CN102506756B - Method for representing cross section appearance and dimensions of glass fibre or basalt fibre - Google Patents

Method for representing cross section appearance and dimensions of glass fibre or basalt fibre Download PDF

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CN102506756B
CN102506756B CN201110363743.1A CN201110363743A CN102506756B CN 102506756 B CN102506756 B CN 102506756B CN 201110363743 A CN201110363743 A CN 201110363743A CN 102506756 B CN102506756 B CN 102506756B
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sample
cross
fibre
glass fibre
fiber
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CN102506756A (en
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杨宗伦
刘伟廷
蒋朝军
刘娅菲
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Chongqing international composite Limited by Share Ltd
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Chongqing Polycomp International Corp
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for representing cross section appearance and dimensions of glass fibre or basalt fibre. The method comprises the following steps of: preparing a sample, representing cross section appearance and representing cross section dimensions. The steps of representing the cross section appearance and representing the cross section dimensions are processed by adopting a metallomicroscope. The method is characterized in that the preparing of a sample comprises the steps of sampling, sample dispersing, curing, grinding, cleaning and polishing. According to the invention, in order to adapt with requirements of observing the fibre by the metallomicroscope, a preparation process which is different from the process of observing the other substance samples is designed. Cross section dimensions of common glass fibre and foreign fibre can be measured and labelled when the cross section appearance of the glass fibre or basalt fibre is represented. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simple technology and low cost, and is suitable for widespread development of glass fibre or basalt fibre manufacturing enterprises or relevant departments.

