CN102544654A - Varactor electrically-adjustable micro-strip filter - Google Patents
Varactor electrically-adjustable micro-strip filter Download PDFInfo
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- MTRJKZUDDJZTLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron yttrium Chemical compound [Fe].[Y] MTRJKZUDDJZTLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The invention discloses a varactor electrically-adjustable micro-strip filter. The varactor electrically-adjustable micro-strip filter comprises an input micro-strip line, a first resonator, a second resonator, a third resonator, a fourth resonator and an output micro-strip line, wherein the first resonator and the fourth resonator are opened outwards and are arranged in parallel in a mirror image manner; the adjacent parts of the first resonator and the fourth resonator form magnetic coupling; the second resonator and the third resonator are opened inwards, arranged in parallel in a mirror image manner and positioned above the first resonator and the fourth resonator; the adjacent parts of the second resonator and the third resonator form electric coupling; and the input micro-strip line and the output micro-strip line are positioned below the first resonator and the fourth resonator respectively and are arranged in parallel in a mirror image manner. By adoption of the magnetic coupling and electric coupling cross coupling structure, the filter has the ellipse-like function characteristics and has transmission zero point on the sideband, so that the filter has good rectangular coefficient and improved filtering performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electron trade signal processing technology field, but relate in particular to a kind of varactor electricity tone category filter.
Background technology
The electricity tunable filter is used for the occasion of frequency change, particularly in the radar detection field, is used for signal is carried out filtering, thereby obtains purer frequency spectrum, improves the antijamming capability of system.The electricity tunable filter is divided into electric tunable filter of yttrium iron garnet (Yttrium Iron Garnet, be called for short YIG) and two types of the electric tunable filters of varactor usually.YIG electricity tunable filter has very high quality factor, but owing to receive the influence of hysteresis effect, its tuned speed is slow, can not be applicable to the frequency agility occasion.Varactor electrically tunable filter tuned speed is fast, can satisfy the needs of frequency agility, selects for use the varactor of high quality factor can obtain higher quality factor.
Because the difficulty brought in coupling and design, the varactor electrically tunable filter all is the comb filter structure usually, and this structure can't type of realization elliptic function filter characteristic, can't suppress nearby pass lower.And type elliptic function filter be owing to can produce transmission zero near passband, thereby its filtering performance is greatly improved, but its coupled mode to filter has specific requirement.
In realizing process of the present invention; The applicant recognizes that there is following technological deficiency in prior art: existing varactor electrically tunable filter adopts Butterworth comprehensive or Chebyshev is comprehensive usually; These Filter Design scheme squareness factors are bad; Do not have precipitous edge, thereby bad, thereby suppress demanding occasion at sideband and can not satisfy the demands the filter effect of sideband.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that (one) will solve
For solving the above problems, but the invention provides a kind of varactor electricity tone category elliptic function filter, utilize four joint half-wave resonator cell design to have the class elliptic function filter of four transmission zeros, reach good sideband and suppress effect; Make such elliptic function filter realize that electricity is adjustable simultaneously, be applied to the bias voltage on the varactor through adjusting, the centre frequency that makes this varactor electrically tunable filter is along with applied voltage changes, to satisfy the needs of frequency agility.
(2) technical scheme
The invention provides a kind of electric tunable filter.This filter comprises: input microstrip line, first resonator, second resonator, the 3rd resonator, the 4th resonator and output microstrip line.Wherein, first resonator and the 4th resonator opening are outside, mirror image setting side by side, and both positions adjacent to one another form the magnetic coupling; Second resonator and the 3rd resonator opening are inside; Mirror image is arranged at the top of first resonator and the 4th resonator side by side, and both positions adjacent to one another form electric coupling, and input microstrip line and output microstrip line lay respectively at the below of first micro-strip resonantor and the 4th micro-strip resonantor; Mirror image setting side by side; Both is terminal all along direction deviation 90 degree away from first micro-strip resonantor and second micro-strip resonantor, and two deviations partly are parallel to each other, and form electric coupling.
