CN102511676A - 一种可缓解肉牛热应激反应的饲料添加剂 - Google Patents
一种可缓解肉牛热应激反应的饲料添加剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种可缓解肉牛热应激反应的饲料添加剂，包括：以质量百分比计，40％-60％的脂肪酸钙，40％-60％的可溶性碳酸盐。本发明饲料添加剂能够有效缓解肉牛的热应激反应，提高夏季肉牛的产量和免疫力，明显增加养殖效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及肉牛饲料加工领域，具体地说，涉及一种可缓解肉牛热应激反应的饲料添加剂。
背景技术
热应激是指环境温度超过等热区的舒适温度所致的应激反应。目前，肉牛经过长期适应，遭受的热应激大都属于慢性热应激，热应激一般分为3个阶段：即紧急反应阶段、抵抗阶段和衰竭阶段。在这个过程中随着肉牛呼吸频率的增加，二氧化碳的呼出超过体内的形成速度，血中的二氧化碳分压下降，引起血液中的碳酸分解导致呼吸性碱中毒(RespiratoryAlkalosis)，血和尿的PH值升高，机体为了抵抗CO2的过度损失而增加向尿中分泌HCO3 -，导致血液PH值下降，最终发生代偿性代谢性酸中毒(Compensated Metabollic Acidosis)。
热应激会使肉牛的采食量下降，这是影响肉牛产量的一个重要因素。实验证明，当环境温度从25℃升到27℃时，肉牛的采食量降低，当环境温度升到30℃以上时，肉牛的采食量急剧下降，当环境温度达到40℃时，肉牛的采食量仅为适温时采食量的20％到40％。
热应激对肉牛体内水份、盐的代谢影响也很大。研究发现，高湿环境中肉牛血清中钾的含量极显著地低于春季和秋季；钠的含量显著地低于春秋两季(P＜0.05)，极显著地低于冬季(P＜0.01)；钙的含量显著下降，夏季肉牛血清中的钙含量比冬、春、秋季分别下降36.0％(P＜0.01)、26.2％(P＜0.01)和25.13％(P＜0.01)。
此外，热应激还会对肉牛的生产性能、生理功能以及血液中抗氧化性指标和外周血淋巴细胞凋亡率变化产生不良的影响。
近几年随着对动物营养学的深入研究，人们在奶牛饲料添加剂方面进行了大量研究。如公开号为CN1659976的中国发明专利，公开了一种奶牛高能生物饲料添加剂，它是由微生态制剂、复合酶制剂、脂肪酸钙三种成分的组合物，各组分的重量份数为：微生态制剂10～60份、复合酶制剂5～15份、脂肪酸钙200～350份。采用本发明使每头牛每天产奶量提高了2.5～3kg，乳脂率提高了11～15％，饲料利用率提高了15～18％，配种受胎率提高了20％，使产奶高峰期延长25～30天，解决了产后能量负平衡问题，使繁殖率、饲料转化率明显提高，并提高了奶牛抗应激能力和奶牛的免疫力。
公开号为CN101190003的中国发明专利，提供一种高效活性饲料添加剂产品，其组成包括活性枯草杆菌、活性酵母菌、活性植物乳杆菌菌、β-葡聚糖酶、木聚糖酶、纤维素酶和淀粉酶。该饲料添加剂可以改善反刍动物肠道的微生态平衡，提高饲料利用率，提高奶牛产奶量，提高牛奶的品质，提高奶牛肌体免疫力，减少肠道疾病，净化饲养环境。
上述饲料添加剂的缺点是其主要功效为提高奶牛的产奶品质和产奶量，并不适用于肉牛。
公开号为CN1618316的中国发明专利，公开了一种专用于缓解奶牛在夏季高温季节产生的热应激反应的缓解剂，该制剂包括：可作为饲料使用的有机铬(酵母铬或烟酸铬)、酵母培养物(啤酒酵母或米曲霉菌及其生长的基质)、烟酸、维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、亚硒酸钠(或酵母硒)、硫酸铜、硫酸锌、硫酸钴、碘酸钙、硫酸锰、氯化钾(或碳酸钾)、碳酸氢钠、氧化镁、抗氧化剂及载体。该缓解剂能有效缓解奶牛的热应激反应，提高奶牛的产奶量和机体免疫力，防止胎衣滞留和瘤胃酸中毒，减少乳腺炎，提高受胎率。其缺点是制备成本高。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明旨在提供一种可缓解肉牛热应激反应的饲料添加剂，包括：以质量百分比计，40％-60％的脂肪酸钙，40％-60％的可溶性碳酸盐。
