discharged from the waste discharge port, so as to reduce the waste content after the waste cleaning treatment. the

The further object of the present invention is to propose a cotton trash sorting device that can prevent the impurities in the seed cotton from directly entering the cotton collecting box without being cleaned by the secondary gear roller, so as to ensure the quality of cotton cleaning. the

In order to achieve the above primary purpose, the airborne high-efficiency cotton cleaning device of the present invention includes a vertical channel with an input port in the middle part of one side, and the top of the vertical channel is equipped with a honeycomb box with honeycomb holes in the side wall (the The top of the honeycomb box preferably has a cotton screen), the lower part of the vertical flow channel is equipped with parallel upper gear rollers and lower gear rollers supported in the lower housing, the lower end of the vertical channel and the same side of the input port And the upper brush and the lower brush extending radially toward the upper gear roller and the lower gear roller are respectively installed on the lower shell, and the side of the upper gear roller and the lower gear roller corresponding to the input port is distributed along the arc track at intervals There is a beating rod, and the bottom of the shell is provided with a cotton collecting flow channel for conveying airflow from bottom to top, and the middle part of the cotton collecting flow channel is provided with a suction port on the opposite side of the upper gear roller and the beating rod, which is improved The position is: the vertical flow channel is located on the opposite side of the input port and has a return port lower than the input port, and the return port extends out of the vertical flow channel to form an upwardly inclined shunt channel (the top of the shunt channel is preferably With cotton mesh). the

When the seed cotton is input from the input port, due to the setting of the diversion channel, part of the air flow that originally flowed upward flows downward, thereby slowing down the speed of the conveying air flow upward, eliminating the resistance of the seed cotton settlement, and accelerating the settlement speed of the seed cotton, effectively It prevents the seed cotton from being blown out from the miscellaneous outlet, so that it can smoothly fall onto the toothed roller for further miscellaneous treatment. the

In order to achieve the above further purpose, guide plates with upper and lower ends respectively adjacent to the upper gear roller and the lower gear roller are installed between the upper gear roller and the lower gear roller. In this way, when the seed cotton is processed by the upper toothed roller, part of the unseparated impurities can be scraped off by the guide plate, and naturally transition to the lower toothed roller to be removed, thereby preventing the impurities from directly entering the cotton collection box. At the same time, the seed cotton brushed by the lower toothed roller is guided to the upper toothed roller due to the function of the guide plate, and with the rotation of the upper toothed roller, it reaches the negative pressure area near the return port, and is output to the cotton collection box to prevent the seed cotton from being repeatedly hooked. Fragmentation is formed. the

The further improvement of the present invention is that a pressing roller parallel to it is installed above the side of the upper toothed roller that is not equipped with a beating rod, and pressing plates that are gradually dislocated in the angular direction are installed on the rotating shaft of the pressing roller at intervals in the axial direction. . Its function is to evenly press the fallen seed cotton onto the surface of the toothed roller by rotating relative to the upper toothed roller, so as to facilitate the subsequent beating treatment. the

A further improvement of the present invention is that a brush roller parallel to it is installed between the upper side of the lower toothed roller without the beating rod and the upper toothed roller, and the rotating shaft of the brush roller is installed radially at intervals from the upper and the upper toothed roller. The radial brushes in contact with the toothed rollers of the lower stage. Its function is to brush the cotton away from the surface of the upper and lower gear rollers through relative rotation with the upper and lower gear rollers, so as to facilitate output. the

The outstanding advantages of the present invention are:

1. The shunt channel is set up and the air pressure backflow technology is cleverly used to avoid the loss caused by the cotton flying out, and the defect that the upper cotton retaining grid cannot eliminate the fine impurities, which significantly improves the separation effect of the fine impurities;

2. The reasonable setting of the position of the two-stage sawtooth roller, combined with the use of the guide plate, strengthens the cleaning effect of the finger rod and the bell shell, and greatly reduces the impurity content of the seed cotton;

