CN102515782A - Method for sintering Chinese Jun porcelain at oxidizing atmosphere with addition of nano-material - Google Patents
Method for sintering Chinese Jun porcelain at oxidizing atmosphere with addition of nano-material Download PDFInfo
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- CN102515782A CN102515782A CN2011104352877A CN201110435287A CN102515782A CN 102515782 A CN102515782 A CN 102515782A CN 2011104352877 A CN2011104352877 A CN 2011104352877A CN 201110435287 A CN201110435287 A CN 201110435287A CN 102515782 A CN102515782 A CN 102515782A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for sintering Chinese Jun porcelain at the oxidizing atmosphere with the addition of a nano-material. According to the method, a non-toxic nanoscale copper simple substance is used as an auxiliary agent to sinter the Chinese Jun porcelain with a blue opalescence effect at the common air atmosphere. The auxiliary agent used in the invention is a nano-copper particle aqueous solution, can be directly applied on the surface of a Chinese Jun porcelain green body, is non-toxic and will never pollute the environment. The copper simple substance is a color former and also can be used as a reducing agent to influence the existence form of the substance in glaze. A kiln used in the invention is a temperature programmed muffle furnace which is clean without pollution. The atmosphere and temperature in the furnace are easy to control. According to the invention, the Chinese Jun porcelain with reduction effect is sintered at the oxidizing atmosphere. The method is green and environmentally friendly, and can be used to reduce the production cost.
Description
Invention field
The invention belongs to the materials chemistry field, relate to a kind of micro Nano material is fired pottery under oxidizing atmosphere method that adds.
Technical background
Pottery is one of China's Song dynasties five your name's kiln porcelain, is world-famous for the transmutation of uniqueness art, have the good reputation of " gold have valency an ancient unit of weight priceless " and " there is ten thousand strings of cash in family, is not so good as one of pottery ".Yuzhou City, Henan Province, the town's unique treasures Shenhou porcelain, Jun porcelain glaze colorful, with its quaint styling, superb technology, complex with glaze, "into the kiln the same color, the kiln million Choi" magic kiln , color graphics endless variations, known as China's "five porcelains" first.
Aesthetic and artistic effect that " transmutation " of an ancient unit of weight glaze and consequent " opalescence " are given pottery, inseparable with chemical constitution, technological process and the kiln atmosphere of an ancient unit of weight glaze.The formation mechanism of an ancient unit of weight glaze transmutation, the characteristics of an ancient unit of weight glaze chemical constitution and with microstructural relation, the relation of external appearance characteristic and technological process is attracting domestic and international many ceramists' eyeball always.These have the discussion of problem to be solved, for ceramic technology and pottery production the important in theory directive significance are arranged.The scientific and technical research of an ancient unit of weight glaze starts from the twenties in last century, but early stage research and tire glaze chemical analysis data are less, lacks common ground each other again, fails to disclose the characteristics of an ancient unit of weight glaze chemical constitution, can't carry out analysis-by-synthesis from the angle of science.Since the seventies; Domestic and international many scholars deliver the paper of many pieces of relevant research an ancient unit of weight glaze; A large amount of experimental analysis data are provided; To the characteristics and the microstructural characteristic of the chemical constitution of an ancient unit of weight glaze, the aspects such as mechanism that an ancient unit of weight glaze " transmutation " and consequent " opalescence " form propose many new opinions.
The basic glaze colours of the most of product of an ancient unit of weight kiln is the deep or light blue opalescence glaze that differs.Variation by the blue depth is called sky blue, reddish black and bluish white respectively.The opalescence phenomenon that this is peculiar mainly is the result of an ancient unit of weight glaze liquid～liquid phase-splitting, and the another kind of small size droplet-like that promptly in the successive glass matrix, suspending and the successive second phase glass claim that they are disperse phase, or are called the second phase particle.The second phase size of particles of pottery meets the Reyleigh scattering generally in 40～120nm scope, and the glaze layer has stronger scattering process to the short blue light of wavelength, and institute is so that pottery is sky blue to reddish black tone.
