CN102560187B - Method for preparing copper alloy for electrified railway contact network - Google Patents
Method for preparing copper alloy for electrified railway contact network Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 sodium aluminum fluoride Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003818 cinder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;copper Chemical compound [AlH3].[Cu] JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002929 anti-fatigue Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001021 Ferroalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910018131 Al-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018461 Al—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015392 FeAl3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000943 NiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UJXVAJQDLVNWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Al].[Al].[Al].[Fe] Chemical compound [Al].[Al].[Al].[Fe] UJXVAJQDLVNWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a conductive electrolytic copper alloy and especially relates to a copper alloy for an electrified railway contact network and a preparation method of the copper alloy. The copper alloy for the electrified railway contact network comprises the following components by weight percent: 8.0%-11% of aluminum, 2.5%-4.5% of iron, 1.0%-2.0% of nickel, 1.0%-2.0% of manganese, 0.15%-2% of 5# rare earth and 78%-88% of copper, wherein the impurity is not more than 0.5%. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: dropping the bottom of a medium-frequency induction furnace and preparing an oven; smelting alloy; chemically testing; and tapping. The conventional alloy wind resistance is increased; the manufacturing cost of the material is 10% lower than that of QSi1-3 and CuNi2Si; and the copper alloy is an ideal copper alloy material for manufacturing accessories of the electrified railway (high-speed electrified railway) contact network.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of conduction solution copper alloy, relate in particular to a kind of copper alloy for electrification railway contact net and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
At present, because Highspeed Catenary has higher requirement in mechanical propertys such as conduction, intensity, plasticity, anticorrosive, antifatigue, thermal treatment workabilitys, for the anti-strong wind ability higher requirement is arranged also simultaneously.Existing have QSi1-3, CuNi2Si etc. for the Highspeed Catenary fitment material, can meet the demands in mechanical propertys such as conduction, intensity, plasticity, anticorrosive, antifatigue, thermal treatment workabilitys, but generally do not reach requirement for the anti-strong wind ability, and its erosion resistance, fatigue resistance are not as good as the C6161 Cu alloy material, and its cost is than C6161 Cu alloy material high 10%-15%.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to avoid the deficiencies in the prior art that a kind of copper alloy for electrification railway contact net and preparation method thereof is provided.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is: a kind of copper alloy for electrification railway contact net, it comprises by weight percentage: the aluminium of 8.0%-11%, the iron of 2.5%-4.5%, the nickel of 1.0%-2.0%, the manganese of 1.0%-2.0%, the 5# rare earth of 0.15%-2%, the copper of 78%-88%, impurity wherein is not more than 0.5%.
Trace elements iron (Fe): a small amount of iron can be dissolved in the αsolidsolution of copper-aluminium alloy, and its solubility with temperature reduces and reduces.If the alloy iron too high levels then has needle-like FeAl3 compound in the tissue and separates out, alloy mechanical performance is degenerated, corrosion stability worsens, and therefore, in xantal, the iron add-on must not surpass 5%.Nickel, manganese, aluminium amount increase in the alloy, and the solubleness of iron in the α solid is further reduced.
Iron can make the atomic diffusion speed in the xantal slow down, and increases the stability of β phase.A small amount of iron is on copper-dynamic (dynamical) impact of aluminium alloy β phase isothermal transformation, though iron is so remarkable not as the lower temperature scope near the retarding action of eutectoid velocity of transformation 525 ℃, but can suppress " self-annealing " phenomenon of causing that alloy becomes fragile, significantly reduce the fragility of alloy.Iron can also the refinement xantal crystal grain behind casting or the recrystallize, improve mechanical property.Usually the iron that adds 0.5-1% just can make the crystal grain of single-phase or duplex aluminium bronze attenuate.
Microelement nickel (Ni): the limited solid solution of nickel when nickel content surpasses solid solubility limit, new κ phase (NiAl) will occur in the alloy structure in the αsolidsolution of copper-aluminium alloy.Nickel is on the impact of xantal eutectoid transformation, and it had both improved the temperature of xantal eutectoid transformation, the eutectoid point composition is moved to the high alumina direction, and can change the shape of α phase.Nickeliferous when low, α is needle-like mutually, when the nickel amount reaches 3% in the form of sheets.In nickeliferous xantal, add manganese, have to make β get mutually the tendency that eutectoid transformation forms granular structure.Nickel significantly improves intensity, hardness, thermostability and the solidity to corrosion of xantal.Another advantage that contains the copper-aluminium of enough nickel-nickel-ferro alloy is: it must quench in furnace after hot-work, can carry out timeliness.
