CN102515706A - High-performance ceramsite and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-performance ceramsite and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to high-performance ceramsite and a preparation method thereof, which belong to the technical field of building materials, and aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art that the performance of ceramsite which is fired from silt and sludge does not meet the strength requirement of the high-performance ceramsite, the composition of all the raw materials is unreasonable, and the production cost is high. The invention provides the high-performance ceramsite, which are prepared from the raw materials in the following weight percentage: 40 percent to 60 percent of silt, 10 percent to 20 percent of dewatered sludge, and 30 percent to 40 percent of shale. The invention also provides the preparation method of the high-performance ceramsite, which comprises the following steps that: a. mixing; b. granulation; and c. preheating and expansion, and the finished high-performance ceramsite is obtained. The high-performance ceramsite has high accumulation density, cylinder pressure strength and water absorbency, and the method has the advantages of simple process, low investment and low energy consumption.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of haydite, relate in particular to a kind of high performance ceramsite and preparation method thereof, belong to building material technical field.
Background technology
Haydite has excellent performance, and, aspect of performances such as cylindrical compress strength high, porosity height low like density are special because haydite density is little; Inner porous, form, composition be than homogeneous, and have certain intensity and soundness; Thereby have a light weight, corrosion-resistant and good characteristics such as isolated property.Utilize these excellent performances of haydite, can it be widely used in aspects such as building materials, gardening, food-drink, flame-proof thermal insulation material.
Haydite can be divided into Superlight ceramsites (tap density≤500kg/m by the different of its density and intensity
3, haydite concrete intensity 5～15MPa), ordinary ceramsite (tap density 500～700kg/m
3, haydite concrete intensity 15～35MPa), high performance ceramsite (tap density 700～900kg/m
3, haydite concrete intensity 30～60MPa).Wherein high performance ceramsite is meant roasting or the baking-free ceramicite that intensity is higher, water-intake rate is lower, density is less, is commonly referred to as the high-performance light-weight aggregate abroad, and also can be described as high-strength ceramic granule in China.And be that the haydite concrete one hand tile accounts for about 75%, most Superlight ceramsites and ordinary ceramsites of adopting in the application percentage situation of the above-mentioned various haydites of China; Haydite concrete sheet material (comprising mill for slats of center partition wall made, composite thermo-insulating wall board, floor etc.) accounts for about 11%, mainly adopts ordinary ceramsite and Superlight ceramsites; And cast-in-place high-strength lightweight aggregate concrete (superelevation layer framed building, large bridge engineering etc.) accounts for about 2.4%; All adopt high-strength ceramic granule; The application of high-strength ceramic granule in Structural Engineering can reduce member dead weight about 25%, practices thrift reinforcing bar 5%, reduces comprehensive cost 3%～4%.In addition, the application of high-strength ceramic granule in bridge construction, the especially application on soft clay ground, Longspan Bridge more can embody the advantage of its Technological Economy, can reduce cost cost 5%～15%.Therefore, the high-performance of high performance ceramsite causes the concern of countries in the world already.
At present, existing high performance ceramsite adopts natural matters such as clay, shale and flyash to fire to form basically.Raw clay major part is wherein taken from the arable land, does not meet STRATEGIES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; On the other hand, along with increasing substantially of comprehensive utilization rate of coal ash, its price also improves thereupon, has increased the production cost of haydite accordingly.And the haydites of book structure that adopts shale to burn till; Though the shale that adopts does not occupy cultivated land; But because the chemical constitution situation of the shale of each department is different, be difficult to guarantee the performance of haydites of book structure, also increased technology difficulty accordingly; The burning of haydites of book structure burning that temperature will exceed leca 200 ℃ of the temperature even higher that expand that expand have increased production energy consumption; In addition, if the trans-regional shale of selecting for use has increased production cost equally, also be unfavorable for actual industrial production.For this reason, utilize in the prior art and contain great number of organic matters in the mud, can effectively reduce the bloated temperature of burning of haydite; Improve the bloated coefficient of burning of haydite; Through in shale powder, mixing the composition that a certain amount of mud or mud improve compound, thereby make its haydite finished product of firing have better performance, but the haydite that utilizes mud shale to fire in the domestic prior art; Mainly trend towards the research of Superlight ceramsites; The incorporation of its mud is no more than 10% (butt), and the incorporation of shale is that main raw material is processed haydite with shale still mainly 50%～95%.The incorporation of mud is few in its technological process, consumption municipal sludge that can not be a large amount of, thus can not reach the maximum using of recycling sludge; And the firing temperature in its technological process is also higher; Between 1175 ℃～1225 ℃, increased production energy consumption greatly, do not meet energy-conservation production.
It is that main raw material is processed haydite and preparation method of porcelain granule thereof that the mud of employing, mud are also arranged in the prior art.Like one Chinese patent application (publication number: CN:101747050A) a kind of method of utilizing the municipal sludge firing high performance ceramsite; This method comprises that with municipal sludge, flyash and bed-silt be raw material, municipal sludge, flyash and bed-silt is mixed municipal sludge 30.0%～45.0% by following mass percent; Flyash 20.0%～40.0%; Bed-silt 20.0%～40.0% joins each raw material according to the above ratio in the premix stirrer and to stir, and with the ratio of every 100g compound admixture 45～50g water add water be stirred to thick after; Process raw material ball, thorough drying is subsequent use.Then dried raw material ball is put into resistance furnace preheating 40～45 minutes under 700 ℃～800 ℃ temperature; Be transferred in the High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus rapidly again; Under 1200 ℃～1250 ℃ temperature, fired 30～35 minutes; Uniform decrease in temperature to 1130 ℃～1180 ℃ in 15～20 minutes then, the cooling of coming out of the stove promptly obtains the high performance ceramsite finished product.Though the solution of this method part the problem of complex utilization of mud, mud because this method employing powdered coal ash, production cost is higher; And the bloated high temperature of its burning is also higher; Increase production energy consumption accordingly, equally also increased production cost, be not used in suitability for industrialized production.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the defective that exists in the above prior art, a kind of high performance ceramsite and preparation method thereof is provided, it is good to have haydite materials composition haydite performance reasonable, that obtain, and this method has the purpose that technological process is simple, energy consumption is low.
One of the object of the invention is realized through following technical proposal: a kind of high performance ceramsite, this haydite comprise that the raw material that the weight percentage of following composition is formed processes:
Mud: 40%～60%; Mud: 10%～20%; Shale: 30%～40%; Described biological sludge is a dewatered sludge.
