CN102545013B - Laser gain device and method - Google Patents
Laser gain device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102545013B CN102545013B CN 201210035536 CN201210035536A CN102545013B CN 102545013 B CN102545013 B CN 102545013B CN 201210035536 CN201210035536 CN 201210035536 CN 201210035536 A CN201210035536 A CN 201210035536A CN 102545013 B CN102545013 B CN 102545013B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser gain device and method. The device comprises a gain medium, a pumping source, an optical element and a controller, wherein the gain medium is arranged on an optical path of lasers, and receives a pumping light emitted by the pumping source; the controller is connected with the pumping source and used for controlling the pumping source to emit the pumping light to the gain medium; the pumping light enters the gain medium through the optical element; and the controller is further connected with the optical element and used for controlling the light strength distribution of the pumping light passing through the optical element. The method can be used for controlling the light strength distribution of the pumping light passing the optical element by virtue of the controller so as to change the gain distribution in the gain medium, thus the space modulation is performed on the light strength of laser beams, and the laser loss and damage problems are solved, so that the laser beams can be in uniform distribution and Gaussian distribution.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to laser intensity control technology field, particularly relate to a kind of laser gain device and method.
Background technology
Laser is because its brightness height, monochromaticjty are good, collimation and good condensing performance, the application widely that obtains in fields such as scientific research, military and national defense, industrial processes, astronomical observation and information propagation.In the middle of practical application, people wish to obtain even light distribution or near the laser beam of gaussian-shape light distribution.For example at the laser ablation manufacture field, just need obtain light distribution and try one's best uniform flat top beam to reach optimal etching effect; And under the situation that needs laser to focus on (as the optical fiber coupling of laser welding, laser drilling, laser), just wish to obtain light distribution as far as possible near Gaussian-shaped beam, thereby improve the light intensity after laser focuses on and reduce laser at the spot size at focus place.
Existing light distribution control technology all is the transmission attenuation type, and can be subjected to the restriction as factors such as laser intensity, apertures in actual applications.Application number is that 02820338.0 Chinese patent application discloses a kind of thin-film semiconductor device and manufacture method thereof, it is the photoetching that directly utilizes the mask with certain light intensity transmitance distribution to change the intensity distributions of light beam and be used for semiconductor device, after this method needs the intensity distributions of exploring laser light, design, process the mask that corresponding transmitance distributes, thereby realize the control to the laser intensity distribution, but owing to need technologies such as exposure, development, photographic fixing, the manufacturing time of mask is longer, makes this method receive influence to the real-time of the control of the hot spot distribution of laser; On the other hand, this method is actually light intensity attenuation, will be that the power of laser incurs loss; The damage threshold of this transmission-type mask is lower in addition, has also limited it and has been applied to high power laser light.The patent No. is that 01256697.7 Chinese patent discloses a kind of liquid crystal light valve laser beam spacing shaping device, mention and utilize liquid crystal light valve that the light distribution of laser is controlled, but this method equally also is can't solve laser loss and damage problem by the decay realization to the control that laser intensity distributes.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical problem that will solve
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: prior art obtains even light distribution or can only realize by decay near the laser beam of gaussian-shape light distribution, can't solve laser loss and damage problem.
(2) technical scheme
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of laser gain device.
Wherein, described device comprises gain media, pumping source, optical element and controller, described gain media is arranged on the light path of laser, and receive the pump light that is sent by pumping source, described controller is connected with pumping source, is used for the control pumping source and sends pump light to gain media, and described pump light enters gain media via optical element, described controller also is connected with optical element, is used for control through the light distribution of the pump light of optical element.
Preferably, described optical element comprises liquid crystal light valve, set of lenses and speculum, is provided with liquid crystal light valve, set of lenses and speculum between pumping source and gain media successively, and described controller is connected with liquid crystal light valve.
Preferably, described optical element comprises distorting lens and Fourier transform mirror, is provided with distorting lens and Fourier transform mirror between pumping source and gain media successively, and described controller is connected with distorting lens.
Preferably, described gain media is Nd:YVO4.
The present invention also provides a kind of laser gain method, light path at laser is provided with the gain media that receives pump light, described pump light enters gain media via the optical element that is connected with controller, described controller control is through the light distribution of the pump light of optical element, make pump light go into to inject gain and be situated between preceding light distribution in the marginal range of preset value, with the gain profiles in the ride gain medium, thereby realize the light distribution of laser is modulated to even distribution or Gaussian Profile.
