CN102540342A - Optical fiber coupler - Google Patents
Optical fiber coupler Download PDFInfo
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- CN102540342A CN102540342A CN2011104046655A CN201110404665A CN102540342A CN 102540342 A CN102540342 A CN 102540342A CN 2011104046655 A CN2011104046655 A CN 2011104046655A CN 201110404665 A CN201110404665 A CN 201110404665A CN 102540342 A CN102540342 A CN 102540342A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical fiber coupler. The optical fiber coupler comprises four collimators, four tail fibers and an optical splitter, wherein the first collimator and the fourth collimator are positioned in the same straight line; the second collimator and the fourth collimator are positioned in another straight line; the optical splitter is positioned in a crossing point of the two straight lines; the two straight lines are symmetrically with respect to a normal of a mirror plane of the optical splitter; an included angle between the two straight lines can be adjusted; one surface of the optical splitter is used for transmitting lights; the other surface of the optical splitter is used for reflecting lights; each collimator is connected with each tail fiber; and the collimators converge lights input by the respective tail fibers on the optical splitter and output lights input by the optical splitter to the respective tail fibers. The optical fiber coupler has the advantages that the structure is simple, the technology is easy to realize, the manufacturing difficulty is low, the defect of the existing technical scheme caused by a fused biconical taper technology can be overcome, and the performance of the optical fiber coupler is increased, and therefore, the optical fiber coupler is particularly suitable for coupling related to photonic crystal fibers.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of optical fiber sensing, relate in particular to a kind of fiber coupler.
Background technology
At present; In technical field of optical fiber sensing; Fiber coupler is with combining from the light of several optical fiber (waveguide); Perhaps the light in the optical fiber (waveguide) is separated in several optical fiber (waveguide), so fiber coupler is also claimed wave multiplexer or channel-splitting filter, fiber coupler has obtained widespread use in optical communication, Fibre Optical Sensor and optical fiber measurement.The kind of optical fiber is a lot, for example can be single-mode fiber, polarization maintaining optical fibre or photonic crystal fiber.The photonic crystal fiber here (PCF) is claimed porous optical fiber or microstructured optical fibers again, is based on the novel optical fiber of photonic crystal technology.This optical fiber has lower temperature, stress sensitivity than common single mode optical fibres, has higher capability of resistance to radiation, tensile strength and lower bending loss simultaneously, has important use and is worth.
In the prior art scheme; Common welding biconical fiber coupling mechanism be through will remove two of overlay or many bare fibres in a certain way (as beating strand or using anchor clamps) near; Fusion at high temperature also stretches until the coupling performance that obtains expectation simultaneously then, and its coupling ratio can and draw awl length to control through distance between change core diameter, fibre core.When optical fiber was elongated in heating, the fiber cores radius attenuated, and mode field diameter (MFD) increases.When MFD surpassed the fiber cores stem, optical mode was penetrated in the fibre core of adjacent fiber with the form of evanescent wave more; Under the prerequisite of given coupling sectional area, the power coupling ratio changes along with the increase of coupled zone length.That is to say that light wave can pass to another root optical fiber from an optical fiber periodically and return, promptly between two coupled fibers, have periodic power to switch.
Can know from above-mentioned prior art scheme; Existing fiber coupler need utilize fused biconical taper technology to make; There is following shortcoming in the fiber coupler that this technology is made: 1, for the coupling mechanism of different types of optical fiber fabrication, because the difference of optical fiber structure, for example polarization maintaining optical fibre and photonic crystal fiber; The coupling mechanism manufacture difficulty is big, and can bring big loss; 2, adopt general single mode fiber or polarization maintaining optical fibre manufacturing coupling mechanism since between the inconsistency of optical fiber structure or polarization maintaining optical fibre the deviation of the alignment of main shaft all lowered the polarisation of light characteristic; 3, for full photonic crystal optical fiber coupler, if adopt general coupling mechanism method for making, like side polishing and pyrometric cone, because the existence of airport, the difficulty of welding increases greatly and coupling ratio can be not very good.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of fiber coupler, this fiber coupler is simple in structure, and technology is easy to realize that manufacture difficulty is low, can overcome the defective that the making of fused biconical taper technology is brought in the prior art scheme, has improved the performance of fiber coupler.