上述可溶性碳酸盐为碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾中的一种或几种。
上脂肪酸钙的含量最好是45-55％。
上述可溶性碳酸盐的含量最好是45％-55％。
本发明饲料添加剂能够有效缓解肉牛的热应激反应，提高夏季肉牛的产量和免疫力，明显增加养殖效益。
具体实施方式
实施例1
分别称取原料脂肪酸钙40kg，碳酸钠30kg，碳酸氢钾30kg，混合均匀后，低湿保存。
实施例2
分别称取原料脂肪酸钙50kg，碳酸钾30g，碳酸氢钠20kg，混合均匀后，低湿保存。
实施例3
分别称取原料脂肪酸钙60kg，碳酸钠25kg，碳酸钾15kg，混合均匀后，低湿保存。
实施例4
分别称取原料脂肪酸钙55kg，碳酸钾10kg，碳酸氢钠10kg，碳酸氢钾10kg，碳酸钠15kg，混合均匀后，低湿保存。
实施例5
分别称取原料脂肪酸钙45kg，碳酸钾55kg，混合均匀后，低湿保存。
应用实施例
2011年7-8月在保定某肉牛养殖场进行试验。选择90头月龄相近、体型结构相似、体重400kg左右健康无病的西门塔尔杂交牛，随机分为六组，标记为I、II、III、IV、V、VI，每组15头，预饲期为10天，正式试验期为40天。按照400kg体重肉牛每天增重1kg的营养需要设计，取肉牛日粮精料(见表1)，第I--V组肉牛的日粮精料中按照质量百分比为3％的比例分别添加上述实施例1-5的饲料添加剂，第VI组不添加本发明所述的饲料添加剂。
采用拴系舍饲方式，日喂2次，饲喂时间为早上5:00和下午17:00，每次投料少量多添，每次投料时间不得少于半小时。喂料半小时后饮水。每天中午用冷水刷拭牛体1次，以便散热，且保持圈舍清洁卫生。
分别测定每一组肉牛的体重、采食量、日增重量，对其经济效益进行对比，结果见表2。
表1日粮组成及营养成分(干物质基础)
*注：浓缩料营养水平：增重净能5.5MJ/kg，粗蛋白≥32％，粗脂肪≥2％，粗纤维≤20％，粗灰分≤25％，钙2.5％-3.5％，总磷≥0.5％，食盐1.5％-4％，赖氨酸≥0.7％，VA 8000-14000IU/kg，VD33000-6000IU/kg，VE≥130IU/kg，钴0.6-2.8mg/kg，铜20-55mg/kg，铁80-600mg/kg，锰20-150mg/kg，硒0.3-0.9mg/kg，锌80-190mg/kg，碘1.2-5.5mg/kg。
表2肉牛经济效益分析
从表2所示的数据可以明显看出，第I-V组肉牛的养殖效益要明显好于第VI组。且饲料添加剂中脂肪酸钙的质量百分比含量最好是45-55％，可溶性碳酸盐的质量百分比含量最好是45％-55％。
Claims (4)
1.一种可缓解肉牛热应激反应的饲料添加剂，其特征在于，包括：以质量百分比计，40％-60％的脂肪酸钙，40％-60％的可溶性碳酸盐。
2.如权利要求1所述的饲料添加剂，其特征在于，所述可溶性碳酸盐为碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾中的一种或几种。
3.如权利要求1所述的饲料添加剂，其特征在于，以质量百分比计，所述脂肪酸钙的含量最好是45-55％。
4.如权利要求1所述的饲料添加剂，其特征在于，以质量百分比计，所述可溶性碳酸盐的含量最好是45％-55％。
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| CN106666123A (zh) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-05-17 | 天津好牛动物营养技术有限公司 | 一种提高奶牛产奶量及乳蛋白率的添加剂及其使用方法 |
| CN110663819A (zh) * | 2019-10-10 | 2020-01-10 | 山东省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | 一种缓解肉牛热应激的饲料添加剂及制备装置与方法 |
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