CN102544654B - Varactor electrically-adjustable micro-strip filter - Google Patents
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- CN102544654B CN102544654B CN201210048384.5A CN201210048384A CN102544654B CN 102544654 B CN102544654 B CN 102544654B CN 201210048384 A CN201210048384 A CN 201210048384A CN 102544654 B CN102544654 B CN 102544654B
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- 230000001808 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000006880 cross-coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- UVXIKKWNYGPENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron;oxo(oxoferriooxy)yttrium;oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O.O=[Fe]O[Y]=O.O=[Y]O[Y]=O UVXIKKWNYGPENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention discloses a varactor electrically-adjustable micro-strip filter. The varactor electrically-adjustable micro-strip filter comprises an input micro-strip line, a first resonator, a second resonator, a third resonator, a fourth resonator and an output micro-strip line, wherein the first resonator and the fourth resonator are opened outwards and are arranged in parallel in a mirror image manner; the adjacent parts of the first resonator and the fourth resonator form magnetic coupling; the second resonator and the third resonator are opened inwards, arranged in parallel in a mirror image manner and positioned above the first resonator and the fourth resonator; the adjacent parts of the second resonator and the third resonator form electric coupling; and the input micro-strip line and the output micro-strip line are positioned below the first resonator and the fourth resonator respectively and are arranged in parallel in a mirror image manner. By adoption of the magnetic coupling and electric coupling cross coupling structure, the filter has the ellipse-like function characteristics and has transmission zero point on the sideband, so that the filter has good rectangular coefficient and improved filtering performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electron trade signal processing technology field, relating in particular to a kind of varactor electricity can tone category filter.
Background technology
Electricity tunable filter, for the occasion of frequency change, particularly in radar detection field, for signal is carried out to filtering, thereby obtains purer frequency spectrum, improves the antijamming capability of system.Electricity tunable filter is divided into the electric tunable filter of yttrium iron garnet (Yttrium Iron Garnet is called for short YIG) and varactor electricity tunable filter two classes conventionally.YIG electricity tunable filter has very high quality factor, but owing to being subject to the impact of hysteresis effect, its tuned speed is slow, can not be applicable to frequency agility occasion.Varactor electrically tunable filter tuned speed is fast, can meet the needs of frequency agility, selects the varactor of high quality factor can obtain higher quality factor.
Due to the difficulty of bringing in coupling and design, varactor electrically tunable filter is all comb filter structure conventionally, and this structure cannot realize class elliptic function filter characteristic, cannot nearby pass be suppressed lowlyer.And quasi-ellipse function filters is owing to can produce transmission zero near passband, thereby its filtering performance is greatly improved, but its coupled mode to filter has specific requirement.
Realizing in process of the present invention, applicant recognizes that prior art exists following technological deficiency: existing varactor electrically tunable filter adopts that Butterworth is comprehensive or Chebyshev is comprehensive conventionally, the design squareness factor of these filters is bad, there is no precipitous edge, thereby bad to the filter effect of sideband, thereby require high occasion not satisfy the demands at suppress sideband.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical problem that will solve
For solving the above problems, the invention provides the adjustable quasi-ellipse function filters of a kind of varactor electricity, utilize four joint half-wave resonator Unit Designs to have the quasi-ellipse function filters of four transmission zeros, reach good suppress sideband effect; Make this quasi-ellipse function filters realize electricity adjustable simultaneously, be applied to the bias voltage on varactor by adjusting, make the centre frequency of this varactor electrically tunable filter along with applied voltage changes, to meet the needs of frequency agility.
(2) technical scheme
The invention provides a kind of electric tunable filter.This filter comprises: input microstrip line, the first resonator, the second resonator, the 3rd resonator, the 4th resonator and output microstrip line.Wherein, the first resonator and the 4th resonator outward opening, mirror image setting side by side, both form magnetic coupling in position adjacent to one another; The second resonator and the 3rd resonator opening are inside, mirror image is arranged at the top of the first resonator and the 4th resonator side by side, both form electric coupling in position adjacent to one another, input microstrip line and output microstrip line lay respectively at the below of the first micro-strip resonantor and the 4th micro-strip resonantor, mirror image setting side by side, both ends are respectively along spending away from the direction deviation 90 of the first micro-strip resonantor and the 4th micro-strip resonantor, and two deviation parts are parallel to each other, and form electric coupling.