The objective of the invention is to realize through following technical scheme:
A kind of fiber coupler, said fiber coupler comprise four collimating apparatuss, four tail optical fibers and optical splitter, wherein:
First collimating apparatus and the 4th collimating apparatus are on same the straight line; Second collimating apparatus and the 3rd collimating apparatus are on another straight line; Said optical splitter is in the intersection point of two straight lines, and these two straight lines are about the normal symmetry of said optical splitter minute surface, the wherein joint of the adjustable included angle between these two straight lines; And the one side of said optical splitter is used for transmitted light, and another side is used for reflected light;
Each collimating apparatus all is connected with a tail optical fiber, will converge on the said optical splitter from the light of tail optical fiber input separately, and the light of said optical splitter input is exported to tail optical fiber separately;
Each tail optical fiber connects external fiber with acquisition input light, and will import light transmission and give the collimating apparatus that is connected with each tail optical fiber, and the output light that perhaps the collimating apparatus transmission is come is exported to said external fiber.
Said optical splitter realizes that through catoptron one of them surface of this catoptron has high passing through property, and another surface forms highly reflective through coating process, and reflectivity range is 1-99%;
Said optical splitter is realized through Amici prism or plated film light splitting piece.
Said tail optical fiber is single-mode fiber, polarization maintaining optical fibre or photonic crystal fiber.
The outer enclosure of said fiber coupler comprises shell and tail optical fiber protective sleeve, wherein:
The shape of said shell is designed to cruciform or in-line according to concrete needs;
Said tail optical fiber protective sleeve is used to protect the tail optical fiber of drawing in the said shell, and fastening said tail optical fiber
Technical scheme by the invention described above provides can be found out; Said fiber coupler comprises four collimating apparatuss, four tail optical fibers and optical splitter; Wherein first collimating apparatus and the 4th collimating apparatus are on same the straight line, and second collimating apparatus and the 3rd collimating apparatus are on another straight line, and said optical splitter is in the intersection point of two straight lines; And these two straight lines are about the normal symmetry of said optical splitter minute surface; The wherein joint of the adjustable included angle between these two straight lines, and the one side of said optical splitter is used for transmitted light, and another side is used for reflected light; Each collimating apparatus all is connected with a tail optical fiber, will converge on the said optical splitter from the light of tail optical fiber input separately, and the light of said optical splitter input is exported to tail optical fiber separately; Each tail optical fiber connects external fiber with acquisition input light, and will import light transmission and give the collimating apparatus that is connected with each tail optical fiber, and the output light that perhaps the collimating apparatus transmission is come is exported to said external fiber.This fiber coupler is simple in structure, and technology is easy to realize that manufacture difficulty is low, can overcome the defective that the making of fused biconical taper technology is brought in the prior art scheme, has improved the performance of fiber coupler.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention; The accompanying drawing of required use is done to introduce simply in will describing embodiment below; Obviously, the accompanying drawing in describing below only is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art; Under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain other accompanying drawings according to these accompanying drawings.
The inner structure synoptic diagram of the fiber coupler that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the invention;
The light path synoptic diagram of the fiber coupler that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the invention;
The structural representation that the outside cruciform of fiber coupler that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the invention encapsulates;
The structural representation that the outside in-line of fiber coupler that Fig. 4 provides for the embodiment of the invention encapsulates.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is carried out clear, intactly description, obviously, described embodiment only is the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on embodiments of the invention, those of ordinary skills belong to protection scope of the present invention not making the every other embodiment that is obtained under the creative work prerequisite.