(3) beneficial effect
Can find out that from technique scheme varactor electricity tunable filter of the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) owing to adopted the cross-couplings resonator structure, make filter type of having elliptic function characteristic, sideband has transmission zero, thereby makes filter have good squareness factor, has improved filtering performance;
(2) owing to adopted input, output coupling circuit; Utilize this input, output coupling as a cross-couplings for filter; Cross-couplings between the resonator is as another cross-couplings of filter; Make filter of the present invention on identical resonator number, construct a cross-couplings than traditional class elliptic function filter more, thereby increased a pair of transmission zero, four joint resonator structures have two pairs of transmission zeros; Thereby make filter have better squareness factor, filtering performance is better;
(3) owing to adopted the varactor electricity to transfer structure, change the centre frequency of filtering through the VT that changes on the varactor, and keep the shape invariance of filter curve, the centre frequency of filter has very fast tuned speed, satisfies the demand of frequency agility.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of embodiment of the invention varactor electricity tunable filter;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of resonator in the embodiment of the invention varactor electricity tunable filter;
Fig. 3 is the emulation of embodiment of the invention varactor electricity tunable filter and the response curve under the actual measurement.
Embodiment
For making the object of the invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and with reference to accompanying drawing, to further explain of the present invention.Though this paper can provide the demonstration of the parameter that comprises particular value, should be appreciated that parameter need not definitely to equal corresponding value, but can in acceptable error margin or design constraint, be similar to corresponding value.
In Theory of Electromagnetic Field, electromagnetic wave form with sine wave on transmission line is transmitted, and can appear at ad-hoc location and voltage wave peak dot and nodal point occur, and at the voltage wave peak dot, voltage reaches maximum, and this moment, electric current was 0, showed as the form of electric field; At the voltage wave node, voltage reaches minimum value, and electric current reaches maximum, shows as the form in magnetic field.The coupling that relies on electric field to carry out electromagnetic energy is called electric coupling, and the coupling that relies on magnetic field to carry out is called the magnetic coupling, when being coupled by electric field and magnetic field acting in conjunction, is called hybrid coupled.
For any one transmission line structure, because its open end electric current can't pass through, electric current is 0, and electromagnetic wave always demonstrates the voltage wave peak dot, shows as the electric field form, the electromagnetic energy that carries out herein be coupled as electric coupling.At the earth point of transmission line, voltage reaches minimum value, and do not have voltage difference between itself and the ground this moment, and this moment, electromagnetic electric current reached maximum, showed as the form in magnetic field, and that carries out herein is coupled as the magnetic coupling.To a half-wave open-loop resonator, its two ends open circuit, electromagnetic wave reaches voltage max at the resonator two ends, shows as electric field, can only carry out electric coupling; In the centre of open-loop resonator, because electromagnetic periodic law can only be the voltage wave node, show as magnetic field, can only carry out the magnetic coupling here; In other position then is hybrid coupled.
Fig. 1 is that varactor electricity of the present invention is transferred the microstrip filter structure chart.For clarity sake, do not provide the bias circuit of varactor among Fig. 1.As shown in Figure 1, this filter comprises: input microstrip line, first resonator, second resonator, the 3rd resonator, the 4th resonator and output microstrip line.First resonator, second resonator, the 3rd resonator and the 4th resonator are the resonator of identical resonance microstrip line length.Wherein, the micro-band resonance line is the shape of half " worker " font in a left side in first resonator, and first resonator and the 4th resonator opening are outside, mirror image setting side by side, and both positions adjacent to one another form the magnetic coupling; The micro-band resonance line is the inboard shape of corner open rectangle down in second resonator; Second resonator and the 3rd resonator opening are inside, and mirror image setting side by side lays respectively at the top of first resonator and the 4th resonator; Both positions adjacent to one another form electric coupling; Input microstrip line and output microstrip line lay respectively at the below of first micro-strip resonantor and the 4th micro-strip resonantor, mirror image setting side by side, and both is terminal all along direction deviation 90 degree away from first micro-strip resonantor and second micro-strip resonantor; Two deviations partly are parallel to each other, and form electric coupling.
In the present embodiment, parallel first micro-strip resonantor that is coupled to of input microstrip line is the hybrid coupled pattern between the two, i.e. electric coupling and magnetic coupling acting in conjunction; Be hybrid coupled between first resonator and second resonator; Be electric coupling between second resonator and the 3rd resonator; Be hybrid coupled between the 3rd resonator and the 4th resonator; Parallel the 4th micro-strip resonantor that is coupled to of output microstrip line is the hybrid coupled pattern between the two; Be electric coupling between input microstrip line and the output microstrip line.
