CN102565850A - Wireless telemetry seismic signal acquisition system - Google Patents
Wireless telemetry seismic signal acquisition system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a wireless telemetry seismic signal acquisition system, which solves the problems that the existing system is large in volume, high in power consumption, poor in anti-interference capability and small in data transmitting amount. The wireless telemetry seismic signal acquisition system comprises a control main machine, a synchronizer and a plurality of distributed branch acquisition stations, wherein the control main machine receives synchronous enabled instructions from the synchronizer, circularly sends configuration instructions and configuration parameters to each of the branch acquisition stations after receiving the enabled instructions, and receives and processes seismic data from the synchronizer; the synchronizer sends synchronous enabled instructions to the control main machine and the branch acquisition stations; the branch acquisition stations start after receiving the synchronous enabled instructions to receive a data fetching instruction from the control main machine, and then send acquired seismic data to the control main machine; and an integrated power supply is arranged in each of the branch acquisition stations, the synchronizer and the control main machine.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the engineering seismology data collecting field, particularly a kind of wireless telemetering formula, portable low-power consumption, high performance system for acquiring seismic data.
Background technology:
As the major equipment of seismic prospecting, can seismic signal acquiring system be that engineering seismograph is the core of seismic data field acquisition, be the key that obtain high s/n ratio, high resolving power, Hi-Fi original seismic data.Since half a century; Develop rapidly along with electronic technology, computer technology, mechanics of communication and seismic exploration technique; Seismic prospecting instrument is also in constantly development and perfect; Especially in order to adapt to the seismographic needs of sequence that new method such as 3-d seismic exploration, high-resolution seismic survey, multi-wave seismic exploration, time covering of ultra multiple tracks superelevation and new development are got up, developed with digital communication, remote-control romote-sensing, computer control being treated to basic New-generation distributed remote measurement engineering seismograph.Because it does not have the big line cable between data acquisition circuit and the detector circuit; And the branch's acquisition station that is to use geophone station becomes to be resent to after the digital signal central controlling recording system with the analog signal conversion of wave detector output; And the antijamming capability of digital data transmission is strong;, when having avoided transmission of analogue signal big line cross-talk, day electrical interference, power frequency interference etc. between intrinsic road; The engineering seismograph of remote measurement simultaneously has more the operating efficiency height, sampling rate is high, convenience increases systemic-function, data are carried out pre-service has compressed data volume, automaticity advantages of higher; The lifting, recording capacity that adds the antialiasing performance that New-generation distributed remote measurement engineering seismograph is had is big, the software processes ability is more and more stronger, processing capability in real time is strong, the improvement of noise editor and superposition algorithm, makes the remote measurement engineering seismograph become the main flow equipment that is able to large-scale application in current field of seismic exploration.
The remote measurement engineering seismograph is divided into wired and wireless again according to actual conditions; Present wired remote measurement engineering seismograph has become main flow equipment and has been widely used; And obtained extraordinary effect in various Exploration Domain and Engineering Geology Evaluation field; Yet along with improving constantly of seismic exploration technique level; Seismic prospecting environment more and more abominable; Integrated engineering amount and the application of exploration also constantly enlarges, and makes the wire-link telemetry engineering seismograph of present main flow can't satisfy the exploration demand under some occasion: (1), because wired remote measurement engineering seismograph still adopts digital signal after the cable transmission conversion to main control system makes its single survey area area be restricted.(2), the remote measurement engineering seismograph main control system of main flow is still that the more traditional industrial computer of employing designs or special-purpose collection car, its power consumption and volume have all reduced the efficient of seismic prospecting largely.(3), the synchronous error of each branch's acquisition station is bigger, the accurate location that can not realize branch's acquisition station simultaneously is for the later stage seismic data interpretation brings inconvenience.(4), since branch's acquisition station through and main control system between corresponding interface accomplish signals collecting, and the interface of main control system itself is limited, so has also limited the expansion of earthquake-capturing road number.(5), in many mountain region and the hilly country bigger like topographic relief, the mode of wire transmission is from limiting the feasibility of sympathetic earthquakes exploration scheme in essence, and reduced work efficiency to a great extent.
The wireless telemetering engineering seismograph its have that high efficiency, data transmission credibility are high, the logical renewal ability is strong, the data quality control ability is high, degree advantages of higher automatically, be the development trend of following remote measurement engineering seismograph.The data volume of wireless network transmissions and antijamming capability are two key factors of restriction wireless telemetering engineering seismograph development always, add the restriction of top set's acquisition station and main control system volume and weight, have brought inconvenience for open-air data collection task.The comprehensive present Research of wireless telemetering engineering seismograph both at home and abroad mainly is to increase a twoway radio at main control system and open-air branch acquisition station, and other parts then are as good as with wired system.At present the product of comparative maturity is the Eagle-99 of French Sercel company and the BOX of U.S. Fair-fielid company; Domestic also do not have a Related product; Research to wireless network transmissions simultaneously mainly concentrates on the radio-frequency carrier aspect; Mostly adopting independently to the transmitter and receiver part, the unit carries out composite design; Its design focal point also concentrates on the modulating and demodulating signal and coding of radio frequency unit itself, thereby has reduced the reliability and the data amount transmitted of wireless network to a great extent, also makes wireless transmission channel select to have significant limitation; The main control system of such engineering seismograph is still and adopts traditional industrial computer both at home and abroad simultaneously, and this has also further highlighted it and has carried inconvenience and the bigger inferior position of power consumption.And the big open-air branch acquisition station apart from establishment wireless-transmission network in wireless network radio station far away of the data amount transmitted that adopts current comparative maturity is still blank at home and abroad; The same main control system design that is directed against the ARM framework that present arithmetic capability is strong, the volume power consumption is all less at home and abroad also occurs; And reliability, data amount transmitted, portable, gather aspects such as road restriction, compatible multiclass wave detector and be still waiting to improve and breakthrough; The main product that the domestic seismic prospecting instrument of what is more important producer produces at present is still comparatively tradition and the technical centralized configuration engineering seismograph that comparatively falls behind; Do not research and develop the more distant reading type engineering seismograph of high-performance and practicality, the blank out especially of wireless telemetering formula engineering seismograph.