Above-mentioned a kind of high performance ceramsite of the present invention adopts mud and mud conduct raw material wherein, has improved the comprehensive utilization ratio of mud and sludge resource, can realize the mud that utilizes of bigizationner, reduces the pressure of mud and mud environmental pollution.Above-mentioned mud is the mud that produces in the sewage work, and the mud organic substance content that sewage work produces is high, and contaminative is big, so the present invention can effectively reduce the pollution of mud to environment, helps environment protection; On the other hand,, can effectively reduce the bloated temperature of burning of haydite, improve the bloated coefficient of burning of haydite owing to contain great number of organic matters in the mud that sewage work produces.But, be unfavorable for directly being used to prepare the haydite pellet because himself water ratio of the mud that sewage work produces is higher.So baking ceramsite will pass through with mud and make its water ratio reduce to the dewatered sludge in the required scope of baking ceramsite after deep dehydration is handled.And mud, mud are complicated in drying process, energy consumption is also higher; In addition, if only adopt mud, mud, do not mix the shale material, the haydite unit weight of firing is light, and intensity is lower, does not reach the requirement of high performance ceramsite.And its water ratio of shale as one of raw material is extremely low among the present invention, through mixing shale, on the one hand, can effectively improve the composition in the compound, makes composition obtain modification, has improved the strength property of haydite finished product greatly; On the other hand, the water ratio of compound can be further reduced, homogenizing, digestion time can be reduced raw material.Promptly improved production efficiency, reduced production cost, and the haydite finished product that obtains can reach the requirement of high performance ceramsite fully.
In above-mentioned a kind of high performance ceramsite of the present invention, the Chemical Composition and the weight percent thereof of described shale are following:
SiO
2：65％～70％； Al
2O
3：18％～21％；
Fe
2O
3：5.0％～6.0％； CaO：0.1％～0.5％；
MgO:1.5%～2.2%; Loss on ignition: 3.0%～5.0%;
All the other are impurity.Because the shale of different areas, the composition of its Chemical Composition has certain difference.Therefore, its haydite end properties of firing also has certain difference.The present invention mainly selects for use the shale of Taizhou Prefecture, Zhejiang as the raw material of firing above-mentioned haydite.And the shale that above-mentioned Chemical Composition of the present invention is formed is the composition situation that has combined mud and dewatered sludge in the raw material of baking ceramsite of the present invention, also considers the factor of burning processing condition aspects such as bloated temperature simultaneously.Make each composition situation of high performance ceramsite of the present invention more reasonable, performance is more superior.Preferred as further, the Chemical Composition and the weight percent thereof of described shale are following:
SiO
2：66％～68％； Al
2O
3：19％～20％；
Fe
2O
3：5.3％～5.8％； CaO：0.2％～0.4％；
MgO:1.8%～2.0%; Loss on ignition: 3.5%～4.5%;
All the other are impurity.
The Chemical Composition and the weight percent thereof of the dewatered sludge described in the above-mentioned a kind of high performance ceramsite of the present invention are following:
SiO
2：30％～45％； Al
2O
3：8.0％～18％；
Fe
2O
3：4.0％～6.0％； CaO：2.0％～3.0％；
MgO:1.5%～4.0%; Loss on ignition: 25%～50%;
All the other are impurity.
Because it is high and big for environment pollution that sludge of sewage treatment plants has organic content, the mud loss on ignition that its sewage work produces is difficult to control far above general municipal sludge in actual baking ceramsite process.On the one hand, organic matter can effectively reduce the bloated temperature of burning, has reduced production energy consumption; On the other hand, in improving the bloated process of haydite burning, in the expansion character of haydite, also influenced the strength property of haydite finished product.For performance and the technological process of taking all factors into consideration haydite, the present invention carries out certain modification through the composition to mud, makes the composition of Chemical Composition in the mud and loss on ignition aspect can both reach improvement, and it is more reasonable to form, and makes to reach better effect.Through in the sludge dewatering process, adding shale mud is carried out obtaining dewatered sludge after the modification.Therefore, preferred as further, the Chemical Composition and the weight percent thereof of above-mentioned described dewatered sludge are following:
SiO
2：40％～42％； Al
2O
3：15％～17％；
Fe
2O
3：4.1％～4.8％； CaO：2.2％～2.5％；
MgO:2.5%～3.8%; Loss on ignition: 26%～30%;
All the other are impurity.Adopt above-mentioned dewatered sludge, can guarantee further that the haydite that obtains reaches the requirement of high performance ceramsite, can also make energy consumption reduction in the technological process, more help industrial production; Simultaneously, the present invention is relatively large to the consumption of mud, can be good at solving the pollution problem of sludge of sewage treatment plants to environment.
Mud described in the above-mentioned a kind of high performance ceramsite of the present invention is selected one or both in riverway sludge or the piling mud for use.Because above-mentioned mud water ratio is relatively low; After general the processing; Its water ratio is all about 20%; Can directly be used to fire high performance ceramsite of the present invention, the Chemical Composition of above-mentioned mud is close with the Chemical Composition of clay, thereby adopts above-mentioned mud can guarantee the performance of haydite as one of main raw material of high performance ceramsite of the present invention.Preferred as further, the Chemical Composition and the weight percent thereof of above-mentioned said mud are following:
SiO
2：60％～70％； Al
2O
3：15％～20％；
Fe
2O
3：3.0％～5.0％； CaO：0.1％～0.5％；
MgO:1.5%～2.5%; Loss on ignition: 5.0%～8.0%;
All the other are impurity.
The water ratio of the mud described in above-mentioned a kind of high performance ceramsite of the present invention is 10%～15%; The water ratio of described dewatered sludge is 50%～66%.Because the water ratio of mud is high, and mud is very fine and smooth, and is more hard to manage after especially handling water ratio below 30% in the dehydration intractable, thereby increased real cost of production greatly.And the present invention is through modification; It is more reasonable that each raw material of firing above-mentioned haydite is formed; The water ratio of selecting above-mentioned dewatered sludge for use is 50%～66%, can make the haydite of firing reach the requirement of high performance ceramsite, but also helps the processing of follow-up ceramsite sintering technology.Reach about 30% with the water content requirement of selecting dewatered sludge in the prior art for use, even higher requirement compares, improved processed process from far away, reduced the production cost of sludge dewatering treatment, and performance is also better mud.
