CN102565294A - Water source area monitoring and evaluation method - Google Patents
Water source area monitoring and evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102565294A CN102565294A CN2011100345569A CN201110034556A CN102565294A CN 102565294 A CN102565294 A CN 102565294A CN 2011100345569 A CN2011100345569 A CN 2011100345569A CN 201110034556 A CN201110034556 A CN 201110034556A CN 102565294 A CN102565294 A CN 102565294A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water source area monitoring and evaluation method comprising the steps that: S1, safety evaluations are carried out upon various evaluation indexes of a water source area according to ground water source area monitoring data, observation satellite remote sensing data, and auxiliary data thereof; S2, weight coefficients of the evaluation indexes of the water source area are calculated with an analytic hierarchy process; S3, a water source area safety grade is globally evaluated based on a fuzzy mathematic method, and an early warning mechanism and an emergency mechanism are established according to the evaluation result. According to the method provided by the invention, an air-ground coordination method is adopted, and observation satellite remote sensing data and ground monitoring data are combined, such that the distribution condition of the indexes used for evaluating the water source area safety is obtained; combined with the evaluation standards of the indexes, safety grades of the indexes are obtained; weight effects of the indexes are considered, and a global safety grade of the water source area can be obtained. Therefore, large-area land surface water source area monitoring and evaluation can be rapidly and conveniently realized, and effective complementation is provided for ground monitoring stations.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to potable water seedbed, face of land monitoring and evaluation technical field, relate in particular to a kind of water head site monitoring and evaluation method based on ground data and observation satellite remotely-sensed data.
Background technology
Along with China's economic society fast development, population sustainable growth and urbanization rate progressively improve; The environmental pressure that water head site faces enlarges markedly, and water quality is totally on a declining curve, even the part water source is because of deteriorating water quality; Have to change the intake position, or close water head site.At present, the sound development of basin water environment before receiving promising challenge, the especially sound development in basin potable water seedbed become the most important thing.
Potable water is as one type of of paramount importance water resource of purposes; Existing problems aspect water quality, the water yield and the resource management at present; Common people's drinking water safety has received serious threat; China is quite outstanding owing to water head site pollutes the social concern that causes, drinking water source protection problem has become the significant problem that involves the interests of the state and the people, and the Party Central Committee, State Council have given great attention.On June 11st, 2010; Environmental Protection Department is united together with National Development and Reform Commission, house town and country construction portion, Ministry of Water Resources and five departments of the Ministry of Public Health and has been printed and distributed " National urban drinking water source ground environmental protection plans (2008-2020) "; This is first drinking water source ground environmental protection plans of China; This work is intended to further grasp drinking water source ground environmental aspect; Strengthen control of drinking water source ground contamination and managerial ability construction, set up and improve water head site protection related art method, laws and regulations, solve the significant problem of harm drinking water safety at present; Conscientiously promote comprehensively carrying out of Drinking Water in China water head site protection work, and each item work of protecting for follow-up drinking water source ground lays the foundation.The enforcement of " planning " will effectively instruct various places to carry out environmental protection of drinking water source ground and prevention and cure of pollution work, further improve centralized drinking water source ground, China city environmental quality, promote water head site environmental management and water quality safety safeguard level.
From the check result of environmental protection special campaigns in 2008,113 key cities' potable water seedbed water quality reaching standard rates are still on the low side.See that from the major pollutants source dissimilar water head sites have separate sources.As in potable water seedbed not up to standard, storehouse, the lake main overstandard factor of type water head site is a total nitrogen, and the major pollutants source is life face source, agricultural area source and soil background.Show the basin pollution problem that has its source in of potable water seedbed environmental issue at present from the environmental protection special examination report that reports State Council.
China mainly carries out through setting up the Potable Water Conservation district the protection of potable water; The drinking water source protected location is a country for preventing and treating the drinking water source ground contamination, guarantee that the water head site environmental quality delimit, and requires the waters and the land-based area of certain area of in addition special protection.In fact; The problem of the many water quality and the ecosystem also all is on the level of basin, to take place; But only rely on the water head site protected location can not accomplish water head site is protected completely, the protected location is limited to the degree of protection of water head site, so for the water head site Environmental security; Not only need protect water head site, will consider that also level is monitored and managed from the basin simultaneously based on the protected location.The success or failure in protection surface water potable water seedbed largely depend on whether on the yardstick of basin, take control measure.