κ phase in copper-aluminium-nickel-ferro alloy is the Ni-Fe-aluminium phase of orderly body centred cubic crystal lattice in room temperature.It can dissolve in α phase and β mutually, and its solubility with temperature rises and increase, when temperature surpasses 925-950 ℃, and the κ fully dissolving of being on good terms.When alloy got off from high temperature cooling, κ separated out in mutually at β, and simultaneously, κ also reduces along with drop in temperature in the solubleness of α in mutually, and κ also can separate out mutually from α mutually, but Precipitation Temperature is than low in mutually of β.
Following rule is arranged in copper-aluminium-nickel-ferro alloy:
1, along with the increase of aluminium content, alpha phase zone dwindles, and β and γ 2 phase regions increase, and prevent that the necessary critical cooling velocity of β phase decomposition from also reducing;
2, along with the increase of nickel amount, β and γ 2 phase regions dwindle, and the κ phase region increases;
3, along with the increase of iron-holder, γ 2 phase regions dwindle, and the κ phase region increases, and eutectoid becomes branch to turn to high aluminum content aspect.
Contain the copper-aluminium of 8-12% aluminium, 4-6% nickel, 4-6% iron-Ni-Fe quad alloy, when temperature is lower than 950 ℃, the κ phase will occur in its tissue, but, the form of separating out of κ phase is very complex, and it changes with coprecipitation mode, can be fine-grannular, bulk or stratiform.
At copper-aluminium-Ni-Fe quad alloy, the mechanical property of separating out the form alloy of κ phase has a significant impact.Experiment shows: the content of Aluminum in Alloy, nickel and iron and ratio each other thereof, alloy heat-treat condition (quenching temperature, speed of cooling, tempering temperature and time etc.) all affect the κ mechanical property of separating out form and alloy mutually.When the nickel that is added with simultaneously 4-6% in the alloy and iron, then the αsolidsolution phase region is extended, and the β phase region then significantly dwindles, and at this moment, even increase the content of aluminium, still can obtain good plasticity.In addition, the content ratio of the nickel in the alloy and iron two elements, κ is separated out form mutually obvious impact is also arranged, when nickel content during greater than iron level, κ is samdwich mutually, and when iron level during greater than nickel content, it is block that κ is mutually, only when the content of nickel and iron was roughly the same, κ was homodisperse fine-grannular mutually, was conducive to obtain good mechanical property.In copper-aluminium-Ni-Fe quaternary element, the content of nickel and iron ratio is the scope of 0.9-1.1 preferably.
Trace element manganese (Mn): the relation of copper-Al-Mn series equitemperature cross section, vertical section and room temperature texture and speed of cooling, manganese can more incorporate the αsolidsolution in the xantal, but reduces the solubleness of aluminium in α.Manganese can be stablized the β phase, reduces starting temperature of transformation, postpones eutectoid transformation.Add the manganese amount that is dissolved in the xantal, can put forward heavy alloyed mechanical property and solidity to corrosion.This type of alloy can well bear heat, cold conditions press working.Add 0.3-0.5% manganese in the simple xantal, can improve the processing performance of alloy, reduce the hot rolling cracking, improve yield rate.The contained manganess aluminium bronze adds a certain amount of iron, can further improve the performance of alloy, at this moment, iron energy crystal grain thinning, and make the fine particle that occurs iron aluminide in the alloy structure, put forward heavy alloyed mechanical property and wear resistance, but iron weakens manganese to the stabilization of β phase.
Trace rare-earth element: the application of rare earth addition in copper and copper alloy constantly enlarges, and obtains people's common recognition.Be made into copper-rare earth intermediate alloy ingot bar in the production, this additive has the grain structure of easy fragmentation, the remarkable refinement copper of energy and copper alloy, improves the performance of copper and Cu alloy material, the net effects such as the conduction of raising copper and copper alloy, heat conductivility.
Aluminum-bronze alloy material is alpha+beta two-phase structure when containing the alloy of aluminium less than 7.4-9.4% 1036-565 ℃ of scope, under the cooling conditions of producing, β in the alloy → α phase transition process, often can not all finish, still keep a part of β sosoloid, eutectoid decomposition occurs subsequently form (α+γ 2) eutectoid, wherein γ 2 is hard crisp phases (HV=520), its appearance can make hardness, intensity raise, and plasticity descends.When containing the alloy Slow cooling to 565 ℃ of 9.4-15.6% aluminium, β → α+γ 2 can occur change, form the eutectoid tissue.(α+γ 2) eutectoid tissue in the xantal is similar to the perlite in the annealed steel, has extremely significantly sheet feature.But the eutectoid of β phase decomposes slower, and it can have little time to decompose, and produce the meta tissue when cooling off fast.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of the copper alloy for electrification railway contact net, comprises the steps:
Step 1, medium-frequency induction furnace is carried out cupola drop and baking oven preparation step;
Step 2, alloy melting comprise the steps,
1. in intermediate frequency furnace, add the 100-150kg electrolytic copper, and intermediate frequency furnace power is risen to 350-400kW, until electrolytic copper melts fully, and when temperature reaches 1200-1300 ℃ in the stove, in stove, add nickel, iron successively, be incubated again 0.5-1 hour;
2. in stove, add aluminium and 600-650kg electrolytic copper, intermediate frequency furnace power is risen to 600-650kW, electrolytic copper melts fully, when temperature reaches 1350-1400 ℃, add manganese and the stirring of 0.5-1kg sodium aluminum fluoride, scarfing cinder, sampling, refining, simultaneously, intermediate frequency furnace power is down to the 350-400kW insulation, is incubated 0.5-1 hour;
Step 3, assay step: sample preparation, use X-fluorescence spectrograph detect alloy composition in the stove;
Step 4, the step of coming out of the stove: in intermediate frequency furnace, add the 5# rare earth, carry out simultaneously induction stirring.