3. The guide plate also has the function of diversion, which can prevent the seed cotton brushed by the lower toothed roller from falling into the toothed roller again. Only the seed cotton is guided to the first-stage toothed roller, and then flows to the negative pressure area with the first-stage toothed roller and the brush roller. It effectively avoids the phenomenon of broken flowers formed by repeated hooking of seed cotton. the

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. the

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. the

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the toothed roller in the embodiment of Fig. 1 . the

FIG. 3 is a side view of FIG. 2 . the

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic view of the cotton pressing roller in the embodiment of Fig. 1 . the

FIG. 5 is a side view of FIG. 4 . the

Detailed ways

Embodiment one

The basic structure of the airborne high-efficiency cotton cleaning device of this embodiment is shown in Figure 1, and the middle part of one side of the vertical flow channel A at the top of the device has an input port 8, and the top of the vertical flow channel A has a honeycomb hole on the side wall. Beehive box 9, the top of beehive box 9 is equipped with retaining cotton grid 10. The lower part of the vertical flow channel A is equipped with parallel upper-stage toothed rollers 6 and lower-stage toothed rollers 2 supported in the lower casing. The upper brush and the lower brush 4 radially extending towards the upper toothed roller 6 and the lower toothed roller 2 are respectively installed on the lower end of the vertical channel A and the same side of the input port and the lower casing. Hairbrush 4 forms the inclination angle of about 60 ° (50 °-70 ° all can) with horizontal plane. On the side of the upper toothed roller 6 and the lower toothed roller 2 corresponding to the input port, beater bars 3 are distributed at intervals along the arc track, and the lower toothed roller 2 is also equipped with an arc-shaped grid 1 connected with the beater bar. A fan 16 is installed at the bottom of the casing, and there is a cotton collecting flow channel C that starts from the fan port to convey airflow from bottom to top. In the middle of the cotton collecting flow channel, there is a suction port 14 located on the opposite side of the upper gear roller 6 and the beating bar. The seed cotton output port at its terminal is an indirect cotton collecting box. The vertical flow channel A is located on the opposite side of the input port 8 and has a return port 12 lower than the input port. The return port extends out of the vertical flow channel A and extends an inclined upward shunt channel B. The top of the shunt channel is equipped with a stop Cotton netting. the

The structure of the upper and lower gear rollers is shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3. The two ends are respectively supported on the bearing seat 6-1 of the housing 4, driven by the pulley 6-5 to rotate, and the cylinder body 6-3 is arranged at intervals with diameters To the toothed sawtooth bar 6-2. the

In addition, the airborne high-efficiency cleaning device of this embodiment also has the following structural features:

1) Between the upper toothed roller 6 and the lower toothed roller 2, there is a guide plate 5 with upper and lower ends adjacent to the upper toothed roller and the lower toothed roller respectively, and the inclination angle of the guide plate can be set as required. the

2) On the upper side of the upper toothed roller 6 that is not equipped with a beating rod, there is a cotton press roller 7 parallel to it. The cotton press roller is shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5. On 7-1, driven by belt pulley 7-4, the cotton pressing plate 7-2 of angular misalignment is installed axially at intervals on rotating shaft 7-3. the