The monitoring of water head site at present mainly adopts the mode of " from bottom to top " to carry out, and by the statistics of establishment, gathers to superior unit step by step, and the time cycle that this monitoring method needs is longer, and workload is big, and cost is high.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters that (one) will solve
The technical matters that the present invention will solve is: provide a kind of can be fast, periodically the drinking water source is monitored, make full use of surface water body Monitoring Data and remotely-sensed data potable water seedbed, the face of land monitoring and evaluation method of advantage separately.
(2) technical scheme
For addressing the above problem, the invention provides a kind of water head site monitoring and evaluation method, the method comprising the steps of:
S1. the remotely-sensed data of combined ground water head site Monitoring Data and observation satellite and auxiliary data thereof are carried out safety evaluation to each evaluation index of water head site;
S2. utilize analytical hierarchy process, calculate the weight coefficient of each evaluation index of water head site;
S3. based on fuzzy mathematics method the water head site safe class is carried out the overall evaluation, and set up early warning mechanism and emergency mechanism based on evaluation result.
Wherein, step S1 further comprises:
S1.1 estimates water head site water quality safety index based on the remotely-sensed data of day water seedbed water quality measurement data and observation satellite;
S1.2 estimates water head site water yield safety index based on the remotely-sensed data of ground water yield data and observation satellite;
S1.3 estimates water head site basin water Environmental security index based on the remotely-sensed data and the auxiliary data thereof of observation satellite;
S1.4 estimates water head site environment ability to supervise index based on enquiry data.
3, water head site monitoring and evaluation method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, step S1.1 further comprises the evaluation to water quality classification, water eutrophication degree and water quality risk, wherein, the evaluation of water quality classification is further comprised step:
S1.111 confirms to characterize the index of these type of water body characteristics according to the water body characteristic of water head site;
S1.112 is divided three classes evaluation index according to the complexity of each index to human harm degree and processing elimination;
S1.113 calculates each evaluation of indexes index, on the basis of individual event evaluation number, calculates the evaluation of classification index, and carries out the calculating of water coning;
Evaluation to water body eutrophication degree further comprises step:
S1.121 carries out pre-service to the remotely-sensed data of observation satellite, comprises radiation calibration, geometric correction and atmosphere correction;
S1.122 carries out the water quality parametric inversion based on inverse model to the remotely-sensed data of pretreated observation satellite;
S1.123 estimates the eutrophication degree of water body based on the body eutrophication evaluation model;
Evaluation to the water quality risk further comprises:
S1.131 carries out the water quality risk identification based on the remotely-sensed data of observation satellite;
S1.132 carries out the risk assessment of water head site water quality based on the water quality risk evaluation model.
Wherein, Evaluation to water head site water yield safety index among the step S1.2 comprises: to the evaluation of water yield supply and demand ratio: according to the ground statistics; Calculate the available water of water body and the ratio of the amount of water required,, confirm the safe class of water supply capacity in conjunction with the water supply capacity evaluation model; And to the evaluation of water body Total Water: according to the remotely-sensed data of observation satellite; The water head site coverage of water is discerned; In conjunction with the relational model of the water surface area-storage capacity of water body, calculate the Total Water of water body, and the variation of the remotely-sensed data coverage of water through contrast different time observation satellite; Calculate the variation of the water yield in the setting-up time section, the water body Total Water is carried out safety evaluation.