Summary of the invention:
It is little to the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of volume and weight, low in energy consumption, and collection and data amount transmitted are big, and antijamming capability is strong, and reliability is high, is convenient to the wireless telemetering formula seismic signal acquiring system of constructing and connecting up.
Of the present invention being achieved in that
Wireless telemetering formula seismic signal acquiring system of the present invention comprises a main control system, branch's acquisition station of a synchronous device and a plurality of distributed settings,
Main control system has arm processor to be connected with storer, display, keyboard and wireless network radio station; Accept the synchronous enabled instruction of synchronous device; Circulation is sent configuration-direct and configuration parameter to each branch's acquisition station after receiving enabled instruction, receives and handle the geological data that branch's acquisition station is sent;
Synchronous device is connected with wireless network radio interface chip through the Ethernet chip for driving by first microcontroller; First microcontroller is connected with the shaping pulse chip; The shaping pulse chip is connected with the external trigger sensor; The external trigger sensor sensing sends a high frequency spike pulse to trigger first microcontroller behind signal, first microcontroller sends synchronous enabled instruction through the wireless network radio station to main control system and branch's acquisition station;
Each branch's acquisition station has a plurality of wave detectors; Programmable gain amplifier, frequency overlapped-resistable filter, single-ended transfer difference chip, the A/D converter of each detector via series connection are connected with second microcontroller; Second microcontroller respectively with programmable gain amplifier; External memory storage, network interface card driver connect, and the network interface card driver is connected with wireless network radio interface chip, and branch's acquisition station starts after receiving synchronous enabled instruction; Receive main control system data sent reading command, send the geological data of gathering to main control system.
Programmable gain amplifier is made up of two-stage amplifier PGA205 cascade; Four control end-apparatus of amplifier link to each other with the second microcontroller EP2C8Q208I8N respectively; Frequency overlapped-resistable filter is the active Butterworth LPF of quadravalence that integrated package LM4562 and electric capacity, resistance are formed, and the single-ended transfer difference chip is AD8138, and A/D converter is ADS1252; ± 5V power supply is connected with PGA205, LM4562; + 5V power supply converts 2.048V into through chip REF191 and is connected with AD8138, converts 4.096V series connection OPA350 into through REF198 and be connected with ADS1252, and reservoir is H57V2562GTR-60C, and wireless network radio interface chip is DM9000AE.
Second microcontroller is connected with chip EP2C8Q208I8N with chip EPCS16SI8N, AS pattern interface chip; The second microcontroller inside is embedded with the IP kernel; The IP kernel comprises CPU nuclear and internal RAM, extends out Flash, extends out the SDRAM driver, the A/D converter driver.
Said external trigger sensor is a high frequency hammering electronic switch; The non-middle fracture that inserts the first microcontroller STM32F103ZET6 behind the door again of two-stage of controller 74HC04 is sent out in the output contact of high frequency hammering electronic switch; The Flash of the built-in 512K of first microcontroller and the SRAM of 64K; The Ethernet chip for driving is ENC28J60, and the wireless network radio interface is HR911105R145.
The arm processor of main control system is S3C6410; The arm processor of the RAM of its general Peripheral Interface and touch display screen, 256M, the Flash of 512M, USB_HUB, SD card, timing controlled main frame is S3C6410, and its general Peripheral Interface is connected with RAM, the Flash of 512M, USB_HUB, SD card, the timer clock unit of touch-screen, 256M.
Branch's acquisition station; There is integrated power supply synchronous device and main control system inside, and have expanded the external power source interface, and integrated power supply is a chargeable lithium cell; Integrated power supply or external power source are connected with the power supply voltage divider with DC-DC switch power module; DC-DC switch power module WRD12DO5-10W is converted to ± 5V by 9 ~ 18V input, and WRD12S12-10W is converted to+12V by 9 ~ 18V input, and WRD12S05-10W is converted to+5V by 9 ~ 18V input; Pi type filter is all passed through in the output of Switching Power Supply; WRD12DO5-10W output+5V gives the power supply of second microcontroller through voltage stabilizing chip LM1085-3.3V, gives the power supply of the second microcontroller ID kernel with 3.3V voltage through linear voltage stabilizing chip LT1117-1.2V again, and WRD12S05-10W output is given the power supply of second microcontroller through voltage stabilizing chip LM1085-3.3V in that synchronous device is inner; Working power in main control system inside as arm processor chip S3C6410, WRD12S12-10W exports as the radio station working power.
Wave detector is simple component moving-coil type seismic sensor or simple component MEMS acceleration transducer.
Each branch's acquisition station of system connects 12 wave detectors.
System is made up of seismoreceiver, branch's acquisition station, main control system, wireless network and synchronous device.The special character of total system is to need not to adopt cable to interconnect between branch's acquisition station, main control system, the synchronous device; But realize the intercommunication mutually between three parts through wireless network, it is inner that the power supply of each several part all is integrated in each unit simultaneously.
Single branch acquisition station connects 12 road earthquake wave detectors, is used to respond to the artificial seismic signal that produces.
Branch acquisition station inside mainly comprises multichannel programmable amplifying circuit, anti-aliasing filter circuit, single-ended differential conversion circuit, A/D change-over circuit, memory circuit, Ethernet driving circuit, FPGA control circuit, integrated power supply management circuit.Wherein pga circuit adopts extremely low input biased amplifier that original seismic signal is amplified, and can adjust its enlargement factor according to actual conditions; The anti-aliasing filter circuit adopts the design of Active Filters method mainly to realize the LPF to signal; Single-ended differential conversion circuit is responsible for the single-ended signal that seismic signal is handled by prime is converted into the differential signal of late-class circuit demand; It is digital signal with the earthquake simulation conversion of signals that the A/D change-over circuit adopts 24 high resolution A/D converters; The geological data that memory circuit partly adopts jumbo SDRAM quick storage to gather; The Ethernet driving circuit then adopts hundred Broadcom chips to realize, and the RJ45 interface is provided so that be connected with the external wireless network radio station; The FPGA control circuit is responsible for drive controlling programmable amplifier, A/D change-over circuit, memory circuit, network interface; It realizes multi-channel a/d converter parallel acquisition function; And adopt the storage mode of two buffer memory project organizations to each road acquisition channel; Among in time that each road earthquake data storage is the extremely outside SDRAM; Simultaneously FPGA need embed corresponding soft nuclear so that the inner integrated ICP/IP protocol of branch's acquisition station, and combines this agreement to realize the Data Transmission Controlling agreement between branch's acquisition station and main control system, the synchronous device; Electric power management circuit adopt inner integrated lithium battery through the DC-DC Switching Power Supply convert that system needs to ± 12V power supply that 5V and wireless network radio station need, utilize comparer dividing potential drop and corresponding status indicator lamp to monitor the lithium battery electric weight in real time simultaneously.
