CN102560902A - Method for producing viscose cellulose spun-laid nonwoven - Google Patents
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- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000004747 spunlaid nonwoven Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
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- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethanedithioic acid Chemical compound CCOC(S)=S ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及化学纤维制造技术，具体为一种粘胶纤维素纺丝液经湿法纺丝后直接进行水刺成网得到非织造布的制造技术。The invention relates to a chemical fiber manufacturing technology, in particular to a manufacturing technology of viscose cellulose spinning solution which is wet-spun and directly hydroentangled to obtain a non-woven fabric.
背景技术 Background technique
纤维素纤维是一类应用广泛的再生天然纤维，具有优良的吸湿性、透气性、不产生静电、染色性好等特点。目前纤维素长纤维的生产方法主要有粘胶法、铜氨法、纤维素氨基甲酸酯法和新溶剂法等。铜氨法和纤维素氨基甲酸酯法在实际生产中的应用较少。粘胶法和以Lyocell纤维为代表的新溶剂法是应用较多的生产工艺。Lyocell纤维是将纤维素溶于溶剂NMMO后直接进行湿法纺丝，对环境的污染小。由于溶剂NMMO要回收循环使用，所以对设备的要求较高。粘胶法是将天然纤维用烧碱、二硫化碳处理，得到橙黄色的纤维素黄原酸钠，再溶解在稀氢氧化钠溶液中，成为粘稠的纺丝原液，经湿法纺丝后得到纤维素纤维。尽管在生产过程中会用到有毒的二硫化碳，需对三废(废气、废水和废渣)进行处理，但该法仍是目前纤维素纤维主要的生产加工方式之一。Cellulose fiber is a kind of regenerated natural fiber widely used, which has the characteristics of excellent hygroscopicity, air permeability, no static electricity, and good dyeing property. At present, the production methods of cellulose long fibers mainly include viscose method, copper ammonia method, cellulose carbamate method and new solvent method. The copper ammonia method and the cellulose urethane method are rarely used in actual production. The viscose method and the new solvent method represented by Lyocell fiber are the most widely used production processes. Lyocell fiber is directly wet-spun after dissolving cellulose in the solvent NMMO, which has little pollution to the environment. Since the solvent NMMO needs to be recovered and recycled, the requirements for equipment are relatively high. The viscose method is to treat the natural fiber with caustic soda and carbon disulfide to obtain orange-yellow cellulose xanthate sodium, which is then dissolved in dilute sodium hydroxide solution to become a viscous spinning stock solution, and the fiber is obtained after wet spinning vegan fiber. Although toxic carbon disulfide is used in the production process and the three wastes (exhaust gas, waste water and waste residue) need to be treated, this method is still one of the main production and processing methods of cellulose fiber at present.
经上述方法得到的纤维素长丝切断为短纤维后，经梳理铺网，再经过不同的加工手段，如针刺、水刺或热轧对纤维网进行加固可制得非织造布。中国专利200610016426.1报道了一种含有羟乙基壳聚糖、蚕丝蛋白改性的粘胶纤维素短纤维经高速喷射的水流使纤维重新排列、相互缠绕，加工成水刺非织造布的方法。利用聚合物长丝也可直接加工成非织造布。目前常用的方法有熔喷法和纺粘法，这两种方法仅适用于可熔融加工的聚合物。中国专利94114917.X报道了一种用高压流体射流处理聚酰胺和聚酯的混合物长丝，使之发生有效的缠结和交联，进而加工成非织造布的生产方法。美国专利3833438报道了将铜氨法纤维素纺丝液经湿法纺丝后在负压下形成非织造布的方法。美国专利6221487报道了Lyocell纤维素纺丝液经离心纺丝或溶液纺丝后经热粘合直接加工成非织造布的方法。这种Lyocell纤维直接加工成非织造布的技术，改善了以往纤维素长丝卷曲度小的缺点。由此得到的纤维细度小，卷曲度增加，光泽度减小，湿态摩擦时的原纤化现象减弱，使得纤维在湿态下的起球现象和染色时的雾化现象减弱。