CN102529680A - 混合动力系中可选择的单向离合器操作 - Google Patents

混合动力系中可选择的单向离合器操作 Download PDF

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CN102529680A
CN102529680A CN2011103894943A CN201110389494A CN102529680A CN 102529680 A CN102529680 A CN 102529680A CN 2011103894943 A CN2011103894943 A CN 2011103894943A CN 201110389494 A CN201110389494 A CN 201110389494A CN 102529680 A CN102529680 A CN 102529680A
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expectation
selectable
gear
dynamical system
way clutch
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CN102529680B (zh
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F.萨米
L.D.迪默
C.J.李
S.W.黑琴拉特
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/724—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines
    • F16H3/725—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K2006/381—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches characterized by driveline brakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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Abstract

本发明涉及混合动力系中可选择的单向离合器操作，具体地，一种混合动力系包括多个扭矩产生装置、变速器输入轴和将扭矩产生装置连接至变速器输入轴的行星齿轮组。一种控制动力系的方法包括：监测动力系的期望的构造；以及基于动力系的期望的构造通过可选择的单向离合器选择性地将行星齿轮组的齿轮固接。

Description

混合动力系中可选择的单向离合器操作
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于控制混合动力系的系统和方法。
背景技术
在该部分中的声明仅提供与本发明相关的背景信息，并且可能不构成现有技术。
动力系包括提供扭矩以使轴旋转的扭矩产生装置。混合动力系利用至少两个扭矩产生装置。混合动力系常常包括利用扭矩产生装置的许多方法，例如包括如下方法：选择扭矩产生装置以驱动变速器输入轴、改变驱动轴的扭矩产生装置、选择多个扭矩产生装置以同时驱动轴、利用一个扭矩产生装置以驱动另一扭矩产生装置、将扭矩产生装置固接（ground）、和允许轴自由旋转或空转。
行星齿轮组在本领域中是已知为包括三个齿轮或齿轮组的机构。根据一种示例性构造，太阳齿轮位于行星齿轮组的中心，齿圈与太阳齿轮同心定位，并且三个行星齿轮在行星齿轮中每个的齿与太阳齿轮和齿圈的齿持续接触的情况下在太阳齿轮与齿圈之间旋转。三个行星齿轮是行星齿轮的示例性数量。该三个行星齿轮可通过允许所有行星齿轮单独旋转的行星齿轮架连接，但当围绕行星齿轮组的轴线驱动行星齿轮时，行星齿轮驱动行星齿轮架，由此向连接至行星齿轮架的轴供应扭矩。反过来同样如此，可向行星齿轮架施加扭矩，由此驱动行星齿轮组的其他齿轮中的一个或两者。向一个齿轮或齿轮组施加的扭矩被传递至其余的齿轮。可向两个齿轮或齿轮组施加扭矩，以驱动第三齿轮或齿轮组。
