CN102573821A - 保持体重的戒烟法及营养补充剂 - Google Patents
保持体重的戒烟法及营养补充剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102573821A CN102573821A CN201080043603XA CN201080043603A CN102573821A CN 102573821 A CN102573821 A CN 102573821A CN 201080043603X A CN201080043603X A CN 201080043603XA CN 201080043603 A CN201080043603 A CN 201080043603A CN 102573821 A CN102573821 A CN 102573821A
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Abstract
在此披露了用于试图减少或停止吸烟或暴露于环境烟草烟雾的个体的一种复合物以及方法。该复合物包括封闭尼古丁受体位点以减少对尼古丁的渴求或戒断症状的一种第一组分;增加血清素水平并且与该第一组分协同作用以减少对尼古丁的渴求或戒断症状、协助保持体重并减少增加的紧张和焦虑的一种第二组分;以及与该第一组分和/或该第二组分协同作用以减少对尼古丁的渴求或戒断症状、保持体重和/或减少增加的紧张和焦虑的一种第三组分。该第三组分包括补充一种或多种损耗的身体物质,修复一种或多种损坏的身体物质和/或改善一种或多种身体物质受损功能的一种补充剂。该第一、第二和该第三组分的某种组合改变了烟草烟雾的感知味道。
Description
交叉引用的相关申请
本申请是2008年3月1日提交的基于2006年6月21日和2007年7月23日分别提交的已到期的美国临时专利申请序列号60/767/546和60/951,328对于来自烟草烟雾的维生素替代物、矿物以及神经递质的损失(REPLACEMENT OF VITAMINS,MINERALS ANDNEUROTRANSMITTER LOSSES FROM TOBACCO SMOKE)的目前未决的美国专利申请号11/969,199的一个部分继续申请;并且是2009年9月30日提交的对于通过减少对尼古丁的渴求、抑制食欲并且改变烟草烟雾的感知味道的戒烟治疗(SMOKING CESSATION TREATMENT BYREDUCING NICOTINE CRAVINGS,APPETITE SUPPRESSION,ANDALTERING THE PERCEIVED TASTE OF TOBACCO SMOKE)的目前未决的美国专利申请序列号12/571,391的一个部分继续申请;上述二者都是已放弃的2006年10月30日提交的对于抑制食欲的戒烟治疗(SMOKINGCESSATION TREATMENT WITH APPETITE SUPPRESSION)的美国专利申请序列号11/554,364的一个部分继续申请,是基于已到期的2006年6月21日提交的美国临时专利申请序列号60/767,546。这些申请中的每一个对于其中披露的所有内容通过引用全部结合在此。
背景技术
存在许多与吸烟有关的健康问题。除高度上瘾的尼古丁,烟草产品包含数千种化学化合物和添加剂,其中许多都是已知的致癌物。另外,烟草烟雾含有重金属,诸如铅和镉。镉引起锌和维生素D的损耗并且还可干扰维生素D的代谢。另外,镉存储在身体的脂肪中并可将其留存相当长的时间。烟草烟雾还具体包含一氧化碳、氧化氮、氰化氢和氨,所有这些对个体都是有毒的和/或致癌的。吸烟,特别是吸香烟,是大多数肺癌的原因,并且还与口腔、咽、喉、食管癌、胃、胰、子宫颈、肾、输尿管、膀胱和结肠的癌以及白血病相关。吸烟除了具有致癌的作用,据信这种活动还增加心血管疾患(包括中风)、猝死、心搏停止、周围性血管病以及主动脉瘤的风险。此外,烟草烟雾的许多组分已经被表征为刺激呼吸系统内层、导致支气管粘液分泌增加以及肺和黏膜纤毛功能慢性下降的纤毛毒性物质。
吸烟者和非吸烟者也可暴露于环境烟草烟雾,这是由吸烟者吸入烟草烟雾,然后将其呼出到环境中产生的(主流烟草烟雾),或由一种正在燃烧的含有烟草的产品(诸如香烟)排放的(侧流烟草烟雾)。然而,主流烟雾和侧流烟草烟雾中的化学组成性质上是类似的,因为它们都是通过燃烧烟草产生的,这两种类型的烟雾具有一些显著的定量差异。具体而言,由于在主流烟雾最初生成时吸烟者主动从含有烟草的产品中吸入,主流烟草烟雾的形成温度比侧流烟草烟雾的形成温度高得多。因此,相比于主流烟草烟雾,弥漫在吸烟者周围的侧流烟草烟雾包含更多的化学化合物,这就意味着侧流烟草烟雾比主流烟草烟雾更容易致癌。因此,暴露于环境烟草烟雾的那些人的健康问题的风险相当大。暴露于环境烟草烟雾的人们不仅包括吸烟者本人,还包括吸烟者附近的非吸烟者,特别是吸烟者的孩子、配偶、其他家庭成员和朋友。
在诸如香烟的烟草产品中,烟草及其添加剂不是该产品仅有的携有危险性化学品的部分。具体地,香烟制造商所用的纸张可设计成缓慢燃烧的。除其他方法外,这可通过在纸张中添加锑实现。加入锑使纸张缓慢地燃烧,然而它还可能将另一种有毒物质-锑置于吸烟者的身体和环境中。
除了致癌的以及以上描述的与吸烟有关的其他健康问题,吸烟通过干扰重要的身体资源还影响身体正常运作的能力。具体地,吸食烟草产品并暴露于环境烟草烟雾直接导致身体物质,例如维生素类、矿物类、酶类、氨基酸类、辅因子类、前体类、神经递质类、细胞成分类等在个体内被损耗、损坏或干扰。这种对重要身体物质的损耗、损坏或干扰可导致吸烟者和那些暴露于环境烟草烟雾的人们的各种健康问题和/或增加上面所描述的健康问题的风险。