After the cellulose filaments obtained by the above method are cut into short fibers, they are carded and laid out, and then reinforced by different processing methods, such as needle punching, spunlace or hot rolling, to obtain nonwoven fabrics. Chinese patent 200610016426.1 reports a method in which short viscose cellulose fibers containing hydroxyethyl chitosan and silk protein modified are rearranged and intertwined by high-speed jets of water, and processed into spunlace nonwovens. Polymer filaments can also be directly processed into nonwoven fabrics. Currently commonly used methods are meltblown and spunbond, which are only suitable for melt-processable polymers. Chinese patent 94114917.X reports a production method for processing polyamide and polyester mixture filaments with high-pressure fluid jets to effectively entangle and crosslink them, and then process them into nonwoven fabrics. US Patent No. 3,833,438 reports a method of forming a nonwoven fabric under negative pressure after wet-spinning cuprammonium cellulose spinning solution. US Patent No. 6,221,487 reports a method in which Lyocell cellulose spinning solution is directly processed into a nonwoven fabric through thermal bonding after centrifugal spinning or solution spinning. This technology of directly processing Lyocell fibers into nonwoven fabrics has improved the shortcomings of the previous cellulose filaments with small curls. The fiber fineness thus obtained is small, the curl degree is increased, the gloss is reduced, and the fibrillation phenomenon during wet friction is weakened, so that the pilling phenomenon of the fiber under wet state and the atomization phenomenon during dyeing are weakened.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提出一种粘胶纤维素纺丝液经湿法纺丝后直接水刺成网加工成非织造布的方法。The purpose of the present invention is to propose a method of directly hydroentangling the viscose cellulose spinning liquid into a nonwoven fabric after wet spinning.
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现：一种粘胶纤维素非织造布的制造方法，其特征在于采用以下工艺步骤：一种粘胶纤维素纺丝液经喷丝头挤出、空气浴牵伸后垂直进入一个水平运行的传送带装置，传送带上方喷洒凝固浴，凝固成型后的纤维被输送进入水刺非织造布加工装置，在高压水流的喷射下重新排列、相互缠绕，形成非织造布。The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a manufacturing method of viscose cellulose nonwoven fabric, characterized in that the following process steps are adopted: a viscose cellulose spinning solution is extruded through a spinneret, air bath After drafting, it enters into a horizontal conveyor belt device vertically, and a coagulation bath is sprayed on the conveyor belt, and the coagulated and formed fibers are transported into the spunlace nonwoven fabric processing device, rearranged and intertwined under the jet of high-pressure water to form a nonwoven fabric .
所述的粘胶纺丝液是以天然纤维素浆粕为原料，用氢氧化钠、二硫化碳处理后得到的橙黄色的纤维素黄原酸钠，再溶解在稀氢氧化钠溶液中形成的粘稠的纺丝原液。The viscose spinning solution is made of natural cellulose pulp, treated with sodium hydroxide and carbon disulfide to obtain orange-yellow cellulose xanthate, and then dissolved in dilute sodium hydroxide solution to form viscose. Thick spinning dope.
所述的粘胶纤维素纺丝液的挤出速度为0.1-50g/min。粘胶纤维素纺丝液的挤出速度越快，单位时间内经喷丝头挤出的纺丝液越多，纤维的直径越粗，这就使纤维芯层的凝固成型变得困难，因而需要严格控制后续的凝固过程才能获得结构均匀的纤维。粘胶纤维素纺丝液的挤出速度太慢，则纤维直径较细，很容易发生断头现象，不利于获得稳定的纺丝过程。优选的粘胶纤维素纺丝液的挤出速度为0.1-10g/min。The extrusion speed of the viscose cellulose spinning solution is 0.1-50 g/min. The faster the extrusion speed of viscose cellulose spinning solution is, the more spinning solution is extruded through the spinneret per unit time, and the diameter of the fiber is thicker, which makes it difficult to solidify the fiber core layer, so it is necessary to Strictly controlling the subsequent solidification process can obtain fibers with uniform structure. If the extrusion speed of viscose cellulose spinning solution is too slow, the fiber diameter will be thinner, which is prone to end breakage, which is not conducive to obtaining a stable spinning process. The preferred extrusion speed of the viscose cellulose spinning solution is 0.1-10 g/min.