Main control system partly adopts the higher and arm processor integrated multiple general-purpose system peripheral hardware of present dominant frequency to build; Mainly be multiple peripheral hardwares such as the touch-screen that combines the Peripheral Interface expanding system demand of arm processor, USB interface, SD card, network; The high capacity SRAM and the Flash storer that need expansion control host hardware platform needs simultaneously; So that the geological data that quick storage receives; The main control system part is same to adopt inner integrated chargeable lithium cell to supply power; Its supply voltage monitor portion then is to have utilized the inner integrated A/D converter timing acquiring supply voltage of S3C6410, and is converted into information about power graphically to be shown in the main interface of system software; For satisfying the intellectualized operation demand of main control system; Main control system has partly loaded Windows CE operating system; And under this operating system, write corresponding host computer application software; Software section is integrated utilize that ICP/IP protocol is realized, with the transmission control protocol of branch's acquisition station and the mutual agreement of synchronous device; The main function of software is to convert the geological data that is read by wireless network into general SEG-2 and SEG-Y standard earthquake data layout carries out file storage; And, wherein also comprised the wave detector test function of the wave detector connection status of laying in network test function and the inspection survey line of the connection status that detects network and communications status dynamically according to the data presentation seismic waveshape that receives.
Synchronous device partly adopts high performance STM32F103ZET single-chip microcomputer to cooperate network card chip and wireless network radio station to realize; It mainly receives in outside hammering switch or the distant quick-fried device triggering and has no progeny; Send a synchronic command to main control system and branch's acquisition station immediately, so that start the data acquisition function of each branch's acquisition station and the function that the start-up control main frame begins to receive geological data synchronously.
Wireless network adopts supports the wireless network radio station of Ethernet interface to realize; And set up the Star Network of one-to-many according to the quantity demand of branch's acquisition station; Each access point distributes different IP addresses in the network, and the transmission of instructing between the total system and the exchange of data are accomplished by the wireless network of setting up.The antenna of compatible low gain and high-gain is adopted in the wireless network radio station, the obstacle thing ability when constructing down to satisfy portable demand of system and complex environment.
Wherein, said acquisition system adopts distributed project organization, and the cordless communication network that the main control system utilization is set up is controlled each branch's acquisition station, realizes the data acquisition function of distant reading type with this; 12 tunnel treatment channel of separate and executed in parallel that the inner signal processing module of said branch acquisition station is integrated; And pga circuit, anti-aliasing filter circuit, single-ended differential conversion circuit all adopt the chip of full simulation, guarantee the integrality of seismic signal to the full extent; Described FPGA parallel processing part is controlled 12 road A/D converters simultaneously, and is that each road acquisition channel distributes two buffer memorys, realizes the strict parallel acquisition to 12 road signals with " ping-pong mechanism "; Molecule acquisition station quantity in the said acquisition system can dynamic expansion; Described main control system master chip also can adopt the processor of other low-power consumption high primary frequencies except that the ARM structure to realize, also can load the embedded real time operating system that other support the graphic interface operation; The inner main control chip of described molecule acquisition station also can adopt the controller of other support parallel processings except that FPGA, also can distribute a small-sized single-chip microcomputer control each road acquisition channel.
Principle of work of the present invention is: at first dispose main control system; After accomplishing, the main control system configuration gets into the state of waiting for synchronic command; And pass through the wireless data sending SCN Space Cable Network and send configuration-direct and configuration parameter to each branch's acquisition station; Branch's acquisition station is configured inner each module according to configuration parameter after receiving configuration-direct; Branch's acquisition station switched the synchronic command state of waiting for that gets into equally after configuration was accomplished, and synchronous device sends synchronic command according to the triggering of external condition to main control system and branch's acquisition station, and main control system circulates after receiving synchronic command and sends the data read instruction fetch to each branch's acquisition station; Branch's acquisition station starts inner acquisition function after receiving synchronic command immediately, sends corresponding transmission data response to main control system after collection is accomplished and instructs.The whole gatherer process of branch's acquisition station is following: seismoreceiver is converted into electric signal after sensing the artificial seismic signal that produces, and this original earthquake electric signal at first carries out undistorted amplification through the amplifier of specifying yield value; And then high frequency noise through comprising in the anti-aliasing filter filtered signal; Utilize the single-ended transfer difference chip to convert single-ended seismic signal into differential signal again, send into 24 A/D conversions and carry out analog to digital conversion, need use the inner double-buffer area territory of being distributed of FPGA this moment; Promptly first data converted memory buffers 1 first; When conversion of signals next time, deposit data in buffer memory 2 on the one hand, the data with buffer memory 1 are sent to the SDRAM storage on the one hand, deposit data in buffer memory 1 when changing once more; Data with buffer memory 2 are sent to SDRAM simultaneously; So circulation is carried out, and accomplish until data acquisition, and same process is all carried out in inner whole 12 roads of single branch acquisition station; Because the parallel processing capability of FPGA has guaranteed operation that data deposit in and read and be executed in parallel to the control of each peripheral hardware, so the collection of all 12 track datas and storage are strict parallel.All 12 track data collections are carried out data encapsulation and are carried out data transmission through wireless network to main control system after accomplishing.Main control system is receiving that geological data at first shows seismic waveshape at integrated application software master interface through drawing algorithm; And carry out filtering or change and processing such as pick observing seismic waveshape according to the actual requirements; Also can check the quality of data acquisition through spectrum analysis; Be the format conversion of main control system afterwards, convert geological data into general standard earthquake data layout and store, so that the processing of other back analysis softwares of later stage.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention adopts distributed project organization, and combining wireless network radio station building network transmission network is realized the telemetry-acquisition to geological data.The main control system hardware platform is owing to adopt the arm processor of high-performance low-power-consumption to combine touch-screen to build; And adopt inner integrated chargeable lithium cell power supply; Reduce the volume and weight of engineering seismograph main control system greatly, loaded the intellectuality that real-time desktop operating system Windows CE exploitation corresponding application software has been improved operation; Branch's acquisition station has been owing to utilized monolithic FPGA parallel control 12 road signals collecting simultaneously, not only improved acquisition performance and, and integrated its volume and weight that also reduced to a great extent of height.And total system is owing to reduced the extended line that is used for data transmission in a large number and the synchronizing signal transmission line of traditional engineering seismograph; Then the mode of employing radio communication; Further improve the portability of total system, and promoted the operating efficiency of engineering exploration and the construction ability under the various complicated occasion greatly.Therefore total system has portable, low-power consumption, high-performance, can overcome construction restriction and the characteristics of high operating efficiency under the various complicated occasions.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a system architecture diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is branch's acquisition station internal frame diagram.