由于对吸烟者和那些暴露于环境烟草烟雾的人们具有这样的健康风险和问题,许多人尝试戒烟或至少减少每天吸烟的数量。由于多种原因,减少或停止吸烟是一个非常艰难的过程。首先,如上所述,尼古丁是高度成瘾的。试图戒烟的人们经常会因为他们所体验的对尼古丁的渴求和戒断症状而失败。其次,许多人因为烟草味道的吸引而吸烟,这种味道被描述为有点苦但是令人愉悦。大部分的苦味来自尼古丁本身。然而,烟草制品中含有包括薄荷醇和其他香料的添加剂,从而增加烟草产品的味道或迎合不同个体(例如,与常规的人相对,喜欢薄荷醇香烟的那些)的口味。能够感知尼古丁的苦味以及烟草烟雾中可能添加的增味剂的能力是渴望吸烟的重要因素。第三,不断利用意志力来减少或停止可能是长期的吸烟习惯以及所体验的对尼古丁的渴求和戒断症状可产生与吸烟有关的次级问题,如导致食欲增加的紧张和焦虑的增加。这种食欲的增加可导致不希望的体重增长,体重增长进而又可导致甚至更多的健康问题以及个体外表的无吸引力的变化。不希望的体重增长本身对减少或停止吸烟的个体的意志力可具有不利作用。这些作用中每一种、这些作用的任何组合、并且尤其是所有这些作用的组合可不利于个体减少或停止吸烟的尝试。
戒烟产品典型地是通过一些方法试图降低对尼古丁的渴求和戒断症状。一种方法是使用含有尼古丁的物质,例如经皮贴剂或口香糖,这些物质可使人们满足身体对尼古丁的渴求,而不吸入烟草烟雾损害他们的肺。这类产品暂时地协助减少对尼古丁的渴求和戒断症状,然而由于一旦取下贴剂或丢弃口香糖,它们的作用就停止,它们对克服个体对尼古丁的成瘾毫无帮助。这类产品对解决上面所讨论的与减少或停止吸烟有关的其他作用也毫无帮助。其他不使用含尼古丁物质的戒烟产品包括结合大脑内特定的细胞受体位点,从而阻止尼古丁与细胞受体位点相结合、协助控制对尼古丁的渴求和戒断症状的的化学物质。这类产品通常包含负二价硫化合物,例如烷基硫醚类、胶体硫、过硫氢化物类(hydropersulfide)、有机硫代化合物类及其盐类。此类产品可逐渐协助减少对尼古丁的渴求和戒断症状,然而对克服上面所讨论的减少或停止吸烟相关的其他作用毫无帮助。此外,任何一种上面所提到的戒烟产品对克服由于环境烟雾引起的健康问题都不起作用,该环境烟雾影响吸烟者和在吸烟者附近的非吸烟者,特别是吸烟者的孩子、配偶、其他家庭成员和朋友。
附图说明
图1为一种补救复合物及其协同作用的示意图;
图2为一个总体说明了味觉受体区域的舌头俯视图;
图3为图1的协同作用以及可实现所述协同作用的方式的示意图;并且
图4为一种补充身体物质、修复身体物质或改善身体物质的功能的方法的示意图,其中吸烟或暴露于环境烟草烟雾直接导致了在个体内这些身体物质被损耗、损坏或其功能受损;并且
图5为协助试图减少或停止吸烟的个体的一种方法的示意图
发明内容
总体上,这些附图和说明提供了一个系统,该系统包括包括图1中的补救复合物10,该补救复合物协同降低对尼古丁的渴求或戒断症状12以协助个体停止吸烟或至少减少每天吸烟的数量,降低试图停止或减少吸烟的个体的紧张和焦虑14,改变烟草烟雾的感知味道16以阻止继续吸烟,并抑制个体的食欲或具有抗脂肪作用以保持(包括可能减轻)体重18。抑制食欲避免减少吸烟或戒烟所不希望的副作用,例如食欲增加和造成的体重增加,然而具有抗脂肪作用的成分增强身体代谢脂肪的能力,从而在减少吸烟或戒烟的同时保持体重(这包括抑制体重增加以及减轻体重)。还提供一种补充损耗的身体物质20、修复损坏的身体物质20或改善受损的身体物质20的功能的营养补充剂,其中吸烟或暴露于环境烟草烟雾直接导致了这些身体物质被损耗、损坏或其功能受损。这类身体物质可包括维生素类、矿物类、酶类、氨基酸类、辅因子类、前体类、激素类、神经递质类、细胞成分类以及类似物,它们是由于吸烟或暴露于环境烟草烟雾(即“二手”烟)而损耗、损坏或受损的。如虚线所指,营养补充剂的至少某些成分也有助于上述一个或多个协同作用12、14、16和18。还提供了补充和修复身体物质或改善身体物质功能的一种方法,其中吸烟或暴露于环境烟草烟雾直接导致了在个体内这些身体物质被损耗、损坏或其功能受损。进一步提供了通过给予具有上述协同作用12、14、16和18的一种复合物来协助试图减少或停止吸烟的个体的方法。
在此使用的短语“补救”定义了一种疗法,该疗法被用来例如缓解身体失调或将一种或多种身体物质的不平衡恢复到更健康或最佳状态。短语“吸烟”包括通过使用诸如香烟、烟斗或类似物吸入含有尼古丁的烟草烟雾到个体的口腔和肺部和从个体口腔和肺部呼出含有尼古丁的烟草烟雾的任何方式。本文还讨论了诸如吸烟者的非吸烟家庭成员经历暴露在存在于环境中的烟草烟雾(或“二手”烟)的作用。如在本申请中使用的词语“协同”及其派生词定义为两种或两种以上组分的相互作用,从而引起不同、相加的组合结果,其结果可能经常比每个分开并且单独使用的成分的期望或预期结果更强。在许多情况下,这些作为一个系统的组合组分或组合力量的协同行为具有新颖的无法由分开地取自该系统中的任何单个组分的行为而预知和意料的作用。
如图1所示,复合物10的第一组分30包括至少一种封闭人体内足够多的尼古丁受体位点的成分,从而协助控制在试图戒烟的个体内由于该个体内的尼古丁剥夺引起的渴求或戒断症状。这种成分的一个例子是负二价硫32,它可以选自下组,该组包括但不限于过硫氢化物类、烷基硫醚类、胶体硫类、有机硫代化合物类或者它们药学上可接受的盐。目前优选的硫代化合物包括硫代丙三醇、硫代乙二醇及其药学上可接受的盐。
复合物10的第二组分40包括至少一种增加人体内血清素水平的成分,例如色氨酸42衍生的氨基酸,以及,更具体地,5-羟色氨酸(5-HTP)或相关的色氨酸衍生物,其量值足以协助抑制个体的食欲,协助减少对尼古丁的渴求或戒断症状,并协助减轻在一个试图停止或减少吸烟的个体内的紧张和焦虑。吸烟还被证实可减少个体内血清素的水平,这种作用在暴露于环境烟雾的个体中也可存在。因此,该复合物的该第二组分还补充了这类个体内损耗的血清素。
如上所述5-HTP可衍生自氨基酸L-色氨酸,但也可以从加纳籽(Griffonia simplicifolia)的种子提取物或其他来源产生。色氨酸,包括L-色氨酸及其衍生物,对我们的健康起着至关重要的作用,因为它是人体用来构建蛋白质和酶的必需氨基酸,并与辅因子四氢生物蝶呤一起作为血清素(5-羟色胺或5-HT)和氢载体NADH和NADPH的前体。血清素是一种神经递质,它对调节情绪、食欲、体温、以及各种激素的分泌起着重要作用,而吸烟者和暴露于环境烟雾的人们的血清素水平可被损耗。血清素不容易穿过血脑屏障,然而诸如5-HTP和L-色氨酸的血清素前体可以穿过血脑屏障。因此,摄取5-HTP、L-色氨酸或相关的色氨酸衍生物增加了体内的血清素的水平。L-色氨酸和其他这类衍生物适合在该复合物的第二组分中使用,然而在人体内5-HTP总体上比L-色氨酸更有效,因为5-HTP绕过使用色氨酸羟化酶这种酶进行血清素合成的限速步骤。