In the cupola drop step described in the described step 1 be:
1. check intermediate frequency furnace ruhmkorff coil and body of heater insulation situation, and refractory mortar is damaged on the coil, if any crack, the incompleteness of damaged completion clay, and temperature in the stove is increased to 400-500 ℃, seasoning and baking 2-3 hour;
2. spread the 8-10mm asbestos plate at the intermediate frequency furnace furnace bottom, lay the asbestos plate of at least one deck furnace wall subsides and 1-1.5mm;
3. use the high alumina dry type ramming material and with brickwork device brickwork courage, behind the complete furnace bottom of ramming, put into the combustion chamber model that copper sheet is made, then the ramming furnace wall;
4. use the mixture of High-Alumina ramming mass, bath of glass and water, build cupola drop mouth and converter nose;
5. after flue has been built rear natural air drying 2-3 hour, can enter the baking oven step.
The flue base thickness of described ramming is 150-200mm, and the furnace wall is thick to be 100-150mm, and in flue, every 50-60mm eminence ramming stove layer makes the stove layer in the intermediate frequency furnace include at least two layers.
The described cupola drop courage volume of building is the 1-1.5 ton, and whole intermediate frequency furnace frequency is 250-750Hz, and power is 20-650kW.
Described step 3. in, after furnace bottom has been beaten, according to described model bottom size, in order to make the abundant combination of furnace wall and furnace bottom, be unlikely to layering, so dig down the connecting groove of furnace bottom and furnace wall, the dark 30-50mm of groove at furnace bottom.
The advantage of cupola drop step of the present invention is:
1. ruhmkorff coil application refractory mortar (ZDL401) is smeared, internal layer 10mm, and coil fills up clay between pricking, baking (400 ℃).Can improve coil bulk strength, shock resistance.Its voltage withstand class is brought up to 100,000 volts.High-temperature copper liquid is to the damage of coil when effectively preventing runout.
2. the joint portion of furnace bottom and furnace wall is emphasis during cupola drop, and furnace bottom has been beaten rear according to model bottom size, will partly dig down about one deck 50mm with the furnace bottom of joint portion, furnace wall, and then puts into the normal cupola drop of model.Be conducive to so the complete combination in furnace bottom and furnace wall, improve the globality of body of heater.
3. adopt the high alumina sand furnace charge to replace traditional silica sand and magnesia, silica sand when high temperature easily with alloy in aluminium generation chemical reaction, displace silicon pollution alloy.Although the magnesia refractoriness is high, can anti-rapid heat cycle impact is not as high alumina sand.
4. fire door, burner are placed induction iron during baking oven, charcoal baking before replacing, the charcoal storing temperature is concentrated, inhomogeneous, especially baking oven is in the sintering stage, stove is outer in the stove, the burner fire door temperature difference is very large, is prone to crackle during sintering, and iron toasts burner, fire door is very convenient with responding to, iron is magnetic conductor, and temperature sensor can reach 600 ℃.
Baking oven step described in the described step 1 is:
1. the induction carbon of packing in the intermediate frequency furnace combustion chamber is brilliant, burner, fire door are placed induction iron, can begin the baking oven that heats up;
2. begin to heat up from normal temperature, in the intermediate frequency furnace originally power be 15-20kW, heat up with the speed of 5kW/h, until power reaches 30-35kW, when temperature reaches 200-250 ℃ in this moment stove, be incubated; Intensification, soaking time are no less than 6 hours; Simultaneously, observation fire door, burner have or not steam to overflow, if the excessive expansion in fire door place then prolongs soaking time, when fire door overflows without steam, can continue to heat up;
3. intermediate frequency furnace power is continued to heat up with the speed of 5kW/h, until power reaches 45-50kW, when the interior temperature of stove this moment reaches 600-650 ℃, be incubated; Intensification, soaking time are no less than 4 hours; Simultaneously, if it is dark red to observe stove internal induction iron, and if the excessive expansion in fire door place, then prolonging soaking time, when fire door overflows without steam, can continue to heat up;
4. intermediate frequency furnace power is continued to heat up with the speed of 5kW/h, until power reaches 70-80kW, when the interior temperature of stove this moment reaches 1200-1300 ℃, carry out heat preservation sintering, heat preservation sintering 2-4 hour;
5. take out the brilliant and induction iron of induction carbon, baking oven is complete.