Another object of the present invention realizes through following technical proposal: a kind of preparation method of high performance ceramsite, and this method may further comprise the steps:
A, batch mixing: after sludge dewatering, do according to weight percent; Mud is 40%～60%; Dewatered sludge is 10%～20%; Shale is after 30%～40% material rate is prepared burden, and carries out homogenizing, ageing is handled, and obtains mixture;
B, granulation: the above-mentioned mixture that obtains is extruded through extrusion machine, carried out granulation again, form the material grain;
C, preheating, burning expand: above-mentioned material grain is carried out preheating, and the temperature of preheating is 300 ℃～500 ℃, and the time of preheating is 10～30 minutes; Burn bloatedly after the preheating, the temperature that burn to expand is 1075 ℃～1200 ℃, and burning the time of expanding is 5～30 minutes, burns the postcooling that expands, the high performance ceramsite finished product.
Dewatered sludge described in the above-mentioned steps a adopts following method to obtain: in the mud that sewage work produces, add flocculation agent and shale; After mixing; Put into pressure filter again and carry out processed; Obtaining haydite preparation, to use dewatered sludge, the water ratio of described dewatered sludge be 50%～66%.Described water ratio is a weight moisture capacity.Above-mentioned pressure filter is the conventional equipment of this area, and as preferably, described pressure filter is the high-efficient diaphragm pressure filter, and the high-efficient diaphragm pressure filter also is the conventional equipment of this area.Because the water ratio of the mud that sewage work produces is about 80%～85%, water ratio is high, and its higher organic matter is unfavorable for mixing more in a large number the feedstock production haydite, therefore influences the recycling of mud.For improving its moity and final water ratio, make it reach the optimum range of haydite materials preparation.The present invention helps the processing of sludge dewatering on the one hand through adding flocculation agent and shale, through adding shale mud is carried out modification on the other hand, makes the Chemical Composition composition of mud more reasonable, can improve the performance of burning haydite in the process of expanding.Above-mentioned described flocculation agent is one or both among PAC, the PAM.Described PAC is a Poly aluminum Chloride (PAC), and described PAM is a SEPIGEL 305.Can effectively control the water ratio in the mud through adding above-mentioned flocculation agent, make the water ratio of the dewatered sludge that obtains at last reach requirement, also simplify the treating processes of sludge dewatering simultaneously, it is easier to operate.As preferably, above-mentioned flocculation agent is made up of for two kinds PAC and PAM, and the consumption of the mud that produces with sewage work is a weight basis, and the consumption of flocculation agent PAC is 3%～5%, and the consumption of flocculation agent PAM is 0.01%～0.05%.The consumption of above-mentioned flocculation agent is a weight percentage, promptly the consumption of flocculation agent PAC be the mud that produces of sewage work consumption weight 3%～5%, the consumption of flocculation agent PAM be the mud that produces of sewage work consumption weight 0.02%～0.05%.Add flocculation agent and consumption in the above-mentioned preferable range, the sludge dewatering treatment process is more convenient, and effect is better.
It is to put into crushing mill after raw material is prepared burden in proportion to make and mix that homogenizing described in the above-mentioned steps a, ageing are handled, and then stacks ageing 5～7 days.Make in the mixture each raw materials mix more even through ageing, the water ratio of mixture is reduced, the water ratio of described mixture is 18%～22%.
Through being passed through forcing machine earlier, extrudes mixture among the above-mentioned steps b; Be in order to improve the degree of compactness of product, thereby improve the strength property of haydite, make mixture extrude processing through forcing machine earlier after; The material grain degree of compactness that obtains after the granulation is higher; Thereby can improve the strength property of haydite, and the raising of degree of compactness, can make haydite higher to the ability to cure of heavy metal in the mud.Above-mentioned described forcing machine is the conventional equipment of this area.
Secondary granulation is adopted in granulation described in the above-mentioned steps b, adopts the pair roller granulation 2～5 minutes for the first time, adopts granulation cylinder granulation 4～5 minutes for the second time, and the material grain particle diameter after the granulation is 5～10mm.Above-mentioned pair roller granulation adopts twin rollers to carry out the pair roller granulation.Twin rollers is the conventional equipment of this area; Have a pair ofly to roller in the twin rollers, and a pair of size of extruding aperture φ to roller in the twin rollers is consistent, and extruding aperture φ is about 10mm; Adopt the grain type coefficient and the grating of the haydite that this twin rollers produces relatively poor; The granule content less than 15% of particle diameter below 10mm, the particle diameter of most haydite nearly all are 10～25mm, and wherein particle diameter is that the granule content of 15～25mm accounts for more than 50%.In order to solve the big problem with the grating difference of haydite grain type coefficient that existing pair roller comminution granulation produces, the present invention through in the reasonable distribution twin rollers to the aperture of roller, make in the twin rollers each to roller distribute difference big or small extrude the aperture, aperture φ is 8～12mm; Preferred, making an aperture φ that extrudes to roller in the twin rollers is 8mm, and another aperture φ that extrudes to roller is 12mm.Preferred as further, described material grain particle diameter is 6～8mm.
The temperature of the preheating described in the above-mentioned steps c is 350 ℃～450 ℃, and the time of preheating is 15～25 minutes.Preheating temperature and the time quality to haydite has bigger influence, and the preheating effect is for the raw material ball dehydration reaction is further aggravated, and decomposition of carbonate simultaneously and organic oxidation are for the later stage obtains excellent haydite final product quality and creates favorable conditions.
As preferably, the temperature that expands of the burning described in the above-mentioned steps c is 1150 ℃～1170 ℃, and burning the time of expanding is 10～20 minutes.Burning the process of expanding is the committed step of haydite moulding, makes material intragranular portion gas evolution through burning to expand, and forms pressure; Making base ball expansion molding is haydite, and at the above-mentioned preferred burning temperature and time that expands, the performance of raising haydite that can be further; Also reduced simultaneously and burnt the temperature that expands; Reduce energy consumption, both improved performance of products, reduced production energy consumption again.
In sum, the present invention has the following advantages:
1. high performance ceramsite of the present invention has tap density at 700～900kg/m
3, cylindrical compress strength at 5.0～9.0MPa and water-intake rate in 3.0%～6.0% performance perameter; Can reach the technical requirements of high performance ceramsite fully; And the density of the haydite that obtains is good, makes haydite obtain significant raising to the ability to cure of heavy metal in the mud.
