CN102559370A - Method and device for processing microalgae - Google Patents
Method and device for processing microalgae Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for processing microalgae. The processing method includes placing microalgae liquid in an environment with a normal temperature and pressure, increasing the temperature and pressure of the environment of the microalgae liquid, continuously subjecting the microalgae liquid to the environment after the temperature and pressure are increased, and directly transferring the microalgae liquid to a vacuum environment from the environment. The invention further provides a device for preparing the microalgae, which includes a microalgae liquid storage tank used for storing the microalgae liquid at the normal temperature and under the normal pressure, a high-pressure pump used for pressurizing the microalgae liquid storage tank, a heater used for heating the microalgae liquid storage tank, a vacuum container with a vacuum pump, which is empty inside and used for containing the microalgae liquid obtained from the microalgae liquid storage tank, and a buffer tank used for containing water discharged from the vacuum container. According to the method and the device for processing microalgae, the collecting, wall-breaking and drying of the microalgae are achieved simultaneously or performed by one step and the extraction rate of microalgae oil after wall-breaking can be reached above 90%. The method and the device for processing microalgae have the advantages of simple process, high wall-breaking efficiency, low energy consumption, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the working method of little algae, particularly, the present invention relates to handle the method and apparatus of little algae.
Background technology
Little algae is one type of photoautotrophy and/or heterotroph unicellular organism that individuality is small, has extensive, of a great variety, the characteristics such as photosynthetic efficiency is high, fast growth, flexibility are strong that distribute.The annual fixed CO of little algae
2Account for 40% of global net photosynthesis output; Add it and be rich in lipid, hydro carbons, albumen, soluble polysaccharide; And high value natural pigments such as astaxanthin, β-Hu Luobusu, therefore in today that problems such as environmental protection, the energy and health get most of the attention, little algae more and more receives people's attention.
After both culturing microalgae is accomplished, to collect, processing such as dry, broken wall and extraction are oily to obtain little algae algae.
Traditional little algae processing needs through steps such as collection, drying, broken wall and extractions, complex treatment process, and energy consumption is high, and environment friendly is poor, and is not enough to the effective constituent protection.
It is the bottleneck of the little algae industry development of restriction that little algae is collected always.Because little phycobiont is small, biomass concentration is lower; And cell density and water body are suitable; Traditional collection method is centrifugal, filtration, flocculent precipitation and dissolved air flotation etc.; Above method or exist the energy consumption height, efficient is low, or has the collection device complex structure, or has problems such as environment friendly difference.
Mostly the traditional method that little algae algae oil extracts is organic solvent method, milling process and supercritical extraction, and above method requires little algae is carried out drying treatment earlier.Mostly traditional drying means is lyophilize and spraying drying, and above drying means energy consumption is very high.
Because little algae has Mierocrystalline cellulose sexual cell wall, the microalgae cell wall thickness of some kind, quality are hard, little algae algae oil is extracted before, need carry out broken wall treatment to improve the oily extraction yield of algae.Traditional microalgae wall breaking method is a lot, like physical methods such as traditionally mechanical disintegration, freeze thawing, UW, colloidal mill and biological enzyme digestion method etc.Gas explosion method, high-pressure homogeneous and ultra-high speed gas comminuting method etc. had successively been proposed in recent years.But all there is significant disadvantages in aforesaid method, or the time spent is long or temperature is higher or crushing effect is not good or effectively do not protect bioactive ingredients.The result causes cell walls broken wall inefficiency and bioactive ingredients loss seriously.
The process engineering Chen Hong of institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences chapter etc. has proposed a kind of vapour explosion wall method (the vapour explosion wall method of 02153296.6-alginic cell wall) of alginic cell wall; This method adds algae liquid in the steam-explosion jar; In steam-explosion jar, feed saturation steam and HP steam then, the back decompression that stays for some time is discharged in the normal pressure cyclonic separator and separates.Can not realize broken wall though this wall-breaking method for other prior aries, does not add any acid-base material, have the good advantage of environment friendly, still have following shortcoming:
1) this method need add pre-processed saturation steam and high-pressure air, has therefore increased energy consumption, has the high shortcoming of energy consumption;
2) introducing of saturation steam has further increased the water cut in the algae liquid, has the high shortcoming of the later separation water yield;
3) this method can not be accomplished broken wall, drying and the collection process of little algae simultaneously, has the shortcoming of poor continuity.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above shortcoming, proposed a kind of method and device that makes the microalgae wall breaking in little algae algae liquid and remove the moisture in little algae algae liquid simultaneously.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of method of handling little algae is provided, has comprised: little algae algae liquid is in the normal temperature and pressure environment; Improve the temperature and pressure of little algae algae liquid environment of living in; Make in the environment after little algae algae liquid continues to be in increasing temperature and pressure; Make little algae algae liquid directly the environment after above-mentioned increasing temperature and pressure change over to the vacuum environment.