The advantage of baking oven step of the present invention is:
1. the order that adds during alloy melting except reinforced according to the infusibility degree sequential control of alloying element, the reaction heat when also taking full advantage of the fusion of aluminium and copper.And summary of experience by industrialization out.
2. use the X-fluorescence spectrograph behind the stove of stokehold and detect the alternative traditional artificial chemistry analysis of Chemical Composition.Raise the efficiency more than 3 times, reduced the impact of human factor.
3. come out of the stove and adopt semicontinuous casting to install induction stirring additional, in the QAL8-3-1-1 alloy graining process, apply magnetic field, but refined cast structure, promote dendrite to equiax crystal change, suppress the Al element macrosegregation, improve the homogeneity of alloying constituent.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention is with reference to xantal material QAL9-2, QAL9-4, QAL10-3-1.5, QAL10-4-4, increase Fe, Ni, Mn on the basis of xantal material, reach rare earth element, and adjust content between each element, form through special process melting, casting.Be mainly used in electric railway (high-speed electric railway) contact system fitment material.This material and other same type of material QSi1-3, CuNi2Si etc. are relatively, except the mechanical propertys such as conduction, intensity, plasticity, anticorrosive, antifatigue, thermal treatment workability, anti-strong wind ability and material manufacturing cost have obvious advantage than above-mentioned materials, its cost descends 10% than QSi1-3, CuNi2Si, being the CuNi2Si Cu alloy material that continues, is another comparatively desirable Cu alloy material that electric railway (high-speed electric railway) contact system accessory is made.
Embodiment
Below principle of the present invention and feature are described, institute only gives an actual example and to be used for explanation the present invention, is not be used to limiting scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1: a kind of copper alloy for electrification railway contact net, and it comprises by weight percentage: the aluminium of 8.0%-11%, the iron of 2.5%-4.5%, the nickel of 1.0%-2.0%, the manganese of 1.0%-2.0%, the 5# rare earth of 0.15%-2%, the copper of 78%-88%, impurity wherein is not more than 0.5%.
Embodiment 2: identical with embodiment 1, the constitutive material of different is described copper alloy for electrification railway contact net is that the weight percent according to table 1 forms:
Table 1
Comparative Examples: material provided by the invention and existing xantal material carry out the comparison of composition and mechanical property, shown in table 2 and table 3.
Table 2: alloying constituent relatively
Table 3: mechanical property compares:
From above performance, tensile strength and the hardness of QAL8-3-1-1 decrease than QAL10-4-4, improve than QAL9-2, QAL9-4, QAL10-3-1.5, but unit elongation has raising by a relatively large margin, so QAL8-3-1-1 material over-all properties in use is anticorrosive, antifatigue, anti-strong wind ability and be greatly improved than other xantal material work-ing life, is the comparatively desirable component material of electric railway (high-speed electric railway) contact system.
Embodiment 10: the present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of the copper alloy for electrification railway contact net, comprises the steps:
Step 1, medium-frequency induction furnace is carried out cupola drop and baking oven preparation step;
Step 2, alloy melting comprise the steps,
1. in intermediate frequency furnace, add the 100-150kg electrolytic copper, and intermediate frequency furnace power is risen to 350-400kW, until electrolytic copper melts fully, and when temperature reaches 1200-1300 ℃ in the stove, in stove, add nickel, iron successively, be incubated again 0.5-1 hour;
2. in stove, add aluminium and 600-650kg electrolytic copper, intermediate frequency furnace power is risen to 600-650kW, electrolytic copper melts fully, when temperature reaches 1350-1400 ℃, add manganese and the stirring of 0.5-1kg sodium aluminum fluoride, scarfing cinder, sampling, refining, simultaneously, intermediate frequency furnace power is down to the 350-400kW insulation, is incubated 0.5-1 hour;
Step 3, assay step: sample preparation, use X-fluorescence spectrograph detect alloy composition in the stove;
Step 4, the step of coming out of the stove: in intermediate frequency furnace, add the 5# rare earth, carry out simultaneously induction stirring.