Description

The characterizing method of a kind of glass fibre or basalt fibre cross-sectional morphology and size
Technical field
The invention belongs to glass fibre or basalt fibre sample detection technical field, particularly the characterizing method of a kind of glass fibre or basalt fibre cross-sectional morphology and size.
Background technology
The filament diameter of glass fibre or basalt fibre precursor is one of key index of controlling fibre property, and the size of filament diameter is one of factor affected the fiber property indices.In Fibre sorting, often according to the difference of fibre diameter, number and number of share of stock, fiber is carried out to class indication.
The xsect of simple glass fiber or basalt fibre is circular, and, for profile fibre, its xsect has the shapes such as ellipse, silk cocoon shape and hollow shape, and the control to profile fibre cross-sectional morphology and size in production run is very important.So, the sign of general fibre or profile fibre cross-sectional morphology and size is just seemed to very necessary.
At present, mainly containing transmission microscopy, projector method, scanning electron microscope detection method, capacitance method and transmission interferometric method for the means of glass fiber single filament diameter measurement detects online.
For transmission microscopy and projector method, key step is to have got on request sample before test, then sample is placed on clean microslide, by suitable method, fiber dispersion is opened, place it in again observed reading on transmission microscopy or projector objective table, finally will, the lattice number that every fibre diameter occupies is converted into the micron number of fiber.Adopt the method to measure the glass diameter, be the glass fibre length direction by microscopical transmitted light or projector imaging, can't be when measuring micro-diameter sign fiber cross section pattern; Due to the monofilament in fibrous bundle not at grade, have larger error by measuring its diameter after transmission or projection imaging.
Adopt scanning electron microscope both can be characterized the fiber cross section pattern, can be measured fiber cross sectional dimension again, be a kind of desirable checkout equipment simultaneously.But scanning electron Electronic Speculum expensive (a set of equipment needs 1,000,000 Renminbi left and right), maintenance cost is high, seldom this equipment of unit or enterprise configuration; Professional knowledge, technical ability to the operation and maintenance personnel of equipment are had relatively high expectations; Entrust submitted sample if adopt, its testing cost is higher again.
The online detection fibers diameter of capacitance method and transmission interferometric method.Transmission interferometry principle is: while utilizing the He-Ne Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation quartz fibre that wavelength is 0.6328 micron, penetrate after the quartz fibre right cylinder a part of light that is refracted to get on toward all directions; Another part light got on toward all directions with the reflection of quartz fibre periphery produces interference; The interference fringe of semicircular, the regular arrangement of stroke in the quartz fibre dead ahead, make the size of quartz fibre diameter from the interference fringe interval width.Adopt this two kinds of methods: the pick-up unit complexity, the equipment investment expense is high; Professional skill requirement to the technician is high, and general personnel are difficult for grasping; When can't both be characterized the fiber cross section pattern, fibre diameter was measured; And being mainly used in the fiber drawing workshop detects online.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve, prior art is expensive, complicated operation and be difficult to the problem that general fibre or profile fibre cross-sectional morphology is characterized, can be characterized the size of xsect again, the invention provides the characterizing method of a kind of glass fibre or basalt fibre cross-sectional morphology and size simultaneously.
The characterizing method of a kind of glass fibre or basalt fibre cross-sectional morphology and size, comprise the following steps: sample preparation, cross-sectional morphology characterize, cross sectional dimensions characterizes, described cross-sectional morphology characterizes and cross sectional dimensions characterizes and adopts metaloscope to carry out, and it is characterized in that described sample preparation comprises sampling, dispersed sample, curing, grinding, cleaning, polishing.
Described dispersed sample is soaked in acetone soln 12~48 hours for the raw tow that will take off from glass fibre or basalt fibre or is soaked in water 48~72 hours.
Described solidifying first is placed in 40 parts of epoxy resin in beaker, again 0.5-2 part promoter added in beaker and stir, finally add 0.5-2 part hardening agent and stir, after stirring, by the static 5~10min of hybrid resin, carry out following step: (1) adheres to double sticky tape on level table again, then is that 1~5mm, length are that 10~20mm transparent hose vertically adheres on double sticky tape by diameter; (2) with glue head dropper, hybrid resin is injected to transparent hose, meanwhile the fiber of length 10~20mm is applied to a small amount of resin with glue head dropper, after the hybrid resin hardening of fiber surface, vertically insert in transparent hose by fiber immediately; (3), by after the sample natural air drying after solidifying, the outer field transparent hose of hybrid resin is removed.
Carry out again regelate after described solidifying, described regelate first is placed in 40 parts of epoxy resin in beaker, again 1-4 part promoter added in beaker and stir, finally add 0.5-2 part hardening agent and stir, after stirring, static 5~10min after hybrid resin, then carry out following step: (1) adheres on level table with double sticky tape, then is that 10~20mm, length are that 10~20mmPVC pipe vertically adheres on adhesive tape by diameter; (2) with glue head dropper, hybrid resin is injected to transparent hose, meanwhile the sample after the one-step solidification natural air drying is inserted in hybrid resin; (3), by after the sample natural air drying after regelate, the outer field transparent PVC pipe of hybrid resin is removed.