This filter has two cross coupling structures: constitute first cross coupling structure by first resonator, second resonator, the 3rd resonator and the 4th resonator; Coupling between first resonator and the 4th resonator forms cross-couplings, i.e. coupling between the transmission unit of non-adjacent sequence number; Constitute second cross coupling structure by input microstrip line, first resonator, the 4th resonator and output microstrip line, the coupling between input microstrip line and the input microstrip line forms cross-couplings.Each cross coupling structure can form two transmission zeros, thereby this filter has four transmission zeros, has improved the signal suppressing ability to neighboring trace.
Below respectively each part of varactor electricity tunable filter is elaborated.
1, resonator.Resonator is the elementary cell of filter, is made up of open loop micro-band resonance line and varactor.Resonator of the present invention is: the half-wave resonator of the single-ended loading of varactor.The positive pole of varactor is received an end of open loop micro-strip resonantor, minus earth, and VT Vt is added to the varactor negative pole through bias resistance R1, forms the bias voltage path of varactor, and is as shown in Figure 2.
A, micro-band resonance line.
The micro-band resonance line adopts 50 ohm characteristic impedance transmission lines, calculates the length d of micro-band resonance line in the single-ended loading half-wave resonator of varactor according to formula 1:
F wherein
0Be the centre frequency of filter, Z
0Be line characteristic impedance, C is for loading the capacitance value of varactor, and β is the Propagation of guided waves constant.
B, varactor.For reducing to insert loss, select high Q varactor for use as far as possible, the capacitance size is got little under the situation that satisfies frequency transfer scope as far as possible, because the Q value and the capacitance of varactor are inversely proportional to.Under the situation of given micro-band resonance line length, suppose that the centre frequency transfer area requirement of filter is f
1～f
2, the capacitance variation scope that then requires varactor is C
1～C
2The electric capacity of varactor is transferred the scope demand and is calculated by 2 formulas:
2, input microstrip line and output microstrip line.
Input, output microstrip line adopt 50 ohm characteristic impedance microstrip transmission lines, and the electric coupling of the terminal structure of their open circuit pair of parallel with thinking that filter provides the pair of cross coupling, forms a pair of transmission zero, and is as shown in Figure 1.
The big I of coupling coefficient is calculated according to formula 3 between input, the output line.Its coupling size has determined the distance of the position of transmission zero apart from passband.If this coupling is excessive, then transmission zero is very near apart from passband, and the band outside inhibitory can will descend to some extent; If this coupling is too small, then transmission zero is far away excessively apart from getting around regulations band, and the squareness factor of filtering is with variation.
M wherein
14Be resonator 1, the size of coupling amount between 4, Q
eBe outside loaded quality factor, it is used to represent the annexation between the input/output line resonator, f
0Be centre frequency, f
1And f
2Be respectively the frequency of two transmission zeros that desire establishes, k is a coupling factor, and comprehensively going out the k value is 1.597, changes position that k value will make transmission zero and produces and squint.
3, cross-couplings resonator.
First resonator, second resonator, the 3rd resonator and the 4th resonator have constituted a complete cross-couplings resonator element among Fig. 1; Carry out cross-couplings by first resonator and the 4th resonator, the coupling coefficient of this cross-couplings resonator can be calculated by (4) formula.
f
01The natural frequency of representing first resonator, f
04The natural frequency of representing the 4th resonator; f
P1Represent that this is to the oscillation point of coupled resonators at the frequency low side, f
P2Represent this to coupled resonators at the high-end oscillation point of frequency.But emulation draws two crest frequency points after being undertaken that the outside is weak and loaded by coupled resonators.(4) negative sign is got in electric coupling in the formula, and positive sign is got in the magnetic coupling, because the cross-couplings in the instance of the present invention is the coupling of magnetic magnetic, symbol should just be got.
