CN102565294B - Water source area monitoring and evaluation method - Google Patents
Water source area monitoring and evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种水源地监测评价方法，该方法包括步骤：S1.结合地面水源地监测数据以及观测卫星的遥感数据及其辅助数据，对水源地各评价指标进行安全评价；S2.利用层次分析法，计算水源地各评价指标的权重系数；S3.基于模糊数学方法对水源地安全等级进行整体评价，并基于评价结果建立预警机制与应急机制。本发明的方法利用天地协同方法，将观测卫星的遥感数据和地面监测数据结合，得到评价水源地安全的各指标的分布情况，再结合各指标的评价标准，得到各指标的安全等级，考虑各指标的权重作用，可以得到水源的总体安全等级，从而能够快速、方便的实现大范围的地表水源地的监测评价，与地面监测台站实现了有力的互补。
The invention discloses a method for monitoring and evaluating water sources. The method comprises steps: S1. Combining ground monitoring data of water sources, remote sensing data of observation satellites and auxiliary data thereof, performing safety evaluation on each evaluation index of water sources; S2. Utilization levels The analysis method calculates the weight coefficients of each evaluation index of the water source area; S3. Based on the fuzzy mathematical method, the overall safety level of the water source area is evaluated, and an early warning mechanism and an emergency response mechanism are established based on the evaluation results. The method of the present invention utilizes the space-earth synergy method to combine the remote sensing data of the observation satellite with the ground monitoring data to obtain the distribution of each index for evaluating the safety of water sources, and then combine the evaluation standards of each index to obtain the safety level of each index. The weight of the index can obtain the overall safety level of the water source, so that the monitoring and evaluation of a wide range of surface water sources can be realized quickly and conveniently, and it has achieved a strong complementarity with the ground monitoring stations.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to potable water seedbed, earth's surface monitoring and evaluation technical field, relate in particular to a kind of water head site monitoring and evaluation method based on ground data and observation satellite remotely-sensed data.
Background technology
Along with China's economic society fast development, population sustainable growth and cities and towns rate progressively improve, the environmental pressure that water head site faces enlarges markedly, and water quality is totally on a declining curve, and even part water source is because of deteriorating water quality, have to change intake position, or close water head site.At present, the sound development of basin water environment is subject to front promising challenge, and especially the sound development in basin potable water seedbed becomes the most important thing.
Potable water is as the of paramount importance water resource of a class purposes; aspect water quality, the water yield and resource management, existing problems at present; common people's drinking water safety has been subject to serious threat; China is quite outstanding because water head site pollutes the social concern causing; drinking water source protection problem has become the significant problem involving the interests of the state and the people, and the Party Central Committee, State Council have given great attention.On June 11st, 2010, Environmental Protection Department is together with National Development and Reform Commission, house town and country construction portion, Ministry of Water Resources and five departments of the Ministry of Public Health combine and have printed and distributed " National urban drinking water source ground environmental protection plans (2008-2020) ", the First drinking water source ground environmental protection plans of Zhe Shi China, this work is intended to further grasp drinking water source ground environmental aspect, strengthen the capacity building of drinking water source ground contamination prevention & management, Erecting and improving water head site protection related art method, laws and regulations, solve the significant problem of harm drinking water safety at present, conscientiously promote comprehensively carrying out of Drinking Water in China water head site protection work, and the work in every of protecting for follow-up drinking water source ground lays the foundation.The enforcement of " planning " will effectively instruct various places to carry out drinking water source ground environmental protection and prevention and cure of pollution work, further improve centralized drinking water source ground, China city environmental quality, promote water head site environmental management and water quality safety safeguard level.
From the check result of environmental protection special campaigns in 2008,113 key cities' Drinking Water Source Quality compliance rates are still on the low side.From major pollutants source, dissimilar water head site has separate sources.As in potable water seedbed not up to standard, storehouse, the lake main overstandard factor of type water head site is total nitrogen, and major pollutants source is life face source, agricultural area source and soil background.Show from the environmental protection special examination report that reports State Council, at present the basin pollution problem that has its source in of potable water seedbed environmental issue.
