CN102564756B - Automobile transmission vibration analysis testing method and device - Google Patents

Automobile transmission vibration analysis testing method and device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102564756B
CN102564756B CN201110113203.8A CN201110113203A CN102564756B CN 102564756 B CN102564756 B CN 102564756B CN 201110113203 A CN201110113203 A CN 201110113203A CN 102564756 B CN102564756 B CN 102564756B
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vibration
automotive transmission
motor
load
speed
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CN102564756A (en
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尚文利
胡国良
周晓锋
姚秀琴
史海波
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Shenyang Institute of Automation of CAS
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Shenyang Institute of Automation of CAS
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Abstract

The invention discloses an automobile transmission vibration analysis testing method and an automobile transmission vibration analysis testing device. The automobile transmission vibration analysis testing device comprises a base, a master control module, a frequency converter, a speed regulator, a driving motor, a load DC (direct current) motor, an automobile transmission, an industrial personal computer, a data acquisition card and a counting card. A power supply conversion module is adopted to supply power to other modules; the frequency converter is adopted to control and regulate the rotating speed of the driving motor; a load resistor and generator speed regulation box is adopted to regulate and control the torque of the load motor; the basic base and a shock pad are adopted to support; the shock pad is adopted to isolate vibration between the automobile transmission and the base; an elastic pin coupling is adopted to connect the automobile transmission with the motor and isolate vibration signals; and a vibration acceleration sensor is adopted to acquire the vibration signal of an automobile transmission shell. The testing method and the control device have high integration level, strong device expansibility and low cost and can be used for effectively simulating the basic operation of the automobile transmission, effectively acquiring the vibration and rotating speed signals of the automobile transmission and providing a simulated fault diagnosis analysis.

Description

Automobile transmission vibration analysis testing method and device
Technical field
The present invention relates to automobile transmission vibration analysis experimental technique, specifically a kind of automobile transmission vibration analysis testing method and device.
Background technology
Automotive transmission is in production and assembling process, also exist in a large number owing to manufacturing and assembling the quality problems that the reason such as bad causes, new cars transmission failure form is mainly reflected in gear, the manufacture of axle part and rigging error, as eccentric in profile of tooth deviation, gear manufacture error, assembling and gear teeth burr etc.From Technical innova-tion and quality control, tracking angle, reviewer must by last quality inspection link, find the quality problems existed, and wish failure cause to be navigated to concrete inoperative component, namely the assembling process fault diagnosis of part level is realized, to improving automotive transmission quality control level and ensureing that product quality is very important.
Automotive transmission fault can be detected by the method for abnormal vibrations noise being carried out to analysis of spectrum.Due to the process (comprise reverse gear, most low gear to the raising speed of each gear of top gear and down speeding procedure) that testing process is a variable motion, so the method for order analysis of spectrum is adopted at large.
Order analysis is one of most important method of rotary body mechanical vibration monitoring and fault diagnosis, order analysis based on resampling principle realizes signal from a kind of signal processing method sampling equiangular sampling when waiting, and it mainly can solve the overlapping difficulty brought of the harmonic component produced because of the fluctuation of speed.
Automobile transmission vibration analysis and fault diagnosis software adopt order analysis principle to develop, and carry out the tach signal that order analysis needs synchronous acquisition automobile speed variator vibration signal and input shaft.
In manufacture and exploit automobile transmission vibration analysis and fault diagnosis software process, need correctness and the reliability of the vibration signal split axle of checking and test development, Synchronous time average, FFT Fourier transform, order spectrum scheduling algorithm.In actual mechanical process, carry out testing on the automotive transmission at Client application scene is comprehensive performance test bed all there is more difficulty in time, cost and customer satisfaction etc.In addition, use the automotive transmission of the marketization comprehensive performance test bedly to carry out software test in laboratory environments, its cost is also higher.
At present, the patented claim situation of this respect is not yet retrieved.Therefore, under being necessary that manufacture and exploit is applicable to testing laboratory's environment, carry out the simulator stand of automobile transmission vibration analysis software reliability test, its should have cost low, can the feature such as the basic running environment of simulated automotive variator.