The design process of the embodiment of the invention is roughly following:
One, design parameter: centre frequency transfer scope is 1.4GHz～1.8GHz, and relative bandwidth FBW is 0.04.The relevant parameter that covers the little band plate of copper that adopts is: dielectric constant: 3.2, and dielectric thickness: 1mm;
Two, by above-mentioned design parameter and peripheral parameter; When frequency was 1.8GHz, the loading capacitance of establishing resonator was that the length d that 1.1pF obtains open loop micro-band resonance line is 48mm, and the capacitance variations scope that is calculated varactor by formula 2 is at least 1.1pF to 1.4pF; Result according to aforementioned calculation; Can select the varactor of model SMV1233 for use, its corresponding capacitance is 1.1pF6V, 3pF1V.
Three, the parameters such as bending length of adjusting spacing between each resonator, input microstrip line and output microstrip line obtain best filter curve; Then this filter of adjusting is extracted its coupling coefficient and external sort factor, the filter of later same type can normalize to the centre frequency that needs according to good coupling coefficient of this optimization and external sort factor and design.The coupling coefficient of this filter and external sort factor are respectively:
Dielectric constant at medium is 3.3, and under the situation of dielectric thickness 1mm, the concrete structural parameters of this filter are: the coupling length of I/O microstrip line is 3mm, and spacing is 1.1mm; Coupling length between first resonator and second resonator is 13mm, spacing 2.1mm; Coupling length between second resonator and the 3rd resonator is 11mm, spacing 0.9mm; Coupling length between the 3rd resonator and the 4th resonator is 13mm, spacing 2.1mm; Coupling length between the 1st resonator and the 4th resonator is 13mm, spacing 3.5mm; The coupling length of the I/O microstrip line and first resonator and second resonator is 23mm, spacing 0.5mm, and the total length of little band section is 48mm in the resonator.
Fig. 3 is S parameter S 21 response curves of this filter, and wherein solid line is actual test curve, and dotted line is a simulation curve, and simulation curve and actual test curve coincide good.When the applied voltage of varactor was regulated by 2V～6V, the centre frequency of filter moved on to 1.8GHZ by 1.4GHz, and S21 has remained four transmission zeros simultaneously, and the band outside inhibitory can be good.
The varactor of the length of resonator micro-band resonance line and use can be made corresponding change according to formula in the present embodiment, as long as can satisfy the frequency transfer scope of filter.After particularly adopting the varactor of higher Q value, like MA4ST250, it inserts loss can obtain improvement to a certain degree.
Above-described specific embodiment; The object of the invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect have been carried out further explain, and institute it should be understood that the above is merely specific embodiment of the present invention; Be not limited to the present invention; All within spirit of the present invention and principle, any modification of being made, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. but a varactor electricity tone category filter is characterized in that, comprising: input microstrip line, first resonator, second resonator, the 3rd resonator, the 4th resonator and output microstrip line; Wherein, first resonator, second resonator, the 3rd resonator and the 4th resonator are the resonator of identical micro-band resonance line length;
First resonator and the 4th resonator opening are outside, mirror image setting side by side, and both positions adjacent to one another form the magnetic coupling;
Second resonator and the 3rd resonator opening are inside, and mirror image setting side by side lays respectively at the top of first resonator and the 4th resonator, and both positions adjacent to one another form electric coupling;
Input microstrip line and output microstrip line lay respectively at the below of first micro-strip resonantor and the 4th micro-strip resonantor; Mirror image setting side by side; Both is terminal all along direction deviation 90 degree away from first micro-strip resonantor and second micro-strip resonantor, and two deviations partly are parallel to each other, and form electric coupling.
2. but varactor electricity tone category filter according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Constitute first cross coupling structure by first resonator, second resonator, the 3rd resonator and the 4th resonator, the coupling between first resonator and the 4th resonator forms cross-couplings;
Constitute second cross coupling structure by input microstrip line, first resonator, the 4th resonator and output microstrip line, the coupling between input microstrip line and the input microstrip line forms cross-couplings.
But 3. varactor electricity tone category filter according to claim 2, wherein,
Be hybrid coupled between first resonator and second resonator;
Be hybrid coupled between the 3rd resonator and the 4th resonator;
Parallel first micro-strip resonantor that is coupled to of input microstrip line is hybrid coupled between the two;
Parallel the 4th micro-strip resonantor that is coupled to of output microstrip line is hybrid coupled between the two.