包括5-HTP、L-色氨酸以及类似物的色氨酸在被人体摄入时具有各种积极的副作用。例如,色氨酸可以作为情绪和睡眠的增强子并通常用于治疗抑郁和失眠,从而在减轻试图戒烟的个体的紧张和焦虑中发挥协同作用。色氨酸还可以提高疼痛耐受性并降低食欲,特别是降低对某些碳水化合物的渴求。此外,相比其他传统的食欲抑制剂,5-HTP具有相对小的分子大小,以便使5-HTP通过血流到达大脑。一旦进入大脑,5-HTP可转换成血清素,血清素作用于不同的血清素受体位点,以便抑制个体的食欲以及帮助减少试图减少或停止吸烟的个体对尼古丁的渴求或戒断症状。此外,相比其他食欲抑制剂,5-HTP是一种天然存在的成分,其可在体内由色氨酸产生并在高蛋白质食物(例如牛肉、鸡肉、鱼肉和乳制品)中找到。因此,相比于利用一些传统的食欲抑制剂中的非天然组分,用5-HTP补充个体身体来抑制食欲是相对更安全的。
由于色氨酸(包括其衍生物,例如,5-HTP)是身体用来产生血清素的一种前体,将其与上面提到的封闭尼古丁受体位点的复合物的第一组分组合使用,可允许个体增加成功地且不那么痛苦地克服吸烟习惯的机会。例如,因为血清素也抑制对尼古丁的渴求和戒断症状,增加个体内的血清素水平的第二组分与封闭尼古丁受体位点的第一组分协同作用,以显著降低摄取含有第一组分和第二组分两者的复合物的个体内对尼古丁的渴求和戒断症状。
为了增加人体内血清素的水平,也可或选择使用一种或多种血清素受体激动剂44作为复合物10的第二组分40。这些血清素受体激动剂激活血清素受体,从而模拟神经递质血清素在人体内的作用。血清素受体激动剂的例子包括但不限于选择性5-HT受体激动剂,例如氮杂螺酮(Azapirone)(如丁螺环酮以及类似物),它是一种5-HT1A受体位点的激动剂;曲坦类(Triptans)(例如,舒马普坦以及类似物),它是5-HT1B和5-HT1D受体位点的激动剂;Lasmiditan,它是5-HT1F受体位点的激动剂;曲唑酮,它是5-HT2受体位点的激动剂;Lorcaserin,这是5-HT2C受体位点的激动剂;以及西沙比利,它是5-HT4受体位点的激动剂。血清素受体激动剂的另一个例子包括但不限于,非选择性5-HT受体激动剂,如麦角胺,它是5-HT1A、5-HT1D、5-HT1B、D2和去甲肾上腺素受体位点的激动剂;和致幻剂(LSD,麦司卡林等),其至少是5-HT2A受体位点的激动剂。还存在许多其他以上没有列举的血清素受体激动剂,而且这些例子并不是这些激动剂的全部清单。
该复合物10的第三组分50包括一种补充剂,该补充剂补充损耗的身体物质20、修复损坏的身体物质20或恢复身体物质20的受损的功能,其中吸烟或暴露于环境烟草烟雾直接导致了这些身体物质被损耗、损坏或其功能受损。该复合物10的第三组分50也可有助于上面所描述的一个或多个协同作用,该协同作用与试图减少或停止吸烟的个体内减少对尼古丁的渴求或戒断症状12、减少紧张和焦虑14、改变烟草烟雾的感知味道16和保持体重18有关。具体地,该补充剂由一种或多种身体物质52组成,这些身体物质可以是维生素类、矿物类、酶类、氨基酸类、辅因子类、前体类、激素类、神经递质类、细胞成分类以及类似物。该补充剂可由任何一种形式的下列物质(下面给出这些形式的一些具体例子)组成:α-硫辛酸;处于其任何形式的铬,包括吡啶甲酸铬;生物素;处于其任何形式的酪氨酸,包括N-乙酰酪氨酸;四氢生物蝶呤,为一种辅因子;L-苯丙氨酸和/或DL-苯丙氨酸;匙羹藤(Gymnema sylvestre,Gumar);精氨酸;具有表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)的绿茶;处于其任何形式的丁酸盐,包括丁酸钠、丁酸钠钾和丁酸钙镁;刺毛黧豆(Mucuna puriens)(攀援植物种子);处于其任何形式的镁,包括甘氨酸镁、苹果酸镁、牛磺酸镁和柠檬酸镁;N-乙酰半胱氨酸和/或谷胱甘肽(可通过N-乙酰半胱氨酸制成);L-茶氨酸;厚朴(Magnolia officianalis);牛磺酸;褪黑激素(一种激素和抗氧化剂);处于其任何形式的激活和/或未激活的维生素B-6,包括5-磷酸吡哆醛和盐酸吡哆醇;肌醇;长春西汀;甘氨酸;烟酰胺;缬草根;卡瓦根(Kava kava);磷脂酰丝氨酸;假马齿苋(Bacopamonnieri);红景天(Rhodiola rosea);圣罗勒;南非醉茄;维生素C(缓冲的或其他任何形式);处于其任何形式的维生素B12,包括甲基钴胺素、氰钴胺素和羟钴胺素;处于其任何形式的胆碱,包括卵磷脂和胆碱柠檬酸盐;处于其任何形式的蛋氨酸,包括L-蛋氨酸;S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM-e);钙;处于其任何形式的维生素E,包括生育酚和生育三烯酚,如α-生育酚和γ-生育酚;处于其任何形式的叶酸盐,包括叶酸、亚叶酸、L-甲基叶酸盐和5-甲基四氢叶酸盐;锰;处于其任何形式的维生素B2,包括核黄素-5-磷酸盐;维生素A;处于其任何形式的硒,包括硒代蛋氨酸;处于其任何形式的锌,包括甘氨酸锌、吡啶甲酸锌和/或柠檬酸锌;处于其任何形式的类胡萝卜素,包括α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄质、玉米黄质、番茄红素和叶黄素;生物类黄酮和/或增加包括有槲皮素、橙皮甙、大蒜和碧萝芷(Pycnogenol)的生物类黄酮的任何成分;处于其任何形式的维生素D,包括维生素D3(这是一种维生素并作为一种激素);辅酶Q10;GABA、GABA激动剂(直接或间接)和/或与GABA受体(其中一些已包括在上述内容中)结合的成分;血清素、血清素受体激动剂(直接或间接)和/或与血清素受体(其中一些已包括在上述内容中)结合的成分;多巴胺、多巴胺激动剂(直接或间接)和/或与多巴胺受体(其中一些已包括在上述内容中)结合的成分。