Fig. 3 is branch's acquisition station single track signal acquiring board theory diagram.
The acquisition station master control borad FPGA of Fig. 4 branch expansion SDRAM, Ethernet interface and download debugging interface theory diagram;
Fig. 5 is the acquisition station master control FPGA of a branch kernel resource distribution block diagram;
Fig. 6 is branch's acquisition station power supply allocative decision block diagram;
Fig. 7 is branch's acquisition station feed circuit theory diagram;
Fig. 8 is the main control system internal frame diagram;
Fig. 9 is a main control system power supply allocative decision block diagram;
Figure 10 is main control system feed circuit theory diagrams;
Figure 11 is the synchronous device system principle diagram.
Embodiment:
For the present invention is understood more easily, the present invention is further specified below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment.
Consult Fig. 1; A kind of wireless telemetering formula seismic signal acquiring system; Form by seismoreceiver, branch's acquisition station, main control system, wireless network and synchronous device; With the main control system is the control core of acquisition system, and synchronous device 6 is used for when producing man-made explosion, transmitting synchronizing signal to main control system and branch's acquisition station, and the engineering seismology signal is transmitted to seismoreceiver 3, parallel transmission cable 4, branch's acquisition station 1, wireless network radio station 2, main control system 5 successively.Main control system 5 is dynamically adjusted the parameter of each unit in acquisition system and the branch's acquisition station, and the data of being gathered are carried out the real-time demonstration of corresponding pre-service and seismic waveshape thereof, and becomes general geological data form to store the data-switching of gathering.
Consult Fig. 2, as the key component that seismic signal is gathered, branch's acquisition station is after receiving the synchronizing signal of synchronous device; The signals collecting function of start-up system; Whole process is following: after the 12 road earthquake wave detectors that connect with parallel mode pick up seismic signal, transfer to two-stage programmable amplifier PGA205 by the parallel cable of transmission earthquake simulation signal and amplify, seismic signal is after amplification reaches; Need carry out corresponding anti-aliasing filter; Mainly be to utilize amplifier and capacitance resistance network design active low-pass filter, filtering is higher than the radio-frequency component of 1/2nd A/D converter SFs, guarantees that the seismic signal of gathering alias can not occur; Simultaneously because filter segment adopts amplifier to realize; Therefore and amplifier self has the characteristics of high input impedance low output impedance, in this part the mimic channel in the Acquisition Circuit and digital circuit is played the effect of mutual isolation, guarantees that the digital signal of back grade can not exert an influence to the mimic channel of prime; Because seismic signal is being still single-ended signal through after the filtering; And the signal input part of A/D is divided into the difference input; Therefore must single-ended seismic signal be converted into the differential signal of A/D converter demand, and seismic signal carried out analog to digital conversion, and then deposit the double-buffer area territory corresponding that FPGA distributes in it by 24 A/D converters; And deposit corresponding SDRAM storage space in through FPGA; Utilize FPGA control Ethernet interface that data are sent to main control system through the wireless network radio station after whole gatherer process is accomplished, wherein be used to pick up 4 ~ 100Hz level or vertical single-ended output seismoreceiver that the seismoreceiver of seismic signal can adopt similar Chongqing Geological Instrument Factory to produce, 2 transmission lines of each wave detector; 12 roads adopt parallel connected mode through amounting to the Acquisition Circuit of 24 transmission line to branch acquisition stations; If adopt the acceleration transducer of MEMS type to do corresponding change certainly, like Model1221, because its output signal is a differential signal to circuit; Therefore used amplifier also must be a differential amplifier, and if the transducer sensitivity that adopts is enough high also can directly link to each other with the A/D converter of back grade without amplifier.
Consult Fig. 3; The programmable amplifier of front end need adopt the amplifier of low input offset voltage and multiple Gain Adjustable to realize; For guaranteeing bigger gain margin, adopt the mode of two-stage PGA205 amplifier cascade to realize here, wherein four control ports of each road two-stage PGA205 link to each other with 74～77 ports of master control fpga chip EP2C8Q208I8N respectively; Because the single-stage of PGA205 can realize 1,2,4,8 times of fourth gear enlarging function; Therefore two-stage PGA205 cascade can realize the enlarging function of 7 gears, promptly progressively increases from 1～64 times with 2 times of step-by-step systems, and can pick up the signal of minimum 10 μ V; The frequency overlapped-resistable filter employing has utmost point low noise and combines the capacitance resistance network to form the active Butterworth LPF of quadravalence with the LM4562 of degree of distortion; Generally; The SF of system's A/D converter is set to 4kHz; Therefore the cut-off frequecy of passband of wave filter is arranged on below the 2kHz here; And adopt the design of Butterworth type, further be beneficial to special-purpose filter-design software (like FilterLab) the capacitance resistance parameter is set, with alias composition in effective filtering useful signal; The single-ended transfer difference chip adopts the differential amplifier AD8138 of low distortion to realize; The feedback resistance that mainly is four feedback ends of AD8138 is set to identical parameter value; Amplifier is configured to the form of emitter follower, guarantee original signal under the situation that is not exaggerated or decays through this part, its reference voltage must be set to 1/2 size of A/D converter reference voltage; Guarantee that the signal amplitude after the conversion can be above the maximum acquired signal amplitude of A/D; Because the reference voltage that partly adopts of A/D converter is 4.096V, so the reference voltage of this part is 2.048V, and it directly adopts linear voltage stabilization chip REF192 that 5V is converted to 2.048V and realizes.