Wherein, among the step S1.3 water head site basin water Environmental security index is comprised step before estimating: the remotely-sensed data of observation satellite is carried out radiation calibration, geometric correction and atmosphere correct pre-service, obtain the earth surface reflection rate data of remote sensing images;
Water head site basin water Environmental security index estimated comprises:
The soil is utilized situation evaluation: combine pretreated remotely-sensed data and ground investigation data; The characteristics that have different spectrum based on different atural objects; Carry out the identification and the extraction of different ground class to remote sensing images; According to the different characteristics on different ground type, utilize situation to carry out safety evaluation to the soil in water head site basin;
The vegetation coverage condition is estimated: according to the earth surface reflection rate data that pre-service obtains,, calculate vegetation coverage, and combine of the influence of different coverage vegetation, vegetation coverage is carried out safety evaluation aquatic attitude safety based on the quantitative remote sensing model;
The soil erosion situation is estimated: with the input data of said earth surface reflection rate data as Model of Soil Erosion, calculating watershed soil erosion amount, and, the soil erosion situation in basin is carried out safety evaluation according to of the influence of different water and soil numbers of dropouts to water body;
Source, opposite pollution condition is estimated: according to remotely-sensed data after the pre-service and ground statistics, based on the pollution of area source model, calculate water head site basin total phosphorus/total nitrogen TP/TN load; Calculate the environmental capacity of water head site water body, and based on environmental capacity, the pollution of area source in basin is carried out safety evaluation.
Wherein, water head site environment ability to supervise evaluation of indexes comprises among the step S1.4: to the evaluation of emergency response engineering, protected location mark facility, monitoring point setting and soft environment.
Wherein, step S3 further comprises: based on fuzzy data, confirm the water head site safe class through the fuzzy synthesis index, said safe class span from high to low is 1-5.
Wherein, the remotely-sensed data of said observation satellite is the ccd data of a satellite HJ-1A/B of environment.
(3) beneficial effect
Method of the present invention is utilized world Synergistic method, and the remotely-sensed datas such as ccd data of HJ-1A/B are combined with the ground monitoring data, obtains estimating the distribution situation of each index of water head site safety; Combine each evaluation of indexes standard again; Obtain the safe class of each index, consider the weight effect of each index, can obtain the overall safety grade at water source; Thereby can realize the monitoring and evaluation in large-scale surface water seedbed fast, easily, realize strong complementation with the ground monitoring station.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the water head site monitoring and evaluation method flow diagram according to one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the water head site monitoring and evaluation method monitoring and evaluation index system figure according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
The water head site monitoring and evaluation method that the present invention proposes specifies as follows in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment.
" No. one, environment " (HJ-1A/B) satellite system is the earth observation systems that is specifically designed to environment and disaster monitoring of State Council of the People's Republic of China's approval; Have optics, infrared, ultraphotic is composed multiple detection means, have on a large scale, round-the-clock, round-the-clock, dynamic environment and disaster monitoring ability.The HJ-1A/B sing data can not only provide important leverage for environment and mitigation service operation system, also will become the significant data source of a lot of departments day to day operation.Environment and mitigation application system based on the environmental satellite data are set up have important exemplary role to promoting the remote sensing satellite business service.The observation satellite of being mentioned among the present invention is preferably HJ-1A/B, and the remotely-sensed data of observation satellite refers to the ccd data of HJ-1A/B especially.
As shown in Figure 1, the water head site monitoring and evaluation method that accordings to one embodiment of the present invention comprises step:
S1. the ccd data of combined ground water head site Monitoring Data and HJ-1A/B and auxiliary data thereof are carried out safety evaluation to water head site, can get the safe class table of each evaluation index of water head site;
S2. utilize analytical hierarchy process, calculate the weight coefficient of each evaluation index of water head site, the table of grading of tie water seedbed safety evaluation can obtain the grade situation of water head site overall safety;
S3. based on fuzzy mathematics method the water head site safe class is carried out the overall evaluation, and set up early warning mechanism and emergency mechanism based on evaluation result.
Wherein, step S1 further comprises:
S1.1 estimates water head site water quality safety index based on the ccd data of day water seedbed water quality measurement data and HJ-1A/B;
S1.2 estimates water head site water yield safety index based on the ccd data of ground water yield data and HJ-1A/B;
S1.3 estimates water head site basin water Environmental security index based on ccd data and the auxiliary data thereof of HJ-1A/B;
S1.4 estimates water head site environment ability to supervise index based on enquiry data.