Preferably, the light intensity of described controller control pump light before the incident gain media is at I
PH(x, y) in the marginal range,
Wherein,
In the formula,
A
0Be the light intensity amplitude of laser, I
i(x, y) be laser in the light distribution of the gain media plane of incidence,
λ
lBe optical maser wavelength, λ
pBe the pumping light wavelength, h is planck constant, and c is the light velocity, σ
21Be the stimulated emission cross section of gain media, τ
fBe the upper level lifetime of active ions, α be gain media to the absorption coefficient of pump light, L is the length of gain media, x, y are space coordinates, e is Euler's coefficient.
Preferably, the light intensity of described controller control pump light before the incident gain media is at I
PG(x, y) in the marginal range, wherein,
In the formula,
A
0Be the light intensity amplitude of laser, I
i(x, y) be laser in the light distribution of the gain media plane of incidence,
λ
lBe optical maser wavelength, λ
pBe the pumping light wavelength, h is planck constant, and c is the light velocity, σ
21Be the stimulated emission cross section of gain media, τ
fBe the upper level lifetime of active ions, α be gain media to the absorption coefficient of pump light, L is the length of gain media, x, y are space coordinates, ω is the parameter with a tight waist of Gaussian beam, e is Euler's coefficient.
Preferably, also comprise the incident intensity step of recording laser, under the situation that pumping source is closed, open lasing light emitter, the light distribution I at record gain media plane of incidence place at this moment
i(x y), calculates the light intensity I of pump light before the incident gain media again
PHOr I
PGValue, by the controller control light intensity via the pump light of optical element, make pump light before the incident gain media light intensity at I
PHOr I
PGMarginal range in.
Preferably, described optical element comprises liquid crystal light valve, set of lenses and speculum, is provided with liquid crystal light valve, set of lenses and speculum between the exit facet of pumping source and gain media successively, and described controller is connected with liquid crystal light valve.
Preferably, described optical element comprises distorting lens and Fourier transform mirror, is provided with distorting lens and Fourier transform mirror between the exit facet of pumping source and gain media successively, and described controller is connected with distorting lens.
(3) beneficial effect
Technique scheme has following advantage: the present invention controls light distribution through the pump light of optical element by controller, thereby laser is gained, laser loss and damage problem have been solved, make the light intensity of pump light before the incident gain media in the marginal range of preset value, reach the gain profiles in the ride gain medium, to realize that the light distribution of laser is modulated to even distribution or Gaussian Profile, owing to change the active attenuation that does not exist in the process that laser intensity distributes laser, therefore be easy to realize the light distribution control to high-power laser beams.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of transmission-type laser gain device of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of reflective laser gain apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the device example structure schematic diagram for generation of even intensity laser light beam of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the device example structure schematic diagram for generation of Gauss light light laser light beam of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of a kind of embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, 1: gain media; 2: pumping source; 3: pump light; 4a: liquid crystal light valve; 4b: speculum; 4c: set of lenses; 4a ': distorting lens; 4c ': Fourier transform mirror; 5: the gain media plane of incidence; 6: laser beam; 7: incident laser; 8: controller; 9: the gain media exit facet; 10: electrode wires.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples are used for explanation the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, structural representation for transmission-type laser gain device of the present invention, this laser gain device comprises gain media 1, pumping source 2, optical element and controller 8, described gain media 1 is arranged on the light path of laser, receive the pump light that laser and pumping source 2 send, described controller is connected with pumping source 2, be used for control pumping source 2 and send pump light to gain media 1, and the power that can regulate pump light 3, described pump light 3 enters gain media 1 via optical element, described controller 8 also is connected with optical element, is used for control through the light distribution of the pump light 3 of optical element.The plane of incidence of the gain media 1 of this embodiment is used for receiving laser beam 6, and the pump light that this gain media is used for sending in the absorptive pumping source makes the active ions of self transit to excitation state.The laser that enters gain media 1 can be that continuous laser also can be pulse laser, laser beam can be that once to enter gain media also can be repeatedly to enter gain media, form incident laser, the mode that enters gain media can be that straight-through seeing through also can be to enter behind the medium through reflecting the back from the medium outgoing.This gain media 1 is the plane of incidence 5 towards the face of laser beam, is exit facet towards the face of pumping source 2.This gain media 1 can be solid, liquid or gas gain medium.Controller of the present invention can be various suitable control assemblies, for example single-chip microcomputer, driver.The present invention controls light intensity magnitude through the pump light of optical element by controller, thereby laser beam is gained, having solved laser loss and damage problem, made laser beam can become default shape, can be the distribution of evenly distribution or Gaussian.