With reference to figure 3; A/D converter part is because to require sampling rate be adjustable, and must satisfy high-resolution requirement, so the ADS1252 that to have adopted 24 high resolving power, maximum sampling rates in the circuit be 40kHz designs; The adjustment of its sampling rate mainly is to realize through its input clock of adjustment control; The high accurate clock signal that this function can make full use of the inner phase locked-loop unit generation of fpga chip EP2C8Q208I8N drives, and has taken 3 EP2C8Q208I8N ports in the entire circuit and has driven 12 road ADS1252, and promptly each port drives 4 road ADS1252 simultaneously; With first road in scheming is example; The input end of clock of ADS1252 is driven by the frequency-dividing clock that the 137th port of EP2C8Q208I8N produces, and adjusts the sampling rate of ADS1252 through the output clock frequency of adjusting this port, and EP2C8Q208I8N is through the intercommunication of the 27th and the 35th port and ADS1252 in addition; Be used to read the ADS1252 data converted, other passages are identical with the operation of first passage.
With reference to figure 4, owing to be that seismic signal is carried out continuous data acquisition, generally when the sampling rate with the A/D conversion is made as 4kHz; Sampling number is 2048, and because what adopt is 24 A/D converters, so the data volume of single track is in the 6k byte; 48 road engineering seismographs with routine calculate, and amount to the geological data of 288K byte, the memory headroom that takies in the time of also need adding program run certainly; And under the situation of sampling rate appearance rate or sampling number generation adjustment, the data volume of per pass also can change thereupon, and the inner storage space of EP2C8Q208I8N can't satisfy the memory requirement of system; Therefore need the expansion external memory storage to satisfy call data storage, the high speed SDRAM chip H57V2562GTR-60C that has adopted dominant frequency to reach as high as 166MHz in the system realizes this function, and its capacity is 256Mb; Fully satisfied the storage space requirement of system; The total storage space of H57V2562GTR-60C is divided into 4 physical blocks, and each piece is 16M * 16bit, and promptly it has adopted 16 position datawires; 13 bit address lines; 2 physical block is selected control line, is shown the IO port driver control of SDR_ respectively by the corresponding head of EP2C8Q208I8N, and the driving of its bottom adopts the self-defined IP kernel of writing and embed EP2C8Q208I8N to accomplish.
With reference to figure 4, data acquisition is also temporary behind the SDRAM that extends out, and further work is sent to main control system exactly; Because the geological data of branch's acquisition station collection is temporarily stored in the SDRAM storer with binary mode, and, need it be spliced and change and be stored as the file of standard format to geological data; Therefore branch's acquisition station need carry out handled and storage format conversion with transmission of seismic data to the main control system that institute gathers and keeps in, because the data volume that engineering seismology is gathered is bigger, therefore must consider the speed and the reliability of data transmission simultaneously; Traditional approach all is to adopt wired mode, but this mode need connect more transmission cable, and is very inconvenient; And can reduce the efficient of field work greatly; Therefore the present invention's speed of having adopted graticule mesh communication technology wired company in Beijing to release wireless network radio station AirMesh 900 of reaching as high as 20Mbps is set up star-like data transmission network, and it is operated in 902 ~ 928MHz ISM band, and the transmission range maximum can reach 15 kilometers; And support OFDM code modulation mode and wireless receive diversity function; Complete compatible 100Base-T Ethernet interface and dynamic IP or static IP distribute, and this provides good driving interface for the exploitation of branch's acquisition station, and branch's acquisition station is for drive the wireless network radio station and accomplish the transition of data from SDRAM to the radio station to the full extent; The DM9000AE Ethernet interface chip that to have adopted maximum support transmission speed in the circuit be 100Mbps is realized; Its inside has 16K byte SRAM as receiving the FIFO buffer memory that sends, and supports two kinds of host work patterns of 8/16bit, through AUTO-Mdix (supporting direct interconnection the to overturn automatically) function of HP authentication; Support TCP/IP to quicken (IPV4 check sum offload) and alleviate the CPU burden; Improve complete machine usefulness, the I/O access time of 10ns, and support the 802.3 Ethernet host-host protocols that IEEE issues; This has guaranteed the reliability and stability of data transmission network; Many characteristics not only satisfy the driving requirement in wireless network radio station, have also fully satisfied the rate request of transmission geological data simultaneously, certainly in order to carry out proper communication with main control system; ICP/IP protocol in the time of also need combining ethernet communication forms the special-purpose communication protocol of MANET intercommunication, guarantees the readability of transmission data.
With reference to figure 4; The inner fpga chip EP2C8Q208I8N of branch's acquisition station will load corresponding run time version; Just need corresponding program debug and download interface; Therefore system drawn EP2C8Q208I8N hardware integrated JTAG program debug and download interface, yet because the program code that can't saved system carry out FPGA inside, i.e. after system's power down its inner all data of being preserved will be lost; Therefore need the corresponding storage unit of expansion to preserve the corresponding code of FPGA; Take all factors into consideration the needed storage space of compiling back run time version simultaneously, the 16Mbit series arrangement chip EPCS16SI8N that the present invention adopts altera corp to be equipped with for its fpga chip specially is used for the program in machine code that saved system is carried out, i.e. the program of the required operation of EP2C8Q208I8N is at first carried out preliminary debugging by jtag interface; Adjustment is downloaded to EPCS16SI8N through AS pattern download interface after accomplishing; The program in machine code that EP2C8Q208I8N read in EPCS16SI8N earlier and preserved when code was carried out, and then the RAM that is loaded on self carries out, and the each power down of system is restarted or the back collection plate that resets can load this subprogram automatically.