行星齿轮组可构造成通过各种齿轮和齿轮组选择性地接收和传送扭矩。本领域已知的离合器装置可选择性地连接和分离动力系内的各种轴。因此，一种离合器构造中的内燃发动机可通过齿圈向行星齿轮组提供扭矩，并且在离合器转换之后，相同的发动机可通过行星齿轮组的行星齿轮向行星齿轮组提供扭矩。
离合器可用于将行星齿轮组中的齿圈或太阳齿轮固接。例如，在示例性构造中，电动机可通过太阳齿轮向行星齿轮组提供扭矩，并且变速器输入轴可连接至行星齿轮。如果允许齿圈自由旋转或空转，需要可忽略的扭矩使齿圈旋转，则行星齿轮可原地旋转，而没有大致将扭矩通过行星齿轮架提供给变速器输入轴。如果相同的构造改为包括将齿圈固接的离合器，以防止齿圈转动，则通过太阳齿轮提供的扭矩围绕太阳齿轮驱动行星齿轮，并向变速器输入轴提供扭矩。
基于通过行星齿轮组的扭矩传送方向，空转可能是可期望的。例如，假定上述具有电动机驱动太阳齿轮的实施例，在实施例在车辆内运转的情况下，当车辆沿街道行驶时，电机可向变速器输入轴提供推进力。然而，在变速器输入轴用于加速电动机的情况下，当车辆开始经过下坡坡道时，作用在车辆上的包括将车辆拉下山的重力的力的净差额可使作用在行星齿轮组上的扭矩的方向逆反。作用在电机上的这种扭矩可能是不合需要的，并且当检测到这种扭矩时，可释放将齿圈固接的离合器，使得由变速器输入轴施加的扭矩可耗散于空转的齿圈而不是施加于电动机。
已知通过输入轴利用旋转输入扭矩以驱动变速器输入轴的动力系利用变速器，以改变描述输入与输出的关系的档位状态。动力系内以上装置的操作需要管理表示到上述发动机、电机和变速器输入轴或动力传动系统的连接的许多扭矩承载轴或装置。还已知在变速器内利用行星齿轮组和离合器装置，以提供许多档位状态，在该许多档位状态内，可基于接合和脱离的离合器的构造和扭矩通过行星齿轮组内的各种齿轮和齿轮组的传送来操作变速器。一种示例性的变速器包括产生倒档状态和八个前进档状态的四个行星齿轮组，并利用五个离合器以在各种档位状态之间选择。如以上相对于在各种混合方法之间选择的行星齿轮组所描述，变速器行星齿轮组中的齿轮取决于变速器的期望操作或期望的档位状态可包括固接的齿轮或被设定成空转的齿轮。
可根据本领域已知的许多实施例操作离合器。根据一种已知的方法，可利用液压压力以致动离合器。在与基于液压压力选择性地施加力的活塞结合利用液压压力的示例性离合器中，由一对离合器控制的状态之间的示例性换档需要卸载一个离合器，以允许先前联接的两根轴彼此自由旋转，随后加载另一离合器，以联接先前分离或相对于彼此自由旋转的两根轴。这样的液压致动离合器装置常常包括被弹簧加载至默认的去联接（decoupled）位置的离合器片，并且向相关的活塞施加的液压压力施加克服弹簧的偏压的压力，以使所述片达到联接位置。
发明内容
一种混合动力系包括多个扭矩产生装置、变速器输入轴和将扭矩产生装置连接至变速器输入轴的行星齿轮组。一种控制动力系的方法包括：监测动力系的期望构造；以及基于动力系的期望构造使用可选择的单向离合器选择性地将行星齿轮组的齿轮固接。
本发明还提供如下方案：
1. 控制动力系的方法，所述动力系包括多个扭矩产生装置、变速器输入轴和将所述扭矩产生装置连接至所述变速器输入轴的行星齿轮组，所述方法包括：
监测所述动力系的期望的构造；以及
基于所述动力系的期望的构造通过可选择的单向离合器将所述行星齿轮组的齿轮选择地固接。
2. 根据方案1所述的方法，其特征在于，监测所述动力系的期望的构造包括监测所述动力系的期望的档位状态。
3. 根据方案2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述动力系的期望的构造还包括电动机的操作方向。
4. 根据方案2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述动力系的期望的构造还包括发动机制动。
5. 根据方案2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述动力系的期望的构造还包括再生制动。
6. 根据方案1所述的方法，其特征在于，监测所述动力系的期望的构造包括监测所述多个扭矩产生装置期望的操作。