2. it is raw material that high performance ceramsite of the present invention adopts mud, mud and shale; Can be a large amount of utilize mud and mud; Resource is used more effectively, has reduced, make resource obtain comprehensive utilization because of the pollution of the factors such as stacking of mud and mud to environment.
3. the preparation method of a kind of high performance ceramsite of the present invention, it is simple to have a technical process, the characteristics that investment cost is low, and utilize this method to combine used raw material, and having reduced production energy consumption, the product performance of firing are good.
Embodiment
Through specific embodiment, further bright specifically below to technical scheme work of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiment.
The mud of being selected for use in following examples is the shale material of geographic mud of Taizhou, Zhejiang Province city Jiangjiang and Taizhou Prefecture, Zhejiang Province.
Following table 1 is the weight percent (%) that embodiment 1-9 is used to prepare each raw material of high performance ceramsite:
Table 1:
Embodiment 1
Shale is finely ground to shale powder; Choose mud, dewatered sludge and shale according to the weight percent of each raw material among above-mentioned table 1 embodiment 1 again, put into then and mix the homogenizing processing in the wheel roller, mixing the homogenizing treatment time is 10 minutes; After making each mixing of materials evenly; The normal temperature held is stacked ageing 5 days, carries out partly dehydrating, obtains mixture;
After the process extrusion machine is extruded earlier with the above-mentioned mixture that obtains, carry out granulation again, form the material grain; After extruding through extrusion machine earlier, carry out granulation again, the material grain degree of compactness that obtains is higher; Secondary granulation is adopted in described granulation; For the first time adopted the pair roller granulation 5 minutes, adopt granulation cylinder granulation 4 minutes for the second time, the particle diameter of the material grain behind the process secondary granulation is 5～10mm; Above-mentioned employing twin rollers carries out the pair roller granulation, and a pair of the extrude aperture to roller of adjustment in the twin rollers, makes in the twin rollers each to the distribute aperture of extruding of different sizes of roller, and aperture φ is 8～12mm;
Material grain after the above-mentioned granulation is put into bitubular rotary kiln carry out preheating; The temperature of preheating is 300 ℃, and be 30 minutes warm up time, burns bloated after the preheating; Burning the temperature that expands is 1200 ℃; Burning the time of expanding is 15 minutes, cools the temperature to 85 ℃ after burning expands and finishes and carries out processing under cooling 10 minutes, promptly obtains the high performance ceramsite finished product.
Embodiment 2
Shale is finely ground to shale powder; Choose mud, dewatered sludge and shale according to the weight percent of each raw material among above-mentioned table 1 embodiment 2 again, put into then and mix the homogenizing processing in the wheel roller, mixing the homogenizing treatment time is 15 minutes; After making each mixing of materials evenly; The normal temperature held is stacked ageing 7 days, carries out partly dehydrating, obtains mixture;
After the process extrusion machine is extruded earlier with the above-mentioned mixture that obtains, carry out granulation again, form the material grain; After extruding through extrusion machine earlier, carry out granulation again, the material grain degree of compactness that obtains is higher; Secondary granulation is adopted in described granulation; For the first time adopted the pair roller granulation 5 minutes, adopt granulation cylinder granulation 4 minutes for the second time, the particle diameter of the material grain behind the process secondary granulation is 5～10mm; Above-mentioned employing twin rollers carries out the pair roller granulation, and a pair of aperture of extruding to roller in the adjustment twin rollers, and making an aperture φ that extrudes to roller in the twin rollers is 8mm, and another aperture φ that extrudes to roller is 12mm;
Material grain after the above-mentioned granulation is put into bitubular rotary kiln carry out preheating; The temperature of preheating is 500 ℃, and be 30 minutes warm up time, burns bloated after the preheating; Burning the temperature that expands is 1075 ℃; Burning the time of expanding is 25 minutes, cools the temperature to 85 ℃ after burning expands and finishes and carries out processing under cooling 10 minutes, promptly obtains the high performance ceramsite finished product.
Embodiment 3
Shale is finely ground to shale powder; Choose mud, dewatered sludge and shale according to the weight percent of each raw material among above-mentioned table 1 embodiment 3 again, put into then and mix the homogenizing processing in the wheel roller, mixing the homogenizing treatment time is 15 minutes; After making each mixing of materials evenly; The normal temperature held is stacked ageing 7 days, carries out partly dehydrating, obtains mixture; The water ratio of mixture is 18%～22%;
With the above-mentioned water ratio that obtains is after 18%～22% mixture is extruded through extrusion machine earlier, to carry out granulation again, forms the material grain; After extruding through extrusion machine earlier, carry out granulation again, the material grain degree of compactness that obtains is higher; Secondary granulation is adopted in described granulation; For the first time adopted the pair roller granulation 5 minutes, adopt granulation cylinder granulation 4 minutes for the second time, the particle diameter of the material grain behind the process secondary granulation is 5～10mm; Above-mentioned employing twin rollers carries out the pair roller granulation, and a pair of aperture of extruding to roller in the adjustment twin rollers, and making an aperture φ that extrudes to roller in the twin rollers is 8mm, and another aperture φ that extrudes to roller is 12mm;
Material grain after the above-mentioned granulation is put into bitubular rotary kiln carry out preheating; The temperature of preheating is 400 ℃, and be 10 minutes warm up time, burns bloated after the preheating; Burning the temperature that expands is 1100 ℃; Burning the time of expanding is 30 minutes, cools the temperature to 85 ℃ after burning expands and finishes and carries out processing under cooling 15 minutes, promptly obtains the high performance ceramsite finished product.