参照图1,图3说明了上述的协同作用12、14、16、18和20以及实现协同作用的方式。如图3所示,可通过下列的任何一种成分降低对尼古丁的渴求或戒断症状12:封闭尼古丁受体位点的成分100、增加血清素水平或参与血清素作用的成分102或感知替代品104。如上所解释的,复合物10的第一组分30(图1)封闭图3中的尼古丁受体位点100,该第一组分是负二价硫32。增加血清素水平的成分102是诸如5-HTP的复合物10的第二组分40(图1),该第二组分是一种血清素前体。其他增加血清素水平或参与血清素作用的成分102包括延长5-HTP作用的镁;作用于与血清素发信号相连的受体上的肌醇;直接增加血清素水平的长春西汀以及增加血清素再摄取抑制剂的S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAMe)。作为感知替代品的成分104是维生素C。作为感知替代品,维生素C(特别是作为抗坏血酸)已被证实可通过减少对尼古丁的渴求或戒断症状而提高吸烟减少量。
而且如图3所示,通过利用增加GABA或参与GABA作用的成分110可降低紧张和焦虑14。具体地,GABA、GABA激动剂和增加GABA的其他成分通常有助于减少个体内的紧张和焦虑,并可与该复合物的第一、第二组分以及第三组分的其他成分协同使用,以帮助减轻在试图减少或停止吸烟的个体内的紧张和焦虑。例如,L-茶氨酸和N-乙酰半胱氨酸不直接增加GABA,而是作为抑制谷氨酸盐的GABA调节剂。因此,L-茶氨酸是谷氨酸盐拮抗剂,并且也可起到提高多巴胺水平并降低去甲肾上腺素水平(引起个体的紧张和焦虑减轻)的作用。另一个例子是,厚朴对GABA位点A起作用以减少焦虑,也对可减轻紧张和焦虑的腺苷位点A1起作用。其他(直接或间接的)GABA激动剂包括镁、维生素B6、肌醇、牛磺酸、褪黑激素(其增加GABA和牛磺酸)。α-硫辛酸增加PGC1-α,PGC1-α增加GABA。与GABA受体结合并直接增加GABA的成分包括甘氨酸、烟酰胺、缬草根、卡瓦根以及含有表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)的绿茶。
通过使用增加或参与血清素作用的成分112(图3)也可减轻紧张和焦虑14。增加血清素不仅降低了对尼古丁的渴求和戒断症状,而且也降低了紧张和焦虑。因此,如上所述,增加血清素水平的成分112是该复合物10的第二组分40(图1),该组分增加了诸如一种血清素前体5-HTP的血清素。其他增加血清素水平或参与血清素作用的成分112包括延长5-HTP作用的镁;作用于与血清素发信号相关受体的肌醇;直接增加血清素水平的长春西汀以及增加血清素再摄取抑制剂的S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAMe)。
另一种减轻紧张和焦虑14的方法是使用降低皮质醇的成分114(图3)。一种这样的成分是磷脂酰丝氨酸。适应原116帮助身体适应紧张、支持正常的功能并恢复平衡,并且因此起到减轻紧张和焦虑14的作用。这种适应原包括假马齿苋、红景天、圣罗勒和南非醉茄。
第一、第二和第三组分30、40、50的至少一种(或可能是第一、第二和第三组分30、40和50的某种组合)还表现为改变烟草烟雾(图1和3)的感知味道16。关于味道的特定作用可能因人而异,然而摄取第一、第二和第三组分30、40和50的某种组合的个体得到的观察结果是,增强了在舌头60上的区域70内的舌头60上侧64(图2)的某些味觉受体62,这些受体检测通常位于舌头60右和左侧80和82的酸味,从而使个体尝到烟草烟雾的味道“酸”。通过提高或降低不同味觉受体的敏感度,也可影响舌头60上的其他味觉受体(通常如图2的62所示)以及腭和/或咽的其他味觉受体(未显示)。这些其他的味觉受体可在检测舌头60的前部84(例如,舌尖)的甜味的区域72(部分地与酸味区域70重叠的区域)内、检测朝向舌头60的后部86的苦味的区域74内以及检测舌头60的边缘88周围的成味的区域76(明显地部分重叠其他各个区域70、72和74的区域)内。还已经观察到随第一、第二和/或第三组分30、40、50的继续摄取而增加的发酸效果,例如,使这些组分在个体的血流中累积。已摄取第一、第二和/或第三组分30、40、50的某种组合的其他个体在吸烟时已经注意到“不愉悦的苦味”(这可能也是由于检测酸味的味觉受体62增强的缘故)。再次,已观察到随第一和第二组分的继续同时摄取而增加的该作用。不考虑味道的具体描述,可将通过摄取第一、第二和/或第三组分或其某种组合而改变的烟草烟雾的味道可以一致地并且总体地描述为“不愉悦的”,这样由于烟雾的味道令人不快而阻止个体吸烟。通过个体的身体内的第一、第二和/或第三组分的某种组合的协同互作可实现出乎意料的作用,并且这种作用可随着这些组分的继续摄取而增强和/或加剧。
如图3所示,某些成分抑制食欲22或具有抗脂肪作用24,从而保持了试图减少或停止吸烟的个体的体重18(通过抑制体重增加,亦或引起体重减轻)。可通过调节血糖代谢120抑制食欲22,从而由于对诸如糖的某些碳水化合物的渴求降低而降低食欲22。α-硫辛酸是这样一种改善了血糖代谢120的成分,因为它通过对葡萄GLUT 4的刺激作用促进了葡萄糖的摄取,该GLUT 4是肌肉、心脏和脂肪细胞中的主要葡萄糖转运体。α-硫辛酸也是用于胰岛素、甲状腺剂、GABA和其他儿茶酚胺的正调节剂辅因子。铬,尤其是吡啶甲酸铬,通过提高葡萄糖耐量、与生物素协同作用以调节血糖代谢120,从而抑制食欲22。丁酸盐和匙羹藤(Gumar)还通过增加胰岛素敏感度调节血糖代谢120。