As shown in Figure 2, it is the structural representation of reflective laser gain apparatus of the present invention, the gain media 1 of this embodiment is reflective, and incident laser enters and reflects from the plane of incidence 5 of gain media 1, and the plane of incidence among this embodiment and exit facet all are positioned at a side of lasing light emitter.The another side of gain media 1 is coated with double-colored rete, makes pump light transmission to enter gain media 1, and laser then is reflected back toward incident face.This embodiment is coated with rete in order to improve the reflectivity of speculum 4b on the surface of speculum 4b.
Controller of the present invention can be various suitable control elements, for example driver, single-chip microcomputer etc.Optical element of the present invention also can be various suitable opticses, as long as can realize the light distribution of control pump light.As shown in Figure 3, be that the present invention is for generation of the structural representation of even intensity laser light beam, this device comprises gain media 1, pumping source 2, optics and controller 8, described optics comprises liquid crystal light valve 4a, set of lenses 4c and speculum 4b, between pumping source 2 and gain media exit facet 9, be provided with liquid crystal light valve 4a, set of lenses 4c and speculum 4b successively, described controller 8 is driver, and 4a is connected with liquid crystal light valve.The gain media 1 of this embodiment is Nd:YVO4 (Nd-doped yttrium vanadate), is four level system, can ignore it and be excited sink effect, and the gain media plane of incidence 5 and gain media exit facet 9 are arranged; Laser beam 6 enters the gain media plane of incidence 5 and forms incident laser 7, and this incident laser is that the wavelength that laser oscillator is launched is the laser beam of 1064nm, and the light distribution that arrives the incident laser beam cross-section on gain media surface is I
i(x, y); Pumping source 2 is the semiconductor laser through collimation, and the output light wavelength is 808nm; Liquid crystal light valve 4a can be by its liquid crystal array of control bias voltage profile u (x y) changes its transmitance and distributes; The minute surface of speculum 4b is coated with to 808nm pump light high reflectance, to the rete of 1064nm laser high permeability; Set of lenses 4c is a plurality of lens, and its effect is that pump light 3 is expanded or the bundle that contracts, and the aperture of itself and incident laser 7 is complementary; Driver is connected with liquid crystal light valve 4a by electrode wires 10, is used for applying voltage by the 10 pairs of liquid crystal light valves of electrode wires that connect liquid crystal light valve 4a, passes the light distribution of the pump light 3 of liquid crystal light valve 4a to reach control.Under the driving of driver, obtain certain voltage on the electrode wires 10 of connection liquid crystal light valve array 4a, make the pump light of being launched by pumping source 23 arrive gain media exit facet 9 through liquid crystal light valve 4a, set of lenses 4c and behind speculum 4b, advance gain media 1 and produce gain profiles g (x through gain media exit facet 9 vertical incidence again, y, z).As special case, if gain media 1 is plate, because through collimation, the gain profiles in the gain media 1 can be similar to the exponential damping that is considered as the pump light light distribution.As shown in Figure 4, be that the present invention is for generation of the structural representation of even intensity laser light beam, this device is identical with device shown in Figure 3, it is the shape difference of laser beam, control the light distribution of the pump light 3 that passes liquid crystal light valve 4a by driver, to form Gaussian-shaped beam as shown in Figure 4.
As shown in Figure 5, structural representation for another kind of embodiment of the present invention, different with Fig. 4 embodiment with Fig. 3 is, the optical element of this embodiment comprises distorting lens 4a ', Fourier transform mirror 4c ' and speculum 4b, be provided with distorting lens 4a ' and Fourier transform mirror 4c ' between pumping source 2 and gain media exit facet 9 successively, driver is connected with distorting lens 4a '.The device of this embodiment is to control distorting lens 4a ' by driver, thereby the position that changes pump light 3 distributes mutually, and by Fourier transform mirror 4c ' variation that the pump light position distributes is mutually projected to light distribution, light distribution and the pore size of control pump light have been realized equally, thereby laser beam is gained, laser loss and damage problem have been solved, make pump light in the marginal range of light intensity in predetermined value of the exit facet of gain media, reach the gain profiles in the ride gain medium, to realize that the light distribution of laser beam is modulated to even distribution or Gaussian Profile.
The present invention also provides a kind of laser gain method, light path at laser is provided with the gain media that receives pump light, described pump light enters gain media via the optical element that is connected with controller, described controller control is through the light distribution of the pump light of optical element, make pump light go into to inject gain and be situated between preceding light distribution in the marginal range of preset value, with the gain profiles in the ride gain medium, thereby realize the light distribution of laser is modulated to even distribution or Gaussian Profile.This method utilizes controller to control light intensity magnitude through the pump light of optical element, thereby laser beam is gained, having solved laser loss and damage problem, made laser beam can become default shape, can be the even distribution used always or the distribution of Gaussian.