(3) beneficial effect
Can find out from technique scheme, varactor electricity tunable filter of the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) owing to having adopted cross-couplings resonator structure, make filter there is class elliptic function characteristic, sideband has transmission zero, thereby makes filter have good squareness factor, has improved filtering performance;
(2) owing to having adopted input, output coupling circuit, utilize this input, output to be coupled as a cross-couplings into filter, cross-couplings between resonator is as another cross-couplings of filter, make filter of the present invention on identical resonator number, construct a cross-couplings than traditional quasi-ellipse function filters more, thereby increase pair of transmission zeros, four joint resonator structures have two pairs of transmission zeros, thereby make filter have better squareness factor, filtering performance is better;
(3) owing to having adopted varactor electricity to adjust structure, change the centre frequency of filtering, and keep the shape invariance of filter curve by the tuning voltage changing on varactor, the centre frequency of filter has very fast tuned speed, meets the demand of frequency agility.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of embodiment of the present invention varactor electricity tunable filter;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of resonator in embodiment of the present invention varactor electricity tunable filter;
Fig. 3 is the response curve under emulation and the actual measurement of embodiment of the present invention varactor electricity tunable filter.
Embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and with reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.Although the demonstration of the parameter that comprises particular value can be provided herein, should be appreciated that, parameter is without definitely equaling corresponding value, but can in acceptable error margin or design constraint, be similar to corresponding value.
In Theory of Electromagnetic Field, electromagnetic wave with sinusoidal wave form transmission, can present and occur voltage wave peak dot and nodal point at ad-hoc location on transmission line, and at voltage wave peak dot, voltage reaches maximum, and now electric current is 0, shows as the form of electric field; At voltage wave node, voltage reaches minimum value, and electric current reaches maximum, shows as the form in magnetic field.The coupling that relies on electric field to carry out electromagnetic energy is called electric coupling, and the coupling that relies on magnetic field to carry out is called magnetic coupling, is called hybrid coupled in the time being coupled by Electric and magnetic fields acting in conjunction.
For any one transmission line structure, because its open end electric current cannot pass through, electric current is 0, and electromagnetic wave always presents voltage wave peak dot, shows as electric field form, the electromagnetic energy carrying out herein be coupled as electric coupling.At the earth point of transmission line, voltage reaches minimum value, now between itself and ground, there is no voltage difference, and now electromagnetic electric current reaches maximum, shows as the form in magnetic field, and that carries out herein is coupled as magnetic coupling.To a half-wave open-loop resonator, its two ends open circuit, electromagnetic wave reaches voltage max at resonator two ends, shows as electric field, can only carry out electric coupling; In the centre of open-loop resonator, due to electromagnetic periodic law, can only be voltage wave node, show as magnetic field, can only carry out magnetic coupling herein; It is hybrid coupled in other position.
Fig. 1 is that varactor electricity of the present invention is adjusted microstrip filter structure chart.For clarity sake, in Fig. 1, do not provide the bias circuit of varactor.As shown in Figure 1, this filter comprises: input microstrip line, the first resonator, the second resonator, the 3rd resonator, the 4th resonator and output microstrip line.The first resonator, the second resonator, the 3rd resonator and the 4th resonator are the resonator of identical resonance microstrip line length.Wherein, in the first resonator, micro-band resonance line is the shape of left half " work " font, the first resonator and the 4th resonator outward opening, and mirror image setting side by side, both form magnetic coupling in position adjacent to one another; In the second resonator, micro-band resonance line is the shape of the lower corner open rectangle in inner side, the second resonator and the 3rd resonator opening are inside, mirror image setting side by side, lay respectively at the top of the first resonator and the 4th resonator, both form electric coupling in position adjacent to one another, input microstrip line and output microstrip line lay respectively at the below of the first micro-strip resonantor and the 4th micro-strip resonantor, mirror image setting side by side, both ends are all along spending away from the direction deviation 90 of the first micro-strip resonantor and the 4th micro-strip resonantor, two deviation parts are parallel to each other, and form electric coupling.