Need partial reduction atmosphere in the whole sintering procedure of pottery, and reduction intensity and time are had very high requirement, reduction is too early, late excessively, long or too short, does not all reach ideal transmutation effect, the glaze colours that can not get expecting.If want the glaze colours that under total oxygen voltinism atmosphere, obtains expecting then need add ceramic pigment.Cobalt blue is as a kind of traditional typical spinel type colorant, and, color development strong because of its colour generation ability stablized, and in base and glaze, adds can demonstrate darker blueness on a small quantity, so be one of the most salable colorant kind on the market always.Its traditional fabrication method is a solid phase method, and solid phase method is that metal-salt, MOX or oxyhydroxide are mixed by a certain percentage, grind, and the mixed powder after high-temperature calcination is ground is pulverized and obtained the colorant finished product.Solid phase method have technical process simple, be easy to advantage such as control; But calcining temperature is high, the time long, power consumption is high; Cause grain growth easily and make pigment granules thick, and high calcining temperature can cause some component volatilization, thereby cause departing from of stoichiometric ratio.Along with the beramic color fineness requirement is more and more high, the method for leaning on mechanical force to pulverize can not meet the demands, and the long-time crushing process of batch mixing and burning back is introduced pollutions such as ball-milling medium and inner lining material easily.
Present more employing chemical coprecipitation prepares cobalt blue; Prepare cobalt blue dye with aluminum soluble salt with chemical coprecipitation; Cobalt salt is a raw material; With urea, ammoniacal liquor, sodium hydroxide etc. is precipitation agent, makes the coprecipitate (abbreviation presoma) of cobalt aluminium hydroxide earlier, calcines through 900～1000 ℃ to make lovely luster, need not pulverize just very loose, particle diameter evenly and the cobalt blue dye of spinel structure arranged.The technical process that chemical coprecipitation prepares cobalt blue is: liquid stock phase reaction → filtration → washing → oven dry → calcining → product.No matter with what as precipitation agent, precipitated product is Co, Al ionic oxyhydroxide normally, obtains the cobalt blue dye of spinel structure after the calcination.Robot systems such as Luo Wenqin have been discussed technological factors such as precipitation agent kind (precipitation agent is sodium hydroxide, ammoniacal liquor or urea), reaction soln concentration, washing methods, dispersion agent to the synthetic cobalt blue dye Effect on Performance of liquid-phase precipitation method.
Simultaneously we are noted that: excessive be exposed to the working space that contains cobalt powder dirt or drink contain the too high water of cobalt amount and can cause the heart, lung and skin injury.About the toxicity of cobalt in tap water, existing experiment shows that only 0.2mg/L has just produced toxicity to experimental rats.In addition, cobalt also is considered to the carcinogenic substance relevant with occupation.Therefore, cobalt and its esters are put into relevant decree list as poisonous or Hazardous substances, and cobalt appears in the list of resolution of 94/904/EEC European Union and the qualification of 91/689/EEC european union directive.Limit rules according to relevant dust, airborne cobalt contents, the technology limiting value of Germany is 0.5mg/m
3The standard that industrial hygiene expert association of United States Government (ACGIH) formulates is for cobalt, and limit value is 0.05mg/m
3, to the cobalt inorganic salt, limit value is 0.10mg/m
3
It is thus clear that, if can in pottery, add a kind of uncontamination property raw material, utilize its liquid-liquid phase-splitting to obtain blueness, the method for abandoning tradition colour developing is highly significant.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of oxidizing atmosphere sintering technology, add a kind of nontoxic non-colorant auxiliary agent, burning out has blue opalescence effect pottery.
Realize the technical scheme of the object of the invention: a kind of method of firing pottery; It is characterized in that; Add a kind of nontoxic non-colorant nano material and make auxiliary agent; Under oxidizing atmosphere, firing blueness has opalescent pottery, and described auxiliary agent is a kind of nanometer copper particle aqueous solution that contains, and the copper quality of adding accounts for 2%～5.5% of glaze dry weight.
In the method for the present invention, the used nanometer copper particle aqueous solution is provided by Henan Province's nano material Engineering Technical Research Centre, and its copper particle particle diameter is in the 5-100 nanometer.Copper content is 6.0wt%～7.0wt%.
In the method for the present invention, whole sintering procedure carries out in the temperature programming retort furnace, and the upper temperature limit of temperature programming retort furnace is higher than 1300 ℃.Temperature programming retort furnace cleanliness without any pollution has been abandoned when kiln used firewood, coal or Sweet natural gas heating in the past, because the pollution that these fuel self volatilization gas causes pottery helps obtaining oxidizing atmosphere simultaneously; In addition, this device can accurately be controlled heating curve, and temperature lowering curve, helps producing in batches.