Described being ground to passed through 200#, 400#, 600#, 800#, 1000#, 1200#, the hand lapping of 1400# silit abrasive paper for metallograph successively by the sample after overcuring is processed, often change a kind of sand model when grinding sample rotated to 90 degree in the same direction, and with the microscopic examination sample surfaces to determine the abrasive surface state.
Described polishing comprises the following steps: by the polishing flannelet water-soaked, pave on the polishing disk of tightening and be fixed on buffing machine, using granularity is that 5 μ m and 2.5 μ m adamass spraying brilliant polish and water are done lubricant, successively sample is carried out to the mechanical buffing processing on buffing machine, after throwing well, observe surface state under 100 power microscopes, confirm surperficial no marking.
Described etch comprises the following steps: polished sample was inserted in hydrofluoric acid solution to etch after 40~90 seconds, and water rinses sample, then uses the ethanolic solution washed samples, and last electricity consumption dries up.
The sign of described example cross section pattern comprises the following steps: the sample prepared is placed under optical metallographic microscope, utilize microscopical reflection source imaging, observe the conventional method operation according to metaloscope and sample, adopt the light field imaging mode to be observed sample, and utilize Metallurgical Image-analysis System Uses to the cross-sectional morphology of the fiber sample sign of being taken pictures.
Being characterized by when to after the fiber cross section morphology characterization of described example cross section size, utilize Metallurgical Image-analysis System Uses to be characterized general fibre or profile fibre cross-sectional morphology size.
The present invention, in order to adapt to the requirement of metallography microscope sem observation fiber, has designed the preparation process different from observing other material samples.By soaking dispersed sample, can make the precursor adhered to each other in the past spread out, this is conducive to and follow-up resin soaking in fiber, improves impregnability.Improving the benefit soak into is: fiber Yangjing follow-up ground with characterization in, due to resin, between fiber, fill fully, there is no gap between fiber, can effectively stop in grinding process abrasive material to enter in the fiber gap to cause and can not truly characterize the fiber cross section appearance and size; Also be conducive to the accuracy that fiber size characterizes, because, after the monofilament in raw tow scatter, when measuring filament diameter, can not cause overlapping interference simultaneously.By solidifying, make fiber more stablely to be observed more clearly, and can realize when characterizing glass fibre or basalt fibre cross-sectional morphology, the diameter of conventional glass fibre is measured and marked, particularly to measurement and the mark of profile fibre cross sectional dimensions, and can observe each monfil dimensional uniformity of raw tow.
The present invention carrys out etched samples by hydrofluorite, can make the xsect of sample more clear, is conducive to observe better.
The preparation technology of the present invention's sample to be characterized is simple, and simple, the required fund of equipment that drops into the sign sample is few, and method of operating is easily grasped; And the pattern that characterizes sample is clear, the size of the conventional fibre of measuring and profile fibre accurate.Be applicable to generally carry out in glass fibre or basalt fibre manufacturing enterprise or relevant unit.
The accompanying drawing explanation
The sign design sketch that Fig. 1 is the embodiment of the present invention 1 simple glass fiber cross section pattern and size;
Fig. 2 is the conforming sign design sketch of the embodiment of the present invention 2 special-shaped glass fiber precursor bundle filament diameter;
The sign design sketch that Fig. 3 is the embodiment of the present invention 3 special-shaped glass fiber cross section patterns and size;
The sign design sketch that Fig. 4 is the embodiment of the present invention 4 parabasalt fiber cross section patterns and size.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Get the simple glass fiber its cross-sectional morphology and glass fiber diameter are characterized, step is as follows:
1. sampling
Get fiber sample on simple glass fiber precursor bundle.
2. dispersed sample
Because the raw tow surface adhesion of taking off has immersion agent, before fiber is cured, it is carried out to dispersion treatment: during the raw tow taken off is soaked in to acetone soln, soak time is 20 hours.After soaking, the precursor adhered to each other in the past spreads out, and this is conducive to and follow-up resin soaking in fiber, improves impregnability.Improving the benefit soak into is: fiber Yangjing follow-up ground with characterization in, due to resin, between fiber, fill fully, there is no gap between fiber, can effectively stop in grinding process abrasive material to enter in the fiber gap to cause truly to characterize fiber cross section pattern cun; Also be conducive to the accuracy that fiber size characterizes, because, after the monofilament in raw tow scatter, when measuring filament diameter, can not cause overlapping interference simultaneously.
3. sample one-step solidification
The allocation ratio of one-step solidification hybrid resin is: epoxy resin: promoter: hardening agent=40: 1: 1.Extracting epoxy resin, in beaker, then adds promoter in proportion in beaker and stirs, and finally adds in proportion hardening agent and stirs.Static 10min after stirring complete hybrid resin, allow removal of bubbles in resin.Sample one-step solidification step:
The first step: adhere on level table with double sticky tape, then be that 3mm, length are that the 15mm transparent hose vertically adheres on adhesive tape by diameter;
Second step: by the resin injection transparent hose, meanwhile the fiber of length 15mm is applied to a small amount of resin with glue head dropper with glue head dropper, after the resin hardens with fiber surface, vertically insert in transparent hose by fiber immediately;
The 3rd step: by after the sample natural air drying after one-step solidification, with instrument, the outer field transparent hose of resin is removed.
4. sample regelate