7. 根据方案1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
监测期望的档位状态；以及
通过第二可选择的单向离合器将变速器装置内的第二行星齿轮组的齿轮选择性地固接。
8. 控制动力系的系统，所述动力系包括多个扭矩产生装置、行星齿轮组和变速器输入轴，所述系统包括：
所述行星齿轮组在所述扭矩产生装置与所述变速器输入轴之间传递扭矩；
将所述行星齿轮组的齿轮选择地固接的可选择的单向离合器；以及
控制模块：
       监测所述动力系的期望的操作；
       基于所述动力系的期望的操作确定所述可选择的单向离合器的期望的设定；以及
       基于所述可选择的单向离合器的期望的设定控制所述可选择的单向离合器。
9. 根据方案8所述的系统，其特征在于，所述可选择的单向离合器包括选自由斜撑式离合器、肘杆式离合器、滚柱式离合器、二极管式离合器和棘轮式离合器构成的组的离合器。
10. 根据方案8所述的系统，其特征在于，控制所述可选择的单向离合器包括控制选自由所述离合器的液压致动和所述离合器的电子致动组成的组的致动。
11. 根据方案8所述的系统，其特征在于，所述多个扭矩产生装置包括：
内燃发动机；以及
电动机。
12. 根据方案8所述的系统，其特征在于，确定所述可选择的单向离合器的期望的设定包括在所述可选择的单向离合器沿一个方向锁定和沿第二方向空转与所述可选择的单向离合器沿所述第一方向和所述第二方向锁定之间选择。
13. 根据方案8所述的系统，其特征在于，确定所述可选择的单向离合器的期望的设定包括在所述可选择的单向离合器沿第一方向和第二方向空转、沿所述第一方向锁定和沿所述第二方向空转、沿所述第二方向锁定和沿所述第一方向空转、以及沿所述第一方向和所述第二方向锁定之间选择。
14. 根据方案8所述的系统，其特征在于，还包括变速器，所述变速器包括第二可选择的单向离合器；以及
所述控制模块还：
监测期望的档位状态；
确定所述第二可选择的单向离合器的期望的设定；以及
基于所述第二可选择的单向离合器的期望的设定控制所述第二可选择的单向离合器。
15. 根据方案14所述的系统，其特征在于，所述多个扭矩产生装置包括电动机；
其中所述控制模块还监测电动机的操作方向；以及
其中控制所述第二可选择的单向离合器还基于所述电动机的操作方向。
16. 根据方案14所述的系统，其特征在于，所述控制模块还监测再生模式的操作；以及
其中控制所述第二可选择的单向离合器还基于所述再生模式的操作。
17. 根据方案14所述的系统，其特征在于，所述控制模块还监测发动机制动模式的操作；以及
其中控制所述第二可选择的单向离合器还基于所述发动机制动模式的操作方向。
18. 根据方案14所述的系统，其特征在于，所述变速器包括具有四个行星齿轮组的八个前进档的变速器。
19. 根据方案8所述的系统，其特征在于，所述可选择的单向离合器包括双模式可选择的单向离合器。
20. 根据方案8所述的系统，其特征在于，所述可选择的单向离合器包括三模式可选择的单向离合器。
附图说明
现在将参考附图示例性地描述一个或多个实施例，附图中：
图1示意性地图示根据本发明的包括行星齿轮组和相关可选择地操作的离合器的示例性混合动力系；
图2示意性地图示根据本发明的包括SOWC的示例性混合动力系，其包括选择性地将多个扭矩产生装置连接至变速器输入轴的行星齿轮组和相关可选择地操作的离合器；以及
图3示意性地图示根据本发明的包括行星齿轮组和相关的离合器的示例性混合动力系，其包括定位成允许牵引扭矩沿可选择的锁定方向的传送和变速器输入轴沿可选择的空转方向的去联接旋转的可选择的单向离合器。
具体实施方式
现在参考其中显示仅为了图示某些示例性实施例而不是为了限制所述示例性实施例的附图，图1示意性地图示根据本发明的示例性混合动力系，其包括选择性地将多个扭矩产生装置连接至变速器输入轴的行星齿轮组和相关可选择地操作的离合器。描绘了混合动力系100，其包括供应发动机扭矩TE的输入轴110；供应电机扭矩TM的电机轴120；变速器输入轴130，其包括变速器输入扭矩TI；和行星齿轮组150。额外地描绘了变矩器140。额外地描绘了扭矩传送轴180和185。行星齿轮组150包括示例性的齿轮154和156以及行星齿轮155。齿轮154和156包括太阳齿轮和齿圈。在图1的非限制性的示例性描绘中，齿轮154为齿圈，而齿轮156为太阳齿轮。三个离合器被描绘成包括离合器A160、离合器B165和离合器C175。如所描绘地，离合器A160、离合器B165和离合器C175包括被致动至联接位置以锁定相关的轴或者被致动至去联接位置以允许相关的轴彼此自由旋转的离合器。离合器A160、离合器B165和离合器C175的示例性实施例包括液压致动的离合器，如上所述。