To combine accompanying drawing that the embodiment of the invention is done to describe in detail further below; Be illustrated in figure 1 as the inner structure synoptic diagram of the fiber coupler that the embodiment of the invention provides; Fiber coupler among Fig. 1 comprises: four collimating apparatuss (1,2,3,4), four tail optical fibers (6,7,8,9) and optical splitter (5), wherein:
First collimating apparatus 1 and the 4th collimating apparatus 4 are on same the straight line M; Second collimating apparatus 2 and the 3rd collimating apparatus 3 are on another straight line N, and said optical splitter 5 is in the intersection point of two straight line M and N, and these two straight line M and N are about the normal S symmetry of said optical splitter 5 minute surfaces; Wherein the adjustable included angle between these two straight line M and the N saves; Obtaining Expected Results, and the one side of said optical splitter 5 is used for transmitted light, and another side is used for reflected light;
Each collimating apparatus all is connected with a tail optical fiber, as among Fig. 1 specifically being exactly first collimating apparatus, 1 connection tail optical fiber, 6, the second collimating apparatuss, 2 connection tail optical fibers, 7, the three collimating apparatuss, 3 connection tail optical fibers, 8, the four collimating apparatuss, 4 connection tail optical fibers 9.Each collimating apparatus is used for the light from tail optical fiber input is separately converged in said optical splitter 5, and the light of said optical splitter 5 inputs is exported to tail optical fiber separately;
And each tail optical fiber is used to connect external fiber with acquisition input light, and will import light transmission and give the collimating apparatus that is connected with each tail optical fiber, and the output light that perhaps the collimating apparatus transmission is come is exported to said external fiber.
In the practical implementation process, be example with Fig. 1:
Collimating apparatus 1: be used for the light from tail optical fiber 6 inputs is converged in optical splitter 5, and the light of optical splitter 5 inputs is exported to tail optical fiber 6;
Collimating apparatus 2: be used for the light from tail optical fiber 7 inputs is converged in optical splitter 5, and the light of optical splitter 5 inputs is exported to tail optical fiber 7;
Collimating apparatus 3: be used for the light from tail optical fiber 8 inputs is converged in optical splitter 5, and the light of optical splitter 5 inputs is exported to tail optical fiber 8;
Collimating apparatus 4: be used for the light from tail optical fiber 9 inputs is converged in optical splitter 5, and the light of optical splitter 5 inputs is exported to tail optical fiber 9;
Optical splitter 5: be used for the output light of each collimating apparatus is carried out beam split (reflected light and transmitted light), export to corresponding collimating apparatus then respectively, for example, output to collimating apparatus 2 and collimating apparatus 4 again from optical collimator 1 input;
Tail optical fiber 6: be used to connect external fiber and obtain input light, input to collimating apparatus 1 or the output light of collimating apparatus 1 is exported to external fiber;
Tail optical fiber 7: be used to connect external fiber and obtain input light, input to collimating apparatus 2 or the output light of collimating apparatus 2 is exported to external fiber;
Tail optical fiber 8: be used to connect external fiber and obtain input light, input to collimating apparatus 3 or the output light of collimating apparatus 3 is exported to external fiber;
Tail optical fiber 9: be used to connect external fiber and obtain input light, input to collimating apparatus 4 or the output light of collimating apparatus 4 is exported to external fiber.
In concrete implementation procedure, above-mentioned optical splitter can be realized through catoptron, and is as shown in Figure 1; This catoptron can make mirror surface a have the high performance of passing through through technology; Surface b forms high anti-performance through coating process, and reflectivity range is 1-99%, according to concrete design scheme selection.In addition, this optical splitter can also be realized through Amici prism or plating mould light splitting piece.
In addition, said tail optical fiber can be single-mode fiber, polarization maintaining optical fibre or photonic crystal fiber.For example as shown in Figure 1; The kind of tail optical fiber 6,7,8,9 can be single-mode fiber, polarization maintaining optical fibre or photonic crystal fiber, and the kind of 6,7,8,9 four tail optical fibers do not need yet identical, both can 6,7,8,9 all be same kind; Also can be 6,7 for polarization maintaining optical fibre; 8,9 is photonic crystal fiber, and specific combined is specifically taked in perhaps other combinations that can expect of those skilled in the art as required.