In the cupola drop step described in the described step 1 be:
1. check intermediate frequency furnace ruhmkorff coil and body of heater insulation situation, and refractory mortar is damaged on the coil, if any crack, the incompleteness of damaged completion clay, and temperature in the stove is increased to 400-500 ℃, seasoning and baking 2-3 hour;
2. spread the 8-10mm asbestos plate at the intermediate frequency furnace furnace bottom, lay the asbestos plate of at least one deck furnace wall subsides and 1-1.5mm;
3. use the high alumina dry type ramming material and with brickwork device brickwork courage, behind the complete furnace bottom of ramming, put into the combustion chamber model that copper sheet is made, then the ramming furnace wall;
4. use the mixture of High-Alumina ramming mass, bath of glass and water, build cupola drop mouth and converter nose;
5. after flue has been built rear natural air drying 2-3 hour, can enter the baking oven step.
The flue base thickness of described ramming is 150-200mm, and the furnace wall is thick to be 100-150mm, and in flue, every 50-60mm eminence ramming stove layer makes the stove layer in the intermediate frequency furnace include at least two layers.
The described cupola drop courage volume of building is the 1-1.5 ton, and whole intermediate frequency furnace frequency is 250-750Hz, and power is 20-650kW.
Described step 3. in, furnace bottom has been beaten and in order to make the abundant combination of furnace wall and furnace bottom, has been unlikely to layering according to model bottom size afterwards, so dig down the connecting groove of furnace bottom and furnace wall, the dark 30-50mm of groove at furnace bottom.
Baking oven step described in the described step 1 is:
1. the induction carbon of packing in the intermediate frequency furnace combustion chamber is brilliant, burner, fire door are placed induction iron, can begin the baking oven that heats up;
2. begin to heat up from normal temperature, in the intermediate frequency furnace originally power be 15-20kW, heat up with the speed of 5kW/h, until power reaches 30-35kW, when temperature reaches 200-250 ℃ in this moment stove, be incubated; Intensification, soaking time are no less than 6 hours; Simultaneously, observation fire door, burner have or not steam to overflow, if the excessive expansion in fire door place then prolongs soaking time, when fire door overflows without steam, can continue to heat up;
3. intermediate frequency furnace power is continued to heat up with the speed of 5kW/h, until power reaches 45-50kW, when the interior temperature of stove this moment reaches 600-650 ℃, be incubated; Intensification, soaking time are no less than 4 hours; Simultaneously, if it is dark red to observe stove internal induction iron, and if the excessive expansion in fire door place, then prolonging soaking time, when fire door overflows without steam, can continue to heat up;
4. intermediate frequency furnace power is continued to heat up with the speed of 5kW/h, until power reaches 70-80kW, when the interior temperature of stove this moment reaches 1200-1300 ℃, carry out heat preservation sintering, heat preservation sintering 2-4 hour;
5. take out the brilliant and induction iron of induction carbon, baking oven is complete.
Embodiment 11: identical with embodiment 10, different is: described step 2, alloy melting, comprise the steps,
1. in intermediate frequency furnace, add the 100kg electrolytic copper, and intermediate frequency furnace power is risen to 350kW, until electrolytic copper melts fully, and when temperature reaches 1200 ℃ in the stove, in stove, add nickel, iron successively, be incubated again 0.5 hour;
2. add aluminium and 600kg electrolytic copper in stove, intermediate frequency furnace power is risen to 600kW, electrolytic copper melts fully, when temperature reaches 1350 ℃, add manganese and 0.5 sodium aluminum fluoride stirring, scarfing cinder, sampling, refining, simultaneously, intermediate frequency furnace power is down to the 350kW insulation, is incubated 0.5 hour;
Embodiment 12: identical with embodiment 10, different is: described step 2, alloy melting, comprise the steps,
1. in intermediate frequency furnace, add the 150kg electrolytic copper, and intermediate frequency furnace power is risen to 400kW, until electrolytic copper melts fully, and when temperature reaches 1300 ℃ in the stove, in stove, add nickel, iron successively, be incubated again 1 hour;
2. add aluminium and 650kg electrolytic copper in stove, intermediate frequency furnace power is risen to 650kW, electrolytic copper melts fully, when temperature reaches 1400 ℃, add manganese and the stirring of 1kg sodium aluminum fluoride, scarfing cinder, sampling, refining, simultaneously, intermediate frequency furnace power is down to the 400kW insulation, is incubated 1 hour;
Embodiment 13: identical with embodiment 10, different is: described step 2, alloy melting, comprise the steps,
1. in intermediate frequency furnace, add the 125kg electrolytic copper, and intermediate frequency furnace power is risen to 375kW, until electrolytic copper melts fully, and when temperature reaches 1250 ℃ in the stove, in stove, add nickel, iron successively, be incubated again 0.8 hour;
2. add aluminium and 625kg electrolytic copper in stove, intermediate frequency furnace power is risen to 625kW, electrolytic copper melts fully, when temperature reaches 1355 ℃, add manganese and the stirring of 0.8kg sodium aluminum fluoride, scarfing cinder, sampling, refining, simultaneously, intermediate frequency furnace power is down to the 350-400kW insulation, is incubated 0.8 hour;
Embodiment 14: identical with embodiment 10, different is: in the cupola drop step described in the described step 1 be:
1. check intermediate frequency furnace ruhmkorff coil and body of heater insulation situation, and refractory mortar is damaged on the coil, if any crack, the incompleteness of damaged completion clay, and temperature in the stove is increased to 400 ℃, seasoning and baking 2 hours;
2. spread the 8mm asbestos plate at the intermediate frequency furnace furnace bottom, lay the asbestos plate of at least one deck furnace wall subsides and 1mm;
3. use the high alumina dry type ramming material and with brickwork device brickwork courage, behind the complete furnace bottom of ramming, put into the combustion chamber model that copper sheet is made, then the ramming furnace wall;
4. use the mixture of High-Alumina ramming mass, bath of glass and water, build cupola drop mouth and converter nose;
5. flue was built rear natural air drying after 2 hours, can enter the baking oven step.