还可通过提高或参与血清素122的作用实现抑制食欲22,这已如上所述并且包括诸如5-HTP的复合物10的第二组分40(图1),该组分是血清素前体;延长5-HTP作用的镁;作用于与血清素发信号相关的受体的肌醇;直接增加血清素水平的长春西汀以及增加血清素再摄取抑制剂的S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAMe)。通过提高或参与多巴胺124的作用可进一步实现抑制食欲22。5-HTP不仅增加了血清素,而且还增加了多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素,所有这些均可降低对某些碳水化合物的渴求。通过将四氢生物蝶呤作为辅因子,可将酪氨酸及其衍生物在体内转化成儿茶酚胺神经递质(多巴胺,去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素)增加多巴胺,所有这些均降低了对某些碳水化合物的渴求。L-苯丙氨酸和/或DL-苯丙氨酸还增加了多巴胺以及去甲肾上腺素。由于精氨酸是多巴胺激动剂,它增加了多巴胺。具有表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)的绿茶增加了多巴胺,刺毛黧豆(攀缘植物种子)含有天然左旋多巴(L-多巴),它是多巴胺合成的中间体。匙羹藤(Gumar),如上所述调节血糖代谢,还通过降低味觉受体的敏感度而抑制食欲22,该味觉受体检测甜味126,这降低了对包括含有糖类的那些的甜食的欲望。如图2所示,至少一些甜味受体,位于舌头60的舌尖84处,如在72处指示的。
如图3所示,具有抗脂肪作用24的成分还允许试图减少或停止吸烟的个体通过增强身体代谢脂肪的能力128来保持体重18。这些成分128包括维生素B6、维生素B12、胆碱(包括卵磷脂和其他形式的胆碱)、肌醇、蛋氨酸和S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAMe)。蛋氨酸和SAMe各自被用于激活血清素和褪黑激素生成的蛋氨酸/甲基化周期内。
补充损耗身体物质20、修复损耗的身体物质20或改善身体物质20的功能的补充剂可包括营养物质26连同细胞成分(例如,酶和辅因子),这些营养物质连同细胞成分由于吸烟或暴露于环境烟草烟雾而从个体体内损耗,并且损耗和损坏,或损伤其功能28。从个体体内损耗的营养物质26包括(如上所述的任何形式)维生素B6、生物素、维生素B12、褪黑激素、多巴胺、血清素、胆碱、钙、维生素E、叶酸盐、镁、锰、维生素B2、维生素A、维生素C、硒、锌、类胡萝卜素、生物类黄酮类、维生素D、谷胱甘肽(可由N-乙酰半胱氨酸制成)和S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAMe)。损耗、损坏的细胞成分或其受损功能28包括可通过辅酶Q10和褪黑激素改善的血管内皮、可使用假马齿苋增加的过氧化氢酶、通过N-乙酰半胱氨酸增加的谷胱甘肽还原酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、对酶功能至关重要的巯基部分(moiety)、超氧化物歧化酶以及可通过丁酸盐增加的过氧化物酶体酶(烷基DHAP)。
胆碱,特别是卵磷脂,维护和重建了由于吸烟或暴露于二手烟草烟雾可损失或损坏的细胞膜。该成分通过增加细胞膜内的多不饱和脂肪起到这种作用,从而帮助恢复该细胞膜。辅酶Q10帮助修复和重建由于吸烟而损坏的血管内皮和其他细胞成分。褪黑激素减少了血管收缩和氧化应激,并且改善了血管内皮生理机能。
现在将列出上述各种成分的每日剂量的示例范围。这些范围并非旨在限制,并且这些成分中任何一种的每日剂量可取决于:吸烟者和接触环境烟雾那些人的烟草烟雾的暴露量,包括每日暴露量和总暴露量;体重;年龄;生化敏感度和独特性;身体状况;戒断症状的严重程度以及类似因素。因此,可改变该成分及其所给定的量以适应个体独特的生化多样性。每日剂量的示例范围如下,以上述所提到的任何形式:
1.25-900mg 5-HTP或其他由色氨酸衍生的氨基酸
2.25-750mg硫代丙三醇或其他负二价硫
3.25-1,600mg α-硫辛酸
4.10-1,600meg铬
5.10meg-10mg生物素
6.10-4,000mg酪氨酸
7.20-1,400mg四氢生物蝶呤(色氨酸和酪氨酸的辅因子)
8.10-4,000mg处于任何组合的L-苯丙氨酸和/或DL-苯丙氨酸
9.10-500mg匙羹藤(Gumar)
10.10-3,000mg精氨酸
11.10-300mg表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)的绿茶提取物
12.5-10,000mg丁酸盐
13.1-200mg刺毛黧豆(攀缘植物种子)
14.10-1,200mg镁
15.10-2,400mg N-乙酰半胱氨酸(它可制备谷胱甘肽)和/或25-3,000mg谷胱甘肽,处于任何组合
16.25-800mg L-茶氨酸
17.10-750mg厚朴
18.10-1,000mg牛磺酸
19.0.1-10mg褪黑激素
20.10-300mg维生素B-6
21.10-10,000mg肌醇
22.1-30mg长春西汀
23.10-4,000mg甘氨酸
24.10-1,000mg烟酰胺
25.10-450mg缬草根
26.10-600mg卡瓦根
27.10-500mg磷脂酰丝氨酸
28.10-400mg假马齿苋
29.10-600mg红景天
30.10-1,800mg圣罗勒
31.10-2,000mg南非醉茄
32.10-10,000mg维生素C
33.10-10,000meg维生素B-12
34.10-9,000mg胆碱
35.10-2,000mg蛋氨酸
36.10-1,600mg S-腺苷甲硫氨酸
37.1-2,000mg钙
38.10-400IU维生素E
39.25-5,000meg叶酸盐
40.1-11mg锰
41.10-250mg维生素B2
42.10-25,000IU维生素A
43.25-800meg硒
44.10-120mg锌
45.25-1,200mg辅酶Q10
46.下列任何形式的类胡萝卜素:10-25,000IU
α-胡萝卜素或β-胡萝卜素、1-2mg β-隐黄质、1-20mg玉米黄质、1-8mg番茄红素或1-40mg叶黄素