In the method; Little algae is broken wall under the action of pressure between normal pressure and the vacuum; Moisture in the algae liquid evaporates in vacuum drying condition gasified simultaneously; The mixture separation of moisture in former little algae algae liquid and frond and algae oil has played the effect of accomplishing microalgae wall breaking, drying simultaneously and collecting.
Normal temperature and pressure environment in the aforesaid method is room temperature and atmospheric pressure environment.
In aforesaid method, the pressure in the environment after the increasing temperature and pressure is 2～10MPa, and temperature is 80～120 ℃, and preferred pressure is 2～5MPa, and preferred temperature is 80～90 ℃.
In aforesaid method, kept preferred 0.5～2 hour 0.5～3 hour in the environment of little algae algae liquid after increasing temperature and pressure.
In aforesaid method, the vacuum tightness in the vacuum environment is-0.06～-0.09MPa, temperature is 50～90 ℃.
Little algae in the aforesaid method comprises flat algae, grid algae, haematococcus pulvialis, Porphyridium cruentum, snow algae, tenaculat Habenaria, diatom, brown algae, Chaetoceros, chlorella, different oxygen chlorella, little plan ball algae, grid algae, Crypthecodinium cohnii, chrysophyceae, splits kettle algae, haematococcus pulvialis or Dunaliella salina etc.; Or the mixed algae of their any several kinds of algaes, one or more in preferred chlorella chlorella, different oxygen chlorella, brown algae and the Dunaliella salina.
According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of device that is used to implement aforesaid method is provided also, has comprised: the algae liquid storage tank is used for the little algae algae of normal temperature and pressure state storage liquid; HPP is used for said algae liquid storage tank pressurization; Well heater is used for said algae liquid storage tank is heated; The vacuum tank of band vacuum pump wherein keeps hollow and is used to hold the little algae algae liquid from above-mentioned algae liquid storage tank; Surge tank is used for holding the water of discharging from vacuum tank.
In said apparatus, said HPP comprises lp piston and nitrogengas cylinder, and the piston that utilizes nitrogen to promote in the lp piston pressurizes to lp piston, and the little algae algae liquid in the lp piston is transported in the preheater.
In said apparatus, the temperature in the wherein said surge tank is a room temperature, is used for condensation and evaporates the moisture that with collecting from vacuum tank.
Method provided by the invention has the following advantages:
1) the present invention stops the algae liquid of high-moisture the regular hour under certain temperature, pressure condition, releases the algae liquid after heating, pressurizeing to suddenly in the vacuum tank then, and vacuum tank is kept certain vacuum tightness and temperature; Water in the algae liquid is evaporated under this condition; Thereby make little algae and part algae oil and water sepn behind the broken wall, realize collection, broken wall and the drying of little algae simultaneously, promptly a step accomplishes broken wall, the drying of little algae and collects step; Technical process is simple, and the technology continuity is good.
2) broken wall efficient is high, more than the algae oil extraction rate reached to 85% behind the broken wall, even reaches more than 90%.
3) in the heating and pressurizing process, need not to use saturation steam and high-pressure air, energy consumption is low and can not increase the follow-up minute water yield.
4) remove the moisture in little algae algae liquid through vacuum drying means, compare with cyclonic separator of the prior art, drying effect is good, is applicable to little algae algae liquid of high-moisture, and for example water cut reaches the algae liquid more than 85%.
5) need not to use reagent such as soda acid in the broken wall step of the present invention, can save post-processing step and can not cause environmental pollution, environment friendly is high.
6) temperature in the heating steps of the present invention is not high, therefore can protect the effective constituent in the algae oil not to be destroyed effectively.