China is mainly undertaken by setting up Potable Water Conservation district the protection of potable water; drinking water source protected location is country for preventing and treating drinking water source ground contamination, ensure that water head site environmental quality delimit, and requires waters and the land-based area of certain area of in addition special protection.In fact; the problem of much water quality and the ecosystem is all also to occur on the level of basin; but only rely on wellhead protection zone can not accomplish water head site to protect completely; protected location is limited to the degree of protection of water head site; so for water head site Environmental security; not only need to protect water head site based on protected location, also will consider to monitor and management from basin level simultaneously.The success or failure in protection surface water potable water seedbed largely depend on whether on Watershed Scale, take control measure.
The monitoring of water head site at present mainly adopts the mode of " from bottom to top " to carry out, and by the statistics of establishment, superior unit gathers step by step, and the time cycle that this monitoring method needs is longer, and workload is large, and cost is high.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical matters that will solve
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: provide one can be fast, periodically drinking water source is monitored, make full use of surface water body Monitoring Data and remotely-sensed data potable water seedbed, the earth's surface monitoring and evaluation method of advantage separately.
(2) technical scheme
For addressing the above problem, the invention provides a kind of water head site monitoring and evaluation method, the method comprising the steps of:
S1. the remotely-sensed data of combined ground water head site Monitoring Data and observation satellite and auxiliary data thereof, carries out safety evaluation to the each evaluation index of water head site;
S2. utilize analytical hierarchy process, calculate the weight coefficient of the each evaluation index of water head site;
S3. based on fuzzy mathematics method, water head site safe class is carried out to the overall evaluation, and set up early warning mechanism and emergency mechanism based on evaluation result.
Wherein, step S1 further comprises:
The remotely-sensed data of S1.1 based on day water seedbed water quality measurement data and observation satellite, evaluates water head site water quality safety index;
The remotely-sensed data of S1.2 based on ground water yield data and observation satellite, evaluates water head site water yield safety index;
Remotely-sensed data and the auxiliary data thereof of S1.3 based on observation satellite, evaluates water head site basin water environment safety index;
S1.4, based on enquiry data, evaluates water head site environment ability to supervise index.
3, water head site monitoring and evaluation method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, step S1.1 further comprises the evaluation to water quality classification, water eutrophication degree and water quality risk, wherein, the evaluation of water quality classification is further comprised to step:
S1.111, according to the water body feature of water head site, determines the index that characterizes this type of water body feature;
S1.112 is the complexity to harm degree and processing elimination according to each index, and evaluation index is divided three classes;
S1.113 calculates the evaluation number of each index, calculates evaluation of classification index on the basis of individual event evaluation number, and carries out the calculating of water coning;
The evaluation of water body eutrophication degree is further comprised to step:
S1.121 carries out pre-service to the remotely-sensed data of observation satellite, comprises radiation calibration, geometric correction and Atmospheric Correction;
S1.122, based on inverse model, carries out water quality parametric inversion to the remotely-sensed data of pretreated observation satellite;
S1.123, based on body eutrophication evaluation model, evaluates the Eutrophic Extent of water body;
Evaluation to water quality risk further comprises:
The remotely-sensed data of S1.131 based on observation satellite, carries out water quality risk identification;
S1.132, based on water quality risk evaluation model, carries out the risk assessment of water head site water quality.
Wherein, in step S1.2, the evaluation of water head site water yield safety index is comprised: the evaluation to water yield supply and demand ratio: according to ground statistics, calculate the available water of water body and the ratio of the amount of water required, in conjunction with water supply capacity evaluation model, determine the safe class of water supply capacity; And evaluation to water body total Water: according to the remotely-sensed data of observation satellite, water head site coverage of water is identified, in conjunction with the relational model of the water surface area-storage capacity of water body, calculate the total Water of water body, and the variation of remotely-sensed data coverage of water by contrast different time observation satellite, calculate the variation of the water yield in setting-up time section, water body total Water is carried out to safety evaluation.