47.生物类黄酮和/或任何增加生物类黄酮的成分,包括10-750mg槲皮素、10-1,000mg橙皮素,10-900mg大蒜和10-360mg碧萝芷
48.100-10,000IU维生素D
49.10-18,000mg GABA
该复合物10可通过药丸、胶囊、明胶、粉末或液体的形式在饭前或饭后两小时每天两次口服,从而使其最大限度地被身体吸收。其他给药的替代方法可以是静脉内给药,通过栓剂、经皮贴剂、膏状物、凝胶、软膏、口香糖、糖锭、以及类似物。递送该复合物10的方法可使用改性纤维素粘合剂类;羟丙基甲基纤维素;脂质体类;片剂粘合剂类、薄膜包衣类或作为基质在缓释片剂配制品中使用的羟丙甲纤维素材料类;纳米技术递送系统类;水状胶体类;以及类似物。对于其中产品味道是很重要的递送方法,可使用糖或者诸如三氯蔗糖、甜叶菊、龙舌兰花蜜、木糖醇等的低血糖指数的糖使该复合物10变甜。
图4图解说明了补充身体物质、修复身体物质或改善损耗或损坏的身体物质的功能或其受损功能的方法130,其中吸烟或暴露于环境烟草烟雾直接导致了这些身体物质被损耗、损坏或其功能受损。该方法130包括步骤132:给予一种补充剂134,该补充剂包括身体物质的一种组合,其中吸烟或暴露于环境烟草烟雾直接导致了在个体内这些身体物质被损耗、损坏或其功能受损。该补充剂134包括一种或多种维生素类、矿物类、酶类、氨基酸类、辅因子类、前体类、神经递质和细胞成分类。该补充剂134补充、修复或改善个体内由于吸烟或暴露于环境烟草烟雾直接导致的损耗、损坏或其功能受损的多种身体物质的功能。如上面参照图3所述,该补充剂134可包括个体内所损耗的营养物质26以及细胞成分,例如,由于吸烟或暴露于环境烟草烟雾所损耗或损坏的酶和辅因子28(图3)。个体内所损耗的营养物质26(图3)包括(处于其上述任何形式)维生素B6、生物素、维生素B12、褪黑激素、泛酸、多巴胺、血清素、胆碱(她维护、重建并有助于恢复细胞膜,如上所述的)、钙、维生素E、叶酸盐、镁、锰、维生素B2、维生素A、维生素C、硒、锌、类胡萝卜素、生物类黄酮类、维生素D和谷胱甘肽(可由N-乙酰半胱氨酸制成)。损耗、损坏或功能受损的细胞成分28包括可使用辅酶Q10和褪黑激素改善的血管内皮、可以通过假马齿苋补充的过氧化氢酶、可以通过N-乙酰半胱氨酸补充的谷胱甘肽还原酶、对酶功能至关重要的巯基部分、超氧化物歧化酶以及可使用丁酸盐补充的过氧化物酶体酶(烷基DHAP)。
图5图解说明了一种协助试图减少或停止吸烟的个体的方法,包括步骤142:给予一种复合物144,该复合物可协同降低对尼古丁的渴求或戒断症状、减轻紧张和焦虑、改变烟草烟雾的感知味道并协助保持体重的。该复合物144包括一种第一组分30(图1),该第一组分包括至少一种封闭个体内尼古丁受体位点的成分。这种第一组分30可如上相对于图1所述。该复合物144还包括一种第二组分40(图1),该第二组分包括至少一种增加个体内血清素水平的成分。这种第二组分40可如上相对于图1所述。该复合物144还包括一种第三组分50(图1),该第三组分包括至少一种身体物质,该身体物质具有上面所描述的补充个体内损耗的至少一种身体物质、修复个体内损坏的至少一种身体物质或改善至少一种身体物质的受损功能的至少一种作用,其中吸烟直接导致了这些身体物质被损耗、损坏或其功能受损。
鉴于上面的描述是为了例证和说明而提出的,其并非旨在是详尽的或将构思限制于所披露的确切形式。在阅读本披露内容后,其他各种实施方案和修改对于本领域的技术人员是清楚的,并且应理解为所附权利要求书旨在涵盖除被现有技术限定在范围内的其他这类实施方案和变体。
Claims (21)
1.一种用于试图减少或停止吸烟的个体的复合物,包括:
一种第一组分,包括至少一种封闭个体内尼古丁受体位点以协助降低由于该个体减少或停止吸烟导致的对尼古丁的渴求或戒断症状的作用的成分;
一种第二组分,包括至少一种增加个体内血清素水平以便与第一组分协同作用从而有助于减少由于该个体减少或停止吸烟导致的对尼古丁的渴求或戒断症状的作用,并还能协助保持体重以及减轻增加的紧张和焦虑的成分;
一种第三组分,包括至少一种成分,该成分与该第一组分和该第二组分协同作用从而有助于减少由于该个体减少或停止吸烟而导致的对尼古丁的渴求或戒断症状、保持体重以及减轻增加的紧张和焦虑的至少一种作用;
其中该第三组分包括一种补充剂,该补充剂包括至少一种身体物质,该物质具有补充该个体内损耗的一种身体物质、修复该个体内损坏的一种身体物质以及改善该个体内一种身体物质的受损功能的至少一种作用,其中吸烟直接导致了这些身体物质被损耗、损坏或其功能受损;并且
其中该第一组分、该第二组分和该第三组分的至少一种或其某种组合具有改变该个体所感知的烟草烟雾的味道的作用。
2.如权利要求1所述的复合物,其中:
该第一组分包括选自下组的负二价硫,该组由以下各项组成:过硫氢化物类、烷基硫醚类、胶体硫、有机硫代化合物类、硫代乙二醇类以及药学上可接受的硫代乙二醇盐类;
该第二组分包括由色氨酸衍生的氨基酸类,这些色氨酸选自由5-羟基色氨酸和色氨酸衍生物或血清素受体激动剂组成的组;并且
该第三组分包括身体物质的一种组合,该组合具有有助于降低对尼古丁的渴求或戒断症状、保持体重、减少增加的紧张和焦虑以及改变该个体感知的烟草烟雾的味道的每一种作用。
3.如权利要求1所述的复合物,其中:
该减少对尼古丁的渴求或戒断症状的作用通过该第一组分、该第二组分和作为感知替代品的该第三组分的一种成分实现;
该减少紧张和焦虑的作用通过该第二组分和至少一种该第三组分的成分实现,该第三组分完成了增加GABA、提高或参与血清素作用、减少皮质醇以及作为适应原中的至少一种;
该保持体重的作用通过该第二组分以及该第三组分的至少一种抑制食欲的成分和该第三组分的至少一种具有增强该个体代谢脂肪能力的抗脂肪作用的成分实现,其中抑制食欲通过该第三组分的至少一种成分实现,该成分进行了调节血糖代谢、提高或参与血清素作用、提高或参与多巴胺作用以及减少检测甜味的味觉受体的敏感度的至少一种;
该补充身体物质的作用包括补充至少一种由于该个体吸烟直接导致的损耗的营养物质或细胞成分;