Summary of the invention
For above shortcomings in prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cost is low, integrated level is high, device extendability strong, can realize the basic running environment of simulated automotive variator, provide the operating mode function such as raising speed, reduction of speed, loading, zero load, different gears a kind of automobile transmission vibration analysis testing method and device.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of vibration analysis test device of automobile speed changer, comprising: a base, top control module, frequency converter, speed regulator, drive motor, load DC motor, automotive transmission, industrial computer, data collecting card, numbered card; Described top control module output terminal is connected with frequency converter, is also connected with governing box; Described frequency converter is connected with automotive transmission by drive motor; Described governing box is connected with automotive transmission by load DC motor; Described drive motor one end is provided with scrambler, and the other end is provided with shaft coupling, is connected with automotive transmission by this shaft coupling; Described automotive transmission is provided with vibration acceleration sensor, and described automotive transmission is connected with load DC motor by shaft coupling; Described data collecting card is connected with automotive transmission by vibration acceleration sensor; Described numbered card is connected with drive motor by scrambler; Described industrial computer is connected with data collecting card and numbered card by pci bus; Described base is provided with load DC motor, automotive transmission, drive motor.
Beam is provided with between described base and automotive transmission.
Square opening is offered in the middle of described base and beam; Described vibration acceleration sensor is pasted on bottom automotive transmission through this square opening, realizes the data acquisition of automotive transmission vibration signal.
Described shaft coupling is elastic dowel pin shaft coupling; Connect automotive transmission and drive motor, load DC motor, ensure that automotive transmission and drive motor, load DC motor in synchrony rotate.
Described data acquisition unit comprises data collecting card and numbered card; Realize the synchronous data collection of vibration signal and tach signal; Adopt scrambler measured automobiles transmission input shaft tach signal, adopt vibration acceleration sensor to gather automobile speed variator vibration signal.
A kind of automobile transmission vibration analysis testing method, comprises the steps:
The first step, realizes frequency converter, the startup of drive motor and stopping by top control module;
Second step, realizes governing box, the startup of load DC motor and stopping by top control module;
3rd step, by Frequency Converter Control and vehicles transmission input shaft rotating speed, realizes raising speed and the down speeding procedure of automotive transmission;
4th step, by the moment of torsion of governing box control load direct current generator;
5th step, manual adjustments automotive transmission gear, under realizing different gear, vibration analysis is tested;
6th step, data acquisition completes the automotive transmission vibration signal of raising speed, reduction of speed, loading, idle condition and data acquisition of tach signal under different gear.
Also comprise the steps, data acquisition unit synchronous acquisition automotive transmission is raising speed, reduction of speed, loading, unloaded vibration and tach signal under different gear, is transferred in industrial computer carry out data storage, data analysis by pci bus.
Advantage of the present invention:
1, can the basic running environment of simulated automotive variator.Drive motor simulated engine inputs, load DC motor simulation differential mechanism, automotive wheel even load.Automotive transmission analog input rotating speed can reach 3000rpm, realistic automotive transmission service condition.
2, cost is low.This testing table adopts minicar variator to carry out dry run test, drive motor and load DC power of motor all less, cost is lower on the whole.
3, care and maintenance is easy to.Adopt shaft coupling etc. to carry out modularization connection, the testing table ingredient such as motor, shaft coupling, automotive transmission of conveniently replaced damage, use product market being comparatively easy to buy in lectotype selection, bulk testing platform for ease of maintenaince and safeguard.Be convenient to the replacing between qualified automotive transmission and lemon car variator, for gathering master sample and fault sample simultaneously.
4, load working load direct current generator of the present invention realizes.Use Dyn. as load, relative to mechanical torque mode of loading, there is lower cost.
5, the present invention can collect good automotive transmission vibration signal.Use elastic dowel pin shaft coupling and beam etc. to realize the isolation of automotive transmission and other vibration signal, effectively reduce the interference of other factors to automotive transmission vibration signals collecting, be conducive to fault diagnosis software and vibration signal is analyzed.
