CN102498885A - Plant half-naked planting method for improving purification efficiency of surface flow constructed wetlands substantially - Google Patents
Plant half-naked planting method for improving purification efficiency of surface flow constructed wetlands substantially Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a plant half-naked planting method for improving the purification efficiency of surface flow constructed wetlands substantially. According to the plant half-naked planting method, a wetland bank with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe is prepared; and the method also comprises the following steps of: 1) preparing a field, namely making the bottom of an implementation area to meet a seepage-proofing requirement, and preparing the field; 2) piling up a furrow, namely piling up mutually-parallel soil ridges along the direction of designed water flow in the smoothed implementation area, wherein the space between the soil ridges ranges from 0.3 to 1.0 meter, and the height of the tops of the soil ridges is 5 to 15 centimeters lower than a design water level; 3) selecting plants with shallow root systems as wetland plants; and (4) planting the wetland plants, namely planting the wetland plants side slopes on two sides of each soil ridge in a staggered mode, wherein the space among the wetland plants on the side slope on each side ranges from 0.6 to 2.0 meters. According to the plant half-naked planting method, the purification efficiency of the surface flow constructed wetlands can be improved substantially while various advantages of the conventional surface flow wetlands are reserved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that significantly improves surface current artificial wetland's purification efficiency; Particularly only change the planting patterns of wetland plant; Just can significantly improve the micropollutant water improvement method of surface current artificial wetland's purification efficiency, belong to water environment plant ecological recovery technique field.
Background technology
Drop into the today that increases day by day in environmental protection, the reality of the lasting deterioration of Drinking Water in China source water environment still exists, and this also will be the most important thing of environmental protection in the long duration from now on.As everyone knows; Current running water treatment process has the high processing ability to oxygen consumption organic, ammonia nitrogen etc.; But the micro-environmental hormone to below the ppb level is powerless; And research recently shows that the cumulative toxicity of these environmental hormones never is second to conventional pollutant, and the effective ways of removing these materials are that artificial swamp is handled.Under such background; China's artificial swamp popularizing area presents explosive growing trend; The one preferred technique that wherein surface current artificial wetland is low because of its initial investment, advantages such as operating cost is low, easy maintenance, strong shock resistance become processing big yield micropollutant water; Arise at the historic moment with ripple wetland, the similar many large surfaces person who lives in exile worker wetlands of Guangdong Baiyun Lake wetland of Zhejiang Jiaxing stone mortar; But the low disadvantage of surface current wetland technology treatment efficiency fails to be properly settled all the time, and becomes the restriction bottleneck that this technology further develops gradually.
In recent years, along with China's rapid development of economy, the contradiction of urban sprawl and soil shortage highlights gradually, and today of growing tension in the soil, the treatment efficiency that how to improve surface current artificial wetland's unit are becomes a thorny difficult problem of being badly in need of solution.In addition; The large surfaces stream wetland of many original construction, along with the increase gradually (the local design load that surpasses) of entry load, its effluent quality is hard to carry on; Therefore, seek a kind ofly invest low, instant effect, technical reform scheme easy and simple to handle has also become very urgent demand.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve provides a kind of half-naked kind of the method for planting that reveals of plant that significantly improves surface current artificial wetland's purification efficiency; This method is half-naked kind of the method for planting that reveals of wetland plant that belongs to special; So that when keeping all kinds of advantages of conventional surface stream wetland; Significantly improve surface current artificial wetland's purification efficiency; Break through surface current wetland technology treatment efficiency and lowly restrict bottleneck, this method can be particularly useful for existing surface current artificial wetland's low-cost technological transformation adaptable across the surface current wetland of all kinds of depth of waters.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention provides a kind of half-naked kind of the method for planting that reveals of plant that significantly improves surface current artificial wetland's purification efficiency, comprises the wetland limit bank that is provided with water inlet pipe and outlet pipe, and is further comprising the steps of:
1), levelling of the land:
In selected surface current artificial wetland's enforcement zone, make the regional bottom of this enforcements meet the antiseepage requirement earlier, carry out levelling of the land then, be 0.1～3% thereby make the regional integration gradient coefficient after smooth, and make the fluctuating drop be no more than 1/3 of design head; The enforcement zone after smooth;
2), furrow is piled up:
In said enforcement zone after smooth, pile up the rib that is parallel to each other along the water (flow) direction that is designed, the spacing of rib is 0.3～1.0m, the aspect ratio design water level at rib top is hanged down 5～15cm;
3), wetland plant is chosen:
Under water-fast wet prerequisite, select the shallow root system plant as wetland plant;
4), wetland plant plantation:
Plant side slope with wetland plant is staggered in the both sides of every rib; The spacing of the wetland plant on every side slope is 0.6～2.0m.
