Background technology
The too busy to get away molt metamorphosis that grows of insect; The moulting hormone of prothoracic gland secretion is being played the part of important role among this life course; These moulting hormones are generally 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-hydroxyecdysone, 20E) (Perera et al., 1999 among most of insects; Soin et al., 2009).(Ecdysone receptor, EcR) gene is at first identified out (Koelle et al., 1991) by the clone to the ecdysone receptor that coding 20E combines in fruit bat D.melanogaster.EcR combines to form heterodimer (heterodimer) function of competence exertion ecdysone receptor afterwards with ultra valve albumen USP (ultraspicacle); RXR among USP and the vertebrate (retinoid X receptor) is homologue (Perera et al., 1999; Kozlova and Thummel, 2000).The characteristic of EcR and USP also different to some extent (Beatty et al., 2009) among insect not of the same race.Functional EcR can the combining target gene promoter region specific dna sequence; The early stage response gene of a series of encoding transcription factors of activation-inducing (primary response gene) is like the expression of E74, E75 and Broad etc.; These early genes are further regulated growth courses (Cruz et al., 2006) such as secondary replies expression of gene and molt metamorphosis again.Therefore, EcR is for the insect important effect of having grown normally, below mainly make a brief overview with regard to the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function of EcR among the insect.
Independent EcR is the expression that can't regulate and control downstream gene, has only when EcR and USP formation heterodimer, under the effect of 20E, just can exercise the real function of its ecdysone receptor then.Since the gene order of EcR and USP after at first being identified among the fruit bat D.melanogaster, all found gene (Ogura et al., 2005 of this nuclear receptor family among the present increasing insect; Martin et al., 2006; Tan and Palli, 2008).Have now found that EcR among a plurality of tissues such as prothoracic gland, epidermis, fat-body and ovary and developmental stage expressed (Cruz et al. is arranged; 2006); Yet different EcR mainly expresses mainly expression in imaginal discs (imaginal discs) of EcRA with still difference to some extent of the expression of the Worker's Stadium among insect like EcRB1 in fruit bat D.melanogaster in the larva tissue; Find that among lepidopterous insects such as silkworm B.mori and maduca sexta M.sexta EcRB1 mainly expresses among larva; Yet find but that among coleoptera colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata the expression of EcRA among larva is than EcRB1 high a lot (Ogura et al., 2005).This explains that promptly the expression of the same the Worker's Stadium that among different order insects, accounts for the leading EcR that expresses is a difference to some extent.
Except the EcR difference with the Worker's Stadium expression difference, each is also had nothing in common with each other with the function of the Worker's Stadium.In fruit bat D.melanogaster, EcRA, EcRB1 and EcRB2 are stated the death that three gene simultaneous mutations can cause drosophila embryos, but to each gene respectively alone research find that EcRA mainly plays an important role to the adult structure differentiation formation with propupa; Sudden change to EcRB1 can cause and can't normally pupate; Simultaneous mutation to EcRB1 and EcRB2 then can cause stopping of most of larva early developments, and the larva that minority can be grown then can't be accomplished normally pupate (Cruz et al., 2006).In the past among other the non-pattern insect except that fruit bat, owing to lack effective genetic research instrument, the understanding of EcR gene function is stagnated always.After RNAi finds and is widely used in the insect genes functional study, the EcR gene functions of insects such as Groton bug B.germanica and red flour beetle T.castaneum (Cruz et al., 2006 have been carried out studying at present; Tan and Palli, 2008).The EcRA that discovers in Groton bug all has important effect (Cruz et al., 2006) among growth, prothoracic gland disintegration (prothoracic gland degeneration) and the chorion of its larva generate (normal choriogenesis).Research among red flour beetle shows, in the signal transduction of moulting hormone reaction, plays a part leadingly at EcRA among the development by metamorphosis from the larva to the pupa, and weak a lot (Tan and Palli, 2008) are then wanted in the effect of EcRB among this process.