Wherein, in step S1.3, water head site basin water environment safety index is evaluated and comprised step before: the remotely-sensed data of observation satellite is carried out to radiation calibration, geometric correction and Atmospheric Correction pre-service, obtain the Reflectivity for Growing Season data of remote sensing images;
Water head site basin water environment safety index is evaluated and is comprised:
Soil is utilized to situation evaluation: in conjunction with pretreated remotely-sensed data and ground investigation data, there is the feature of different spectrum based on different atural object, carry out the differently identification and extraction of class for remote sensing images, according to the different characteristics of class differently, utilize situation to carry out safety evaluation to the soil in water head site basin;
Vegetation coverage condition is evaluated: the Reflectivity for Growing Season data that obtain according to pre-service, based on remote sensing model, calculate vegetation coverage, and the impact on Ecology safety in conjunction with different coverage vegetation, vegetation coverage is carried out to safety evaluation;
Soil erosion situation is evaluated: the input data using described Reflectivity for Growing Season data as Model of Soil Erosion, calculate basin water-soil number of dropouts, and the impact on water body according to different soil erosion amounts, the soil erosion situation of watershed is carried out safety evaluation;
Source, opposite pollution condition is evaluated: according to remotely-sensed data after pre-service and ground statistics, based on pollution of area source model, calculate water head site basin total phosphorus/total nitrogen TP/TN load; Calculate the environmental capacity of water head site water body, and based on environmental capacity, the pollution of area source of watershed carries out safety evaluation.
Wherein, in step S1.4, the evaluation of water head site environment ability to supervise index comprises: to the evaluation of emergency response engineering, protected location mark facility, monitoring point setting and soft environment.
Wherein, step S3 further comprises: based on fuzzy data, determine water head site safe class by fuzzy synthesis index, described safe class from high to low span is 1-5.
Wherein, the remotely-sensed data of described observation satellite is the ccd data of a satellite HJ-1A/B of environment.
(3) beneficial effect
Method of the present invention is utilized world Synergistic method, the remotely-sensed datas such as the ccd data of HJ-1A/B are combined with ground monitoring data, obtain the distribution situation of each index of evaluating water head site safety, again in conjunction with the evaluation criterion of each index, obtain the safe class of each index, consider the weight effect of each index, can obtain the overall safety grade at water source, thereby can realize fast, easily the monitoring and evaluation in large-scale surface water seedbed, realize strong complementation with the ground monitoring station.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the water head site monitoring and evaluation method flow diagram according to one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the water head site monitoring and evaluation method monitoring and evaluation index system figure according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention propose water head site monitoring and evaluation method, by reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiment be described in detail as follows.
" No. one, environment " (HJ-1A/B) satellite system is the earth observation systems that is specifically designed to environment and disaster monitoring of State Council of the People's Republic of China's approval, have optics, infrared, ultraphotic is composed multiple detection means, have on a large scale, round-the-clock, round-the-clock, dynamic environment and disaster monitoring ability.HJ-1A/B sing data can not only provide important leverage for environment and mitigation service operation system, also will become the significant data source of a lot of departments day to day operation.Environment and the mitigation application system set up based on environmental satellite data, have important exemplary role to promoting remote sensing satellite business service.The observation satellite of mentioning in the present invention is preferably HJ-1A/B, and the remotely-sensed data of observation satellite is the ccd data of HJ-1A/B espespecially.
As shown in Figure 1, comprise step according to the water head site monitoring and evaluation method of one embodiment of the present invention:
S1. the ccd data of combined ground water head site Monitoring Data and HJ-1A/B and auxiliary data thereof, carries out safety evaluation to water head site, can obtain the safe class table of the each evaluation index of water head site;
S2. utilize analytical hierarchy process, calculate the weight coefficient of the each evaluation index of water head site, in conjunction with the table of grading of water head site safety evaluation, can obtain the grade situation of water head site overall safety;
S3. based on fuzzy mathematics method, water head site safe class is carried out to the overall evaluation, and set up early warning mechanism and emergency mechanism based on evaluation result.
Wherein, step S1 further comprises:
The ccd data of S1.1 based on day water seedbed water quality measurement data and HJ-1A/B, evaluates water head site water quality safety index;
The ccd data of S1.2 based on ground water yield data and HJ-1A/B, evaluates water head site water yield safety index;
Ccd data and the auxiliary data thereof of S1.3 based on HJ-1A/B, evaluates water head site basin water environment safety index;
S1.4, based on enquiry data, evaluates water head site environment ability to supervise index.