6, the present invention meets the primary demand of vibration analysis and fault diagnosis software reliability testing.Testing table adopts micro-type manual automotive transmission to carry out dry run, can the correctness of Validity Test vibration analysis and fault diagnosis software algorithm and reliability.The software algorithm of test is equally applicable to other automotive transmissions such as autonomous driving vehicle variator.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is vibration analysis test device of automobile speed changer block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is vibration analysis test device of automobile speed changer structural drawing of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram of data acquisition system (DAS) in automobile transmission vibration analysis testing method of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of vibration analysis test device of automobile speed changer, comprising: a base 14, top control module 1, frequency converter 2, speed regulator 6, drive motor 11, load DC motor 7, automotive transmission 8, industrial computer 3, data collecting card 5, numbered card 4; Described top control module 1 output terminal is connected with frequency converter 2, is also connected with governing box 6; Described frequency converter 2 is connected with automotive transmission 8 by drive motor 11; Frequency converter 2, controls and regulates drive motor 11 rotating speed.Described governing box is connected with automotive transmission 8 by load DC motor 7; Speed regulator 6, controlling and adjustment load DC motor 7 moment of torsion; Described automotive transmission 8, for vibration analysis and fault diagnosis software test; Drive motor 11, simulated automotive variator 8 power inputs, and drives automotive transmission 8 input shaft.
Described drive motor 11 one end is provided with scrambler 12, and the other end is provided with shaft coupling, is connected with automotive transmission 8 by this shaft coupling; Described automotive transmission 8 is provided with vibration acceleration sensor, and described automotive transmission 8 is connected with load DC motor 7 by shaft coupling; Described data collecting card 5 is connected with automotive transmission 8 by vibration acceleration sensor; Described numbered card 4 is connected with drive motor 11 by scrambler 12; Described industrial computer 3 is connected with data collecting card 5 and numbered card 4 by pci bus; Described base 14 is provided with load DC motor 7, automotive transmission 8, drive motor 11.Beam 13 is provided with between described base 14 and automotive transmission 8.Square opening is offered in the middle of described base 14 and beam 13; Described vibration acceleration sensor is pasted through this square opening and bottom automotive transmission 8, realizes the data acquisition of automotive transmission 8 vibration signal.Described shaft coupling 10 is elastic dowel pin shaft coupling 10; Connect automotive transmission 8 and drive motor 11, load DC motor 7, ensure automotive transmission 8 and drive motor 11, load DC motor 7 synchronous rotary.Described speed regulator 6 output terminal is connected to voltage dependent resistor (VDR), prevents from damaging speed regulator 6 thyristor during overvoltage under inductive load.
Described data acquisition unit comprises data collecting card 5 and numbered card 4; Realize the synchronous data collection of vibration signal and tach signal; Adopt scrambler 12 measured automobiles variator 8 input shaft tach signal, adopt vibration acceleration sensor to gather automotive transmission 8 hull vibration signal.
A kind of automobile transmission vibration analysis testing method, comprises the steps:
The first step, realizes frequency converter 2, the startup of drive motor 11 and stopping by top control module 1;
Second step, realizes governing box, the startup of load DC motor 7 and stopping by top control module 1;
3rd step, is controlled and vehicles variator 8 input shaft rotating speed by frequency converter 2, realizes raising speed and the down speeding procedure of automotive transmission 8;
4th step, by the moment of torsion of governing box control load direct current generator 7;
5th step, manual adjustments automotive transmission 8 gear, under realizing different gear, vibration analysis is tested;
6th step, data acquisition completes automotive transmission 8 vibration signal of raising speed, reduction of speed, loading, idle condition and data acquisition of tach signal under different gear.
Also comprise the steps, the vibration of data acquisition unit synchronous acquisition automotive transmission 8 under the operating modes such as raising speed, reduction of speed, loading, zero load, different gears and tach signal, transferred in industrial computer 3 by pci bus and carry out data storage, data analysis.