Inhibitor is developed the control that is used for insect because the important function of EcR among insect growth is grown, many non-hormones are casted off a skin.These are mainly dibenzoyl hydrazine class (dibenzoylhydrazine; DBH) compound, that on market, sells at present comprises four big types: worm hydrazides (tebufenozide) RH-5992, methoxyfenozide (methoxyfenozide) RH-2485, ring worm hydrazides (chromafenozide) ANS-118 and chlorine worm hydrazides (Halofenozide) RH-0345.Important advantage of these insecticides is exactly environmentally safe close friend, but these insecticides are most of only to lepidopterous insects effective (comprising RH-5992, RH-2485 and ANS-118) at present, and few part also has effect (RH-0345) to coleopteron.This has limited the range of application of this insecticides greatly, the mechanism of growing based on the insect growth of EcR is furtherd investigate will help us to search out new cast off a skin inhibition insecticides (Nakagawa, 2005; Soin et al., 2009).
Summary of the invention
The shortcoming that primary and foremost purpose of the present invention is to overcome prior art provides a kind of inhibition insecticides of casting off a skin with not enough.
Another object of the present invention is to provide described casting off a skin to suppress the application of insecticides.
The object of the invention is realized through following technical proposals: a kind of type of casting off a skin suppresses insecticide, and main active is a double-stranded RNA, and the template of transcribing of this double-stranded RNA is at least a among NlEcR-A, NlEcR-B or the NlEcR-A/B;
The nucleotide sequence of the positive-sense strand of NlEcR-A (216bp) as follows:
5’-GCTAGTAAAGCGAGAACAGTTGGACGACACCACCCCGTTACGGGGGGGTTCCCCAAGGGGCAGCCCGACCCCCCAGGGGGGCCTGAGGGGCTCCTCGTGGCCCCCCTCGCCAAGGGACATGACTCCCTCCTATGGCGGGGGTGGCACTCCCCTAAATGGCTACCCTTCTCCCACCATGTCATCGCAGCACAGCAACTATGACAGCTGCCTCAGTCC-3’;
The nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand of NlEcR-A (216bp) as follows:
5’-GGACTGAGGCAGCTGTCATAGTTGCTGTGCTGCGATGACATGGTGGGAGAAGGGTAGCCATTTAGGGGAGTGCCACCCCCGCCATAGGAGGGAGTCATGTCCCTTGGCGAGGGGGGCCACGAGGAGCCCCTCAGGCCCCCCTGGGGGGTCGGGCTGCCCCTTGGGGAACCCCCCCGTAACGGGGTGGTGTCGTCCAACTGTTCTCGCTTTACTAGC-3’;
The nucleotide sequence of the positive-sense strand of NlEcR-B (223bp) as follows:
5’-GAGGAGGTGGAGGAGTAGTGATGGGTCATCATCTGCATCAGGCCGGCCTGGCAATGCTGCAGCAGCGGATGATGATGAGTCAGCATGGATTTCATCAGCAGAGTCAGCATCAGGGTGGGCTGCATCATGGTGGGACTACAACACTGGTGCGAGCGGCGGTTGCACATGTTTCGAGCAATGTGTCGGATAGCGGATCTGTGTCAGGACGCGAAGACCTGTCACC-3’;
The nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand of NlEcR-B (223bp) as follows:
5’-GGTGACAGGTCTTCGCGTCCTGACACAGATCCGCTATCCGACACATTGCTCGAAACATGTGCAACCGCCGCTCGCACCAGTGTTGTAGTCCCACCATGATGCAGCCCACCCTGATGCTGACTCTGCTGATGAAATCCATGCTGACTCATCATCATCCGCTGCTGCAGCATTGCCAGGCCGGCCTGATGCAGATGATGACCCATCACTACTCCTCCACCTCCTC-3’;
The nucleotide sequence of the positive-sense strand of NlEcR-A/B (360bp) as follows:
5’-ACTTCCAGAACGAATTCGAGCACCCGAGCGAGGAGGACCTGAAGAGGATTGGATGTTTGAATCTACCCAGTCAGGTGGCCCAAGACCAGCAGGCGGAGAGCGACATGAGATTCCGTCACATAACAGAAATCACCATTTTGACAGTGCAGCTGATTGTCGAATTCGCCAAACGACTGCCCGGCTTCGACAAACTACTCAGAGAGGACCAGATTGTACTGCTCAAGGCATGTTCCAGCGAAGTGATGATGCTTCGCACGGCCAGAAAGTACGACGTGAACACAGACTCTATCCTGTTCGCCAACAACCAGCCCTACACGAGGGACTCCTACACGCTGGCGGGCATGGGTTATGTGGTGGAGG-3’;