Step S1.1 is the detection to water head site water quality, by the indexs such as water quality classification, Eutrophic Extent, water quality safety risk, the water quality safety situation of reaction water seedbed water body.Main Contents for Monitoring comprises: the frequency that different classes of water quality occurs in the monitoring phase, and the degree of body eutrophication, affects the risk class of water quality safety; Monitoring object is to understand the basic condition of water head site water quality and safe class in the future, for water head site protection and corresponding security control provide foundation; Be ground water monitoring data and satellite data according to required data source, consider that the actual conditions of water quality monitoring and remotely-sensed data obtain the cycle, monitoring frequency be defined as water quality risk be per season once, other are for monthly once.Finally carry out result provision by thematic map and specialist paper.
Wherein, the evaluation of water quality classification is further comprised to step:
S1.111, according to the water body feature of water head site, determines the index that characterizes this type of water body feature;
S1.112 is the complexity to harm degree and processing elimination according to each index, and evaluation index is divided three classes;
S1.113 calculates the evaluation number of each index, calculates evaluation of classification index on the basis of individual event evaluation number, and carries out the calculating of water coning;
The evaluation of water body eutrophication degree is further comprised to step:
S1.121 carries out pre-service to the CCD raw data of HJ-1A/B, comprises radiation calibration, geometric correction and Atmospheric Correction;
S1.122, based on inverse model, carries out water quality parametric inversion to the ccd data of pretreated HJ-1A/B;
S1.123, based on body eutrophication evaluation model, evaluates the Eutrophic Extent of water body;
Evaluation to water quality risk further comprises:
The ccd data of S1.131 based on HJ-1A/B, carries out water quality risk identification;
S1.132, based on water quality risk evaluation model, carries out the risk assessment of water head site water quality.
Step S1.2 is the evaluation to water head site water yield safety index, and Contents for Monitoring is mainly the water yield in the monitoring phase and meets the frequency using, water body falling zone changes in distribution; Monitoring object is basic condition and the variation tendency for understanding the water head site water yield, for the safe class of determining water source provides foundation; Monitoring Data source is ground statistics and satellite data, considers data acquisition situation, and monitoring frequency is for annually; Finally by carrying out result provision with monitoring bulletin form.Evaluate and mainly comprise:
Evaluation to water yield supply and demand ratio: according to ground statistics, calculate the available water of water body and the ratio of the amount of water required, in conjunction with water supply capacity evaluation model, determine the safe class of water supply capacity; And evaluation to water body total Water: according to the remotely-sensed data of observation satellite, water head site coverage of water is identified, in conjunction with the relational model of the water surface area-storage capacity of water body, calculate the total Water of water body, and the variation of remotely-sensed data coverage of water by contrast different time observation satellite, calculate the variation of the water yield in setting-up time section, water body total Water is carried out to safety evaluation.
Step S1.3 comprised step before water head site basin water environment safety index is evaluated: the ccd data of HJ-1A/B is carried out to radiation calibration, geometric correction and Atmospheric Correction pre-service, obtain the Reflectivity for Growing Season data of remote sensing images; Water head site basin water environment safety index is evaluated and comprised: the monitoring of the utilization of watershed soil, vegetation covering, soil erosion and pollution of area source, to understand water head site pollution of area source and potential risk, thereby formulate corresponding watershed management measure.Contents for Monitoring mainly comprises soil utilization in basin, vegetation covering, soil erosion, pollution of area source evaluation; Monitoring object is by the index of reaction face source, basin situation, realizes the monitoring of face source on the impact of potable water seedbed, for policies provides foundation; The data of monitoring are satellite remote sensing date, tie surface checking.Monitoring frequency, for annually, also can be monitored as required; Form with thematic map and monitoring bulletin is carried out result provision.