The flue base thickness of described ramming is 150mm, and the furnace wall is thick to be 100mm, and in flue, every 50mm eminence ramming stove layer makes the stove layer in the intermediate frequency furnace include two layers.
The described cupola drop courage volume of building is 1 ton, and whole intermediate frequency furnace frequency is 250-750Hz, and power is 20-650kW.
After furnace bottom has been beaten, according to described model bottom size, dig down the connecting groove of furnace bottom and furnace wall, the dark 30mm of groove at furnace bottom.
Embodiment 15: identical with embodiment 10, different is:
In the cupola drop step described in the described step 1 be:
1. check intermediate frequency furnace ruhmkorff coil and body of heater insulation situation, and refractory mortar is damaged on the coil, if any crack, the incompleteness of damaged completion clay, and temperature in the stove is increased to 500 ℃, seasoning and baking 3 hours;
2. spread the 10mm asbestos plate at the intermediate frequency furnace furnace bottom, lay the asbestos plate of at least one deck furnace wall subsides and 1.5mm;
3. use the high alumina dry type ramming material and with brickwork device brickwork courage, behind the complete furnace bottom of ramming, put into the combustion chamber model that copper sheet is made, then the ramming furnace wall;
4. use the mixture of High-Alumina ramming mass, bath of glass and water, build cupola drop mouth and converter nose;
5. flue was built rear natural air drying after 3 hours, can enter the baking oven step.
The flue base thickness of described ramming is 200mm, and the furnace wall is thick to be 150mm, and in flue, every 60mm eminence ramming stove layer makes the stove layer in the intermediate frequency furnace include five layers.
The described cupola drop courage volume of building is 1.5 tons, and whole intermediate frequency furnace frequency is 250-750Hz, and power is 20-650kW.
After furnace bottom has been beaten, according to described model bottom size, dig down the connecting groove of furnace bottom and furnace wall, the dark 50mm of groove at furnace bottom.
Embodiment 16: identical with embodiment 10, different is:
In the cupola drop step described in the described step 1 be:
1. check intermediate frequency furnace ruhmkorff coil and body of heater insulation situation, and refractory mortar is damaged on the coil, if any crack, the incompleteness of damaged completion clay, and temperature in the stove is increased to 450 ℃, seasoning and baking 2.5 hours;
2. spread the 9mm asbestos plate at the intermediate frequency furnace furnace bottom, lay the asbestos plate of at least one deck furnace wall subsides and 1.25mm;
3. use the high alumina dry type ramming material and with brickwork device brickwork courage, behind the complete furnace bottom of ramming, put into the combustion chamber model that copper sheet is made, then the ramming furnace wall;
4. use the mixture of High-Alumina ramming mass, bath of glass and water, build cupola drop mouth and converter nose;
6. courage was built rear natural air drying after 2.5 hours, can enter the baking oven step.
The flue base thickness of described ramming is 175mm, and the furnace wall is thick to be 125mm, and in flue, every 55mm eminence ramming stove layer makes the stove layer in the intermediate frequency furnace include ten layers.
After furnace bottom has been beaten, according to described model bottom size, dig down the connecting groove of furnace bottom and furnace wall, the dark 40mm of groove at furnace bottom.