In addition, in Fig. 1, as four tail optical fibers of the fiber coupler of 2X2, tail optical fiber 6 and 8 is with the end tail optical fiber, promptly is all input or output, and 7 and 9 also be same end; Because tail optical fiber 6 and 7 height at optical splitter 5 pass through the face side, so the input-output characteristic of tail optical fiber 6 and 7 is similarly, but 6 and 7 can not be all to import perhaps and export, and in like manner can know tail optical fiber 8 and 9.
Realize with concrete light path below the described fiber coupler of the embodiment of the invention is described; Be illustrated in figure 2 as the light path synoptic diagram of the fiber coupler that the embodiment of the invention provides; Provided among the figure from the optical path direction of the light of tail optical fiber 6 incidents, the light path process is specially:
Light enters into collimating apparatus 1 after tail optical fiber 6 incidents, collimating apparatus 1 will be from the optical convergence of tail optical fiber 6 input to catoptron 5 (optical splitter is realized through catoptron this instance).
Catoptron 5 will be divided into two parts from the light of collimating apparatus input, and a part of light mirror 5 that is reflected reflexes in the collimating apparatus 2, and a part of light is transmitted in the collimating apparatus 4 through catoptron 5.
The light that incides in the collimating apparatus 2 is transferred in the tail optical fiber 7 by collimating apparatus 2, outputs to the external fiber that links to each other with tail optical fiber 7 through tail optical fiber 7 then; The light that incides collimating apparatus 4 is transferred in the tail optical fiber 9 by collimating apparatus 4, outputs to the external fiber that links to each other with tail optical fiber 9 through tail optical fiber 9 then.
In concrete the realization, different according to the design of catoptron 5, tail optical fiber 7 also will be different with the light intensity ratio of 9 outputs.
In like manner, the light of importing from the same end tail optical fiber 8 of tail optical fiber 6 will be respectively from tail optical fiber 7 and 9 outputs; And will be respectively from tail optical fiber 6 and 8 outputs from two other light with end tail optical fiber 7 and 9 inputs.
In addition, above-mentioned fiber coupler can also further carry out outer enclosure, and this outer enclosure can comprise shell and tail optical fiber protective sleeve, the structural representation that the outside cruciform of fiber coupler that being illustrated in figure 3 as the embodiment of the invention provides encapsulates; The structural representation that the outside in-line of fiber coupler that being illustrated in figure 4 as the embodiment of the invention provides encapsulates, wherein:
The shape of shell described in Fig. 3 is designed to cruciform according to concrete needs, and e is a shell, and d is the tail optical fiber protective sleeve, and c is a tail optical fiber; The shape of shell described in Fig. 4 is designed to in-line according to concrete needs, and e is a shell, and d is the tail optical fiber protective sleeve, and c is a tail optical fiber; Can certainly be designed to other shape, not limit here.
Among Fig. 3 and Fig. 4: said tail optical fiber protective sleeve d is used to protect the tail optical fiber c that draws in the said shell e, and fastening said tail optical fiber c.
In sum, through the realization of above-mentioned fiber coupler, owing to adopt optical splitter to realize dividing light action; The optically-coupled effect that has replaced the optical fiber fusion method; Avoided the influence of optical fiber structure,, also can realize the function of full photonic crystal optical fiber coupler or variety classes fiber coupler so both realized the function of ordinary optic fibre coupling mechanism to the optical fiber coupling; Especially for photonic crystal optical fiber coupler commonly used at present, have simple in structure be easy to benefit such as realization; Utilize the branch light action of optical splitter can effectively reduce environmental factor such as temperature simultaneously and change influence, thereby improved the performance of fiber coupler polarization characteristic.
The above; Be merely the preferable embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, any technician who is familiar with the present technique field is in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; The variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claims.