Embodiment 4
Shale is finely ground to shale powder; Choose mud, dewatered sludge and shale according to the weight percent of each raw material among above-mentioned table 1 embodiment 4 again, put into then and mix the homogenizing processing in the wheel roller, mixing the homogenizing treatment time is 15 minutes; After making each mixing of materials evenly; The normal temperature held is stacked ageing 7 days, carries out partly dehydrating, obtains mixture; The water ratio of mixture is 18%; Above-mentioned dewatered sludge adopts following method to obtain: in the mud that sewage work produces, add flocculation agent and shale; After mixing, put into high-efficient diaphragm pressure filter filter-press dehydration, described flocculation agent is PAC; The consumption of the mud that produces with sewage work is a weight basis; The consumption of PAC is 3%～5%, obtains dewatered sludge through after the processed, and the water ratio of dewatered sludge is 66%;
With the above-mentioned water ratio that obtains is after 18% mixture is extruded through extrusion machine earlier, to carry out granulation again, forms the material grain; After extruding through extrusion machine earlier, carry out granulation again, the material grain degree of compactness that obtains is higher; Secondary granulation is adopted in described granulation; For the first time adopted the pair roller granulation 5 minutes, adopt granulation cylinder granulation 4 minutes for the second time, the particle diameter of the material grain behind the process secondary granulation is 5～10mm; Above-mentioned employing twin rollers carries out the pair roller granulation, and a pair of aperture of extruding to roller in the adjustment twin rollers, and making an aperture φ that extrudes to roller in the twin rollers is 8mm, and another aperture φ that extrudes to roller is 12mm;
Material grain after the above-mentioned granulation is put into bitubular rotary kiln carry out preheating; The temperature of preheating is 400 ℃, and be 20 minutes warm up time, burns bloated after the preheating; Burning the temperature that expands is 1150 ℃; Burning the time of expanding is 10 minutes, cools the temperature to 80 ℃ after burning expands and finishes and carries out processing under cooling 15 minutes, promptly obtains the high performance ceramsite finished product.
Embodiment 5
Shale is finely ground to shale powder; Choose mud, dewatered sludge and shale according to the weight percent of each raw material among above-mentioned table 1 embodiment 5 again, put into then and mix the homogenizing processing in the wheel roller, mixing the homogenizing treatment time is 10 minutes; After making each mixing of materials evenly; Partly dehydrating is carried out in normal temperature held ageing 5 days, obtains mixture; The Chemical Composition and the weight percent thereof of above-mentioned shale are following: SiO
2: 65%; Al
2O
3: 21%; Fe
2O
3: 5.0%; CaO:0.5%; MgO:1.5%; Loss on ignition: 5.0%; All the other are impurity.
After the process extrusion machine is extruded earlier with the above-mentioned mixture that obtains, carry out granulation again, form the material grain; After extruding through extrusion machine earlier, carry out granulation again, the material grain degree of compactness that obtains is higher; Secondary granulation is adopted in described granulation; For the first time adopted the pair roller granulation 5 minutes, adopt granulation cylinder granulation 4 minutes for the second time, the particle diameter of the material grain behind the process secondary granulation is 6～8mm; Above-mentioned employing twin rollers carries out the pair roller granulation, and a pair of aperture of extruding to roller in the adjustment twin rollers, and making an aperture φ that extrudes to roller in the twin rollers is 8mm, and another aperture φ that extrudes to roller is 12mm;
Material grain after the above-mentioned granulation is put into bitubular rotary kiln carry out preheating; The temperature of preheating is 300 ℃, and be 30 minutes warm up time, burns bloated after the preheating; Burning the temperature that expands is 1075 ℃; Burning the time of expanding is 25 minutes, cools the temperature to 85 ℃ after burning expands and finishes and carries out processing under cooling 10 minutes, promptly obtains the high performance ceramsite finished product.
Embodiment 6
Shale is finely ground to shale powder; Choose mud, dewatered sludge and shale according to the weight percent of each raw material among above-mentioned table 1 embodiment 6 again, put into then and mix the homogenizing processing in the wheel roller, mixing the homogenizing treatment time is 10 minutes; After making each mixing of materials evenly; Partly dehydrating is carried out in normal temperature held ageing 5 days, obtains mixture; The Chemical Composition and the weight percent thereof of above-mentioned dewatered sludge are following: SiO
2: 40%; Al
2O
3: 18%; Fe
2O
3: 4.0%; CaO:2.0%; MgO:4.0%; Loss on ignition: 27%; All the other are impurity.
After the process extrusion machine is extruded earlier with the above-mentioned mixture that obtains, carry out granulation again, form the material grain; After extruding through extrusion machine earlier, carry out granulation again, the material grain degree of compactness that obtains is higher; Secondary granulation is adopted in described granulation; For the first time adopted the pair roller granulation 5 minutes, adopt granulation cylinder granulation 4 minutes for the second time, the particle diameter of the material grain behind the process secondary granulation is 6～8mm; Above-mentioned employing twin rollers carries out the pair roller granulation, and a pair of aperture of extruding to roller in the adjustment twin rollers, and making an aperture φ that extrudes to roller in the twin rollers is 8mm, and another aperture φ that extrudes to roller is 12mm;
Material grain after the above-mentioned granulation is put into bitubular rotary kiln carry out preheating; The temperature of preheating is 400 ℃, and be 20 minutes warm up time, burns bloated after the preheating; Burning the temperature that expands is 1150 ℃; Burning the time of expanding is 20 minutes, cools the temperature to 85 ℃ after burning expands and finishes and carries out processing under cooling 10 minutes, promptly obtains the high performance ceramsite finished product.
Embodiment 7
Shale is finely ground to shale powder; Choose mud, dewatered sludge and shale according to the weight percent of each raw material among above-mentioned table 1 embodiment 7 again, put into then and mix the homogenizing processing in the wheel roller, mixing the homogenizing treatment time is 10 minutes; After making each mixing of materials evenly; Partly dehydrating is carried out in normal temperature held ageing 5 days, obtains mixture; The water ratio of above-mentioned mud is 15%, and the Chemical Composition and the weight percent thereof of above-mentioned shale are following: SiO
2: 70%; Al
2O
3: 18%; Fe
2O
3: 5.0%; CaO:0.1%; MgO:1.5%; Loss on ignition: 4.0%; All the other are impurity.
Above-mentioned dewatered sludge adopts following method to obtain: in the mud that sewage work produces, add flocculation agent and shale; After mixing, put into high-efficient diaphragm pressure filter filter-press dehydration, described flocculation agent is PAM; The consumption of the mud that produces with sewage work is a weight basis; The PAM consumption is 0.02%～0.05%, obtains dewatered sludge through after the processed, and the water ratio of dewatered sludge is 60%; The Chemical Composition and the weight percent thereof of above-mentioned dewatered sludge are following: SiO
2: 45%; Al
2O
3: 13%; Fe
2O
3: 5.0%; CaO:2.0%; MgO:3.0%; Loss on ignition: 29%; All the other are impurity.