The nucleotide sequence of the antisense strand of NlEcR-A/B (360bp) as follows:
5’-CCTCCACCACATAACCCATGCCCGCCAGCGTGTAGGAGTCCCTCGTGTAGGGCTGGTTGTTGGCGAACAGGATAGAGTCTGTGTTCACGTCGTACTTTCTGGCCGTGCGAAGCATCATCACTTCGCTGGAACATGCCTTGAGCAGTACAATCTGGTCCTCTCTGAGTAGTTTGTCGAAGCCGGGCAGTCGTTTGGCGAATTCGACAATCAGCTGCACTGTCAAAATGGTGATTTCTGTTATGTGACGGAATCTCATGTCGCTCTCCGCCTGCTGGTCTTGGGCCACCTGACTGGGTAGATTCAAACATCCAATCCTCTTCAGGTCCTCCTCGCTCGGGTGCTCGAATTCGTTCTGGAAGT-3’;
The described inhibition insecticide of casting off a skin is applied to prepare the medicine of preventing and treating brown planthopper.
The present invention has following advantage and effect with respect to prior art:
The main method of control brown planthopper has cultural control, chemical control and biological control at present.Because popularity rate is difficult to improve problems such as the resistance effect that brings with chemicals and environmental pollution, makes the brown planthopper preventing and controlling be difficult to obtain sustainable development.The present invention is through utilizing brown planthopper self the relevant important gene of growing, and screening obtains double-stranded RNA, and in order to the brown planthopper control, effect is remarkable.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
(1) chooses brown planthopper nymph (J.Chen et al. in each in the length of time; 2010.Feeding-based RNA interference of a trhalose phosphate synthase gene in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens.Insect Molecular Biology.19 (6): 777-786).
(2) extraction of total RNA: get 20 nymphs; Grind in the liquid nitrogen; Extract total RNA (J.Chen et al. with guanidine isothiocyanate method; 2010.Feeding-based RNA interference of a trhalose phosphate synthase gene in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens.Insect Molecular Biology.19 (6): 777-786).
(3) cDNA first chain is synthetic: according to the RACE of CLONTECH company kit (Clontech BD SMART
TMRACE cDNA Amplification Kit, Takara, Japan) specification carries out, and the total RNA of 10 μ g adds reactant liquor 20 μ l.42 ℃ of reaction 90min, 72 ℃ of 10min cessation reactions.Per 20 μ l reactant liquors are formed: 50mmol potassium chloride, 3mmol magnesium chloride, 10mmol Tris-HCl pH8.3,1mmol DTT, 5 μ mold NTP, 25 RNA of unit enzyme inhibitors, 8 AMV of unit revertases.
(4) following is that example is described the preparation process with the NlEcR-A specific fragment, the same NlEcR-A of preparation process of NlECR-B specific fragment and the common conservative fragments of NlEcR-A/B.
1. PCR reagent (TransTaq archaeal dna polymerase HiFi, Beijing Quanshijin Biotechnology Co., Ltd) and reaction condition:
At first in the PCR pipe, add following reagent:
The concrete steps of above-mentioned PCR are following:
With 94 ℃ of sex change 4min of above-mentioned mixed liquor, get into following circulation then: 94 ℃ of 30s, 65 ℃ of 30s, 72 ℃ of 30s carry out 35 circulations altogether, and last 72 ℃ are extended 10min.