Claims (5)
1. a fiber coupler is characterized in that, said fiber coupler comprises four collimating apparatuss, four tail optical fibers and optical splitter, wherein:
First collimating apparatus and the 4th collimating apparatus are on same the straight line; Second collimating apparatus and the 3rd collimating apparatus are on another straight line; Said optical splitter is in the intersection point of two straight lines, and these two straight lines are about the normal symmetry of said optical splitter minute surface, the wherein joint of the adjustable included angle between these two straight lines; And the one side of said optical splitter is used for transmitted light, and another side is used for reflected light;
Each collimating apparatus all is connected with a tail optical fiber, will converge on the said optical splitter from the light of tail optical fiber input separately, and the light of said optical splitter input is exported to tail optical fiber separately;
Each tail optical fiber connects external fiber with acquisition input light, and will import light transmission and give the collimating apparatus that is connected with each tail optical fiber, and the output light that perhaps the collimating apparatus transmission is come is exported to said external fiber.
2. fiber coupler according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said optical splitter realizes that through catoptron one of them surface of this catoptron has high passing through property, and another surface forms highly reflective through coating process, and reflectivity range is 1-99%.
3. fiber coupler according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said optical splitter is realized through Amici prism or plated film light splitting piece.
4. fiber coupler according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said tail optical fiber is single-mode fiber, polarization maintaining optical fibre or photonic crystal fiber.
5. fiber coupler according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the outer enclosure of said fiber coupler comprises shell and tail optical fiber protective sleeve, wherein:
The shape of said shell is designed to cruciform or in-line according to concrete needs;
Said tail optical fiber protective sleeve is used to protect the tail optical fiber of drawing in the said shell, and fastening said tail optical fiber.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011104046655A CN102540342A (en) | 2011-12-07 | 2011-12-07 | Optical fiber coupler |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011104046655A CN102540342A (en) | 2011-12-07 | 2011-12-07 | Optical fiber coupler |
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| CN102540342A true CN102540342A (en) | 2012-07-04 |
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| CN2011104046655A Pending CN102540342A (en) | 2011-12-07 | 2011-12-07 | Optical fiber coupler |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104197924A (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2014-12-10 | 北京航空航天大学 | Melting-point-free interference full photonic bandgap optical fiber gyro |
| CN104359472A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-02-18 | 北京航空航天大学 | Multi-loop type photonic band gap optical fiber gyroscope based on reflection |
| CN104713542A (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2015-06-17 | 中国航空工业第六一八研究所 | Non-fusion making method of high precision optical fiber gyroscope |
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| US5054877A (en) * | 1988-05-02 | 1991-10-08 | General Electric Company | Multi-fiber optical coupler for a high power laser beam |
| CN1555146A (en) * | 2003-12-25 | 2004-12-15 | 武汉光迅科技有限责任公司 | Integrated light power adjustable optical wave division duplexer |
| CN101216606A (en) * | 2008-01-07 | 2008-07-09 | 岑松原 | Splitting ratio adjustable white light beam splitter |
| US20090226137A1 (en) * | 2007-03-16 | 2009-09-10 | Honeywell Federal Manufacturing & Technologies, Ll | Miniature mechanical transfer optical coupler |
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2011
- 2011-12-07 CN CN2011104046655A patent/CN102540342A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5054877A (en) * | 1988-05-02 | 1991-10-08 | General Electric Company | Multi-fiber optical coupler for a high power laser beam |
| CN1555146A (en) * | 2003-12-25 | 2004-12-15 | 武汉光迅科技有限责任公司 | Integrated light power adjustable optical wave division duplexer |
| US20090226137A1 (en) * | 2007-03-16 | 2009-09-10 | Honeywell Federal Manufacturing & Technologies, Ll | Miniature mechanical transfer optical coupler |
| CN101216606A (en) * | 2008-01-07 | 2008-07-09 | 岑松原 | Splitting ratio adjustable white light beam splitter |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104713542A (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2015-06-17 | 中国航空工业第六一八研究所 | Non-fusion making method of high precision optical fiber gyroscope |
| CN104713542B (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2017-07-25 | 中国航空工业第六一八研究所 | A kind of high-precision optical fiber gyro weldless preparation method |
| CN104197924A (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2014-12-10 | 北京航空航天大学 | Melting-point-free interference full photonic bandgap optical fiber gyro |
| CN104359472A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-02-18 | 北京航空航天大学 | Multi-loop type photonic band gap optical fiber gyroscope based on reflection |
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Application publication date: 20120704 |