Step S1.1 is the detection to water head site water quality, through indexs such as water quality classification, eutrophication degree, water quality safety risk, the water quality safety situation of reaction water seedbed water body.Main monitoring content comprises: the frequency that different classes of water quality occurs in the monitoring phase, and the degree of body eutrophication influences the risk class of water quality safety; The monitoring purpose is to understand the basic condition of water head site water quality and safe class in the future, for water head site protection and corresponding security control provide foundation; According to required data source is ground water monitoring data and satellite data, considers that the actual conditions of water quality monitoring and remotely-sensed data obtain the cycle, monitoring frequency confirm as the water quality risk be per season once, other be every month once.Carrying out achievement through thematic map and specialist paper at last expresses.
Wherein, the evaluation to the water quality classification further comprises step:
S1.111 confirms to characterize the index of these type of water body characteristics according to the water body characteristic of water head site;
S1.112 is divided three classes evaluation index according to the complexity of each index to human harm degree and processing elimination;
S1.113 calculates each evaluation of indexes index, on the basis of individual event evaluation number, calculates the evaluation of classification index, and carries out the calculating of water coning;
Evaluation to water body eutrophication degree further comprises step:
S1.121 carries out pre-service to the CCD raw data of HJ-1A/B, comprises radiation calibration, geometric correction and atmosphere correction;
S1.122 is based on inverse model, and the ccd data of pretreated HJ-1A/B is carried out the water quality parametric inversion;
S1.123 estimates the eutrophication degree of water body based on the body eutrophication evaluation model;
Evaluation to the water quality risk further comprises:
S1.131 carries out the water quality risk identification based on the ccd data of HJ-1A/B;
S1.132 carries out the risk assessment of water head site water quality based on the water quality risk evaluation model.
Step S1.2 is the evaluation to water head site water yield safety index, and the monitoring content is mainly the satisfied frequency of using of the water yield in the monitoring phase, water body falling zone changes in distribution; The monitoring purpose is for understanding the basic condition and the variation tendency of the water head site water yield, for the safe class of confirming the water source provides foundation; The Monitoring Data source is ground statistics and satellite data, considers that data obtain situation, and monitoring frequency is for annually; Express through carrying out achievement at last with monitoring bulletin form.Estimate and mainly comprise:
Evaluation to water yield supply and demand ratio: according to the ground statistics, calculate the available water of water body and the ratio of the amount of water required,, confirm the safe class of water supply capacity in conjunction with the water supply capacity evaluation model; And to the evaluation of water body Total Water: according to the remotely-sensed data of observation satellite; The water head site coverage of water is discerned; In conjunction with the relational model of the water surface area-storage capacity of water body, calculate the Total Water of water body, and the variation of the remotely-sensed data coverage of water through contrast different time observation satellite; Calculate the variation of the water yield in the setting-up time section, the water body Total Water is carried out safety evaluation.
Step S1.3 is for comprising step before water head site basin water Environmental security index is estimated: the ccd data to HJ-1A/B carries out radiation calibration, geometric correction and atmosphere correction pre-service, obtains the earth surface reflection rate data of remote sensing images; Water head site basin water Environmental security index estimated comprise:, understanding water head site pollution of area source and potential risk, thereby formulate corresponding watershed management measure the monitoring of the utilization of soil, basin, vegetation covering, soil erosion and pollution of area source.The monitoring content mainly comprises soil utilization in the basin, vegetation covering, soil erosion, pollution of area source evaluation; The monitoring purpose is the index through reaction face source, basin situation, realizes the monitoring of face source to the influence of potable water seedbed, for the formulation policy provides foundation; Data monitored is a satellite remote sensing date, the tie surface checking.Monitoring frequency also can be monitored for annually as required; Carrying out achievement with thematic map with the form of monitoring bulletin expresses.