In the present embodiment, input microstrip line parallel coupling, to the first micro-strip resonantor, is hybrid coupled pattern between the two, i.e. electric coupling and magnetic coupling acting in conjunction; Between the first resonator and the second resonator, it is hybrid coupled; It between the second resonator and the 3rd resonator, is electric coupling; Between the 3rd resonator and the 4th resonator, it is hybrid coupled; Output microstrip line parallel coupling to the four micro-strip resonantors are hybrid coupled pattern between the two; Between input microstrip line and output microstrip line, it is electric coupling.
This filter has two cross coupling structures: form the first cross coupling structure by the first resonator, the second resonator, the 3rd resonator and the 4th resonator, coupling between the first resonator and the 4th resonator forms cross-couplings, i.e. coupling between the transmission unit of non-adjacent sequence number; Form the second cross coupling structure by input microstrip line, the first resonator, the 4th resonator and output microstrip line, the coupling between input microstrip line and output microstrip line forms cross-couplings.Each cross coupling structure can form two transmission zeros, thereby this filter has four transmission zeros, has improved the signal suppressing ability to neighboring trace.
Below respectively each part of varactor electricity tunable filter is elaborated.
1, resonator.Resonator is the elementary cell of filter, is made up of open loop micro-band resonance line and varactor.Resonator of the present invention is: the half-wave resonator of the single-ended loading of varactor.The positive pole of varactor is received one end of open loop micro-strip resonantor, minus earth, and tuning voltage Vt is added to varactor negative pole by bias resistance R1, forms the bias voltage path of varactor, as shown in Figure 2.
A, micro-band resonance line.
Micro-band resonance line adopts 50 ohm characteristic impedance transmission lines, calculates the length d of micro-band resonance line in the single-ended loading half-wave resonator of varactor according to formula 1:
Wherein f
0for the centre frequency of filter, Z
0for line characteristic impedance, C is the capacitance value that loads varactor, the propagation constant that β is guided wave.
B, varactor.For reducing insertion loss, select high Q varactor as far as possible, capacitance size is got little in the situation that meeting frequency transfer scope as far as possible, because Q value and the capacitance of varactor are inversely proportional to.The in the situation that of given micro-band resonance line length, suppose that the centre frequency transfer area requirement of filter is f
1～f
2, the capacitance variation scope that requires varactor is C
1～C
2.The electric capacity of varactor is transferred scope demand and is calculated by 2 formulas:
2, input microstrip line and output microstrip line.
Input, output microstrip line adopt 50 ohm characteristic impedance microstrip transmission lines, and the electric coupling of their open circuit end structure pair of parallel, with thinking that filter provides pair of cross coupling, forms pair of transmission zeros, as shown in Figure 1.
Between input, output line, the large I of coupling coefficient is calculated according to formula 3.Its coupling size has determined the distance of the positional distance passband of transmission zero.If this coupling is excessive, transmission zero is very near apart from passband, and Out-of-band rejection performance will decline to some extent; If this coupling is too small, transmission zero is excessively far away apart from getting around regulations band, and the squareness factor of filtering is by variation.
Wherein M
14for the size of the coupling amount between resonator 1,4, Q
efor outside loaded quality factor, it is for representing the annexation between input/output line resonator, f
0centered by frequency, f
1and f
2the frequency that is respectively two transmission zeros that wish establishes, k is coupling factor, comprehensively going out k value is 1.597, changes position that k value will make transmission zero and produces and be offset.
3, cross-couplings resonator.
In Fig. 1, the first resonator, the second resonator, the 3rd resonator and the 4th resonator have formed a complete cross-couplings resonator element, carry out cross-couplings by the first resonator and the 4th resonator, the coupling coefficient of this cross-couplings resonator can be calculated by (4) formula.
F
01represent the natural frequency of the first resonator, f
04represent the natural frequency of the 4th resonator; f
p1represent this to coupled resonators the oscillation point at frequency low side, f
p2represent this to coupled resonators at the high-end oscillation point of frequency.Undertaken can emulation drawing two crest frequency points after the weak loading in outside by coupled resonators.(4) in formula, negative sign is got in electric coupling, and magnetic coupling is got positive sign, and because the cross-couplings in example of the present invention is magnetic magnetic coupling, symbol just should got.