本领域中已知动力系中的液压离合器的控制方法。控制到离合器的压力，以便将离合器从锁定位置致动至解锁位置。在某些实施例中，在离合器中可控制中间位置或滑移位置。控制到液压离合器的压力的许多方法是已知的并且在此将不详细描述。
离合器的操作可通过描述取决于动力系期望的操作的各种离合器状态的换档表来表示。表1描述了离合器A、B和C的示例性操作，如图1所描绘。
表1
Figure 948391DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
标识X描述锁定的离合器。标识滑移描述以不及（不足）锁定状况的方式操作的离合器，以横跨离合器但在离合器内具有相对运动的情况下传送扭矩。这样，可控制离合器A、B和C，以在动力系中选择性地传递扭矩。
已知离合器的另一示例性类型包括可选择的单向离合器(SOWC)。这样的SOWC允许沿空转方向的旋转，并且沿锁定方向旋转地固定或沿锁定方向不允许旋转。示例性的单向离合器包括定位成使得一个配合在另一个内的两个同心圈。基于该两个同心圈相互作用的表面，利用机构以允许所述圈沿一个方向的旋转并阻止沿另一方向在所述圈之间的旋转，或者赋予离合器的单向操作。已知赋予SOWC的这种单向功能的多种机构。示例性机构包括弹簧加载片，其铰接并围绕所述圈之一的周缘定向，使得：当延伸时，所述片中的一个片延伸到另一圈的周缘内，而当压下时，所述片配合在其铰接至的所述圈的周缘内。所述片未铰接至的另一圈包括凹进特征，该凹进特征成形为接纳配对片并沿锁定方向将所述圈旋转地固定在一起，或者将配对片压入压下位置以允许沿空转方向的旋转。已知许多SOWC设计，包括斜撑式、肘杆式、滚柱式、二极管式或棘爪式，并且本发明不意于局限于在此描述的特定示例性实施例。
除SOWC的所描述的单向功能之外，这样的离合器包括可选择的功能，其中能改变该单向装置的功能。这样的可选择的功能可包括许多实施例。在SOWC的一种示例性可选择的功能中，SOWC可选择成以两种状态操作，包括沿前向方向锁定并沿反向方向空转的第一状态和沿前向方向空转并沿反向方向锁定的第二状态。许多机构可用于提供SOWC的可选择的功能。在一个示例性实施例中，围绕SOWC的圆形构件定位的环形圈可包括多个片以与SOWC的锁定机构相互作用，其中环形圈的机械平移通过所述片抑制锁定机构的操作来确定SOWC的可选择的功能。SOWC可选择的功能的致动可通过液压致动、电子致动或本领域已知的任何其他方法例如通过来自控制模块的命令来实现。
在动力系中使用SOWC包括离合器设定之间的选择在离合器卸载时可发生的定位的使用。许多锁定机构在离合器加载的同时不能从锁定状态过渡至解锁状态。
行星齿轮组的空转和固接常常是具体档位状态设定的静态参数。例如，在选定具体构造的情况下，控制行星齿轮组的齿轮的离合器被选择性地启动至固接设定以将动力从扭矩产生装置传送至动力传动系统，以及被选择性地停用以允许动力系滑行。在这样的示例中，当监测的扭矩平衡通过行星齿轮组沿正方向时可启动液压离合器，这样的正方向描述发动机向动力传动系统提供扭矩，而当扭矩平衡沿负方向时可将液压离合器停用至空转设定，这样的负方向描述通过变速器由动力传动系统提供比发动机扭矩大的扭矩。在这样的环境下操作液压离合器需要对通过行星齿轮组的扭矩平衡进行监测或建模，并基于期望的固接或空转设定控制液压离合器。应意识到的是，具有单向功能的离合器可用于这样的操作。在这样的构造中，离合器的该单向操作可沿一个方向自动地空转，并沿另一方向固接，从而消除对于在扭矩平衡方向的每次过渡而启动液压离合器的需求。另外，开式液压离合器包括基本拖曳（drag）值，以描述开式离合器内的到摩擦的动力损失。在一个示例性构造中，开式离合器包括1.2N-m的拖曳。这样的拖曳值降低动力系的效率。空转SOWC包括通常较低的拖曳值。在一个示例性构造中，空转SOWC包括0.2N-m的拖曳。尽管单向离合器的操作可适合所选择的动力系的构造，但动力系的操作和离合器设定的对应要求可变化。例如，如果电动机连接至行星齿轮组并需要以再生模式操作，其中从动力传动系统传送至电机的扭矩用于产生电力以便存储和以后使用，则尽管动力传动系统扭矩超过电机扭矩，但行星齿轮组需要离合器保持固接。SOWC可包括可选择的功能，从而允许在动力传动系统扭矩超过电机扭矩的情况下或固接设定的选择或空转。