After the process extrusion machine is extruded earlier with the above-mentioned mixture that obtains, carry out granulation again, form the material grain; After extruding through extrusion machine earlier, carry out granulation again, the material grain degree of compactness that obtains is higher; Secondary granulation is adopted in described granulation; For the first time adopted the pair roller granulation 5 minutes, adopt granulation cylinder granulation 4 minutes for the second time, the particle diameter of the material grain behind the process secondary granulation is 5～10mm; Above-mentioned employing twin rollers carries out the pair roller granulation, and a pair of aperture of extruding to roller in the adjustment twin rollers, and making an aperture φ that extrudes to roller in the twin rollers is 8mm, and another aperture φ that extrudes to roller is 12mm;
Material grain after the above-mentioned granulation is put into bitubular rotary kiln carry out preheating; The temperature of preheating is 400 ℃, and be 20 minutes warm up time, burns bloated after the preheating; Burning the temperature that expands is 1075 ℃; Burning the time of expanding is 30 minutes, cools the temperature to 85 ℃ after burning expands and finishes and carries out processing under cooling 10 minutes, promptly obtains the high performance ceramsite finished product.
Embodiment 8
Shale is finely ground to shale powder; Choose mud, dewatered sludge and shale according to the weight percent of each raw material among above-mentioned table 1 embodiment 8 again, put into then and mix the homogenizing processing in the wheel roller, mixing the homogenizing treatment time is 10 minutes; After making each mixing of materials evenly; Partly dehydrating is carried out in normal temperature held ageing 5 days, obtains mixture; The water ratio of above-mentioned mud is 14%, and the Chemical Composition and the weight percent thereof of described mud are following: SiO
2: 65%; Al
2O
3: 15%; Fe
2O
3: 4.0%; CaO:0.2%; MgO:2.0%; Loss on ignition: 7.0%; All the other are impurity.The Chemical Composition and the weight percent thereof of above-mentioned shale are following: SiO
2: 66%; Al
2O
3: 20%; Fe
2O
3: 5.5%; CaO:0.3%; MgO:2.0%; Loss on ignition: 3.0%; All the other are impurity;
Above-mentioned dewatered sludge adopts following method to obtain: in the mud that sewage work produces, add flocculation agent and shale, after mixing, put into high-efficient diaphragm pressure filter filter-press dehydration; Described flocculation agent is PAM and two kinds of compositions of PAC; The consumption of the mud that produces with sewage work is a weight basis, and the consumption of PAM is 0.02%, and the consumption of PAC is 4%; Obtain dewatered sludge through after the processed, the water ratio of dewatered sludge is 58%; The Chemical Composition and the weight percent thereof of above-mentioned dewatered sludge are following: SiO
2: 30%; Al
2O
3: 8.0%; Fe
2O
3: 4.0%; CaO:2.5%; MgO:1.5%; Loss on ignition: 50%; All the other are impurity.
After the process extrusion machine is extruded earlier with the above-mentioned mixture that obtains, carry out granulation again, form the material grain; After extruding through extrusion machine earlier, carry out granulation again, the material grain degree of compactness that obtains is higher; Secondary granulation is adopted in described granulation; For the first time adopted the pair roller granulation 5 minutes, adopt granulation cylinder granulation 4 minutes for the second time, the particle diameter of the material grain behind the process secondary granulation is 6～8mm; Above-mentioned employing twin rollers carries out the pair roller granulation, and a pair of aperture of extruding to roller in the adjustment twin rollers, and making an aperture φ that extrudes to roller in the twin rollers is 8mm, and another aperture φ that extrudes to roller is 12mm;
Material grain after the above-mentioned granulation is put into bitubular rotary kiln carry out preheating; The temperature of preheating is 450 ℃, and be 18 minutes warm up time, burns bloated after the preheating; Burning the temperature that expands is 1100 ℃; Burning the time of expanding is 15 minutes, cools the temperature to 85 ℃ after burning expands and finishes and carries out processing under cooling 10 minutes, promptly obtains the high performance ceramsite finished product.
Embodiment 9
Shale is finely ground to shale powder; Choose mud, dewatered sludge and shale according to the weight percent of each raw material among above-mentioned table 1 embodiment 9 again, put into then and mix the homogenizing processing in the wheel roller, mixing the homogenizing treatment time is 10 minutes; After making each mixing of materials evenly; Partly dehydrating is carried out in normal temperature held ageing 5 days, obtains mixture; The water ratio of above-mentioned mud is 12%; The Chemical Composition and the weight percent thereof of above-mentioned shale are following: SiO
2: 65%; Al
2O
3: 21%; Fe
2O
3: 5.3%; CaO:0.4%; MgO:1.8%; Loss on ignition: 3.5%; All the other are impurity.Above-mentioned dewatered sludge adopts following method to obtain: in the mud that sewage work produces, add flocculation agent and shale, after mixing, put into high-efficient diaphragm pressure filter filter-press dehydration; Described flocculation agent is made up of PAC and PAM; The consumption of the mud that produces with sewage work is a weight basis, and the consumption of PAC is 5%, and the consumption of PAM is 0.05%; Obtain dewatered sludge through after the processed, the water ratio of dewatered sludge is 53%; The Chemical Composition and the weight percent thereof of above-mentioned dewatered sludge are following: SiO
2: 40%; Al
2O
3: 10%; Fe
2O
3: 4.0%; CaO:2.5%; MgO:2.0%; Loss on ignition: 35%; All the other are impurity.
After the process extrusion machine is extruded earlier with the above-mentioned mixture that obtains, carry out granulation again, form the material grain; After extruding through extrusion machine earlier, carry out granulation again, the material grain degree of compactness that obtains is higher; Secondary granulation is adopted in described granulation; For the first time adopted the pair roller granulation 5 minutes, adopt granulation cylinder granulation 4 minutes for the second time, the particle diameter of the material grain behind the process secondary granulation is 6～8mm; Above-mentioned employing twin rollers carries out the pair roller granulation, and a pair of aperture of extruding to roller in the adjustment twin rollers, and making an aperture φ that extrudes to roller in the twin rollers is 8mm, and another aperture φ that extrudes to roller is 12mm;
Material grain after the above-mentioned granulation put into carry out preheating in the bitubular rotary kiln; The temperature of preheating is 400 ℃, and be 20 minutes warm up time, burns bloated after the preheating; Burning the temperature that expands is 1075 ℃; Burning the time of expanding is 30 minutes, cools the temperature to 85 ℃ after burning expands and finishes and carries out processing under cooling 10 minutes, promptly obtains the high performance ceramsite finished product.