Description of drawings
The setting drawing that Fig. 1 illustrates microalgae wall breaking, drying and collects.Wherein the numeral number 1 among the figure is the algae liquid storage tank, and 2 is HPP, and 3 is preheater, and 4 is vacuum tank, and 5 is surge tank, and 6 is vacuum pump.
Embodiment
Following embodiment can make those skilled in the art more fully understand the present invention, but does not limit the present invention in any way.
The testing method of algae oil extraction yield is following behind the broken wall: the algae mud that is untreated of taking a morsel is put 105 ℃ of oven dry down of baking oven, and chromatographically is measured fatty background values C
AlgaeGet oil-extracted algae slag and put 105 ℃ of oven dry down of baking oven, chromatographically is measured lipid content C
Slag, establish m
AlgaeFor extracting the dry weight quality with algae, m
SlagFor extracting the dry weight quality (g) of back algae-residue, according to formulas Extraction rate=(C
Algae* m
Algae-C
Slag* m
Slag)/C
Algae* m
AlgaeCalculate extraction yield.
With the water cut in the algae liquid storage tank is that 88.6% chlorella (chlorella) (former algae oil length is 29.145% (butt)) algae liquid, algae mud join in the lp piston; Add-on is 500ml (replenishing add-on); Utilize nitrogengas cylinder that lp piston is pressurizeed, the algae liquid after the pressurization gets in the preheater, and the preheater temperature maintenance is at 80 ℃; Be pressurized to 10MPa, in preheater, stop 0.5h.Then material is released in the vacuum tank, in the vacuum tank vacuum tightness maintain-0.0875～-0.09Mpa, the temperature maintenance of vacuum tank guarantees that at 50 ℃ water exists with gaseous form with this understanding.Water gets into the surge tank behind the vacuum tank with the gasiform form, and the temperature of surge tank is a room temperature, guarantees water liquefaction.Little algae and algae oil behind the broken wall are stayed vacuum tank, reach little algae exsiccant effect.Carry out the test of algae oil extraction yield to collecting the product that obtains in the vacuum tank then, algae oil extraction yield is 86.8% behind the broken wall.
Embodiment 2
With the water cut in the algae liquid storage tank is that 88.6% different oxygen chlorella (chlorella vulga) (former algae oil length is 29.145% (butt)) algae liquid, algae mud join in the lp piston; Add-on is 500ml; Utilize nitrogengas cylinder that lp piston is pressurizeed, the algae liquid after the pressurization gets in the preheater, and the preheater temperature maintenance is at 120 ℃; Be pressurized to 2MPa, in preheater, stop 3h.Then material is released in the vacuum tank, in the vacuum tank vacuum tightness maintain-0.0595～-0.06Mpa, the temperature maintenance of vacuum tank guarantees that at 90 ℃ water exists with gaseous form with this understanding.Water gets into the surge tank behind the vacuum tank with the gasiform form, and the temperature of surge tank is a room temperature, guarantees water liquefaction.Little algae and algae oil behind the broken wall are stayed vacuum tank, reach little algae exsiccant effect.Carry out the test of algae oil extraction yield to collecting the product that obtains in the vacuum tank then, algae oil extraction yield is 94.3% behind the broken wall.
With the water cut in the algae liquid storage tank is that 99.7% brown algae (Phaeodactylum tricornutumBohlin) (former algae oil length is 29.145% (butt)) algae liquid, algae mud join in the lp piston; Add-on is 500ml; Utilize nitrogengas cylinder that lp piston is pressurizeed, the algae liquid after the pressurization gets in the preheater, and the preheater temperature maintenance is at 90 ℃; Be pressurized to 3.3MPa, in preheater, stop 1h.Then material is released in the vacuum tank, in the vacuum tank vacuum tightness maintain-0.0775～-0.08Mpa, the temperature maintenance of vacuum tank guarantees that at 70 ℃ water exists with gaseous form with this understanding.Water gets into the surge tank behind the vacuum tank with the gasiform form, and the temperature of surge tank is a room temperature, guarantees water liquefaction.Little algae and algae oil behind the broken wall are stayed vacuum tank, reach little algae exsiccant effect.Carry out the test of algae oil extraction yield to collecting the product that obtains in the vacuum tank then, algae oil extraction yield is 88.1% behind the broken wall.