Laser gain method of the present invention is provided with the gain media that receives pump light in the light path of laser, it is g (x that pump light enters the gain profiles that produces in the gain media via the liquid crystal light valve of driver control, y, z), described driver control is passed the light distribution of the pump light of liquid crystal light valve, thereby the change gain media, the light distribution of pump light can be expressed as in the relation of gain profiles:
The light distribution that method of the present invention can be controlled pump light is arbitrary shape.Preferably, make the light intensity of pump light of exit facet of gain media at I
PH(x, y) or I
PG(x, in marginal range y), namely the light intensity of the exit facet of gain media is at I
PH(x, y) or I
PG(x, in upper and lower bound scope y), both equate under the special case situation.
Wherein:
In the formula,
A
0Be the light intensity amplitude of laser, I
i(x y) is the incident laser light distribution, and x, y are space coordinates,
Be saturated light intensity, λ
lBe optical maser wavelength, λ
pBe the pumping light wavelength, h is planck constant, and c is the light velocity, σ
21Be the stimulated emission cross section of gain media, τ
fBe the upper level lifetime of active ions, α be gain media to the absorption coefficient of pump light, L is the length of gain media, ω is the gauss light beam waist parameter, e is Euler's coefficient.
When laser gain method of the present invention used optical element to comprise the device of liquid crystal light valve, set of lenses and speculum, this laser gain method realized that the process of laser gain is as follows:
At first, under the situation that pumping source is not opened, start lasing light emitter, record light distribution at this moment is I
i(x, y);
Secondly, the distribution I of the pump light of the arrival gain media exit facet that utilizes formula (2) or (3) to calculate to execute
p(x, y); Open pumping source, and utilize the driver control liquid crystal light valve, with the light distribution of the outgoing that changes pump light, and regulate set of lenses, make being distributed as far as possible near I of pump light on gain media surface
PH(x, y) or I
PG(x, y), namely at I
PH(x, y) or I
PG(x y) in the marginal range, just can obtain approaching evenly or the light distribution of gaussian-shape.
When the light distribution from the laser beam cross section of gain media incidence surface is when evenly distributing, at this moment,
At this moment, the pump light of gain media outgoing is distributed as I
PH(x, y) in the marginal range, A
0Be the light intensity amplitude of laser, the radius of r laser beam.
When the light distribution from gain media exit surface emitting laser beam cross-section is the distribution of Gaussian
At this moment the pump light of gain media exit facet is distributed as I
PG(x is y) in the marginal range.
When laser gain method of the present invention uses optical element to comprise distorting lens, Fourier transform mirror and speculum, method of the present invention is the position distribution mutually that changes pump light by the driver control distorting lens, and projects to light distribution I by the variation that the Fourier transform mirror distributes the pump light position mutually
p(x, y) on, its correlation is:
Wherein, FT () is Fourier transform operator; I
P0(x, y) and φ
0(x is output intensity distribution and the position distribution mutually of pump light y), can record before device is set up; Δ φ (x, y) for the position that distorting lens is introduced distributes mutually, i is imaginary unit, k is the pump light wave vector.Therefore, in the present embodiment, (x y), makes pump light at the light distribution I at gain media place to Δ φ only to need to utilize the position of regulating the distorting lens introducing to distribute mutually
p(x y) is tending towards I in formula (2), (3)
PH(x, y) or I
PG(x y), just can realize changing the light distribution of incident laser into even distribution or Gaussian Profile.
As can be seen from the above embodiments, the embodiment of the invention is controlled light distribution through the pump light of optical element by controller, thereby laser beam is gained, laser loss and damage problem in the laser intensity distribution control have been solved, make pump light in the marginal range of light intensity in predetermined value of the exit facet of gain media, reach the gain profiles in the ride gain medium, to realize that the light distribution of laser beam is modulated to even distribution or Gaussian Profile.This method makes being distributed as at I of pump light on gain media surface by the control pump light
PH(x, y) or I
PG(x y) in the marginal range, just can obtain approaching evenly or the distribution of the laser intensity of gaussian-shape.