The used pottery embryo of the present invention is provided by Yuzhou City pottery institute, and glaze is an ancient unit of weight glaze basis glaze.
The used characterization method of the present invention: ESEM (Zeiss EVO LS-15) is observed cross section bubble of glaze layer and crystallization shape, with the elemental distribution of X-ray energy spectrum (Bruker XFlash Detector 5010) research glaze layer.
Pottery sintering technology of the present invention has following advantage:
1. the present invention's pottery of adopting oxidizing atmosphere to fire to have blue opalescence effect.Pottery is in the past fired, and adopts reducing atmosphere more, and the composition that mainly reduces is a carbon monoxide, and itself is flammable, and is explosive.
2. the present invention is kiln furnace used is the temperature programming retort furnace, good air tightness is arranged, furnace atmosphere and easy control of temperature.
3. the outer adding assistant raw material of the present invention is the elemental copper nano particle, and is nontoxic and can not pollute environment.
4. copper simple substance is coupler, and can be used as reductive agent again influences material existence form in the glaze layer, is beneficial to the appearance of second phase, influences glaze layer color through Rayleigh scattering (Reyleigh scattering).
Description of drawings
The pottery photo that Fig. 1-1, embodiment 1 are fired
Picture is amplified on the pottery surface that Fig. 1-2, embodiment 1 are fired
The pottery photo that Fig. 2-1, embodiment 2 are fired
The pottery surface enlarged photograph that Fig. 2-2, embodiment 2 are fired
The cross section ESEM picture of pottery that Fig. 2-3, embodiment 2 are fired
The pottery crystallization portions of electronics ESEM picture of Fig. 2-4, embodiment 2
Fig. 2-5, embodiment 2X-gamma spectrometer characterize the sampling spot distribution schematic diagram
Crystallization part X-ray energy spectrum comparison diagram a is crystallization part not in an ancient unit of weight enamel layer that Fig. 2-6, embodiment 2 are fired, and b is the crystallization part.
An ancient unit of weight enamel layer X-ray powder diffraction comparison diagram that Fig. 2-7, embodiment 2 are fired
The pottery photo that Fig. 3-1, embodiment 3 are fired
The pottery surface enlarged photograph that Fig. 3-2, embodiment 3 are fired
The pottery photo that Fig. 4-1, embodiment 4 are fired
Picture is amplified on the pottery surface that Fig. 4-2, embodiment 4 are fired
The pottery photo that Fig. 5-1, embodiment 5 are fired
Picture is amplified on the pottery surface that Fig. 5-2, embodiment 5 are fired
The pottery square section ESEM picture that Fig. 5-3, embodiment 5 are fired
Embodiment
Further specify how under total oxygen gasification atmosphere, to fire pottery through embodiment below with reduction effect through outer adding assistant.
1. experiment is prepared: by prescription weighing glaze.With glaze: the ball milling ball: water is 1: 1.5: 0.8 the mass ratio ball mill of packing into, ball milling one hour, and the glaze fineness is crossed 250 mesh sieve screen over-sizes less than 0.06wt%, the moisture 55wt% that is controlled at of glaze slip; Nanometer copper particle aqueous solution copper content is 6.4wt%.Base substrate is made by the unselected clay injection process, naturally cooling in the air after 900 ℃ of biscuitings.
2. experimental procedure: adopt the glaze method glazing; Through 60 ℃ of freeze-day with constant temperature of loft drier 300 minutes; Be cooled to after the room temperature with brush evenly at its outside surface brush one deck nanometer copper particle aqueous solution, make that copper content is 2wt% in the glaze layer, and then put it in the baking oven 60 ℃ of freeze-day with constant temperature 60 minutes; Put into the vacuum retort furnace, air is closed fire door as oxidizing atmosphere, at the uniform velocity is warming up to 1300 ℃ with 5 ℃/minute, and constant temperature is naturally cooling after 60 minutes, opens fire door after reducing to below 200 ℃ after 16 hours to take out pottery.Implements are shown in Fig. 1-1.
3. experimental summary: after adding copper, pottery open bubble defective obviously reduces when not adding copper, and like Fig. 1-2, the moon white of color when originally not adding copper becomes sky blue.
Embodiment 2
1. experiment is prepared: with embodiment 1.