The allocation ratio of regelate hybrid resin is: epoxy resin: promoter: hardening agent=40: 2: 1.Per sample the number, get a certain amount of resin in beaker, more in proportion promoter added in beaker and stir, finally add in proportion hardening agent and stir.Static 10min after stirring complete hybrid resin, allow removal of bubbles in resin.Sample regelate step:
The first step: adhere on level table with double sticky tape, then be that 15mm, length are that the 15mmPVC pipe vertically adheres on adhesive tape by diameter;
Second step: by the resin injection transparent hose, meanwhile the sample after the one-step solidification natural air drying is inserted in resin with glue head dropper;
The 3rd step: by after the sample natural air drying after regelate, with instrument, the outer field transparent PVC pipe of resin is removed and can be carried out following process.
5. sample grinds
Pass through successively 200#, 400#, 600#, 800#, 1000#, 1200#, the hand lapping of 1400# silit abrasive paper for metallograph for the sample after regelate is processed, often change a kind of sand model and sample will be rotated in the same direction to 90 degree (perpendicular to upper one sand grinding direction when grinding, cut is ground away), and with the microscopic examination sample surfaces to determine the abrasive surface state.
6. sample cleans
Ground sample is clamped with tweezers, put into cleaning fluid and clean after 60 seconds, then put into clear water and rinse.
7. sample polishing
By the polishing flannelet water-soaked, pave on the polishing disk of tightening and be fixed on buffing machine, using granularity is that 5 μ m and 2.5 μ m adamass spraying brilliant polish and water are done lubricant, successively sample is carried out to the mechanical buffing processing on buffing machine, after throwing well, observe surface state under 100 power microscopes, confirm surperficial no marking.
8. sample etch
Polished sample was inserted in hydrofluoric acid solution to etch after 60 seconds, and water rinses sample, then uses the ethanolic solution washed samples, and last electricity consumption dries up, and obtains xsect sample clearly.
(2) sign of example cross section pattern
The sample prepared is placed under optical metallographic microscope, utilize microscopical reflection source imaging, observe the conventional method operation according to metaloscope and sample, adopt the light field imaging mode to be observed sample, and utilize Metallurgical Image-analysis System Uses to the cross-sectional morphology of the fiber sample sign of being taken pictures.
(3) sign of example cross section size
After to the fiber cross section morphology characterization, utilize Metallurgical Image-analysis System Uses to be characterized the general fibre cross sectional dimensions, measure the diameter data of general fibre.
The sign effect of embodiment 1 is as accompanying drawing 1.
Embodiment 2
Get the special-shaped glass fiber its cross-sectional morphology is characterized, step is as follows:
1. sampling
Get fiber sample on special-shaped glass fiber precursor bundle.
2. dispersed sample
Because the raw tow surface adhesion of taking off has immersion agent, before fiber is cured, it is carried out to dispersion treatment: during the raw tow taken off is soaked in to acetone soln, soak time is 18 hours.
3. sample one-step solidification
The allocation ratio of one-step solidification hybrid resin is: epoxy resin: promoter: hardening agent=40: 1: 1.Get resin in beaker, more in proportion promoter added in beaker and stir, finally add in proportion hardening agent and stir.Static 8min after stirring complete hybrid resin, allow removal of bubbles in resin.Sample one-step solidification step:
The first step: adhere on level table with double sticky tape, then be that 4mm, length are that the transparent suction pipe of 13mm vertically adheres on adhesive tape by diameter;
Second step: by the resin injection transparent hose, meanwhile the fiber of length 12mm is applied to a small amount of resin with glue head dropper with glue head dropper, after the resin hardens with fiber surface, vertically insert in transparent hose by fiber immediately;
The 3rd step: by after the sample natural air drying after one-step solidification, with instrument, the outer field transparent hose of resin is removed.
4. sample grinds
Pass through successively 200#, 400#, 600#, 800#, 1000#, 1200#, the hand lapping of 1400# silit abrasive paper for metallograph for the sample after overcuring is processed, often change a kind of sand model and sample will be rotated in the same direction to 90 degree (perpendicular to upper one sand grinding direction when grinding, cut is ground away), and with the microscopic examination sample surfaces to determine the abrasive surface state.
5. sample cleans
Ground sample is clamped with tweezers, put into cleaning fluid and clean after 60 seconds, then put into clear water and rinse.
6. sample polishing
By the polishing flannelet water-soaked, pave on the polishing disk of tightening and be fixed on buffing machine, using granularity is that 5 μ m and 2.5 μ m adamass spraying brilliant polish and water are done lubricant, successively sample is carried out to the mechanical buffing processing on buffing machine, after throwing well, observe surface state under 100 power microscopes, confirm surperficial no marking.
7. sample etch
Polished sample was inserted in hydrofluoric acid solution to etch after 60 seconds, and water rinses sample, then uses the ethanolic solution washed samples, and last electricity consumption dries up, and obtains xsect sample clearly.
(2) sign of example cross section pattern
The sample prepared is placed under optical metallographic microscope, utilize microscopical reflection source imaging, observe the conventional method operation according to metaloscope and sample, adopt the light field imaging mode to be observed sample, and utilize Metallurgical Image-analysis System Uses to the cross-sectional morphology of the fiber sample sign of being taken pictures.
Can obviously find out the not of uniform size of glass fiber diameter from accompanying drawing 2, the glass diameter homogeneity is on duty mutually.
Embodiment 3
According to method and the step of embodiment 1, to get the special-shaped glass fiber size of its cross-sectional morphology and glass major axis and short-axis direction is characterized, it characterizes effect as accompanying drawing 3.
Embodiment 4
According to the method according to embodiment 1 and step, to get the parabasalt fiber its cross-sectional morphology and fibre diameter are characterized, it characterizes effect as accompanying drawing 4.