The design process of the embodiment of the present invention is roughly as follows:
One, design parameter: centre frequency transfer scope is 1.4GHz～1.8GHz, relative bandwidth FBW is 0.04.The relevant parameter that covers the micro-band plate of copper adopting is: dielectric constant: 3.2, and dielectric thickness: 1mm;
Two, by above-mentioned design parameter and peripheral parameter, in the time that frequency is 1.8GHz, if the length d that the loading capacitance of resonator is 1.1pF obtains open loop micro-band resonance line is 48mm, the capacitance variations scope that is calculated varactor by formula 2 is at least 1.1pF to 1.4pF, according to the result of above-mentioned calculating, can select the varactor of model SMV1233, its corresponding capacitance is 1.1pF@6V, 3pF@1V.
Three, the parameter such as bending length of adjusting spacing between each resonator, input microstrip line and output microstrip line obtains best filter curve, then this filter of adjusting is extracted to its coupling coefficient and external sort factor, the filter of later same type can normalize to the centre frequency needing according to this coupling coefficient of having optimized and external sort factor and design.The coupling coefficient of this filter and external sort factor are respectively:
Be 3.3 at the dielectric constant of medium, in the situation of dielectric thickness 1mm, the concrete structural parameters of this filter are: the coupling length of I/O microstrip line is 3mm, and spacing is 1.1mm; Coupling length between the first resonator and the second resonator is 13mm, spacing 2.1mm; Coupling length between the second resonator and the 3rd resonator is 11mm, spacing 0.9mm; Coupling length between the 3rd resonator and the 4th resonator is 13mm, spacing 2.1mm; Coupling length between the 1st resonator and the 4th resonator is 13mm, spacing 3.5mm; I/O microstrip line is 23mm with the coupling length of the first resonator and the 4th resonator respectively, spacing 0.5mm, and in resonator, the total length of micro-band section is 48mm.
Fig. 3 is S parameter S 21 response curves of this filter, and wherein solid line is actual test curve, and dotted line is simulation curve, and simulation curve and actual test curve coincide good.In the time that the applied voltage of varactor is regulated by 2V～6V, the centre frequency of filter moves on to 1.8GHZ by 1.4GHz, and S21 has remained four transmission zeros simultaneously, and Out-of-band rejection is functional.
In the present embodiment, the length of resonator micro-band resonance line and the varactor of use can be changed accordingly according to formula, as long as can meet the frequency transfer scope of filter.Particularly adopt after the varactor of higher Q value, as MA4ST250, its insertion loss can obtain improvement to a certain extent.
Above-described specific embodiment; object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; institute is understood that; the foregoing is only specific embodiments of the invention; be not limited to the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment of making, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. varactor electricity can a tone category filter, it is characterized in that, comprising: input microstrip line, the first resonator, the second resonator, the 3rd resonator, the 4th resonator and output microstrip line; Wherein, the first resonator, the second resonator, the 3rd resonator and the 4th resonator are the resonator of identical micro-band resonance line length;
The first resonator and the 4th resonator outward opening, mirror image setting side by side, both form magnetic coupling in position adjacent to one another;
The second resonator and the 3rd resonator opening are inside, and mirror image setting side by side lays respectively at the top of the first resonator and the 4th resonator, and both form electric coupling in position adjacent to one another;
Input microstrip line and output microstrip line lay respectively at the below of the first micro-strip resonantor and the 4th micro-strip resonantor, mirror image setting side by side, both ends are respectively along spending away from the direction deviation 90 of the first micro-strip resonantor and the 4th micro-strip resonantor, and two deviation parts are parallel to each other, and form electric coupling;
Wherein, form the first cross coupling structure by the first resonator, the second resonator, the 3rd resonator and the 4th resonator, the coupling between the first resonator and the 4th resonator forms cross-couplings;
Form the second cross coupling structure by input microstrip line, the first resonator, the 4th resonator and output microstrip line, the coupling between input microstrip line and output microstrip line forms cross-couplings.
2. varactor electricity according to claim 1 can tone category filter, wherein,
Between the first resonator and the second resonator, it is hybrid coupled;
Between the 3rd resonator and the 4th resonator, it is hybrid coupled;
Input microstrip line parallel coupling, to the first micro-strip resonantor, is hybrid coupled between the two;
Output microstrip line parallel coupling to the four micro-strip resonantors are hybrid coupled between the two.