The evaluation of carrying out comprises:
Soil is utilized to situation evaluation: in conjunction with ccd data and the ground investigation data of pretreated HJ-1A/B, there is the feature of different spectrum based on different atural object, carry out the differently identification and extraction of class for remote sensing images, according to the different characteristics of class differently, utilize situation to carry out safety evaluation to the soil in water head site basin;
Vegetation coverage condition is evaluated: the Reflectivity for Growing Season data that obtain according to pre-service, based on remote sensing model, calculate vegetation coverage, and the impact on Ecology safety in conjunction with different coverage vegetation, vegetation coverage is carried out to safety evaluation;
Soil erosion situation is evaluated: the input data using described Reflectivity for Growing Season data as Model of Soil Erosion, calculate basin water-soil number of dropouts, and the impact on water body according to different soil erosion amounts, the soil erosion situation of watershed is carried out safety evaluation;
Source, opposite pollution condition is evaluated: according to remotely-sensed data after pre-service and ground statistics, based on pollution of area source model, calculate water head site basin total phosphorus/total nitrogen (TP/TN) load; Calculate the environmental capacity of water head site water body, and based on environmental capacity, the pollution of area source of watershed carries out safety evaluation.
In step S1.4, the evaluation index of water head site environment ability to supervise comprises: the monitoring of emergency response engineering, protected location mark facility, monitoring point setting and soft environment etc., realizes the understanding to water head site environment supervision security situation.Contents for Monitoring: emergency response engineering, protected location mark facility, monitoring point setting, soft environment etc.; Monitoring object is to understand the complete situation of the corresponding monitoring measure of water head site, to supervise better water head site protection; The data of considering monitoring are the investigation of ground relevant departments, and monitoring frequency is for annually; Form with monitoring bulletin is carried out result provision.
The table of grading of the water head site safety evaluation obtaining by step S1 can be as shown in table 1 below:
Table 1 water head site safety evaluation index table of grading
(a) indicator layer
(b) rule layer
In step S2, it is in fact determining of the each evaluation Effects of Factors degree to water head site that the weight coefficient of the each evaluation index of water head site is calculated, and comprises step below:
S2.1 sets up hierarchy Model;
S2.2 Judgement Matricies;
S2.3 importance ranking;
S2.4 consistency check.
Based on the weight coefficient of each evaluation index, in conjunction with the table of grading of water head site safety evaluation, can obtain the grade situation of water head site overall safety, the grade situation of the water head site overall safety that step S2 obtains can be as shown in table 2 below:
Table 2
| Safe class | I | II | III | IV | V |
| Degree of membership | 0.6 | 0.13 | 0.1643 | 0.097 | 0.0087 |
In step S3; on the basis that the aspects such as Drinking Water Source Quality, the water yield, water environment, environment supervision are evaluated; by the safety of water source evaluation index, the security of water head site is carried out to thoroughly evaluating; further understand the potential safety hazard of water head site, thereby formulate rational control measures, water head site is protected.Contents for Monitoring is for calculating the safety of water source evaluation number; Monitoring object is assay water head site safety, proposition further work direction.This is operated in and carries out on water quality, the water yield, water environment, environment supervision basis, so frequency is decided to be annually.Form with monitoring bulletin is carried out result provision.
Based on fuzzy data, determine water head site safe class by fuzzy synthesis index, in the present invention preferred safe class from high to low span be 1-5.
As shown in Figure 2, method of the present invention, along the order of ' the accurate layer-> indicator layer of surveying of destination layer-> ', is found out the index that safe class is low, find potential safety hazard, analyze it and produce reason, formulate Corresponding Countermeasures, set up the early warning mechanism of water head site safety.