With the water cut in the algae liquid storage tank is that 99.7% Dunaliella salina (Dunal iel la) (former algae oil length is 29.145% (butt)) algae liquid, algae mud join in the lp piston; Add-on is 500ml; Utilize nitrogengas cylinder that lp piston is pressurizeed, the algae liquid after the pressurization gets in the preheater, and the preheater temperature maintenance is at 100 ℃; Be pressurized to 3.5MPa, in preheater, stop 1.5h.Then material is released in the vacuum tank, in the vacuum tank vacuum tightness maintain-0.0875～-0.09Mpa, the temperature maintenance of vacuum tank guarantees that at 70 ℃ water exists with gaseous form with this understanding.Water gets into the surge tank behind the vacuum tank with the gasiform form, and the temperature of surge tank is a room temperature, guarantees water liquefaction.Little algae and algae oil behind the broken wall are stayed vacuum tank, reach little algae exsiccant effect.Carry out the test of algae oil extraction yield to collecting the product that obtains in the vacuum tank then, algae oil extraction yield is 93.5% behind the broken wall.
Experiment condition and the experimental result of embodiment 1～embodiment 4 are as shown in table 1:
Table 1
Can find out that by table 1 the broken wall efficient of method provided by the invention is high, more than the algae oil extraction rate reached to 85% behind the broken wall, even reach more than 90%.
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention; For a person skilled in the art; Be appreciated that; Under the situation that does not break away from principle of the present invention and spirit, can carry out multiple variation, modification, replacement and modification to these embodiment, scope of the present invention is limited accompanying claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (9)
1. method of handling little algae comprises:
Little algae algae liquid is in the normal temperature and pressure environment;
Improve the temperature and pressure of little algae algae liquid environment of living in;
Make in the environment after little algae algae liquid continues to be in increasing temperature and pressure;
Make little algae algae liquid directly the environment after above-mentioned increasing temperature and pressure change over to the vacuum environment;
Said normal temperature and pressure environment is room temperature and atmospheric pressure environment.
2. method according to claim 1, the pressure in the environment after the wherein said increasing temperature and pressure are 2～10MPa, and temperature is 80～120 ℃.
3. method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure in the environment after the increasing temperature and pressure is 2～5MPa, temperature is 80～90 ℃.
4. according to each described method in the claim 1～3, kept 0.5～3 hour in the environment of wherein little algae algae liquid after increasing temperature and pressure.
5. method according to claim 4 kept 0.5～2 hour in the environment of wherein little algae algae liquid after increasing temperature and pressure.
6. according to each described method in the claim 1～5, wherein the vacuum tightness in the vacuum environment be-0.06～-0.09MPa, temperature is 50～90 ℃.
7. method according to claim 1, wherein little algae be selected from flat algae, grid algae, haematococcus pulvialis, Porphyridium cruentum, snow algae, tenaculat Habenaria, diatom, brown algae, Chaetoceros, chlorella, different oxygen chlorella, little plan ball algae, grid algae, Crypthecodinium cohnii, chrysophyceae, split in kettle algae, haematococcus pulvialis and the Dunaliella salina one or more.
8. method according to claim 1, wherein said little algae are selected from one or more in chlorella, different oxygen chlorella, brown algae and the Dunaliella salina.
9. device that is used for implementing each described method of claim 1～8 comprises:
The algae liquid storage tank is used for the little algae algae of normal temperature and pressure state storage liquid;
HPP is used for said algae liquid storage tank pressurization;
Well heater is used for said algae liquid storage tank is heated;
The vacuum tank of band vacuum pump wherein keeps hollow and is used to hold the little algae algae liquid from above-mentioned algae liquid storage tank;
Surge tank is used for holding the water of discharging from vacuum tank.
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| CN111363614A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2020-07-03 | 润科生物工程（福建）有限公司 | Method for extracting arachidonic acid grease in non-solvent manner |
| CN113584102A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-11-02 | 济宁学院 | Preparation method of nannochloropsis oculata polysaccharide with antioxidant activity |
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| CN108865415A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2018-11-23 | 太和县乐民现代农业科技有限公司 | A kind of extracting method of peony seed oil |
| CN111363614A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2020-07-03 | 润科生物工程（福建）有限公司 | Method for extracting arachidonic acid grease in non-solvent manner |
| CN113584102A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-11-02 | 济宁学院 | Preparation method of nannochloropsis oculata polysaccharide with antioxidant activity |
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