Embodiment 17: identical with embodiment 10, different is: the baking oven step described in the described step 1 is:
1. the induction carbon of packing in the intermediate frequency furnace combustion chamber is brilliant, burner, fire door are placed induction iron, can begin the baking oven that heats up;
2. begin to heat up from normal temperature, in the intermediate frequency furnace originally power be 15kW, heat up with the speed of 5kW/h, until power reaches 30kW, when temperature reaches 200 ℃ in this moment stove, be incubated; Intensification, soaking time are no less than 6 hours; Simultaneously, observation fire door, burner have or not steam to overflow, if the excessive expansion in fire door place then prolongs soaking time, when fire door overflows without steam, can continue to heat up;
3. intermediate frequency furnace power is continued to heat up with the speed of 5kW/h, until power reaches 45kW, when the interior temperature of stove this moment reaches 600 ℃, be incubated; Intensification, soaking time are no less than 4 hours; Simultaneously, if it is dark red to observe stove internal induction iron, and if the excessive expansion in fire door place, then prolonging soaking time, when fire door overflows without steam, can continue to heat up;
4. intermediate frequency furnace power is continued to heat up with the speed of 5kW/h, until power reaches 70kW, when the interior temperature of stove this moment reaches 1200 ℃, carry out heat preservation sintering, heat preservation sintering 2 hours;
5. take out the brilliant and induction iron of induction carbon, baking oven is complete.
Embodiment 18: identical with embodiment 10, different is: the baking oven step described in the described step 1 is:
1. the induction carbon of packing in the intermediate frequency furnace combustion chamber is brilliant, burner, fire door are placed induction iron, can begin the baking oven that heats up;
2. begin to heat up from normal temperature, in the intermediate frequency furnace originally power be 20kW, heat up with the speed of 5kW/h, until power reaches 35kW, when temperature reaches 250 ℃ in this moment stove, be incubated; Intensification, soaking time are no less than 6 hours; Simultaneously, observation fire door, burner have or not steam to overflow, if the excessive expansion in fire door place then prolongs soaking time, when fire door overflows without steam, can continue to heat up;
3. intermediate frequency furnace power is continued to heat up with the speed of 5kW/h, until power reaches 50kW, when the interior temperature of stove this moment reaches 650 ℃, be incubated; Intensification, soaking time are no less than 4 hours; Simultaneously, if it is dark red to observe stove internal induction iron, and if the excessive expansion in fire door place, then prolonging soaking time, when fire door overflows without steam, can continue to heat up;
4. intermediate frequency furnace power is continued to heat up with the speed of 5kW/h, until power reaches 80kW, when the interior temperature of stove this moment reaches 1300 ℃, carry out heat preservation sintering, heat preservation sintering 4 hours;
5. take out the brilliant and induction iron of induction carbon, baking oven is complete.
Embodiment 19: identical with embodiment 10, different is: the baking oven step described in the described step 1 is:
1. the induction carbon of packing in the intermediate frequency furnace combustion chamber is brilliant, burner, fire door are placed induction iron, can begin the baking oven that heats up;
2. begin to heat up from normal temperature, in the intermediate frequency furnace originally power be 17kW, heat up with the speed of 5kW/h, until power reaches 32kW, when temperature reaches 225 ℃ in this moment stove, be incubated; Intensification, soaking time are no less than 6 hours; Simultaneously, observation fire door, burner have or not steam to overflow, if the excessive expansion in fire door place then prolongs soaking time, when fire door overflows without steam, can continue to heat up;
3. intermediate frequency furnace power is continued to heat up with the speed of 5kW/h, until power reaches 47kW, when the interior temperature of stove this moment reaches 625 ℃, be incubated; Intensification, soaking time are no less than 4 hours; Simultaneously, if it is dark red to observe stove internal induction iron, and if the excessive expansion in fire door place, then prolonging soaking time, when fire door overflows without steam, can continue to heat up;
4. intermediate frequency furnace power is continued to heat up with the speed of 5kW/h, until power reaches 75kW, when the interior temperature of stove this moment reaches 1250 ℃, carry out heat preservation sintering, heat preservation sintering 3 hours;
5. take out the brilliant and induction iron of induction carbon, baking oven is complete.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limiting the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, is equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a preparation method who is used for the copper alloy of electrification railway contact net is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Step 1, medium-frequency induction furnace is carried out cupola drop and baking oven preparation step;
Step 2, alloy melting comprise the steps:
1. in intermediate frequency furnace, add the 100-150kg electrolytic copper, and intermediate frequency furnace power is risen to 350-400kW, until electrolytic copper melts fully, and when temperature reaches 1200-1300 ℃ in the stove, in stove, add nickel, iron successively, be incubated again 0.5-1 hour;
2. in stove, add aluminium and 600-650kg electrolytic copper, intermediate frequency furnace power is risen to 600-650kW, electrolytic copper melts fully, when temperature reaches 1350-1400 ℃, add manganese and the stirring of 0.5-1kg sodium aluminum fluoride, scarfing cinder, sampling, refining, simultaneously, intermediate frequency furnace power is down to the 350-400kW insulation, is incubated 0.5-1 hour;
Step 3, assay step: sample preparation, use X-fluorescence spectrograph detect alloy composition in the stove;
Step 4, the step of coming out of the stove: in intermediate frequency furnace, add the 5# rare earth, carry out simultaneously induction stirring;
The copper alloy of being made by described step 1-4 comprises by weight percentage: the aluminium of 8.0%-11%, and the iron of 2.5%-4.5%, the nickel of 1.0%-2.0%, the manganese of 1.0%-2.0%, the 5# rare earth of 0.15%-2%, the copper of 78%-88%, impurity wherein is not more than 0.5%.