其他示例存在，其中离合器的状态需要选择，例如在图1的示例性构造中，离合器165和175可选择地被启动，例如，仅离合器175启动在较低档位，结合离合器160被设定成固接设定，提供相对于构件130的旋转的潜在降档或改变电机与通过行星齿轮组传送的扭矩之间的相互作用。与离合器160设定成空转状态并且启动离合器165和175的结合，处于较高档位中的相同构造提供发动机与构件130的旋转之间的固定的关系。在这些示例以及本领域已知的其他示例性构造中，连接至动力系的行星齿轮组的离合器的固接设定或空转设定的选择被需求以贯穿操作设定的整个范围来操作和控制动力系。
对包括多个扭矩产生装置的动力系进行控制的方法包括利用SOWC，以选择性地提供位于动力系的扭矩产生装置与动力系的变速器之间的行星齿轮组的固接或空转。
图2示意性地图示根据本发明包括SOWC的示例性混合动力系，其包括将多个扭矩产生装置选择性地连接至变速器输入轴的行星齿轮组和相关可选择地操作的离合器。描绘了混合动力系300，其包括供应发动机扭矩TE的输入轴110；供应电机扭矩TM的电机轴120；变速器输入轴130，其包括变速器输入扭矩TI；和行星齿轮组150。额外地描绘了变矩器140。额外地描绘了扭矩传送轴180和185。行星齿轮组150包括作为齿圈的示例性齿轮154、行星齿轮155和作为太阳齿轮的齿轮156。三个离合器被描绘成包括SOWC360、离合器B165和离合器C175。如所描绘，离合器B165和离合器C175包括被致动至联接位置以锁定相关的轴或者被致动至去联接位置以允许相关的轴彼此自由旋转的离合器。离合器B165和离合器C175的示例性实施例包括液压致动的离合器，如上所述。SOWC360包括用于在沿前向方向锁定的离合器与沿反向方向锁定的离合器之间选择的选择机构365。取决于SOWC360的选择设定，齿轮154沿一个方向被锁定，以将行星齿轮组150固接，和该齿轮154被允许沿相反方向旋转，以允许行星齿轮组150沿该方向空转。
沿前向方向锁定与沿反向方向锁定之间的选择是SOWC360的描绘的选择功能。应意识到的是，不同的特定SOWC可具有不同的选择功能，例如，在沿一个方向锁定与沿两个方向锁定之间选择或者在三种设定诸如沿一个方向锁定、沿另一方向锁定和沿两个方向锁定之间选择。预想有许多SOWC构造，并且本发明不意于局限于在此描述的特定示例性实施例。
动力系内的SOWC期望的操作可取决于由动力系执行的期望的操作或操纵。表2描述了对于图2的示例性动力系300的许多动力系操纵和对应的示例性离合器状态。
表2
Figure 177116DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
值X描述锁定的液压致动离合器。值F描述沿前向方向锁定并沿反向方向空转的SOWC。R描述沿反向方向锁定的SOWC，而F-R描述沿反向方向和前向方向锁定的SOWC。空白描述解锁的离合器或沿双向空转的离合器。能有四种模式的示例性SOWC离合器可用于获得所提及的所有四种状态：沿双向空转、沿任一方向锁定、或沿双向锁定。然而，在有些实施例中，沿一个方向锁定SOWC的需要不排除维持SOWC沿另一方向锁定。示例性双模式SOWC在两种模式或状态之间选择。在示例性的车辆应用中，在沿前向方向驱动的正常操作下，SOWC可沿前向方向锁定，以向车辆提供原动力。当需要沿反向方向锁定的SOWC，例如以提供发动机制动、再生制动或沿反向方向的原动力例如由相反操作的电机所提供时，SOWC尽管沿反向方向锁定但仍可能够保持沿前向方向锁定。这样，代替超过两种可选择的模式，通过仅需要两种可选择的模式能降低SOWC的复杂性。可利用示例性的三模式SOWC，以在例如包括前向锁定模式、后向锁定模式和空转模式的三种状态之间选择。取决于动力系特定的实施例，双模式SOWC可构造成利用所述可能模式中的任何两种模式，而三路SOWC可构造成利用所述可能模式中的任何三种模式。