所述的粘胶纺丝液经喷丝头挤出后，进入0.05-2m长的空气浴。粘胶纺丝液从喷丝头挤出后在空气浴中冷却，细化，使粘胶初生纤维获得一定的强度。空气浴长度太短，则粘胶纤维素初生纤维的强度降低，影响后续的加工性能；空气浴长度太长，获得的初生纤维的皮层结构增多，纤维强度增大，但会使纤维芯层在后续的凝固浴中的凝固速度减慢，使纤维的整体性能下降。空气浴长度优选为0.2-1m，这时可获得较好的纤维性能。After the viscose spinning solution is extruded through the spinneret, it enters a 0.05-2m long air bath. After the viscose spinning solution is extruded from the spinneret, it is cooled in an air bath and thinned, so that the viscose primary fiber can obtain a certain strength. If the length of the air bath is too short, the strength of the viscose cellulose primary fiber will decrease, which will affect the subsequent processing performance; The rate of coagulation in subsequent coagulation baths slows down, reducing the overall properties of the fiber. The length of the air bath is preferably 0.2-1 m, and better fiber properties can be obtained at this time.
所述的传送带的运行速度为5-50m/min。传送带的运行速度影响粘胶纤维素在传送带上的停留时间。传送带的速度越快，粘胶纤维素在传送带上的停留时间越短，凝固浴对纤维的凝固时间就越短，纤维的固化程度较低，强度较差；反之，传送带的速度越慢，粘胶纤维素在传送带上的停留时间越长，则纤维的凝固程度较高，强度较好，但需要消耗大量的凝固浴。优选的传送带速度为5-20m/min。The running speed of the conveyor belt is 5-50m/min. The running speed of the conveyor belt affects the residence time of viscose cellulose on the conveyor belt. The faster the speed of the conveyor belt, the shorter the residence time of viscose cellulose on the conveyor belt, the shorter the coagulation time of the coagulation bath for the fiber, the lower the degree of solidification of the fiber, and the lower the strength; The longer the glue cellulose stays on the conveyor belt, the higher the coagulation degree of the fiber and the better the strength, but it needs to consume a large amount of coagulation bath. The preferred conveyor belt speed is 5-20m/min.
所述的凝固浴组成为含有45％(NH4)2SO4的10％的H2SO4溶液。The composition of the coagulation bath is 10% H 2 SO 4 solution containing 45% (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 .
所述的凝固浴温度为30-40℃。凝固浴温度越高，粘胶纤维素的凝固速度就越快；反之，则粘胶纤维素的凝固速度就越慢，纤维的力学性能变差。The temperature of the coagulation bath is 30-40°C. The higher the temperature of the coagulation bath, the faster the coagulation speed of viscose cellulose; on the contrary, the slower the coagulation speed of viscose cellulose, and the worse the mechanical properties of the fiber.
所述的凝固浴的喷淋速度为0.05-1L/min。凝固浴的喷淋速度越快，粘胶纤维素的固化程度越高；反之，粘胶纤维素的固化程度就越低，纤维的强度就越低。优选的凝固浴的喷淋速度为0.1-0.5L/min。The spray speed of the coagulation bath is 0.05-1L/min. The faster the spray speed of the coagulation bath, the higher the degree of solidification of viscose cellulose; on the contrary, the lower the degree of solidification of viscose cellulose, the lower the strength of the fiber. The spray speed of the preferred coagulation bath is 0.1-0.5L/min.
所述的水刺非织造布加工装置的水刺压力为40×105Pa。The spunlace pressure of the spunlace nonwoven fabric processing device is 40×10 5 Pa.
粘胶纤维素湿法纺丝水刺成网得到的非织造布的综合性能主要靠调节纺丝液挤出速度、空气浴长度、传送带速度、凝固浴温度、凝固浴喷淋速度等工艺参数来获得。The comprehensive performance of the nonwoven fabric obtained by viscose cellulose wet spinning and spunlace is mainly determined by adjusting the process parameters such as the extrusion speed of the spinning solution, the length of the air bath, the speed of the conveyor belt, the temperature of the coagulation bath, and the spray speed of the coagulation bath. get.