2. the preparation method of the copper alloy for electrification railway contact net as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the cupola drop step described in the described step 1 is:
1. check intermediate frequency furnace ruhmkorff coil and body of heater insulation situation, and refractory mortar is damaged on the coil, if any crack, the incompleteness of damaged completion clay, and temperature in the stove is increased to 400-500 ℃, seasoning and baking 2-3 hour;
2. spread the 8-10mm asbestos plate at the intermediate frequency furnace furnace bottom, and lay the asbestos plate of at least one deck furnace wall subsides and 1-1.5mm;
3. use the high alumina dry type ramming material, and with brickwork device brickwork courage, behind the complete furnace bottom of ramming, put into the combustion chamber model that copper sheet is made, then the ramming furnace wall;
4. use the mixture of High-Alumina ramming mass, bath of glass and water, build cupola drop mouth and converter nose;
5. after flue has been built rear natural air drying 2-3 hour, can enter the baking oven step.
3. the preparation method of the copper alloy for electrification railway contact net as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the flue base thickness of described ramming is 150-200mm, the furnace wall is thick to be 100-150mm, and in flue, every 50-60mm eminence ramming stove layer makes the stove layer in the intermediate frequency furnace include at least two layers.
4. the preparation method of the copper alloy for electrification railway contact net as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that the described cupola drop courage volume of building is the 1-1.5 ton, and whole intermediate frequency furnace frequency is 250-750Hz, and power is 20-650kW.
5. the preparation method of the copper alloy for electrification railway contact net as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described step 3. in, after furnace bottom has been beaten, according to described model bottom size, dig down the connecting groove of furnace bottom and furnace wall, the dark 30-50mm of groove at furnace bottom.
6. the preparation method of the copper alloy for electrification railway contact net as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the baking oven step described in the described step 1 is:
1. the induction carbon of packing in the intermediate frequency furnace combustion chamber is brilliant, burner, fire door are placed induction iron, can begin the baking oven that heats up;
2. begin to heat up from normal temperature, in the intermediate frequency furnace originally power be 15-20kW, heat up with the speed of 5kW/h, until power reaches 30-35kW, when temperature reaches 200-250 ℃ in this moment stove, be incubated; Intensification, soaking time are no less than 6 hours; Simultaneously, observation fire door, burner have or not steam to overflow, if the excessive expansion in fire door place then prolongs soaking time, when fire door overflows without steam, can continue to heat up;
3. intermediate frequency furnace power is continued to heat up with the speed of 5kW/h, until power reaches 45-50kW, when the interior temperature of stove this moment reaches 600-650 ℃, be incubated; Intensification, soaking time are no less than 4 hours; Simultaneously, if it is dark red to observe stove internal induction iron, and if the excessive expansion in fire door place, then prolonging soaking time, when fire door overflows without steam, can continue to heat up;
4. intermediate frequency furnace power is continued to heat up with the speed of 5kW/h, until power reaches 70-80kW, when the interior temperature of stove this moment reaches 1200-1300 ℃, carry out heat preservation sintering, heat preservation sintering 2-4 hour;
5. take out the brilliant and induction iron of induction carbon, baking oven is complete.
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| JP5757318B2 (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2015-07-29 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | Protective film forming sputtering target and laminated wiring film |
| CN103952589A (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2014-07-30 | 王新海 | Copper alloy |
| CN104004939A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-08-27 | 甘肃大鑫铜业有限责任公司 | High-strength and high-conductivity copper alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN106148755B (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2018-04-24 | 苏州天兼新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of nuclear powered turbine abrasion resisting pump block founding materials and preparation method thereof |
| CN111578712B (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2022-04-12 | 江苏隆达超合金股份有限公司 | Furnace building and baking method for B30 copper-nickel alloy smelting furnace |
| CN116043148B (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2024-07-02 | 江西昌河航空工业有限公司 | High-aluminum QAl10-3-1.5 aluminum bronze heat treatment method |
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| CN101818284A (en) * | 2009-03-20 | 2010-09-01 | 兰州理工大学 | Multi-element aluminum bronze powder and preparation method thereof |
| CN101643867A (en) * | 2009-08-28 | 2010-02-10 | 镇江汇通金属成型有限公司 | High performance copper casting alloy and preparation method thereof |
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