The above only is preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvement and replacement, these improvement and replacement also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. laser gain device, it is characterized in that, comprise gain media, pumping source, optical element and controller, described gain media is arranged on the light path of laser, and receives the pump light that is sent by pumping source, and described controller is connected with pumping source, be used for the control pumping source and send pump light to gain media, described pump light enters gain media via optical element, and described controller also is connected with optical element, is used for control through the light distribution of the pump light of optical element;
The light intensity of described controller control pump light before the incident gain media is at I
PH(x, y) in the marginal range, wherein,
In the formula,
A
0Be the light intensity amplitude of laser, I
i(x, y) be laser in the light distribution of the gain media plane of incidence,
λ
lBe optical maser wavelength, λ
pBe the pumping light wavelength, h is planck constant, and c is the light velocity, σ
21Be the stimulated emission cross section of gain media, τ
fBe the upper level lifetime of active ions, α be gain media to the absorption coefficient of pump light, L is the length of gain media, x, y are space coordinates, e is Euler's coefficient; Or:
The light intensity of described controller control pump light before the incident gain media is at I
PG(x, y) in the marginal range, wherein,
In the formula,
A
0Be the light intensity amplitude of laser, I
i(x, y) be laser in the light distribution of the gain media plane of incidence,
λ
lBe optical maser wavelength, λ
pBe the pumping light wavelength, h is planck constant, and c is the light velocity, σ
21Be the stimulated emission cross section of gain media, τ
fBe the upper level lifetime of active ions, α be gain media to the absorption coefficient of pump light, L is the length of gain media, x, y are space coordinates, ω is the parameter with a tight waist of Gaussian beam, e is Euler's coefficient.
2. device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described optical element comprises liquid crystal light valve, set of lenses and speculum, is provided with liquid crystal light valve, set of lenses and speculum between pumping source and gain media successively, and described controller is connected with liquid crystal light valve.
3. device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described optical element comprises distorting lens and Fourier transform mirror, is provided with distorting lens and Fourier transform mirror between pumping source and gain media successively, and described controller is connected with distorting lens.
4. as any one described device among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that described gain media is Nd:YVO4.
5. laser gain method, it is characterized in that, light path at laser is provided with the gain media that receives pump light, described pump light enters gain media via the optical element that is connected with controller, described controller control is through the light distribution of the pump light of optical element, make pump light go into to inject gain and be situated between preceding light distribution in the marginal range of preset value, with the gain profiles in the ride gain medium, thereby realize the light distribution of laser is modulated to even distribution or Gaussian Profile;
The light intensity of described controller control pump light before the incident gain media is at I
PH(x, y) in the marginal range, wherein,
In the formula,
A
0Be the light intensity amplitude of laser, I
i(x, y) be laser in the light distribution of the gain media plane of incidence,
λ
lBe optical maser wavelength, λ
pBe the pumping light wavelength, h is planck constant, and c is the light velocity, σ
21Be the stimulated emission cross section of gain media, τ
fBe the upper level lifetime of active ions, α be gain media to the absorption coefficient of pump light, L is the length of gain media, x, y are space coordinates, e is Euler's coefficient; Or:
The light intensity of described controller control pump light before the incident gain media is at I
PG(x, y) in the marginal range, wherein,
In the formula,
A
0Be the light intensity amplitude of laser, I
i(x, y) be laser in the light distribution of the gain media plane of incidence,
λ
lBe optical maser wavelength, λ
pBe the pumping light wavelength, h is planck constant, and c is the light velocity, σ
21Be the stimulated emission cross section of gain media, τ
fBe the upper level lifetime of active ions, α be gain media to the absorption coefficient of pump light, L is the length of gain media, x, y are space coordinates, ω is the parameter with a tight waist of Gaussian beam, e is Euler's coefficient.
6. method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, also comprises the incident intensity step of recording laser, under the situation that pumping source is closed, opens lasing light emitter, the light distribution I at record gain media plane of incidence place at this moment
i(x y), calculates the light intensity I of pump light before the incident gain media again
PHOr I
PGValue, by the controller control light intensity via the pump light of optical element, make pump light before the incident gain media light intensity at I
PHOr I
PGMarginal range in.
7. as any one described method among the claim 5-6, it is characterized in that, described optical element comprises liquid crystal light valve, set of lenses and speculum, is provided with liquid crystal light valve, set of lenses and speculum between the exit facet of pumping source and gain media successively, and described controller is connected with liquid crystal light valve.
8. as any one described method among the claim 5-6, it is characterized in that, described optical element comprises distorting lens and Fourier transform mirror, is provided with distorting lens and Fourier transform mirror between the exit facet of pumping source and gain media successively, and described controller is connected with distorting lens.
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| CN2511023Y (en) * | 2001-11-24 | 2002-09-11 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Liquid-crystal light valve laser-beam space shaping apparatus |
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