The evaluation of being carried out comprises:
The soil is utilized situation evaluation: the ccd data and the ground investigation data that combine pretreated HJ-1A/B; The characteristics that have different spectrum based on different atural objects; Carry out the identification and the extraction of different ground class to remote sensing images; According to the different characteristics on different ground type, utilize situation to carry out safety evaluation to the soil in water head site basin;
The vegetation coverage condition is estimated: according to the earth surface reflection rate data that pre-service obtains,, calculate vegetation coverage, and combine of the influence of different coverage vegetation, vegetation coverage is carried out safety evaluation aquatic attitude safety based on the quantitative remote sensing model;
The soil erosion situation is estimated: with the input data of said earth surface reflection rate data as Model of Soil Erosion, calculating watershed soil erosion amount, and, the soil erosion situation in basin is carried out safety evaluation according to of the influence of different water and soil numbers of dropouts to water body;
Source, opposite pollution condition is estimated: according to remotely-sensed data after the pre-service and ground statistics, based on the pollution of area source model, calculate water head site basin total phosphorus/total nitrogen (TP/TN) load; Calculate the environmental capacity of water head site water body, and based on environmental capacity, the pollution of area source in basin is carried out safety evaluation.
The evaluation index of water head site environment ability to supervise comprises among the step S1.4: the monitoring of emergency response engineering, protected location mark facility, monitoring point setting and soft environment etc., realize the understanding to water head site environment supervision security situation.Monitoring content: emergency response engineering, protected location mark facility, monitoring point setting, soft environment etc.; The monitoring purpose is to understand the complete situation of the corresponding monitoring measure of water head site, to supervise the water head site protection better; Consider that data monitored is the investigation of ground relevant departments, monitoring frequency is for annually; Carrying out achievement with the form of monitoring bulletin expresses.
The table of grading of the water head site safety evaluation that obtains through step S1 can be as shown in table 1 below:
Table 1 water head site safety evaluation index table of grading
(a) indicator layer
(b) rule layer
Among the step S2, to the weight coefficient of each evaluation index of water head site calculate come down to water head site respectively estimate confirming of factor influence degree, comprise following step:
S2.1 sets up hierarchy Model;
S2.2 constructs judgment matrix;
The S2.3 importance ranking;
The S2.4 consistency check.
Based on the weight coefficient of each evaluation index, the table of grading of tie water seedbed safety evaluation can obtain the grade situation of water head site overall safety, and the grade situation of the water head site overall safety that step S2 obtains can be as shown in table 2 below:
Table 2
| Safe class | I | II | III | IV | V |
| Degree of membership | 0.6 | 0.13 | 0.1643 | 0.097 | 0.0087 |
In step S3; On the basis to the evaluation of aspects such as potable water seedbed water quality, the water yield, water environment, environment supervision; Through water source safety evaluation index thoroughly evaluating is carried out in the security of water head site; Further understand the potential safety hazard of water head site, water head site is protected thereby formulate rational control measures.The monitoring content is for calculating water source safety evaluation index; The monitoring purpose is assay water head site safety, proposes further operative orientation.This is operated in and carries out on water quality, the water yield, water environment, the environment supervision basis, so frequency is decided to be annually.Carrying out achievement with the form of monitoring bulletin expresses.
Based on fuzzy data, confirm the water head site safe class through the fuzzy synthesis index, among the present invention preferred safe class from high to low span be 1-5.
As shown in Figure 2, method of the present invention along ' destination layer-＞accurate survey layer-＞indicator layer ' order, find out the low index of safe class, find potential safety hazard, analyze it and produce reason, formulate Corresponding Countermeasures, set up the early warning mechanism of water head site safety.
Above embodiment only is used to explain the present invention; And be not limitation of the present invention; The those of ordinary skill in relevant technologies field under the situation that does not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can also be made various variations and modification; Therefore all technical schemes that are equal to also belong to category of the present invention, and scope of patent protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. water head site monitoring and evaluation method is characterized in that the method comprising the steps of:
S1. the remotely-sensed data of combined ground water head site Monitoring Data and observation satellite and auxiliary data thereof are carried out safety evaluation to each evaluation index of water head site;
S2. utilize analytical hierarchy process, calculate the weight coefficient of each evaluation index of water head site;
S3. based on fuzzy mathematics method the water head site safe class is carried out the overall evaluation, and set up early warning mechanism and emergency mechanism based on evaluation result.
2. water head site monitoring and evaluation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that step S1 further comprises:
S1.1 estimates water head site water quality safety index based on the remotely-sensed data of day water seedbed water quality measurement data and observation satellite;
S1.2 estimates water head site water yield safety index based on the remotely-sensed data of ground water yield data and observation satellite;
S1.3 estimates water head site basin water Environmental security index based on the remotely-sensed data and the auxiliary data thereof of observation satellite;
S1.4 estimates water head site environment ability to supervise index based on enquiry data.