Wherein, the sequence of the upstream primer EcR-AsF of amplification NlEcR-A specific fragment is: 5 '-GCTAGTAAAGCGAGAACAGTTGG-3 '; The sequence of downstream primer EcR-AsR is: 5 '-GGACTGAGGCAGCTGTCATAG-3 ';
The sequence of the upstream primer EcR-BsF of amplification NlEcR-B specific fragment is: 5 '-GAGGAGGTGGAGGAGTAGTGATG-3 '; The sequence of downstream primer EcR-BsR is: 5 '-GGTGACAGGTCTTCGCGTC-3 ';
The sequence of the upstream primer EcR-CF of the common conservative region of amplification NlEcR-A/B is: 5 '-ACTTCCAGAACGAATTCGAGC-3 '; The sequence of downstream primer EcR-CR is: 5 '-CCTCCACCACATAACCCATG-3 '.
2. amplified production purifying: utilize OMEGA purification kit purifying pcr amplified fragment.
3. intermediate carrier obtains: with purified product according to following coupled reaction system; Be cloned into pMD18-T carrier (TAKARA Company products); Transformed into escherichia coli DH5 α cell (Beijing Quanshijin Biotechnology Co., Ltd's product), containing ampicillin (100 mcg/ml) and 5-and smelling-the LB flat board of 4-chloro-3-indoles-β-D-galactoside (X-gal 0.2 mcg/ml) on incubated overnight.
The coupled reaction system:
4. the purifying of plasmid: the picking hickie, be inoculated in the LB liquid nutrient medium, collect bacterium liquid after 37 ℃ of shaking table incubated overnight, press the OMEGA kit and extract plasmid.
5. sequencing and homology retrieval:, obtain following sequence through the sequencing result analysis:
The nucleotide sequence of NlECR-A gene (long 216bp):
GCTAGTAAAGCGAGAACAGTTGGACGACACCACCCCGTTACGGGGGGGTTCCCCAAGGGGCAGCCCGACCCCCCAGGGGGGCCTGAGGGGCTCCTCGTGGCCCCCCTCGCCAAGGGACATGACTCCCTCCTATGGCGGGGGTGGCACTCCCCTAAATGGCTACCCTTCTCCCACCATGTCATCGCAGCACAGCAACTATGACAGCTGCCTCAGTCC;
The nucleotide sequence of NlECR-B gene (long 223bp):
GAGGAGGTGGAGGAGTAGTGATGGGTCATCATCTGCATCAGGCCGGCCTGGCAATGCTGCAGCAGCGGATGATGATGAGTCAGCATGGATTTCATCAGCAGAGTCAGCATCAGGGTGGGCTGCATCATGGTGGGACTACAACACTGGTGCGAGCGGCGGTTGCACATGTTTCGAGCAATGTGTCGGATAGCGGATCTGTGTCAGGACGCGAAGACCTGTCACC;
The nucleotide sequence of NlECR-A/B gene (long 360bp):
ACTTCCAGAACGAATTCGAGCACCCGAGCGAGGAGGACCTGAAGAGGATTGGATGTTTGAATCTACCCAGTCAGGTGGCCCAAGACCAGCAGGCGGAGAGCGACATGAGATTCCGTCACATAACAGAAATCACCATTTTGACAGTGCAGCTGATTGTCGAATTCGCCAAACGACTGCCCGGCTTCGACAAACTACTCAGAGAGGACCAGATTGTACTGCTCAAGGCATGTTCCAGCGAAGTGATGATGCTTCGCACGGCCAGAAAGTACGACGTGAACACAGACTCTATCCTGTTCGCCAACAACCAGCCCTACACGAGGGACTCCTACACGCTGGCGGGCATGGGTTATGTGGTGGAGG。
The plasmid called after pMDR-EcRAs that contains the NlECR-A gene; The plasmid that contains the NlECR-B gene, called after pMDT-EcRBs; The plasmid called after pMDT-EcRc that contains the NlECR-A/B gene.