As shown in Figure 2, the theory calculate of lectotype selection in automotive transmission 8 vibration analysis test set is according to as follows:
(1) selection of automotive transmission 8: automotive transmission 8 generally selects the minicar variator 8 with input shaft, intermediate shaft and output shaft, can meet software test test basic demand.The green hill MR406 automotive transmission 8 selecting green hill, Chongqing to produce in this test unit, its basic parameter is as follows:
Maximum input torque 56.74Nm
Maximum input speed 5500rpm
Each shelves speed ratio: 1 grade 3.428,2 grade 2.108,3 grade 1.379,4 grade 1.00, reverse gear 3.600
Version: four drive shifts, a reverse gear and synchronize fully
Overall size: 453.5 × 325 × 285
Gear changing mode: drag-line, hand shift
Weight 22.5kg.
(2) selection of drive motor 11: according to the parameter of automotive transmission 8, the power of drive motor 11 is desirable less, also can reduce unnecessary waste, can choose the motor that power is 2KW.Meanwhile, use frequency converter 2 speed governing, make its actuating speed be 2000 ~ 3000r/min.Choosing drive motor 11 model is Y90L-2, and its basic parameter is as follows:
Rated power: 2.2 kilowatts
Rated voltage: 380 volts
Rated speed: 2840 revs/min
Rated current: 4.7 amperes
Torque capacity/nominal torque: 2.3.
(3) selection of shaft coupling 10:
Use shaft coupling 10 between drive motor 11 and automotive transmission 8, in order to separating vibration and impact, select elastic dowel pin shaft coupling 10.
Nominal torque: T max = 9.55 * 10 6 P n = 9.55 * 106 * 20 / 2000 = 95.5 * 103 ( N . mm )
In this situation, torque change is less, and working condition COEFFICIENT K A gets 1.3, then calculating torque is:
T ca=K A*T=1.3*95.5*103N.mm=124.15N.m
The torque allowable of the TL6 type rubbercushioned sleeve bearing coupling 10 looked into from GB4323-84 is 250N.m, and maximum (top) speed allowable is 3800r/min, and the diameter of axle is between 32-42mm, therefore share.
(4) selection of load DC motor 7
The power of load DC motor 7 and rotating speed carry out reference according to the rated power being greater than drive motor 11 and choose.Z2-32 direct current generator chosen by load DC motor 7, and its rated power is 2.2kw, and rated speed is 1500r/min.
(5) selection of vibration acceleration sensor: the range of speeds of automotive transmission 8 is between 1500 revs/min to 3600 revs/min.Namely the speed-frequency maximal value of source vibration signal is probably at about 60Hz.About the maximum order analyzed is 150 rank, the vibration frequency maximal value so measured is about 9KHz, and this is the important indicator selecting vibration transducer.Select Lanace acceleration transducer built-in ICP formula acceleration transducer.Its feature comprises Low ESR and exports, and anti-noise and in terfer-ence I carries out long range propagation; Cost performance height is easy for installation; Stability is high, anti-dust, moist, anti-harmful gas.
Design parameter is as follows:
Model: LC0154T
Sensitivity: 250mV/g
Frequency range: 0.2-7700Hz
Weight: 32gm
Range: 20g
(6) selection of data collecting card 5: vibration signals collecting calorie requirement meets three conditions, and suitable sample frequency and precision, possess certain signal condition ability, possess the function of synchronization timing.
The sample frequency of simulating signal is determined by the highest order two parameters of maximum speed and analysis.For sound and vibration signals collecting, sampling rate draws according to following formula: sampling rate=2.56 × the highest calculating order × maximum speed (RPM)/60.
Built-in circuit formula acceleration transducer needs direct current supply and frequency overlapped-resistable filter two kinds of signal condition functions.
Order analysis needs synchronous acquisition vibration signal and rotating speed timing signal.
Based on these three standards, have selected the product P CI-4474 dynamic signal acquisition card of American National instrument (NI) company production and the PCI-6601 counter of NI company.
As shown in Figure 3, tach signal synchronous data collection step is vibrated in automobile transmission vibration analysis testing method and device as follows:
First, by the rotating speed of PCI-6601 card Real-Time Monitoring transmission input shaft, when rotating speed reach collection require time, start PCI-6601 card and start acquisition tasks, and the acquisition tasks of startup PCI-4474 card subsequently.The PCI-6601 card first started is not start collecting work immediately, but the trigger pip sent while waiting for PCI-4474 card start-up, and after receiving the trigger pip that PCI-4474 transmitted by RTSI data line, two pieces of cards start synchronous acquisitions.In gatherer process, PCI-6601 cartoon crosses the circulation cumulative pulse number at every turn read from hardware buffer district in real time, when reaching preset value, just exits circulation, thus make two pieces of capture cards stop reading from hardware buffer district subsequent acquisition to data, terminate acquisition tasks afterwards.