Embodiment 10
The preparation method of the high performance ceramsite of present embodiment is consistent with method among the embodiment 5, and its difference is that the Chemical Composition of described shale and weight percent thereof are following: SiO
2: 68%; Al
2O
3: 19%; Fe
2O
3: 5.56%; CaO:0.3%; MgO:2.0%; Loss on ignition: 3.5%; All the other are impurity.Described preheating temperature is 400 ℃, and be 20 minutes warm up time, burns bloatedly after the preheating, and the temperature that burn to expand is 1100 ℃, and burning the time of expanding is 20 minutes.
Embodiment 11
The preparation method of the high performance ceramsite of present embodiment is consistent with method among the embodiment 5, and its difference is that the Chemical Composition of described shale and weight percent thereof are following: SiO
2: 67%; Al
2O
3: 20%; Fe
2O
3: 6.0%; CaO:0.1%; MgO:2.2%; Loss on ignition: 3.0%; All the other are impurity.Described preheating temperature is 480 ℃, and be 15 minutes warm up time, burns bloatedly after the preheating, and the temperature that burn to expand is 1150 ℃, and burning the time of expanding is 10 minutes.
Embodiment 12
The preparation method of the high performance ceramsite of present embodiment is consistent with method among the embodiment 5, and its difference is that the Chemical Composition of described shale and weight percent thereof are following: SiO
2: 67.3%; Al
2O
3: 19.3%; Fe
2O
3: 5.6%; CaO:0.3%; MgO:1.9%; Loss on ignition: 3.6%; All the other are impurity.Described preheating temperature is 380 ℃, and be 20 minutes warm up time, burns bloatedly after the preheating, and the temperature that burn to expand is 1170 ℃, and burning the time of expanding is 15 minutes.
Embodiment 13
The preparation method of the high performance ceramsite of present embodiment is consistent with method among the embodiment 6, and its difference is that the Chemical Composition of wherein said dewatered sludge and weight percent thereof are SiO
2: 43%; Al
2O
3: 15%; Fe
2O
3: 4.8%; CaO:2.2%; MgO:3.8%; Loss on ignition: 30%; All the other are impurity.The water ratio of described dewatered sludge is 50%, and described preheating temperature is 300 ℃, and be 30 minutes warm up time, burns bloatedly after the preheating, and the temperature that burn to expand is 1075 ℃, and burning the time of expanding is 30 minutes.
Embodiment 14
The preparation method of the high performance ceramsite of present embodiment is consistent with method among the embodiment 6, and its difference is that the Chemical Composition of wherein said dewatered sludge and weight percent thereof are SiO
2: 45%; Al
2O
3: 8.0%; Fe
2O
3: 6.0%; CaO:3.0%; MgO:1.5%; Loss on ignition: 35%; All the other are impurity.The water ratio of described dewatered sludge is 55%, and described preheating temperature is 500 ℃, and be 10 minutes warm up time, burns bloatedly after the preheating, and the temperature that burn to expand is 1100 ℃, and burning the time of expanding is 18 minutes.
Embodiment 15
The preparation method of the high performance ceramsite of present embodiment is consistent with method among the embodiment 6, and its difference is that the Chemical Composition of wherein said dewatered sludge and weight percent thereof are SiO
2: 40.5%; Al
2O
3: 17%; Fe
2O
3: 4.1%; CaO:2.4%; MgO:3.8%; Loss on ignition: 29%; All the other are impurity.The water ratio of described dewatered sludge is 60%, and described preheating temperature is 420 ℃, and be 15 minutes warm up time, burns bloatedly after the preheating, and the temperature that burn to expand is 1150 ℃, and burning the time of expanding is 20 minutes.
Embodiment 16
The preparation method of the high performance ceramsite of present embodiment is consistent with method among the embodiment 7, and its difference is that the water ratio of wherein said mud is 10%, and the Chemical Composition and the weight percent thereof of described shale are following: SiO
2: 67.3%; Al
2O
3: 19.4%; Fe
2O
3: 5.6%; CaO:0.3%; MgO:2.0%; Loss on ignition: 3.5%; All the other are impurity;
The Chemical Composition of described dewatered sludge and weight percent thereof are SiO
2: 40.5%; Al
2O
3: 16.8%; Fe
2O
3: 4.1%; CaO:2.3%; MgO:3.8%; Loss on ignition: 29%; All the other are impurity.The water ratio of described dewatered sludge is 60%;
Described preheating temperature is 400 ℃, and be 10 minutes warm up time, burns bloatedly after the preheating, and the temperature that burn to expand is 1150 ℃, and burning the time of expanding is 25 minutes.
Embodiment 17
The preparation method of the high performance ceramsite of present embodiment is consistent with method among the embodiment 7, and its difference is that the water ratio of wherein said mud is 12%, and the Chemical Composition and the weight percent thereof of described shale are following: SiO
2: 65%; Al
2O
3: 21%; Fe
2O
3: 6.0%; CaO:0.5%; MgO:2.2%; Loss on ignition: 3.0%; All the other are impurity;
The Chemical Composition of described dewatered sludge and weight percent thereof are SiO
2: 42%; Al
2O
3: 18%; Fe
2O
3: 6.0%; CaO:3.0%; MgO:2.5%; Loss on ignition: 26%; All the other are impurity.The water ratio of described dewatered sludge is 55%;
Described preheating temperature is 450 ℃, and be 5 minutes warm up time, burns bloatedly after the preheating, and the temperature that burn to expand is 1170 ℃, and burning the time of expanding is 20 minutes.
Embodiment 18
The preparation method of the high performance ceramsite of present embodiment is consistent with method among the embodiment 8, and its difference is that the water ratio of wherein said mud is 15%, and the Chemical Composition and the weight percent thereof of described mud are following: SiO
2: 65%; Al
2O
3: 20%; Fe
2O
3: 4.8%; CaO:0.3%; MgO:1.5%; Loss on ignition: 6.0%; All the other are impurity;
The Chemical Composition and the weight percent thereof of described shale are following: SiO
2: 67.3%; Al
2O
3: 19.4%; Fe
2O
3: 5.6%; CaO:0.3%; MgO:2.0%; Loss on ignition: 3.5%; All the other are impurity;
The water ratio of described dewatered sludge is 50%; The Chemical Composition of described dewatered sludge and weight percent thereof are SiO
2: 40%; Al
2O
3: 16.8%; Fe
2O
3: 4.2%; CaO:2.5%; MgO:3.8%; Loss on ignition: 29%; All the other are impurity;
Described preheating temperature is 400 ℃, and be 20 minutes warm up time, burns bloatedly after the preheating, and the temperature that burn to expand is 1150 ℃, and burning the time of expanding is 25 minutes.