Consult Fig. 5; Because FPGA need be as the integrated multiple function of controller; Need compatible multidiameter delay collection and memory function simultaneously and make things convenient for writing of FPGA application program; Therefore its inside is necessary to embed the soft nuclear of IP; Soft nuclear part comprised development platform Quartus submodule SOCBuilder integrated CPU nuclear and internal RAM, extend out Flash, extend out that SDRAM drives, USB changes the JTAG output print, and under the situation that guarantees strict parallel acquisition storage, 12 road A/D converters that need branch's acquisition station is used drive and are integrated in the soft nuclear of embedding; So that when in NIOS development platform application written program, multi-channel A/D being operated, can strict executed in parallel; Because each road A/D needs the data of continuous acquisition certain-length, and need after the single acquisition in time that the data of data acquisition are temporary to the SDRAM storer that extends out, if directly storage then can the more time of expense; Thereby cause the time-delay on the time of origin in the continuous acquisition process of A/D, because this time delays is uncertain, so can further cause 12 road A/D can't strict executed in parallel; For addressing this problem; The present invention has adopted the memory module of two buffer memorys, and the function of this part is integrated in the soft nuclear, to guarantee that to 12 tunnel two cachings also be strict executed in parallel; This part makes full use of the project organization of FIFO (first in first out) storer of FPGA; Be each road A/D and gather the storage space that distributes 2 FIFO, the data bit width of single cell fifo is 8, and the degree of depth is 2 words; Guaranteeing it can store single A/D and gather needed 3 byte spaces; Whole storing process is following: A/D converter accomplish after the single conversion with data storage to its corresponding cache 1, when once changing,, the data of buffer memory 1 are read deposit to the SDRAM that extends out on the other hand on the one hand with data storage to corresponding cache 2 with it; When continuing conversion that data are temporary once more to buffer memory 1; And the data of buffer memory 2 are read deposit to extending out among the SDRAM, so cycling is accomplished until whole gatherer process, owing to data are deposited and read from buffer memory 2 to buffer memory 1 with data that to deposit to extending out SDRAM be two separate processes in FPGA inside; And be executed in parallel, therefore can not interrupt the continuous acquisition process of A/D.
Consult Fig. 6 and Fig. 7; High-quality power supply is vital to the collection effect of branch's acquisition station and the stability of total system; Because branch's acquisition station needs multi-group power, therefore need the power supply output of multiple assembled scheme, the present invention is in order to guarantee the portable and performance that can be recycled of system; Adopted the arrange in pairs or groups DC-DC switch power module combination of wide pressure output of power supply mode or two kinds of schemes of external power source of inner integrated chargeable lithium cell to realize; Integrated power supply further improves its portability, and external power source is then as optional standby power supply, and wherein the chargeable lithium cell scheme is the 3.6V/2.6Ah series connection with four joint single-units; Be that 14.4V/2.6Ah is one group; Further adopt 10 groups of above-mentioned lithium battery groups to be combined as the electric battery of 14.4V/26Ah, guarantee enough powering quantities, external power source can adopt 12V/60Ah accumulator or AC-DC Switching Power Supply; Concrete internal electric source distributes as follows: utilize the DC-DC switch power module WRD12D05-10W of two-way output with voltage transitions to be ± 5V, as the power supply of signal conditioning circuit in the collection plate; Utilize DC-DC switch power module WRD12S12-10W that voltage transitions is 12V, as the power supply in wireless network radio station; Further adopt linear voltage stabilization chip LM1085-3.3V general+5V voltage transitions extremely+3.3V is as the FPGA working power, general+3.3V voltage through linear voltage stabilizing chip LT1117-1.2 be converted to+1.2V is as the soft nuclear working power of FPGA; In addition; Because the reference voltage of needs+4.096V during the ADS1252 of branch's acquisition station master control borad work; Therefore adopted here high-precision REF198 general+5V power supply through linear voltage stabilizing extremely+4.096V is as the reference voltage of A/D converter; Simultaneously because REF198 need drive 12 road ADS1252 concurrent workings simultaneously; For guaranteeing enough driving forces; The present invention partly adopts amplifier OPA350 to build the driving force that emitter follower increases REF198 reference power source, the reference power source of the single-ended transfer difference chip AD8138 needs+2.048V on the same branch acquisition station signal-processing board, the voltage transitions of utilizing high-precision REF191 general+5V here extremely+2.048V; In addition, in the circuit owing to adopted the DC-DC Switching Power Supply, so can there be bigger ripple; And system right ± power quality of 5V has relatively high expectations; Therefore the power output end of needs ± 5V adds corresponding pi type filter, to reduce power supply ripple, simultaneously in order further to provide the system power supply quality to reach coupling over the ground; Near the electric capacity that need insert 100 μ F and 0.1 μ F near the IC power supply suppresses the high frequency interference from ground wire, guarantees that extremely low noise and temperature float.The dividing potential drop of utilizing the LM393 of integrated two groups of comparers will monitor reference voltage and power supply to the real-time monitor portion of voltage compares; Utilize resistance that the lithium battery power supply is carried out dividing potential drop as electric weight monitoring comparer input voltage in the same way relatively; And the reverse comparative voltage that LM393 is set is 2.5V, and the output of two groups of comparers connects light emitting diode respectively, and green LED starts during power supply dividing potential drop high pressure reference voltage; Expression voltage is normal; Otherwise red light emitting diodes starts, and representes under-voltage.Simultaneously cause late-class circuit to burn for fear of power fail, the power supply input end of battery has added resettable fuse, guarantees to cut off automatically when power supply breaks down feed circuit.