Above embodiment is only for illustrating the present invention; and be not limitation of the present invention; the those of ordinary skill in relevant technologies field; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; can also make a variety of changes and modification; therefore all technical schemes that are equal to also belong to category of the present invention, and scope of patent protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (3)
1. a water head site monitoring and evaluation method, is characterized in that, the method comprising the steps of:
S1. the remotely-sensed data of combined ground water head site Monitoring Data and observation satellite and auxiliary data thereof, carries out safety evaluation to the each evaluation index of water head site;
S2. utilize analytical hierarchy process, calculate the weight coefficient of the each evaluation index of water head site;
S3. based on fuzzy mathematics method, water head site safe class is carried out to the overall evaluation, and set up early warning mechanism and emergency mechanism based on evaluation result;
Wherein, the each evaluation index of water head site being carried out to safety evaluation comprises:
The remotely-sensed data of S1.1 based on day water seedbed water quality measurement data and observation satellite, evaluates water head site water quality safety index;
The remotely-sensed data of S1.2 based on ground water yield data and observation satellite, evaluates water head site water yield safety index;
Remotely-sensed data and the auxiliary data thereof of S1.3 based on observation satellite, evaluates water head site basin water environment safety index;
S1.4, based on enquiry data, evaluates water head site environment ability to supervise index;
Wherein, described step S1.1 further comprises the evaluation to water quality classification, water eutrophication degree and water quality risk, wherein, the evaluation of water quality classification is further comprised to step:
S1.111, according to the water body feature of water head site, determines the index that characterizes this type of water body feature;
S1.112 is the complexity to harm degree and processing elimination according to each index, and evaluation index is divided three classes;
S1.113 calculates the evaluation number of each index, calculates evaluation of classification index on the basis of individual event evaluation number, and carries out the calculating of water coning;
The evaluation of water body eutrophication degree is further comprised to step:
S1.121 carries out pre-service to the remotely-sensed data of observation satellite, comprises radiation calibration, geometric correction and Atmospheric Correction;
S1.122, based on inverse model, carries out water quality parametric inversion to the remotely-sensed data of pretreated observation satellite;
S1.123, based on body eutrophication evaluation model, evaluates the Eutrophic Extent of water body;
Evaluation to water quality risk further comprises:
The remotely-sensed data of S1.131 based on observation satellite, carries out water quality risk identification;
S1.132, based on water quality risk evaluation model, carries out the risk assessment of water head site water quality;
Wherein, in described step S1.2, the evaluation of water head site water yield safety index is comprised:
Evaluation to water yield supply and demand ratio: according to ground statistics, calculate the available water of water body and the ratio of the amount of water required, in conjunction with water supply capacity evaluation model, determine the safe class of water supply capacity; And
Evaluation to water body total Water: according to the remotely-sensed data of observation satellite, water head site coverage of water is identified, in conjunction with the relational model of the water surface area-storage capacity of water body, calculate the total Water of water body, and the variation of remotely-sensed data coverage of water by contrast different time observation satellite, calculate the variation of the water yield in setting-up time section, water body total Water is carried out to safety evaluation;
Wherein, in step S1.3, water head site basin water environment safety index is evaluated and comprised step before: the remotely-sensed data of observation satellite is carried out to radiation calibration, geometric correction and Atmospheric Correction pre-service, obtain the Reflectivity for Growing Season data of remote sensing images;
Water head site basin water environment safety index is evaluated and is comprised:
Soil is utilized to situation evaluation: in conjunction with pretreated remotely-sensed data and ground investigation data, there is the feature of different spectrum based on different atural object, carry out the differently identification and extraction of class for remote sensing images, according to the different characteristics of class differently, utilize situation to carry out safety evaluation to the soil in water head site basin;
Vegetation coverage condition is evaluated: the Reflectivity for Growing Season data that obtain according to pre-service, based on remote sensing model, calculate vegetation coverage, and the impact on Ecology safety in conjunction with different coverage vegetation, vegetation coverage is carried out to safety evaluation;
Soil erosion situation is evaluated: the input data using described Reflectivity for Growing Season data as Model of Soil Erosion, calculate basin water-soil number of dropouts, and the impact on water body according to different soil erosion amounts, the soil erosion situation of watershed is carried out safety evaluation;
Source, opposite pollution condition is evaluated: according to remotely-sensed data after pre-service and ground statistics, based on pollution of area source model, calculate water head site basin total phosphorus/total nitrogen TP/TN load; Calculate the environmental capacity of water head site water body, and based on environmental capacity, the pollution of area source of watershed carries out safety evaluation;
Wherein, in described step S1.4, the evaluation of water head site environment ability to supervise index comprises: to the evaluation of emergency response engineering, protected location mark facility, monitoring point setting and soft environment.
2. water head site monitoring and evaluation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, step S3 further comprises:
Based on fuzzy data, determine water head site safe class by fuzzy synthesis index, described safe class from high to low span is 1-5.
3. the water head site monitoring and evaluation method as described in claim 1-2 any one, is characterized in that, the remotely-sensed data of described observation satellite is the ccd data of a satellite HJ-1A/B of environment.
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