3. varactor electricity according to claim 2 can tone category filter, wherein,
Described the first resonator, the second resonator, the 3rd resonator and the 4th resonator are the half-wave resonator of the single-ended loading of varactor;
This half-wave resonator comprises: micro-band resonance line; Varactor, its minus earth, its positive pole is received one end and the tuning voltage end of micro-band resonance line;
For the first resonator, its micro-band resonance line is the shape of left half " work " font, and its left upper end is connected to varactor positive pole;
For the second resonator, its micro-band resonance line is the shape of the lower corner open rectangle in inner side, and its bottom righthand side is connected to one end of varactor positive pole.
4. varactor electricity according to claim 3 can tone category filter, and wherein, micro-band resonance line is 50 ohm characteristic impedance transmission lines, and its length is d, and wherein d meets following formula:
Wherein, f
0for the centre frequency of described varactor electricity tunable filter, Z
0for the characteristic impedance of micro-band resonance line, the capacitance value that C is varactor, the propagation constant that β is guided wave.
5. varactor electricity according to claim 4 can tone category filter, and wherein, the capacitance variation scope of varactor is C
1～C
2, wherein C
1and C
2meet:
Wherein, f
1and f
2be respectively the frequency of two transmission zeros that wish establishes.
6. varactor electricity according to claim 5 can tone category filter, wherein, and coupling coefficient M between input microstrip line, output microstrip line
iomeet:
Wherein, M
14be the coupling coefficient between the first resonator, the 4th resonator, Q
efor outside loaded quality factor, f
0centered by frequency, k=1.597 is coupling factor.
7. varactor electricity according to claim 6 can tone category filter, and its centre frequency transfer scope is 1.4GHz～1.8GHz, and relative bandwidth is 0.04; Coupling coefficient M between its first resonator and the second resonator
12, coupling coefficient M between the 3rd resonator and the 4th resonator
34, coupling coefficient M between the second resonator and the 3rd resonator
23, coupling coefficient M between the first resonator and the 4th resonator
14and Q
emeet:
8. varactor electricity according to claim 6 can tone category filter, and its centre frequency transfer scope is 1.4GHz～1.8GHz, and relative bandwidth is 0.04;
The dielectric constant of micro-band plate medium used is 3.2, and dielectric thickness is 1mm;
In the time that frequency is 1.8GHz, C=1.1pF, C
1=1.1pF, C
2=1.4pF, d=48mm;
The coupling length of I/O microstrip line is 3mm, and spacing is 1.1mm;
Coupling length between the first resonator and the second resonator is 13mm, spacing 2.1mm;
Coupling length between the second resonator and the 3rd resonator is 11mm, spacing 0.9mm;
Coupling length between the 3rd resonator and the 4th resonator is 13mm, spacing 2.1mm;
Coupling length between the first resonator and the 4th resonator is 13mm, spacing 3.5mm;
I/O microstrip line is 23mm, spacing 0.5mm with the coupling length of the first resonator and the 4th resonator respectively.
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| CN104409810A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-03-11 | 天津大学 | Micro-strip dual-passband filter based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling |
| CN104966872B (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2018-11-20 | 成都顺为超导科技股份有限公司 | A kind of high temperature superconduction wave filter device that transmission zero is controllable |
| CN106816674A (en) * | 2017-02-13 | 2017-06-09 | 石家庄创天电子科技有限公司 | A kind of many transmission zero wave filters |
| CN109167136B (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2021-04-06 | 成都信息工程大学 | Microstrip structure |
| CN110380167B (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2021-05-25 | 电子科技大学 | Microstrip line type adjustable single-end-to-balance filter |
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| CN1414656A (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2003-04-30 | 清华大学 | Micro wave single folding filter |
| CN101005151A (en) * | 2006-01-20 | 2007-07-25 | 清华大学 | Structure compact mirostrip line resonator and its microwave filter |
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| CN201450087U (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2010-05-05 | 华南理工大学 | Micro-strip open loop resonator filter capable of controlling electromagnetic coupling |
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| JP2007281601A (en) * | 2006-04-03 | 2007-10-25 | Toshiba Corp | Filter circuit and method for adjusting characteristics thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1414656A (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2003-04-30 | 清华大学 | Micro wave single folding filter |
| CN100361344C (en) * | 2005-12-23 | 2008-01-09 | 清华大学 | Mini strip line resonator and microwave filter thereof |
| CN101005151A (en) * | 2006-01-20 | 2007-07-25 | 清华大学 | Structure compact mirostrip line resonator and its microwave filter |
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