Consult Fig. 8, for the portability and the combination property of further raising system, main control system has partly adopted the S3C6410 arm processor based on the ARM11 kernel to embed hard real-time operating system Windows CE realization.The dominant frequency of S3C6410 reaches as high as 667MHz, has fully satisfied the computing requirement as the engineering seismograph main control system, provides a cover complete general-purpose system peripheral hardware simultaneously, comprises LCD interface, 4 passage DMA, compatible to SD card main interface agreement, USB, SPI, I
2C, UART and 130 universal I and 24 external interrupt request terminal mouths etc.; And kernel portion adopts CMOS standard macroelement and the memory cell of 0.13 μ m; These indexs not only make to combine the ARM chip development system saves be used for expanding the space of peripherals in a large number; Fundamentally dwindle the volume of equipment, also reduced the power consumption of total system simultaneously greatly.Main control system partly combines the general Peripheral Interface of S3C6410 to expand 10 cun touch-screens, the RAM of 256M, the Flash of 512M, USB_HUB, SD card, mouse-keyboard interface, real-time clock unit.Wherein 10 cun touch display screens are used to the various operating functions of the system that realizes and show the seismic waveshape of gathering in real time; The RAM of 256M is as the running space of system and the temporarily providing room of deal with data; The Flash of 512M is used for storage operating system and geological data file; USB_HUB can be used as the general-purpose interface of other USB peripheral hardwares; The SD card makes things convenient for the copy and the transfer of earthquake data file; The mouse-keyboard interface makes things convenient for the operation of main control system; Real-time clock is used for the definite date and time information of display system.In addition, main control system part is gathered inserting the built-in A/D converter of S3C6410 after the power supply dividing potential drop for real-time monitoring power voltage, and carries out necessary electric weight scale and be presented on the interface of operating system.Main control system another one critical function is the integrated of ethernet interface; So that through communicating between wireless network radio station and branch's acquisition station and the synchronous device; Still adopt DM9000AE as chip for driving to the ethernet communication part, and external RJ45 interface is realized the operation of main control system to the wireless network radio station.This part is for the stability of enhanced system, and we utilize and fly to insult OK6410B type ARM11 core board coupling system demand that embedded company limited produces and expand and build main control system.
Main control system loads Windows CE operating system for satisfying intelligent demand needs; Therefore need the kernel services of customization operations system and the external interface bottom layer driving of integrated necessity; The kernel portion of the present invention's customization mainly comprises two-dimensional graphics machine display module .NET Compact Framework 2.0, DirectDraw under the Core OS; File operation assembly File Cache Manager, RAM and ROM File System; Registration table hold function Hive-based Registry assembly; Assembly USB HID Keyboard and Mouse, the USB Storage Class Driver of VC MFC assembly MFC support, network communication TCP/IP V6 assembly, support USB hot plug; Chinese character coding input method assembly SimSun & NSimSun (Subset 2_50) and GB18030 Data Converter; SD Bus Driver and two driven units of SD Memory that need add Device Driver node section are at last supported the associative operation of SD card apparatus to guarantee main control system, are convenient to the cross-platform transfer of geological data.
Consult Fig. 9 and Figure 10; Similar with the branch acquisition station; The main control system part also needs many group power supplies, and is same in order to improve the portability of main control system, still adopts built-in chargeable lithium cell and two kinds of schemes of expansion external power source interface; Through DC-DC switch power module WRD12S05-10W be converted to+5V is as the touch-screen power supply; Be converted to 12V as wireless network radio station working power through switch power module WRD12S12-10W, general+5V through linear voltage stabilizing chip LM1085-3.3 be converted to+3.3V is as ARM core board working power, in order to guarantee the lower ripple of power supply output; + power output end of 5V adds corresponding pi type filter to be disturbed with the filtering high frequency ripple; Same owing to need monitor in real time to the electric quantity of power supply of main control system, with the built-in A/D of core board that inserts ARM after lithium battery power supply or the rational dividing potential drop of external power source process, carry out the electric weight conversion after the collection and be presented on the integrated application software interface of main control system here.In addition, similar with the branch acquisition station, when the power supply that needs to guarantee main control system breaks down, can not burn late-class circuit, added resettable fuse at the powered battery input end.
Consult Figure 11, the synchronous device in the system is used to start each branch's acquisition station synchronous acquisition function.Its front end mainly is that externally high frequency hammering electronic switch is after sensing enough strong vibration; Send a high frequency spike pulse to trigger the external interrupt function of controller; Owing to be the high frequency spike pulse; So be difficult for being picked up by master controller external interrupt input port, the present invention is through inserting the output terminal of electronic switch the non-middle fracture that inserts master controller behind the door again of two-stage of 74HC04, because the inner project organization that adopts Schmidt trigger of 74HC04; The Schmidt trigger most important character is to become the precipitous rect.p. in edge to this spike pulse signal shaping; In addition Schmidt trigger have only when input voltage from low level rise to threshold voltage or when high level drops to threshold voltage the state of circuit just can change, this specific character has guaranteed the maloperation of high frequency hammering switch or has disturbed that no to trigger the interrupt function of controller, in addition; The output port of 74HC04 must insert pull-up resistor; To guarantee that it can input to the level pulse that fracture in the controller is fit to, simultaneously in order to improve the interference free performance of circuit, need with 74HC04 inner other 4 not the not gate input end of usefulness be pulled to high level.The master controller of synchronous device is had no progeny in response external and need be sent the packet that a frame is used to indicate the synchronous acquisition function to each branch's acquisition station and main control system through the wireless network radio station; Recover interrupt function after whole process is accomplished and interrupt to respond next time, so circulation realizes the function of the synchronous continuous acquisition of each branch's acquisition station.The inner main high-performance microcontroller STM32F103ZET6 that adopts of synchronous device cooperates Ethernet chip for driving ENC28J60 and wireless network radio station to realize; The Flash of the built-in 512K of STM32F103ZET6 and the SRAM of 64K; Enough programs and data space have been guaranteed; Its dominant frequency that reaches as high as 72MHz makes it can drive peripheral hardware at a high speed; This also provides the foundation for its control ENC28J60, but ENC28J60 adopt speed the spi bus interface of the highest 10Mbps drive, this speed satisfies the requirement that drives the wireless network radio station as synchronous device fully; And control and driving are comparatively easy; It supports the 10Base-T port that auto polarity detects and proofreaies and correct, and can directly link to each other with the wireless network radio station through the RJ45 interface, and the transmission of its built-in 8K in addition/reception packet dual-port SRAM is that the timely transmission of synchronic command provides good spatial cache.STM32F103ZET6 comes drive controlling ENC28J60 through the spi bus of the 40th ~ 43 port, and is connected with the wireless network radio station through the RJ45 interface of HR911105R145.