Claims (2)

1. a vibration analysis test device of automobile speed changer, is characterized in that:
Comprise:
One base, top control module, frequency converter, speed regulator, drive motor, load DC motor, automotive transmission, industrial computer, data collecting card, numbered card;
Described top control module output terminal is connected with frequency converter, is also connected with governing box;
Described frequency converter is connected with automotive transmission by drive motor;
Described governing box is connected with automotive transmission by load DC motor;
Described drive motor one end is provided with scrambler, and the other end is provided with shaft coupling, is connected with automotive transmission by this shaft coupling;
Described automotive transmission is provided with vibration acceleration sensor, and described automotive transmission is connected with load DC motor by shaft coupling;
Described data collecting card is connected with automotive transmission by vibration acceleration sensor;
Described numbered card is connected with drive motor by scrambler;
Described industrial computer is connected with data collecting card and numbered card by pci bus;
Described base is provided with load DC motor, automotive transmission, drive motor;
Beam is provided with between described base and automotive transmission;
Square opening is offered in the middle of described base and beam; Described vibration acceleration sensor is pasted on bottom automotive transmission through this square opening, realizes the data acquisition of automotive transmission vibration signal;
Described shaft coupling is elastic dowel pin shaft coupling; Connect automotive transmission and drive motor, load DC motor, ensure that automotive transmission and drive motor, load DC motor in synchrony rotate;
Data acquisition unit comprises data collecting card and numbered card;
Realize the synchronous data collection of vibration signal and tach signal; Adopt scrambler measured automobiles transmission input shaft tach signal, adopt vibration acceleration sensor to gather automobile speed variator vibration signal.
2., to the automobile transmission vibration analysis testing method that vibration analysis test device of automobile speed changer according to claim 1 carries out, it is characterized in that:
Comprise the steps:
The first step, realizes frequency converter, the startup of drive motor and stopping by top control module;
Second step, realizes governing box, the startup of load DC motor and stopping by top control module;
3rd step, by Frequency Converter Control and vehicles transmission input shaft rotating speed, realizes raising speed and the down speeding procedure of automotive transmission;
4th step, by the moment of torsion of governing box control load direct current generator;
5th step, manual adjustments automotive transmission gear, under realizing different gear, vibration analysis is tested;
6th step, data acquisition completes the automotive transmission vibration signal of raising speed, reduction of speed, loading, idle condition and data acquisition of tach signal under different gear;
Also comprise the steps, data acquisition unit synchronous acquisition automotive transmission is raising speed, reduction of speed, loading, unloaded vibration and tach signal under different gear, is transferred in industrial computer carry out data storage, data analysis by pci bus;
Vibration tach signal synchronous data collection step is as follows:
First, by the rotating speed of PCI-6601 counter Real-Time Monitoring transmission input shaft, when rotating speed reach collection require time, start PCI-6601 counter and start acquisition tasks, and start the acquisition tasks of PCI-4474 dynamic signal acquisition card subsequently; The PCI-6601 counter first started is not start collecting work immediately, but the trigger pip sent while waiting for PCI-4474 dynamic signal acquisition card start-up, receive PCI-4474 dynamic signal acquisition cartoon cross RTSI data line transmit trigger pip after, two pieces card start synchronous acquisitions; In gatherer process, PCI-6601 counter, by the circulation cumulative pulse number read from hardware buffer district in real time at every turn, when reaching preset value, just exits circulation, thus make two pieces of capture cards stop reading from hardware buffer district subsequent acquisition to data, terminate acquisition tasks afterwards.
CN201110113203.8A 2010-12-31 2011-05-04 Automobile transmission vibration analysis testing method and device Expired - Fee Related CN102564756B (en)

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