Embodiment 19
The preparation method of the high performance ceramsite of present embodiment is consistent with method among the embodiment 8, and its difference is that the water ratio of wherein said mud is 15%, and the Chemical Composition and the weight percent thereof of described mud are following: SiO
2: 70%; Al
2O
3: 15%; Fe
2O
3: 3.0%; CaO:0.5%; MgO:2.5%; Loss on ignition: 5.0%; All the other are impurity;
The Chemical Composition and the weight percent thereof of described shale are following: SiO
2: 70%; Al
2O
3: 19%; Fe
2O
3: 6.0%; CaO:0.1%; MgO:1.5%; Loss on ignition: 3.0%; All the other are impurity;
The water ratio of described dewatered sludge is 50%; The Chemical Composition of described dewatered sludge and weight percent thereof are SiO
2: 35%; Al
2O
3: 15%; Fe
2O
3: 6.0%; CaO:2.0%; MgO:4.0%; Loss on ignition: 35%; All the other are impurity;
Described preheating temperature is 400 ℃, and be 20 minutes warm up time, burns bloatedly after the preheating, and the temperature that burn to expand is 1150 ℃, and burning the time of expanding is 25 minutes.
The high performance ceramsite finished product that obtains in the picked at random above-mentioned specific embodiment of the present invention carries out performance test as specimen, and concrete performance parameters is seen the content in the following table 2.
Table 2:
Performance perameter from above-mentioned table 2 can be found out; The haydite that utilizes the raw material of haydite of the present invention to fire can reach the requirement of high performance ceramsite fully in the performance aspect haydite particle diameter, tap density, cylindrical compress strength and the 1h water-intake rate; Performance even higher also can reach the performance (like haydites of book structure, lytag etc.) of the high performance ceramsite of other kind fully.
Specific embodiment described in the present invention only is that the present invention's spirit is illustrated.Person of ordinary skill in the field of the present invention can make various modifications or replenishes or adopt similar mode to substitute described specific embodiment, but can't depart from spirit of the present invention or surmount the defined scope of appended claims.
Although the present invention has been made detailed explanation and has quoted some specific embodiments as proof, to those skilled in the art, only otherwise leave that the spirit and scope of the present invention can be done various variations or correction is obvious.
Claims (10)
1. high performance ceramsite is characterized in that: this haydite comprises that the raw material that the weight percentage of following composition is formed processes:
Mud: 40%～60%; Mud: 10%～20%; Shale: 30%～40%; Described mud is dewatered sludge.
2. a kind of high performance ceramsite according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the Chemical Composition and the weight percent thereof of described shale are following:
SiO
2：65％～70％； Al
2O
3：18％～21％；
Fe
2O
3：5.0％～6.0％； CaO：0.1％～0.5％；
MgO:1.5%～2.2%; Loss on ignition: 3.0%～5.0%;
All the other are impurity.
3. a kind of high performance ceramsite according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the Chemical Composition and the weight percent thereof of described dewatered sludge are following:
SiO
2：30％～45％； Al
2O
3：8.0％～18％；
Fe
2O
3：4.0％～6.0％； CaO：2.0％～3.0％；
MgO:1.5%～4.0%; Loss on ignition: 25%～50%;
All the other are impurity.
4. a kind of high performance ceramsite according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the Chemical Composition and the weight percent thereof of described dewatered sludge are following:
SiO
2：40％～42％； Al
2O
3：15％～17％；
Fe
2O
3：4.1％～4.8％； CaO：2.2％～2.5％；
MgO:2.5%～3.8%; Loss on ignition: 26%～30%;
All the other are impurity.
5. according to any described a kind of high performance ceramsite among the claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: the water ratio of described mud is 10%～15%; The water ratio of described dewatered sludge is 50%～66%.
6. the preparation method of a high performance ceramsite, it is characterized in that: this method may further comprise the steps:
A, batch mixing: do according to weight percent; Mud is 40%～60%; Dewatered sludge is 10%～20%; Shale is after 30%～40% material rate is prepared burden, and carries out homogenizing, ageing is handled, and obtains mixture;
B, granulation: the mixture that above-mentioned steps a obtains is extruded through extrusion machine, carried out granulation again, form the material grain;
C, preheating, burning expand: the above-mentioned material grain that obtains is carried out preheating, and the temperature of preheating is 300 ℃～500 ℃, and the time of preheating is 10～30 minutes; Burn bloatedly after the preheating, the temperature that burn to expand is 1075 ℃～1200 ℃, and burning the time of expanding is 5～30 minutes, burns the postcooling that expands, the high performance ceramsite finished product.
7. the preparation method of a kind of high performance ceramsite according to claim 6; It is characterized in that: the dewatered sludge described in the step a adopts following method to obtain: in the mud that sewage work produces, add flocculation agent and shale; After mixing; Put into pressure filter again and carry out processed, obtaining haydite preparation, to use dewatered sludge, the water ratio of described dewatered sludge be 50%～66%.
8. according to the preparation method of claim 6 or 7 described a kind of high performance ceramsites; It is characterized in that: secondary granulation is adopted in the granulation described in the above-mentioned steps b; For the first time adopted the pair roller granulation 2～5 minutes; For the second time adopt granulation cylinder granulation 4～5 minutes, the material grain particle diameter after the granulation is 5～10mm.
9. according to the preparation method of claim 6 or 7 described a kind of high performance ceramsites, it is characterized in that: the temperature of the preheating described in the above-mentioned steps c is 350 ℃～450 ℃, and the time of preheating is 15～25 minutes.
10. according to the preparation method of claim 6 or 7 described a kind of high performance ceramsites, it is characterized in that: the bloated temperature of the burning described in the above-mentioned steps c is 1150 ℃～1170 ℃, and burning the time of expanding is 10～20 minutes.
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