With reference to Figure 10, consider the portability of synchronous device, its power pack adopts inner integrated chargeable lithium cell; Similar with the power source design of main control system; Equally respectively through DC-DC switch power module WRD12S05-10W be converted to+5V is as the input of back level power supply, be about to+5V is converted to+3.3V through linear voltage stabilizing chip LM1085-3.3, if adopt lithium battery LM1085-3.3 directly to be converted to 3.3V; Even two groups of chargeable lithium cell series connection also are the nominal voltages of 7.2V; The pressure reduction that goes to 3.3V is 3.9V, and this mode just greatly reduces the work efficiency of power supply, goes to the work efficiency that 3.3V can improve power supply to a great extent again and adopt Switching Power Supply to go to 5V earlier; Be converted to 12V as wireless network radio station working power through switch power module WRD12S12-10W equally; The pi type filter of its filtering ripple and insurance part are identical with the main control system power supply plan, and in addition, the monitor portion of synchronous device supply voltage is identical with the molecule acquisition station.
Claims (8)
1. wireless telemetering formula seismic signal acquiring system is characterized in that comprising a main control system, branch's acquisition station of a synchronous device and a plurality of distributed settings;
Main control system has arm processor to be connected with storer, display, keyboard and wireless network radio station; Accept the synchronous enabled instruction of synchronous device; Circulation is sent configuration-direct and configuration parameter to each branch's acquisition station after receiving enabled instruction, receives and handle the geological data that branch's acquisition station is sent;
Synchronous device is connected with wireless network radio interface chip through the Ethernet chip for driving by first microcontroller; First microcontroller is connected with the shaping pulse chip; The shaping pulse chip is connected with the external trigger sensor; The external trigger sensor sensing sends a high frequency spike pulse to trigger first microcontroller behind signal, first microcontroller sends synchronous enabled instruction through the wireless network radio station to main control system and branch's acquisition station;
Each branch's acquisition station has a plurality of wave detectors; Programmable gain amplifier, frequency overlapped-resistable filter, single-ended transfer difference chip, the A/D converter of each detector via series connection are connected with second microcontroller; Second microcontroller respectively with programmable gain amplifier; External memory storage, network interface card driver connect, and the network interface card driver is connected with wireless network radio interface chip, and branch's acquisition station starts after receiving synchronous enabled instruction; Receive main control system data sent reading command, send the geological data of gathering to main control system.
2. system according to claim 1; It is characterized in that programmable gain amplifier is made up of two-stage amplifier PGA205 cascade; Four control end-apparatus of amplifier link to each other with the second microcontroller EP2C8Q208I8N respectively; Frequency overlapped-resistable filter is the active Butterworth LPF of quadravalence that integrated package LM4562 and electric capacity, resistance are formed, and the single-ended transfer difference chip is AD8138, and A/D converter is ADS1252; ± 5V power supply is connected with PGA205, LM4562; + 5V power supply converts 2.048V into through chip REF191 and is connected with AD8138, converts 4.096V series connection OPA350 into through REF198 and be connected with ADS1252, and reservoir is H57V2562GTR-60C, and wireless network radio interface chip is DM9000AE.
3. system according to claim 2; It is characterized in that second microcontroller is connected with chip EP2C8Q208I8N with chip EPCS16SI8N, AS pattern interface chip; The second microcontroller inside is embedded with the IP kernel; The IP kernel comprises CPU nuclear and internal RAM, extends out Flash, extends out the SDRAM driver, the A/D converter driver.
4. system according to claim 1; It is characterized in that said external trigger sensor is a high frequency hammering electronic switch; The non-middle fracture that inserts the first microcontroller STM32F103ZET6 behind the door again of two-stage of controller 74HC04 is sent out in the output contact of high frequency hammering electronic switch; The Flash of the built-in 512K of first microcontroller and the SRAM of 64K, the Ethernet chip for driving is ENC28J60, the wireless network radio interface is HR911105R145.
5. system according to claim 1, the arm processor that it is characterized in that main control system is S3C6410, its general Peripheral Interface is connected with RAM, the Flash of 512M, USB_HUB, SD card, the timer clock unit of touch-screen, 256M.
6. system according to claim 1; It is characterized in that branch's acquisition station; There is integrated power supply synchronous device and main control system inside, and have expanded the external power source interface, and integrated power supply is a chargeable lithium cell; Integrated power supply or external power source are connected with the power supply voltage divider with DC-DC switch power module; DC-DC switch power module WRD12DO5-10W is converted to ± 5V by 9 ~ 18V input, and WRD12S12-10W is converted to+12V by 9 ~ 18V input, and WRD12S05-10W is converted to+5V by 9 ~ 18V input; Pi type filter is all passed through in the output of Switching Power Supply; WRD12DO5-10W output+5V gives the power supply of second microcontroller through voltage stabilizing chip LM1085-3.3V, gives the power supply of the second microcontroller ID kernel with 3.3V voltage through linear voltage stabilizing chip LT1117-1.2V again, and WRD12S05-10W output is given the power supply of second microcontroller through voltage stabilizing chip LM1085-3.3V in that synchronous device is inner; Working power in main control system inside as arm processor chip S3C6410, WRD12S12-10W exports as the radio station working power.
7. system according to claim 1 is characterized in that wave detector is simple component moving-coil type seismic sensor or simple component MEMS acceleration transducer.
8. system according to claim 7, each branch's acquisition station connects 12 wave detectors.
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