Claims (8)

1. the characterizing method of a glass fibre or basalt fibre cross-sectional morphology and size, comprise the following steps: sample preparation, cross-sectional morphology characterize, cross sectional dimensions characterizes, described cross-sectional morphology characterizes and cross sectional dimensions characterizes and adopts metaloscope to carry out, and it is characterized in that described sample preparation comprises sampling, dispersed sample, curing, grinding, cleaning, polishing;
Described solidifying first is placed in 40 parts of epoxy resin in beaker, again 0.5-2 part promoter added in beaker and stir, finally add 0.5-2 part hardening agent and stir, after stirring, by the static 5~10min of hybrid resin, carry out following step: (1) adheres to double sticky tape on level table again, then is that 1~5mm, length are that 10~20mm transparent hose vertically adheres on double sticky tape by diameter; (2) with glue head dropper, hybrid resin is injected to transparent hose, meanwhile the fiber of length 10~20mm is applied to a small amount of hybrid resin with glue head dropper, after the hybrid resin hardening of fiber surface, vertically insert in transparent hose by fiber immediately; (3), by after the sample natural air drying after solidifying, the outer field transparent hose of hybrid resin is removed.
2. the characterizing method of a kind of glass fibre according to claim 1 or basalt fibre cross-sectional morphology and size, is characterized in that described dispersed sample is soaked in acetone soln 12~48 hours for the raw tow that will take off from glass fibre or basalt fibre or is soaked in water 48~72 hours.
3. the characterizing method of a kind of glass fibre according to claim 1 or basalt fibre cross-sectional morphology and size, it is characterized in that carrying out again regelate after described solidifying, described regelate first is placed in 40 parts of epoxy resin in beaker, again 1-4 part promoter added in beaker and stir, finally add 0.5-2 part hardening agent and stir, after stirring, by the static 5~10min of hybrid resin, carry out following step: (1) adheres on level table with double sticky tape again, by diameter, be 10~20mm again, length is that 10~20mmPVC pipe vertically adheres on adhesive tape, (2) with glue head dropper, hybrid resin is injected to transparent hose, meanwhile the sample after the one-step solidification natural air drying is inserted in hybrid resin, (3), by after the sample natural air drying after regelate, the outer field transparent PVC pipe of hybrid resin is removed.
4. the characterizing method of a kind of glass fibre according to claim 1 or basalt fibre cross-sectional morphology and size, it is characterized in that described being ground to pass through 200#, 400#, 600#, 800#, 1000#, 1200#, the hand lapping of 1400# silit abrasive paper for metallograph successively by the sample after overcuring is processed, often change a kind of sand model when grinding sample rotated to 90 degree in the same direction, and with the microscopic examination sample surfaces to determine the abrasive surface state.
5. the characterizing method of a kind of glass fibre according to claim 1 or basalt fibre cross-sectional morphology and size, it is characterized in that described polishing comprises the following steps: by the polishing flannelet water-soaked, pave on the polishing disk of tightening and be fixed on buffing machine, using granularity is that 5 μ m and 2.5 μ m adamass spraying brilliant polish and water are done lubricant, successively sample is carried out to the mechanical buffing processing on buffing machine, after throwing well, observe surface state under 100 power microscopes, confirm surperficial no marking.
6. the characterizing method of a kind of glass fibre according to claim 1 or basalt fibre cross-sectional morphology and size, it is characterized in that carrying out etch after described polishing, described etch comprises the following steps: polished sample was inserted in hydrofluoric acid solution to etch after 40~90 seconds, water rinses sample, then use the ethanolic solution washed samples, last electricity consumption dries up.
7. the characterizing method of a kind of glass fibre according to claim 1 or basalt fibre cross-sectional morphology and size, the sign that it is characterized in that described example cross section pattern comprises the following steps: the sample prepared is placed under optical metallographic microscope, utilize microscopical reflection source imaging, observe the conventional method operation according to metaloscope and sample, adopt the light field imaging mode to be observed sample, and utilize Metallurgical Image-analysis System Uses to the cross-sectional morphology of the fiber sample sign of being taken pictures.
8. the characterizing method of a kind of glass fibre according to claim 1 or basalt fibre cross-sectional morphology and size, it is characterized in that being characterized by when to after the fiber cross section morphology characterization of described example cross section size, utilize Metallurgical Image-analysis System Uses to be characterized general fibre or profile fibre cross sectional dimensions.
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CN103033515B (en) * 2012-12-24 2015-02-25 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Identification method of basic extrusive rock-basalt
CN103630438B (en) * 2013-12-11 2015-07-29 齐鲁工业大学 Water is in the novelty teabag in leather sample metallographic sample preparation method polishing stage and using method
CN105043276A (en) * 2015-07-15 2015-11-11 浙江华电器材检测研究所 Layered thickness determination method of fiber composite mandrel
CN116718116B (en) * 2023-08-11 2023-11-14 烟台泰和新材高分子新材料研究院有限公司 Quick and accurate test method for high-performance fiber cross-section structure

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Address after: 400082 Dadukou District of Chongqing Bridge Industrial Park B District

Patentee after: Chongqing international composite Limited by Share Ltd

Address before: 400082 Dadukou District of Chongqing Bridge Industrial Park B District

Patentee before: Chongqing Polycomp International Corp.