2. experimental procedure: adopt the glaze method glazing; Through 60 ℃ of freeze-day with constant temperature of loft drier 300 minutes; Be cooled to after the room temperature with brush evenly at its outside surface brush nanometer copper particle aqueous solution, controlling its quality proportion is the 5wt% of glaze layer, and then puts it in the baking oven 60 ℃ of freeze-day with constant temperature 60 minutes; Go into the vacuum retort furnace, close fire door, at the uniform velocity be warming up to 1300 ℃ with 5 ℃/minute, constant temperature stopped after 60 minutes, and slowly cooling through reducing to below 200 ℃ after 16 hours, is opened fire door taking-up pottery.Implements are shown in Fig. 2-1.
3. experimental summary: the pottery smooth surface, no air blister defect has good brightness and glaze colours obvious, like Fig. 2-2.This moment, the pottery glaze colours became Celeste by the sky blue of embodiment 1.Characterizing discovery pottery inside through sem has bubble to exist, but all rests between glaze layer and the base substrate, does not get into the glaze layer, shown in Fig. 2-3.Find simultaneously to add after the copper, the glaze layer has tangible crystallization phenomenon, shown in Fig. 2-4.In conjunction with the X-gamma spectrometer, the applicant gets a in Fig. 2-5, the b sampling spot characterizes it, finds that crystallization part chlorine, sodium element content increase, like Fig. 2-6 (a) and (b).The glaze layer is polished, characterize, find to add copper silica crystals minimizing afterwards, like Fig. 2-7 (a) through the X-ray powder diffraction.
1. experiment is prepared: with embodiment 1.
2. experimental procedure: adopt the glaze method glazing; Through 60 ℃ of freeze-day with constant temperature of loft drier 300 minutes; Smear the nanometer copper particle aqueous solution with brush equably at its outside surface after being cooled to room temperature; Make that the copper mass content is 5.5wt% in the glaze layer, and then put it in the baking oven 60 ℃ of freeze-day with constant temperature 60 minutes.Go into the vacuum retort furnace, close fire door, at the uniform velocity be warming up to 1300 ℃ with 5 ℃/minute, constant temperature stopped after 60 minutes, and slowly cooling through reducing to below 200 ℃ after 16 hours, is opened fire door taking-up pottery.Implements are shown in Fig. 3-1,3-2.
3. experimental summary: copper has obvious flowability in the pottery sintering procedure, can spread.
Embodiment 4
1. experiment is prepared: with embodiment 1.
2. experimental procedure: the ratio with 0.03g/ml in the glaze adds Al
2O
3, adopt the glazing of brushing glazing method, after 60 ℃ of freeze-day with constant temperature of loft drier 300 minutes, smear the nanometer copper particle aqueous solution equably at its outside surface after being cooled to room temperature, making copper content is 5wt%, puts it in the baking oven 60 ℃ of freeze-day with constant temperature again 60 minutes; Go into the vacuum retort furnace, as oxidizing atmosphere, at the uniform velocity be warming up to 1300 ℃ with 5 ℃/minute with air, constant temperature stopped after 60 minutes, and slowly cooling through reducing to below 200 ℃ after 16 hours, is opened fire door taking-up pottery.Implements such as Fig. 4-1, Fig. 4-2.
4. experimental summary: can find out that from 4-2 glaze colours has than about-face, on original blue basis, white dot occur, milkiness sense simultaneously obviously strengthens.
Main as contrast, do not smear the nanometer copper particle aqueous solution.
1. experiment is prepared: except that not adding the nanometer copper particle aqueous solution, other is with embodiment 1.
2. experimental procedure: adopt the glaze method glazing, through 60 ℃ of freeze-day with constant temperature of loft drier 300 minutes.Go into the vacuum retort furnace, as oxidizing atmosphere, close fire door with air, at the uniform velocity be warming up to 1300 ℃ with 5 ℃/minute, constant temperature stopped after 60 minutes.Slowly cooling is opened fire door after reducing to below 200 ℃ after 16 hours and is taken out pottery.Implements such as Fig. 5-1.
3. experimental summary: present embodiment gained pottery is a white, and the glaze layer is colourless and surperficial to have pin hole more, like Fig. 5-2.Can find out have bubble to escape into the glaze layer from the ESEM picture, influence glaze layer color developing effect, like Fig. 5-3.
Claims (5)
1. method of firing pottery; It is characterized in that add a kind of nontoxic non-colorant nano material and make auxiliary agent, under oxidizing atmosphere, firing blueness has opalescent pottery; Described auxiliary agent is a kind of nanometer copper particle aqueous solution that contains, and the copper quality of adding accounts for 2%～5.5% of glaze dry weight.