该修复身体物质的作用包括修复至少一种由于该个体吸烟直接导致损坏的细胞成分;并且
该改善身体物质功能的作用包括改善由于该个体吸烟直接导致的至少一种身体物质的受损功能。
4.如权利要求2所述的复合物,其中,该第三组分包括:
至少一种选自第一组的成分,该第一组有助于降低对尼古丁的渴求或戒断症状的作用,该第一组由镁、肌醇、长春西汀、S-腺苷甲硫氨酸和维生素C组成;
至少一种选自第二组的成分,该第二组有助于保持体重的作用,该第二组由镁、肌醇、长春西汀、S-腺苷甲硫氨酸、以四氢生物蝶呤作为辅因子的酪氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸、DL-苯丙氨酸、精氨酸、具有表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯的绿茶、刺毛黧豆、匙羹藤、维生素B6、维生素B12、胆碱、蛋氨酸和S-腺苷甲硫氨酸组成;以及
至少一种选自第三组的成分,该第三组有助于减少紧张和焦虑的作用,该第二组由GABA、L-茶氨酸、N-乙酰半胱氨酸、厚朴、镁、维生素B6、肌醇、牛磺酸、褪黑激素、α-硫辛酸、甘氨酸、烟酰胺、缬草根、卡瓦根、具有表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯的绿茶、长春西汀、S-腺苷甲硫氨酸、磷脂酰丝氨酸、假马齿苋、红景天、圣罗勒和南非醉茄组成。
5.如权利要求4所述的复合物,其中,第三组分还包括至少一种选自第四组的成分,该第四组补充损耗的身体物质、修复损坏的身体物质或改善身体物质的功能,该第四组由维生素B6、生物素、维生素B12、褪黑激素、多巴胺、血清素、胆碱、钙、维生素E、叶酸盐、镁、锰、维生素B2、维生素A、维生素C、硒、锌、类胡萝卜素、生物类黄酮、维生素D、谷胱甘肽、S-腺苷甲硫氨酸、辅酶Q10、假马齿苋、N-乙酰半胱氨酸、巯基部分、超氧化物歧化酶和丁酸盐组成。
6.如权利要求1所述的复合物,其中,该复合物以药丸、胶囊、明胶、粉末或液体的形式口服,或静脉内给药,通过栓剂、经皮贴剂、膏状物、凝胶、软膏、口香糖或糖锭给药。
7.如权利要求6所述的复合物,其中该复合物可使用改性纤维素粘合剂类、羟丙基甲基纤维素、脂质体类、片剂粘合剂的羟丙甲纤维素材料类、薄膜包衣的羟丙甲纤维素材料类、缓释片剂配制品中用作基质的羟丙甲纤维素材料类、纳米技术递送系统类或水状胶体给药类。
8.如权利要求1所述的复合物,其中,该复合物包括一种选自下组的甜味剂,该组由以下各项组成:糖或包括三氯蔗糖、甜叶菊、龙舌兰花蜜和木糖醇的低血糖指数糖。
9.一种用于试图减少或停止吸烟、或暴露于环境烟草烟雾的个体的复合物,包括:
一种补充剂,包括由于吸烟或暴露于环境烟草烟雾直接导致损耗、损坏或其功能受损的身体物质的一种组合,该组合包括一种或多种维生素、矿物类、酶类、氨基酸类、辅因子类、前体类、神经递质类和细胞成分类;
其中该补充剂补充、修复或改善了由于吸烟或暴露于环境烟草烟雾直接导致的该个体内多种损耗、损坏或其功能受损的身体物质的功能。
10.如权利要求9所述的复合物,其中,该补充剂包括选自下组的一种组合,该组由维生素B6、生物素、维生素B12、褪黑激素、多巴胺、血清素、胆碱、钙、维生素E、叶酸盐、镁、锰、维生素B2、维生素A、维生素C、硒、锌、类胡萝卜素、生物类黄酮、维生素D、谷胱甘肽、S-腺苷甲硫氨酸、辅酶Q10、假马齿苋、N-乙酰半胱氨酸、巯基部分、超氧化物歧化酶和丁酸盐组成。
11.如权利要求9所述的复合物,其中,该复合物可采用药丸、胶囊、明胶、粉末或液体的形式口服,或通过静脉内给药,通过栓剂、经皮贴剂、膏状物、凝胶、软膏、口香糖或糖锭给药。
12.如权利要求9所述的复合物,其中,该复合物可利用改性纤维素粘合剂类、羟丙基甲基纤维素、脂质体类、片剂粘合剂的羟丙甲纤维素材料类、薄膜包衣的羟丙甲纤维素材料类、缓释片剂配制品中用作基质的羟丙甲纤维素材料类、纳米技术递送系统类或水状胶体类给药。
13.一种用于补充身体物质、修复身体物质或改善其功能受损的身体物质的功能的方法,其中吸烟或暴露于环境烟草烟雾直接导致了在个体内这些身体物质被损耗、损坏或其功能受损,该方法包括:
给予一种补充剂,该补充剂包括由于吸烟或暴露于环境烟草烟雾直接导致损耗、损害或其功能受损的身体物质的一个组合;
其中该补充剂包括一种或多种维生素、矿物类、酶类、氨基酸类、辅因子类、前体类、神经递质类和细胞成分类;并且
其中,该补充剂补充至少一种损耗的身体物质、修复至少一种损坏的身体物质或改善该至少一种身体物质的受损的功能,其中吸烟或暴露于环境烟草烟雾直接导致了在个体内这些身体物质被损耗、损坏或其功能受损。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中,该补充剂选自下组,该组由维生素B6、生物素、维生素B12、褪黑激素、多巴胺、血清素、胆碱、钙、维生素E、叶酸盐、镁、锰、维生素B2、维生素A、维生素C、硒、锌、类胡萝卜素、生物类黄酮、维生素D、谷胱甘肽、S-腺苷甲硫氨酸、辅酶Q10、假马齿苋、N-乙酰半胱氨酸、巯基部分、超氧化物歧化酶和丁酸盐组成。
15.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中,该补充剂可采用药丸、胶囊、明胶、粉末或液体的形式口服,或通过静脉内给药,通过栓剂、经皮贴剂、膏状物、凝胶、软膏、口香糖或糖锭给药。
16.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中,该补充剂可利用改性纤维素粘合剂类、羟丙基甲基纤维素、脂质体类、片剂粘合剂的羟丙甲纤维素材料类、薄膜包衣的羟丙甲纤维素材料类、缓释片剂配制品中用作基质的羟丙甲纤维素材料类、纳米技术递送系统类或水状胶体类给药。
17.一种用于协助一个试图减少或停止吸烟的个体的方法,包括:
给予一种复合物,该复合物可协同降低对尼古丁的渴求或戒断症状、减少紧张和焦虑、改变烟草烟雾被感知的味道,并协助保持体重,该复合物包括:
一种第一组分,包括至少一种封闭该个体内尼古丁受体位点的成分;