Embodiment 2
(1) design has the Auele Specific Primer that T7 starts, and the dsRNA that carries out three sequence fragments is external synthetic, also designs the primer of green fluorescence protein gene simultaneously, as the conduct contrast.
NlEcR-As dsRNA amplimer:
EcR-AsF:5′-GCTAGTAAAGCGAGAACAGTTGG-3′;
EcR-AsR:5′-GGACTGAGGCAGCTGTCATAG-3′;
EcR-AsT7F:5′-TAATACGACTCACTATAGGGGCTAGTAAAGCGAGAACAGTTGG-3′;
EcR-AsT7R:5′-TAATACGACTCACTATAGGGGGACTGAGGCAGCTGTCATAG-3′;
NlEcR-Bs dsRNA amplimer:
EcR-BsF:5′-GAGGAGGTGGAGGAGTAGTGATG-3′;
EcR-BsR:5′-GGTGACAGGTCTTCGCGTC-3′;
EcR-BsT7F:5′-TAATACGACTCACTATAGGGGAGGAGGTGGAGGAGTAGTGATG-3′;
EcR-BsT7R:5′-TAATACGACTCACTATAGGGGGTGACAGGTCTTCGCGTC-3′;
NlEcR-c dsRNA amplimer:
EcR-cF:5′-ACTTCCAGAACGAATTCGAGC-3′;
EcR-cR:5′-CCTCCACCACATAACCCATG-3′;
EcR-cT7F:5′-TAATACGACTCACTATAGGGACTTCCAGAACGAATTCGAGC-3′;
EcR-cT7R:5′-TAATACGACTCACTATAGGGCCTCCACCACATAACCCATG-3′;
GFP dsRNA amplimer:
GFP-F:5′-GCACCATCTTCTTCAAGGACG-3′;
GFP-R:5′-ACTCCAGCAGGACCATGTGAT-3′;
GFP-T7F:5′-TAATACGACTCACTATAGGGGCACCATCTTCTTCAAGGACG-3′;
GFP-T7R:5′-TAATACGACTCACTATAGGGACTCCAGCAGGACCATGTGAT-3′。
(2) plasmid that the name that obtains with embodiment 1 respectively is called pMDT-EcRAs, pMDT-EcRBs and pMDT-EcRc is a template, uses step (1) designed primer to increase according to following reaction condition, obtains A fragment, B fragment and C fragment respectively.Through dsRNA synthetic agent box (T7RiboMAXTMExpress RNAi System, Promega, USA) method; Synthetic these three corresponding dsRNA of fragment; Called after dsEcRAs, dsEcRBs and dsEcRc are mixed in brown planthopper artificial feed (Fu et al. separately; 2001) in, brown planthopper is fed.Adopting dsRNA final concentration in artificial feed is 0.1 μ g/ μ l and two gradients of 0.5 μ g/ μ l, continued to feed 10 days, with the double-stranded RNA dsGFP of green fluorescent protein as contrast (the lucky right bio tech ltd in Shanghai, pEGFP-N1 plasmid).
The PCR reaction condition: 94 ℃ of sex change 4min get into following circulation then: 94 ℃ of 30s, and 50 ℃ of 30s, 72 ℃ of 30s carry out 35 circulations altogether, and last 72 ℃ are extended 10min.
(3) in the middle of the process of in step (2), mentioning of feeding; Add up the brown planthopper survival rate and the variation of observation phenotype of every day; No matter be under 0.1 μ g/ μ l or 0.5 μ g/ μ l concentration; The dsRNA of three fragments is to the appreciable impact of having grown of brown planthopper, and all there is significant difference (shown in Fig. 1~6) in its survival rate with control group, and brown planthopper Dysecdysis phenotype (as shown in Figure 7) occurs.Among Fig. 7, the Dysecdysis that is caused by dsEcRAs mainly concentrates on head and the back of brown planthopper, the Dysecdysis that is caused by dsEcRBs mainly concentrates on belly and the foot of brown planthopper, and the Dysecdysis phenotype that is caused by dsEcRc has then contained above having been mentioned.After choosing the dsEcRc that fed in addition; The female Dan Xiong of brachypterism type list that sprouted wings one day matches, after laying eggs 15 days, and the back algebraically that statistics hatches out; Compare with contrast; There is significance to reduce (as shown in Figure 8), explains, hindered normal development and the breeding of brown planthopper through the dsRNA of these three fragments that brown planthopper continued feed.