But 4. varactor electricity tone category filter according to claim 2, wherein,
Said first resonator, second resonator, the 3rd resonator and the 4th resonator are the half-wave resonator of the single-ended loading of varactor;
This half-wave resonator comprises: the micro-band resonance line; Varactor, its minus earth, its positive pole are received an end and the VT end of micro-band resonance line;
For first resonator, its micro-band resonance line is the shape of half " worker " font in a left side, and its left upper end is connected to the varactor positive pole;
For second resonator, its micro-band resonance line is the inboard shape of corner open rectangle down, and its bottom righthand side is connected to the anodal end of varactor.
But 5. varactor electricity tone category filter according to claim 4, wherein, the micro-band resonance line is 50 ohm characteristic impedance transmission lines, and its length is d, and wherein d satisfies following formula:
Wherein, f
0Be the centre frequency of said varactor electricity tunable filter, Z
0Be the characteristic impedance of micro-band resonance line, C is the center capacitance value of varactor, and β is the Propagation of guided waves constant.
6. but varactor electricity tone category filter according to claim 5, wherein, the capacitance variation scope of varactor is C
1～C
2, C wherein
1And C
2Satisfy:
Wherein, f
1And f
2Be respectively the frequency of two transmission zeros that desire establishes.
But 7. varactor electricity tone category filter according to claim 6, wherein, coupling coefficient M between input microstrip line, the output microstrip line
IoSatisfy:
Wherein, M
14Be the coupling coefficient between first resonator, the 4th resonator, Q
eBe outside loaded quality factor, f
0Be centre frequency, k=1.597 is a coupling factor.
But 8. varactor electricity tone category filter according to claim 7, wherein, the coupling coefficient M between first resonator, the 4th resonator
14Satisfy:
Wherein, f
01The natural frequency of representing first resonator, f
04The natural frequency of representing the 4th resonator; f
P1Represent that this is to the oscillation point of coupled resonators at the frequency low side, f
P2Represent this to coupled resonators at the high-end oscillation point of frequency.
But 9. varactor electricity tone category filter according to claim 8, its centre frequency transfer scope is 1.4GHz～1.8GHz, relative bandwidth is 0.04; Coupling coefficient M between its first resonator, second resonator
12, the coupling coefficient M between the 3rd resonator, the 4th resonator
34, the coupling coefficient M between second resonator, the 3rd resonator
23, M
14And Q
eSatisfy:
But 10. varactor electricity tone category filter according to claim 8, its centre frequency transfer scope is 1.4GHz～1.8GHz, relative bandwidth is 0.04;
The dielectric constant of used little band plate medium is 3.2, and dielectric thickness is 1mm;
When frequency is 1.8GHz, C=1.1pF, C
1=1.1pF, C
2=1.4pF, d=48mm;
The coupling length of I/O microstrip line is 3mm, and spacing is 1.1mm;
Coupling length between first resonator and second resonator is 13mm, spacing 2.1mm;
Coupling length between second resonator and the 3rd resonator is 11mm, spacing 0.9mm;
Coupling length between the 3rd resonator and the 4th resonator is 13mm, spacing 2.1mm;
Coupling length between first resonator and the 4th resonator is 13mm, spacing 3.5mm;
The coupling length of the I/O microstrip line and first resonator and second resonator is 23mm, spacing 0.5mm.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104409810A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-03-11 | 天津大学 | Micro-strip dual-passband filter based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling |
| CN104966872A (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2015-10-07 | 成都顺为超导科技股份有限公司 | High-temperature superconducting filter device with controllable transmission zero |
| CN106816674A (en) * | 2017-02-13 | 2017-06-09 | 石家庄创天电子科技有限公司 | A kind of many transmission zero wave filters |
| CN109167136A (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2019-01-08 | 成都信息工程大学 | A kind of microstrip structure |
| CN110380167A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2019-10-25 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of the adjustable of microstrip line form single-ended arrives balance filter |
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| CN110380167A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2019-10-25 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of the adjustable of microstrip line form single-ended arrives balance filter |
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| CN102544654B (en) | 2014-10-29 |
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