3), between the upper side of the lower toothed roller 2 without the beating rod and the upper toothed roller 6, there is a brush roller 15 parallel to it, and the rotating shaft of the brush roller is installed at radial intervals to contact the upper and lower toothed rollers radial brushes. When the seed cotton is fed by the air from the input port, the upper structure plays the role of separating fine impurities (impurities lighter than seed cotton: cotton broken leaves, etc.), and the parts placed in the lower part of the shell are separated from large impurities (impurities heavier than seed cotton: branches) Bell shell, etc.) play a role in separation. Specifically, the seed cotton containing impurities is driven by the wind, and after entering the upper fine and impurity separation area from the input port, the airflow is divided into two paths, and one path is directly discharged upward through the gaps of the honeycomb box and the cotton retaining grid of the direct current channel. Atmosphere; the other way is discharged into the atmosphere through the return port through the cotton screen of the diversion channel. Since the fine impurities are relatively light, they can be discharged with the wind. Because the cross-sectional area of the direct flow channel is larger than the previous flow channel cross-sectional area, the wind speed decreases rapidly, and the seed cotton and miscellaneous materials sink. The air pressure backflow formed by the backflow port not only reduces the resistance of the seed cotton and impurities to sink, but also accelerates the sinking speed. The seed cotton and impurities that have crossed the backflow port are pressed down onto the upper toothed roller under the action of the pressing roller, and the toothed hook of the roller pulls the cotton wool and rotates counterclockwise. The bell shell and impurities passing over the brush are separated from the upper gear roller by the multi-stage beating rod, and a few impurities that have not escaped are scraped off by the guide plate and enter the lower gear roller. The seed cotton hooked on the toothed roller of the upper stage breaks away from the toothed roller under the action of the brush roller, enters the negative pressure area at the suction port, is sucked by the airflow generated by the fan and blows to the cotton collection box. Part of the seed cotton is entrained by the impurities separated from the upper gear roller, and then through the same principle of the lower gear roller, the impurities are completely separated from the seed cotton, and the impurities fall into the ground. The seed cotton on the lower toothed roller is brushed off by the brush roller, and is prevented by the guide plate from flowing to the negative pressure chamber with the upper toothed roller, and then sent to the cotton collection box to avoid the formation of broken cotton by repeated hook belts of the lower toothed roller. the

Tests have proved that after adopting the device of this embodiment, the cotton waste separation efficiency is high and the quality is guaranteed, which can effectively avoid the loss of cotton flying out of the upper part of the existing waste cleaning device, and at the same time significantly reduce the seed cotton due to repeated hooking. After impurity content. the

In addition to the above-mentioned embodiments, the present invention can also have other implementations. All technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention. the

Claims (8)

1. An airborne high-efficiency cotton cleaning device, comprising a vertical flow channel with an input port in the middle part of one side, the top of the vertical flow channel is equipped with a honeycomb box with honeycomb holes in the side wall, and the vertical flow channel The lower part is equipped with parallel upper gear rollers and lower gear rollers supported in the lower shell, and the lower end of the vertical channel on the same side as the input port and the lower shell are respectively installed radially toward the upper gear rollers and lower gear rollers. The extended upper brush and the lower brush, the side of the upper tooth roller and the lower tooth roller corresponding to the input port are distributed with beating rods at intervals along the arc track, and the bottom of the shell is provided with a cotton collector that conveys airflow from bottom to top The flow channel, the middle part of the cotton collecting flow channel has a suction port located on the opposite side of the upper toothed roller and the beating rod, and it is characterized in that: the vertical flow channel is located on the side opposite to the input port and has a suction port lower than the input port. The reflow port extends out of the vertical flow channel to form an oblique upward shunt channel. 2. The airborne high-efficiency cotton cleaning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: guide plates with upper and lower ends respectively adjacent to the upper and lower gear rollers are installed between the upper and lower gear rollers. 3. The airborne high-efficiency cotton cleaning device according to claim 2, characterized in that: a pressing roller parallel to it is installed above the side of the upper toothed roller that is not equipped with a beating bar, and the rotating shaft of the pressing roller The upper axial interval is installed with the pressure cotton boards which are gradually misaligned in the angular direction. 4. The airborne high-efficiency cotton cleaning device according to claim 3, characterized in that: a brush roller parallel to it is installed between the upper side of the lower toothed roller without a beating bar and the upper toothed roller. The radial brushes that contact the upper and lower gear rollers are installed at radial intervals on the rotating shafts of the brush rollers. 5. The airborne high-efficiency cotton cleaning device according to claim 4, characterized in that: sawtooth bars with radial teeth are arranged at intervals on the cylinder bodies of the upper and lower toothed rollers. 6. The airborne high-efficiency cotton cleaning device according to claim 5, characterized in that: the brush 4 forms an inclination angle of 50°-70° with the horizontal plane. 7. The airborne high-efficiency cotton cleaning device according to claim 6, characterized in that: said lower toothed rollers are equipped with arc-shaped grids connected with beating bars. 8. The airborne high-efficiency cotton cleaning device according to claim 7, characterized in that: the top of the honeycomb box and the top of the distribution channel are respectively provided with a cotton retaining net.

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