(4) the same step of method (2); In the middle of the feeding dsRNA process 2 days, 4 days, 8 days; Sampling in 10 days; The mRNA relative expression quantity that carries out brown planthopper ecdysone receptor gene through the method for quantitative fluorescent PCR changes, and no matter dsEcRAs and dsEcRc are under 0.1 μ g/ μ l and 0.5 μ g/ μ l concentration, and NlEcR gene mRNA expression amount is all significantly reduced (shown in Fig. 9~12).Presentation of results can effectively disturb the expression of target gene through the dsRNA of brown planthopper is continued feed dsEcRAs and dsEcRc fragment.
(5) on above functional analysis basis; We choose fragment three is that the conservative nucleotide sequence (long 360bp) of NlECR-A/B gene carries out the transgenic paddy rice structure; Obtain forward sequence (BamHI/SacI) and reverse sequence (HindIII/SalI) by having added corresponding restriction enzyme site primer amplification, amplimer is distinguished as follows:
Forward sequence upstream primer (BamHI): 5 '-CACTGGATCCACTTCCAGAACGAATTCGAGC-3 ';
Forward sequence downstream primer (SacI): 5 '-GACGAGCTCCCTCCACCACATAACCCATG-3 ';
Reverse sequence upstream primer (SalI): 5 '-GACGTCGACCCTCCACCACATAACCCATG-3 ';
Reverse sequence downstream primer (HindIII): 5 '-CACAAGCTTACTTCCAGAACGAATTCGAGC-3 '.
Earlier forward sequence and reverse sequence are connected to upward intron both sides of pSK-int carrier (Chinese plasmid vector strain cell pnca gene preservation center-Biovector Science Lab); Promptly form hairpin structure; Secondly cut the structure that obtains forward sequence+intron+reverse sequence through SacI and SalI enzyme; And be connected in pCanG-HA (Chinese plasmid vector strain cell pnca gene preservation center-Biovector Science Lab) the conversion carrier T-DNA district between SacI and SalI restriction enzyme site; This carrier is promotor with CaMV35S; With NPTII is selection markers, is transformed into rice varieties Japan fine (Inst. of Rice, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences) through Agrobacterium LBA4404 (Chinese plasmid vector strain cell pnca gene preservation center-Biovector Science Lab) subsequently, obtains to express the transgenic paddy rice of brown planthopper ecdysone receptor dsRNA with this; Observe and three indexs of fertility through survival rate statistics and phenotype, assess the effect of this transgenic paddy rice in the brown planthopper control.
The endonuclease reaction system:
The endonuclease reaction condition: 37 ℃, enzyme is cut and is spent the night.
The coupled reaction system:
The coupled reaction condition: 16 ℃, reaction is spent the night.
Choose 7 transgenic paddy rice strains system and experimentize, insert on every strain transgenic seedling 25 first age the brown planthopper nymph, continued to feed 11 days, statistics obtains survival rate and is about 90% (shown in figure 13), compares variant with non-transgenic Japan fine contrast; In the process of feeding, the brown planthopper Dysecdysis phenotype that causes death; Transgenic paddy rice to the brown planthopper adult that sprouted wings a day of feeding is carried out the female single male pairing of brachypterism type list, and after laying eggs 15 days, the back algebraically that statistics hatches is compared with contrast, and remarkable reduction (shown in Figure 14 and 15) is all arranged.Above result shows, through the dsEcRc transgenic paddy rice of feeding, can effectively control brown planthopper harm, for the brown planthopper control provides new research direction and thinking.
The foregoing description is a preferred implementation of the present invention; But embodiment of the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; Other any do not deviate from change, the modification done under spirit of the present invention and the principle, substitutes, combination, simplify; All should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.