3. water head site monitoring and evaluation method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that step S1.1 further comprises the evaluation to water quality classification, water eutrophication degree and water quality risk, wherein, the evaluation of water quality classification is further comprised step:
S1.111 confirms to characterize the index of these type of water body characteristics according to the water body characteristic of water head site;
S1.112 is divided three classes evaluation index according to the complexity of each index to human harm degree and processing elimination;
S1.113 calculates each evaluation of indexes index, on the basis of individual event evaluation number, calculates the evaluation of classification index, and carries out the calculating of water coning;
Evaluation to water body eutrophication degree further comprises step:
S1.121 carries out pre-service to the remotely-sensed data of observation satellite, comprises radiation calibration, geometric correction and atmosphere correction;
S1.122 carries out the water quality parametric inversion based on inverse model to the remotely-sensed data of pretreated observation satellite;
S1.123 estimates the eutrophication degree of water body based on the body eutrophication evaluation model;
Evaluation to the water quality risk further comprises:
S1.131 carries out the water quality risk identification based on the remotely-sensed data of observation satellite;
S1.132 carries out the risk assessment of water head site water quality based on the water quality risk evaluation model.
4. water head site monitoring and evaluation method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the evaluation to water head site water yield safety index among the step S1.2 comprises:
Evaluation to water yield supply and demand ratio: according to the ground statistics, calculate the available water of water body and the ratio of the amount of water required,, confirm the safe class of water supply capacity in conjunction with the water supply capacity evaluation model; And
Evaluation to the water body Total Water: according to the remotely-sensed data of observation satellite; The water head site coverage of water is discerned; In conjunction with the relational model of the water surface area-storage capacity of water body, calculate the Total Water of water body, and the variation of the remotely-sensed data coverage of water through contrast different time observation satellite; Calculate the variation of the water yield in the setting-up time section, the water body Total Water is carried out safety evaluation.
5. water head site monitoring and evaluation method as claimed in claim 2; It is characterized in that; Among the step S1.3 water head site basin water Environmental security index is comprised step before estimating: the remotely-sensed data of observation satellite is carried out radiation calibration, geometric correction and atmosphere correct pre-service, obtain the earth surface reflection rate data of remote sensing images;
Water head site basin water Environmental security index estimated comprises:
The soil is utilized situation evaluation: combine pretreated remotely-sensed data and ground investigation data; The characteristics that have different spectrum based on different atural objects; Carry out the identification and the extraction of different ground class to remote sensing images; According to the different characteristics on different ground type, utilize situation to carry out safety evaluation to the soil in water head site basin;
The vegetation coverage condition is estimated: according to the earth surface reflection rate data that pre-service obtains,, calculate vegetation coverage, and combine of the influence of different coverage vegetation, vegetation coverage is carried out safety evaluation aquatic attitude safety based on the quantitative remote sensing model;
The soil erosion situation is estimated: with the input data of said earth surface reflection rate data as Model of Soil Erosion, calculating watershed soil erosion amount, and, the soil erosion situation in basin is carried out safety evaluation according to of the influence of different water and soil numbers of dropouts to water body;
Source, opposite pollution condition is estimated: according to remotely-sensed data after the pre-service and ground statistics, based on the pollution of area source model, calculate water head site basin total phosphorus/total nitrogen TP/TN load; Calculate the environmental capacity of water head site water body, and based on environmental capacity, the pollution of area source in basin is carried out safety evaluation.
6. water head site monitoring and evaluation method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, water head site environment ability to supervise evaluation of indexes comprises among the step S1.4: to the evaluation of emergency response engineering, protected location mark facility, monitoring point setting and soft environment.
7. water head site monitoring and evaluation method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that step S3 further comprises:
Based on fuzzy data, confirm the water head site safe class through the fuzzy synthesis index, said safe class span from high to low is 1-5.
8. like each described water head site monitoring and evaluation method of claim 1-7, it is characterized in that the remotely-sensed data of said observation satellite is the ccd data of a satellite HJ-1A/B of environment.
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