本发明的优越性在于：本发明提出一种粘胶纺丝液经湿法纺丝后，直接进行水刺加工形成非织造布的方法。本发明所述的粘胶纤维素湿法纺丝工艺、水刺非织造布加工工艺本身为现有技术。本发明所述的粘胶纤维素非织造布制造方法，是将原有的粘胶纤维素经湿法纺丝后形成的粘胶长丝切断为短纤维、然后再将短纤维水刺成网加工成非织造布这两个工艺过程合并为一个工艺过程。本发明所述的方法是在原有粘胶纤维素湿法纺丝和非织造水刺成网工艺基础上进行的设备调整和工艺创新，对原有设备的改动小，因而具有占地面积小、操作简单、成本低的特点，易于进行技术推广。与由粘胶短纤维直接水刺成网得到的非织造布相比，本发明得到的非织造布的纤维直径较细，直径变易度增大，卷曲度增加，光泽柔和。与通过其它非织造布加工方法得到的粘胶非织造布相比，利用本发明所述方法得到的粘胶非织造布，具有良好的强度、柔软性、吸湿性和抗静电性，结构蓬松，手感好。利用本发明所述的方法得到的粘胶纤维素非织造布，可进一步应用于电子擦拭布、卫生用品、革基布等领域。The advantage of the present invention is that: the present invention proposes a method in which the viscose spinning solution is wet-spun and directly subjected to hydroentangling to form a nonwoven fabric. The viscose cellulose wet spinning process and the spunlace nonwoven fabric processing process of the present invention are prior art. The method for manufacturing viscose cellulose nonwoven fabrics of the present invention is to cut the viscose filaments formed after the original viscose cellulose is wet-spun into short fibers, and then spunlace the short fibers into a web. The two processes of processing into nonwovens are combined into one process. The method of the present invention is equipment adjustment and process innovation based on the original viscose cellulose wet spinning and non-woven spunlaced netting process. The modification of the original equipment is small, so it has the advantages of small footprint, The characteristics of simple operation and low cost make it easy to carry out technical promotion. Compared with the non-woven fabric obtained by direct hydroentangling of viscose staple fibers, the non-woven fabric obtained by the present invention has a smaller fiber diameter, increased diameter variation, increased crimp, and soft luster. Compared with the viscose nonwoven fabric obtained by other nonwoven fabric processing methods, the viscose nonwoven fabric obtained by the method of the present invention has good strength, softness, hygroscopicity and antistatic property, and the structure is fluffy, Feel good. The viscose cellulose nonwoven fabric obtained by the method of the present invention can be further applied to the fields of electronic wiping cloth, sanitary products, leather base cloth and the like.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是粘胶纤维素湿法纺丝后直接水刺成网加工成非织造布的工艺流程图。Figure 1 is a process flow diagram of direct spunlacing of viscose cellulose into a nonwoven fabric after wet spinning.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合实施例进一步叙述本发明。Further describe the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment.
依工艺流程图所示，粘胶纤维素湿法纺丝后直接水刺成网加工成非织造布的工艺过程依次为：浆粕、碱纤维素、纤维素磺酸酯、粘胶、纺丝、成形、水刺、干燥、卷绕。According to the process flow chart, the process of viscose cellulose wet spinning into a nonwoven fabric is directly spun into a nonwoven fabric in sequence: pulp, alkali cellulose, cellulose sulfonate, viscose, spinning , forming, spunlace, drying, winding.
实施例中粘胶纤维素非织造布纤维直径的变异系数是指对50根纤维的直径求取平均值后计算得到的平均方差，用以描述纤维直径的均匀程度。变异系数越大，纤维的直径分布越宽，直径越不均匀。The coefficient of variation of the fiber diameter of the viscose cellulose nonwoven fabric in the embodiment refers to the average variance calculated after calculating the average value of the diameters of 50 fibers, and is used to describe the uniformity of the fiber diameter. The larger the coefficient of variation, the wider the fiber diameter distribution and the more uneven the diameter.
本发明未及之处适用于现有技术。The unreached parts of the present invention are applicable to the prior art.
以下给出本发明的具体实施例，本发明不受具体实施例的限制。The specific examples of the present invention are given below, and the present invention is not limited by the specific examples.