描述的操纵包括空转发动机停止操作，其中电动机接合至行星齿轮组。描述的操纵还包括在启动操作期间的前进档中的电动模式，其中电动机仅用于从静止发动动力系的前向运动。描述的操纵还包括在启动操作期间的倒档中的电动模式，其中电动机仅用于从静止发动动力系的后向运动。描述的操纵还包括在驱动操作期间的前进档中的电动模式，其中电动机仅用于从静止维持动力系的前向运动。描述的操纵还包括在驱动操作期间的倒档中的电动模式，其中电动机仅用于从静止维持动力系的后向运动。描述的操纵还包括从电动模式向发动机运转操作的过渡和额外的从发动机运转模式向电动模式操作的过渡。描述的操纵还包括并联混合构造，其中来自发动机的扭矩和来自电动机的扭矩用于通过行星齿轮组向动力传动系统提供扭矩。表2描述了利用沿前向方向锁定的SOWC的多个操纵或期望的动力系操作状态，以及需要SOWC沿前向方向空转的单个期望的动力系操作状态。设想有许多额外的或替代性的操纵或期望的动力系操作状态，并且本发明不意于受限于在此描述的特定示例性实施例。在另一示例性模式(再生模式)中，SOWC可用于通过反向肘杆(strut)沿后向方向锁定，以便从动力传动系统向电动机提供扭矩。
与SOWC组合的行星齿轮组可用于选择性地将多个扭矩产生装置连接至输入轴至变速器。类似地，SOWC可使用在变速器内。共同未决并且普通转让的美国No.12/117,923(对应的美国专利公布No.2008/0300093 A1)描述了变速器内的SOWC的操作，并在此通过参考并入。
图3示意性地图示了根据本发明的包括SOWC以及利用第二SOWC的示例性八级变速器的示例性混合动力系，其包括选择性地将多个扭矩产生装置连接至变速器输入轴的行星齿轮组和相关可选择地操作的离合器。描绘了混合动力系400，其包括供应发动机扭矩TE的输入轴110；供应电机扭矩TM的电机轴120；变速器输入轴130，其包括变速器输入扭矩TI；和行星齿轮组150。SOWC360被描绘成包括选择机构365。额外地描绘了变速器405，其包括行星齿轮组410、420、430和440。描绘了第二SOWC450，其包括选择机构455。如上所述，SOWC必须安置成扭矩在这里为零或可横跨SOWC达到零，以便使得SOWC能够从锁定状态过渡到解锁状态。变速器405通过液压致动的离合器460、462、464和466的选择性的致动操作。第二SOWC450用于将行星齿轮组440的齿圈固接。离合器460用于将行星齿轮组410和440的太阳齿轮固接。离合器462用于将行星齿轮组410的行星齿轮连接至行星齿轮组430的太阳齿轮。离合器464用于将行星齿轮组410的齿圈连接至行星齿轮组430的太阳齿轮。离合器466用于将行星齿轮组420的齿圈连接至行星齿轮组430的太阳齿轮。基于变速器405的期望的档位选择性地控制第二SOWC450。根据基于期望档位状态的包括SOWC450的操作的离合器的操作，变速器405通过由期望的或当前的档位状态限定的齿轮比在轴130与动力传动系统轴470之间传送扭矩。
表3提供根据本发明的混合动力系400的示例性操作。
表3
Figure 956853DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
如上所述，第二SOWC250选择性地将行星齿轮组的连接构件固接。在倒档的R或反向方向设定中，第二SOWC450提供扭矩选择性的应用，使得当沿前向方向向变速器施加扭矩时，能沿反向方向向动力传动系统施加扭矩。在另一实施例中，在沿反向方向向变速器施加扭矩的情况下，倒档可包括与第一档相同的档位设定。在空档中，在表3所描述的示例性实施例中，不向变速器输入施加扭矩，并且O表示可利用任何SOWC设定。在前进档一至五中，在发动机制动或再生制动的接合例如通过第一SOWC360的操作可选择地接合的情况下，描绘的变速器构造被赋予沿前向或反向方向传送扭矩。根据F-R规定，在档位一至五中，第二SOWC沿双向锁定。在档位六至八中，不再允许发动机制动和再生制动，并且SOWC保持仅沿前向方向锁定，以允许扭矩传递以驱动动力传动系统，而且允许沿反向方向空转以使得能够滑行。