一种第二组分,包括至少一种增加该个体内血清素水平的成分;以及
一种第三组分,包括一种补充剂,该补充剂包括至少一种身体物质,该物质具有补充该个体内损耗的至少一种身体物质,修复该个体内损坏的至少一种身体物质以及改善该个体内至少一种身体物质的受损功能的至少一种作用,其中吸烟直接导致了这些身体物质被损耗、损坏或其功能受损。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其中:
该复合物的第一组分包括选自下组的负二价硫,该组由以下各项组成:过硫氢化物类、烷基硫醚类、胶体硫、有机硫代化合物类、硫代乙二醇类、以及药学上可接受的硫代乙二醇盐;
该复合物的第二组分包括色氨酸衍生的氨基酸,该色氨酸选自由5-羟色氨酸和色氨酸衍生物类或血清素受体激动剂组成的组;并且
该复合物的第三组分包括一种身体物质的组合,该组合有助于减少对尼古丁的渴求或戒断症状、保持体重、减少增加的紧张和焦虑以及改变该个体对烟草烟雾感知的味道的每一种作用。
19.如权利要求17所述的方法,其中:
协同减少对尼古丁的渴求或戒断症状是通过该第一组分、该第二组分和作为感知替代品的一种第三组分实现的;
协同减少紧张和焦虑是通过该第二组分和至少一种第三组分实现的,该至少一种第三组分进行了增加GABA、提高或参与血清素作用、降低皮质醇以及作为适应原的至少一种;
协同影响烟草烟雾味道是通过该第一组分、该第二组分和该第三组分的至少一种或其某种组合实现的;
协同保持体重是通过该第二组分以及至少一种抑制食欲的第三组分和至少一种具有增强该个体代谢脂肪能力的抗脂肪作用的第三组分实现的,其中通过该至少一种第三组分抑制食欲,该第三组分进行了调节血糖代谢、提高或参与血清素作用、提高或参与多巴胺作用以及减少检测甜味的味觉受体的敏感度的至少一种;
该补充个体内损耗的至少一种身体物质的作用包括补充由于该个体吸烟直接导致的损耗的营养物质或细胞成分;
该修复个体内损坏的至少一种身体物质的作用包括修复由于该个体吸烟直接导致损坏的细胞成分;并且
该改善个体内至少一种功能受损的身体物质的功能的作用包括改善由于该个体吸烟直接导致的、具有受损功能的细胞成分的功能。
20.如权利要求18所述的方法,其中,该第三组分包括:
至少一种选自第一组的成分,该第一组有助于降低对尼古丁的渴求或戒断症状的作用,该第一组由镁、肌醇、长春西汀、S-腺苷甲硫氨酸和维生素C组成;
至少一种选自第二组的成分,该第二组有助于实现保持体重的作用,该第二组由镁、肌醇、长春西汀、S-腺苷甲硫氨酸、以四氢生物蝶呤作为辅因子的酪氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸、DL-苯丙氨酸、精氨酸、含有表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯的绿茶、刺毛黧豆、匙羹藤、维生素B6、维生素B12、胆碱、蛋氨酸和S-腺苷甲硫氨酸组成;
至少一种选自第三组的成分,该第三组有助于减轻紧张和焦虑的作用,该第三组由GABA、L-茶氨酸、N-乙酰半胱氨酸、厚朴、镁、维生素B6、肌醇、牛磺酸、褪黑激素、α-硫辛酸、甘氨酸、烟酰胺、缬草根、卡瓦根、含有表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯的绿茶、长春西汀、S-腺苷甲硫氨酸、磷脂酰丝氨酸、假马齿苋、红景天、圣罗勒和南非醉茄组成。
21.如权利要求20所述的方法,其中,该第三组分还包括至少一种选自第四组的成分,该第四组补充损耗的身体物质、修复损坏的身体物质或改善身体物质的功能,该第四组由维生素B6、生物素、维生素B12、褪黑激素、多巴胺、血清素、胆碱、钙、维生素E、叶酸盐、镁、锰、维生素B2、维生素A、维生素C、硒、锌、类胡萝卜素、生物类黄酮、维生素D、谷胱甘肽、S-腺苷甲硫氨酸、辅酶Q10、假马齿苋、N-乙酰半胱氨酸、巯基部分、超氧化物歧化酶和丁酸盐组成。
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US12/571,391 US20100021570A1 (en) | 2006-06-21 | 2009-09-30 | Smoking Cessation Treatment By Reducing Nicotine Cravings, Apetite Suppression, And Altering The Perceived Taste Of Tobacco Smoke |
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US12/893,910 US8889194B2 (en) | 2006-06-21 | 2010-09-29 | Smoking cessation with body weight maintenance and nutritional supplement |
PCT/US2010/050774 WO2011041451A2 (en) | 2009-09-30 | 2010-09-29 | Smoking cessation with body weight maintenance and nutritional supplement |
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CA2776160A1 (en) | 2011-04-07 |
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JP2013506678A (ja) | 2013-02-28 |
US20110014277A1 (en) | 2011-01-20 |
WO2011041451A3 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
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