2. a kind of method of firing pottery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the described nanometer copper particle aqueous solution that contains, and its copper particle particle diameter is in 5～100 nanometers.
3. a kind of method of firing pottery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the described nanometer copper particle aqueous solution, copper mass ratio are 6.0wt%～7.0wt%.
4. a kind of method of firing pottery as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that whole sintering procedure carries out in the temperature programming retort furnace.
5. a kind of method of firing pottery as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that the upper temperature limit of temperature programming retort furnace is higher than 1300 ℃.
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| CN201110435287.7A CN102515782B (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2011-12-22 | Method for sintering Chinese Jun porcelain at oxidizing atmosphere with addition of nano-material |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103204675A (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2013-07-17 | 兰州交通大学 | Manufacturing method of novel porcelain artwork |
| CN102964146B (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2014-04-16 | 北京清焰石科技发展有限公司 | Jun porcelain and method for producing same |
| CN106467413A (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2017-03-01 | 许昌学院 | The resintering method that imitation Song-Dynasty-style typeface an ancient unit of weight official's porcelain is fired based on nano-sized iron oxide glaze and its serial imitation Song-Dynasty-style typeface an ancient unit of weight official's porcelain fired |
| CN107573021A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-01-12 | 禹州市正玉钧窑有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of pottery handicraft |
| CN107602152A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-01-19 | 禹州市正玉钧窑有限公司 | A kind of pottery is with bluish white glaze and the technique for preparing pottery with bluish white glaze using pottery |
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| JPH07267729A (en) * | 1994-03-28 | 1995-10-17 | Taiyo Yuden Co Ltd | Production of grain boundary insulated semiconductor porcelain |
| CN101977859A (en) * | 2008-03-19 | 2011-02-16 | 劳力士有限公司 | Enamel |
| CN102115147A (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2011-07-06 | 许昌学院 | Chemical method for preparing copper oxide crystals with biological micro-nano structures by thermal decomposition |
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Patent Citations (3)
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| JPH07267729A (en) * | 1994-03-28 | 1995-10-17 | Taiyo Yuden Co Ltd | Production of grain boundary insulated semiconductor porcelain |
| CN101977859A (en) * | 2008-03-19 | 2011-02-16 | 劳力士有限公司 | Enamel |
| CN102115147A (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2011-07-06 | 许昌学院 | Chemical method for preparing copper oxide crystals with biological micro-nano structures by thermal decomposition |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102964146B (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2014-04-16 | 北京清焰石科技发展有限公司 | Jun porcelain and method for producing same |
| CN103204675A (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2013-07-17 | 兰州交通大学 | Manufacturing method of novel porcelain artwork |
| CN106467413A (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2017-03-01 | 许昌学院 | The resintering method that imitation Song-Dynasty-style typeface an ancient unit of weight official's porcelain is fired based on nano-sized iron oxide glaze and its serial imitation Song-Dynasty-style typeface an ancient unit of weight official's porcelain fired |
| CN106467413B (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2019-08-23 | 许昌学院 | The resintering method of imitation Song-Dynasty-style typeface an ancient unit of weight official's porcelain and its serial imitation Song-Dynasty-style typeface an ancient unit of weight official's porcelain of firing are fired based on nano iron oxide glaze |
| CN107602152A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-01-19 | 禹州市正玉钧窑有限公司 | A kind of pottery is with bluish white glaze and the technique for preparing pottery with bluish white glaze using pottery |
| CN107602152B (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2021-04-13 | 禹州市正玉钧窑有限公司 | Green and white glaze for Jun porcelain and process for preparing Jun porcelain by using green and white glaze for Jun porcelain |
| CN107573021A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-01-12 | 禹州市正玉钧窑有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of pottery handicraft |
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Effective date of registration: 20160726 Address after: The western part of Shenhou Town Development Zone in Yuzhou City, Xuchang City, Henan province 461670 Patentee after: Henan Dasong Guan Kiln Co., Ltd. Address before: 461000 Bayi Road, Henan, Xuchang, No. 88 Patentee before: Xuchang College |
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Address after: 461670 western part of the development zone of Shen Zhen Town, Yuzhou City, Xuchang, Henan Patentee after: Song Guan Limited by Share Ltd Address before: 461670 western part of the development zone of Shen Zhen Town, Yuzhou City, Xuchang, Henan Patentee before: Henan Dasong Guan Kiln Co., Ltd. |