以上的方法可在控制模块内操作。控制模块可在单一装置内实现，以执行在此描述的方法。在其他实施例中，该控制模块位于较大的控制模块内或作为较大的控制模块的一部分，例如在变速器控制模块内。在其他实施例中，控制模块可描述在多个物理装置内执行并操作以运行如所描述的方法的功能。
控制模块、模块、控制器、控制单元、处理器和类似的术语表示专用集成电路(ASIC)、电子电路、执行一种或多种软件或固件程序的中央处理单元(优选地微处理器)和相关的存储器和储存器(只读、可编程只读、随机存取、硬盘等)、组合逻辑电路、输入/输出电路和装置、合适的信号调节和缓冲线路、以及提供所描述功能的其它合适部件中的一个或多个的任何合适的一个或不同的组合。控制模块具有一组控制算法，包括存储在存储器中并执行以提供期望的功能的驻留软件程序指令和校准。算法优选地在预置的循环期间执行。算法诸如由中央处理器执行，并可操作以监测来自感测装置及其他网络控制模块的输入，和执行控制与诊断程序以控制致动器的操作。可在进行的发动机和车辆操作期间在规则间隔例如每3.125、6.25、12.5、25和100毫秒执行循环。替代地，算法可响应于事件的发生执行。
本发明已描述了某些优选的实施例及所述某些优选实施例的变型。对于本领域的技术人员来说在阅读和理解说明书的基础上可出现另外的变型和变更。因此，本发明不意于受限于作为为实施本发明所构思的最佳模式而公开的特定实施例，而是本发明将包括落入随附权利要求范围内的所有实施例。

Claims (10)

1.控制动力系的方法，所述动力系包括多个扭矩产生装置、变速器输入轴和将所述扭矩产生装置连接至所述变速器输入轴的行星齿轮组，所述方法包括：
监测所述动力系的期望的构造；以及
基于所述动力系的期望的构造通过可选择的单向离合器将所述行星齿轮组的齿轮选择地固接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，监测所述动力系的期望的构造包括监测所述动力系的期望的档位状态。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述动力系的期望的构造还包括电动机的操作方向。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述动力系的期望的构造还包括发动机制动。
5.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述动力系的期望的构造还包括再生制动。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，监测所述动力系的期望的构造包括监测所述多个扭矩产生装置期望的操作。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
监测期望的档位状态；以及
通过第二可选择的单向离合器将变速器装置内的第二行星齿轮组的齿轮选择性地固接。
8.控制动力系的系统，所述动力系包括多个扭矩产生装置、行星齿轮组和变速器输入轴，所述系统包括：
所述行星齿轮组在所述扭矩产生装置与所述变速器输入轴之间传递扭矩；
将所述行星齿轮组的齿轮选择地固接的可选择的单向离合器；以及
控制模块：
       监测所述动力系的期望的操作；
       基于所述动力系的期望的操作确定所述可选择的单向离合器的期望的设定；以及
       基于所述可选择的单向离合器的期望的设定控制所述可选择的单向离合器。
9.根据权利要求8所述的系统，其特征在于，确定所述可选择的单向离合器的期望的设定包括在所述可选择的单向离合器沿一个方向锁定和沿第二方向空转与所述可选择的单向离合器沿所述第一方向和所述第二方向锁定之间选择。
10.根据权利要求8所述的系统，其特征在于，还包括变速器，所述变速器包括第二可选择的单向离合器；以及
所述控制模块还：
监测期望的档位状态；
确定所述第二可选择的单向离合器的期望的设定；以及
基于所述第二可选择的单向离合器的期望的设定控制所述第二可选择的单向离合器。
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