实施例一Embodiment one
将含粘胶纤维素9％的5％氢氧化钠溶液经过滤、脱泡后进行湿法纺丝，喷丝头挤出速度为0.8g/min。经喷丝头喷出的粘胶初生纤维通过50cm长的空气浴后，进入传送带，传送带速度为5m/min。传送带上方喷洒凝固浴，凝固浴组成为含40％(NH4)2SO4的10％的H2SO4溶液，温度为30℃，喷淋速度为0.1L/min。凝固成型的纤维再经高速喷射的水流缠绕成网后形成非织造布。纤维的平均直径5.2μm，变异系数为10.2％，纵向干强度为2.1CN/dtex。The 5% sodium hydroxide solution containing 9% viscose cellulose is filtered and defoamed, and then wet-spun, and the extrusion speed of the spinneret is 0.8 g/min. The viscose primary fibers ejected from the spinneret enter the conveyor belt after passing through a 50cm long air bath, and the conveyor belt speed is 5m/min. A coagulation bath is sprayed above the conveyor belt, the composition of the coagulation bath is 10% H 2 SO 4 solution containing 40% (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , the temperature is 30° C., and the spray speed is 0.1 L/min. The coagulated and shaped fibers are then wound into a web by high-speed jets of water to form a non-woven fabric. The average fiber diameter is 5.2μm, the coefficient of variation is 10.2%, and the longitudinal dry strength is 2.1CN/dtex.
实施例二Embodiment two
将含粘胶纤维素9％的5％氢氧化钠溶液经过滤、脱泡后进行湿法纺丝，喷丝头挤出速度为5g/min。经喷丝头喷出的粘胶初生纤维通过100cm长的空气浴后，进入传送带，传送带速度为10m/min。传送带上方喷洒凝固浴，凝固浴组成为含40％(NH4)2SO4的10％的H2SO4溶液，温度为35℃，喷淋速度为0.3L/min。凝固成型的纤维再经高速喷射的水流缠绕成网后形成非织造布。纤维的直径为13.2μm，变异系数为18.7％，纵向干强度为4.5CN/dtex。The 5% sodium hydroxide solution containing 9% viscose cellulose is filtered and defoamed and then wet-spun, and the extrusion speed of the spinneret is 5 g/min. The viscose primary fibers ejected from the spinneret enter the conveyor belt after passing through a 100cm long air bath, and the conveyor belt speed is 10m/min. Spray a coagulation bath above the conveyor belt, the composition of the coagulation bath is 10% H 2 SO 4 solution containing 40% (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , the temperature is 35° C., and the spray speed is 0.3 L/min. The coagulated and shaped fibers are then wound into a web by high-speed jets of water to form a non-woven fabric. The diameter of the fiber is 13.2 μm, the coefficient of variation is 18.7%, and the longitudinal dry strength is 4.5CN/dtex.
实施例三Embodiment Three
将含粘胶纤维素9％的5％氢氧化钠溶液经过滤、脱泡后进行湿法纺丝，喷丝头挤出速度为22g/min。经喷丝头喷出的粘胶初生纤维通过100cm长的空气浴后，进入传送带，传送带速度为25m/min。传送带上方喷洒凝固浴，凝固浴组成为含40％(NH4)2SO4的10％的H2SO4溶液，温度为40℃，喷淋速度为0.6L/min。凝固成型的纤维再经高速喷射的水流缠绕成网后形成非织造布。纤维的直径为18.1μm，变异系数为30.6％，纵向干强度为3.9CN/dtex。The 5% sodium hydroxide solution containing 9% viscose cellulose is filtered and defoamed and then wet-spun, and the extrusion speed of the spinneret is 22g/min. The viscose primary fibers ejected from the spinneret enter the conveyor belt after passing through a 100cm long air bath, and the conveyor belt speed is 25m/min. Spray a coagulation bath above the conveyor belt, the composition of the coagulation bath is 10% H 2 SO 4 solution containing 40% (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , the temperature is 40° C., and the spray speed is 0.6 L/min. The coagulated and shaped fibers are then wound into a web by high-speed jets of water to form a non-woven fabric. The diameter of the fiber is 18.1 μm, the coefficient of variation is 30.6%, and the longitudinal dry strength is 3.9CN/dtex.
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