Plant the improvement of method for planting as the half-naked dew of plant that significantly improves surface current artificial wetland's purification efficiency of the present invention: it is soil or adsorptivity matrix that the rib step 2) is piled up material;
The cross section of rib is trapezoidal, slope coefficient (put sloping distance with the slope height ratio) be 0.2～2.
Plant further improvements in methods as the half-naked dew of plant that significantly improves surface current artificial wetland's purification efficiency of the present invention:
Wetland plant is for power is colored again, and the rib spacing is 0.4～0.6m; The spacing of the wetland plant on every side slope is 0.8～1.2m;
Wetland plant is a cyperus alternifolius, and the rib spacing is 0.3～0.5m; The spacing of the wetland plant on every side slope is 0.6～1.0m.
Wetland plant is for irritating willow, and the rib spacing is 0.9～1.0m; The spacing of the wetland plant on every side slope is 1.8～2.0m.
Plant further improvements in methods as the half-naked dew of plant that significantly improves surface current artificial wetland's purification efficiency of the present invention: the plantation of wetland plant is a unit with strain or clump in the step 4).
In the present invention particularly, piling up material like rib is paddy soil, and slope coefficient is 0.9～1.1; Piling up material like rib is loam, and slope coefficient gets 0.4～0.6; Piling up material like rib is sandy loam, and slope coefficient gets 0.2～0.4; Piling up material like rib is clay, and slope coefficient gets 1.8～2.0.Piling up material like rib is adsorptivity matrix, looks the plasticity of this adsorptivity matrix and decides, and slope coefficient is generally 0.2～2.
In the present invention, when choosing wetland plant, require under water-fast wet prerequisite, to select the shallow root system plant, require such plant to have lateral root, fibrous root, the flourishing characteristic of adventive root, these root systems of plant also should have water-wet behavior, no wax coating simultaneously.
In the present invention, pile up body and put sloping coefficient ensureing to improve as far as possible under the prerequisite of slope stability.
In the present invention, around artificial swamp, wetland limit bank will be set, the height of wetland limit bank must be higher than design head, and this is with the design of conventional artificial swamp.
Design of the present invention is:
Both improved the water and soil interface at double through piling up the waterflooding rib; Strengthened soil to effects such as the absorption of heavy metal, phosphorus and organic curing, in same functional areas, createed the different ecological niche of a plurality of height again, made biota abundant; Diversity increases, and strengthens the removal ability of surface-flow; Simultaneously, make full use of some wetland plant and have shallow root system, lateral root, fibrous root, the flourishing characteristic of adventive root; Take low ridge half way up the mountain plantation, the part root system of plant is extended in the water, form the natural nutrition film; Extract nutritive salt and pollutant in the water, to reach the purpose of efficient water purification.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
A. significantly improved the water and soil interface, strengthened soil effects such as heavy metal, phosphorus absorption and organic matter curing.
B. make full use of some wetland plant and have shallow root system; Lateral root, fibrous root, the flourishing characteristic of adventive root; Plant extends in the part root system in the ditch; Cane biofilm system in the surface current wetland is changed root system nutrition film system, in all kinds of advantages that keep conventional surface person who lives in exile worker wetland, significantly improved the purification efficiency of unit are.
C. in same functional areas, create the different ecological niche of a plurality of height, made biota abundant, increased the bio-diversity of microhabitat in the surface current wetland, thereby improved the impact resistance of whole system.
D. reduce the effect of limiting factor in the ecological factor, making originally can not be at the part plant suitable planting of artificial swamp plantation because of tolerance depth of water problem;
E. can be to some excessively fast passage, the plant of development is controlled in flakes, can prevent the space of other kinds is occupied the death that decays that causes because of mutual extrusion behind the excessive multiplication of efficiency prevention again;
F. the raceway groove in the middle of the rib is as the ecological protective screen, and darker because of water level, its plant can too not cover, and can be used as the good operation passage of final-period management, for follow-up plant harvesting facilitates.
G, convenience and extensive applicability with operation.
Description of drawings
Do further explain below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing specific embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 1 is surface current artificial wetland's partial plan layout of planting method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that surface current artificial wetland among Fig. 1 is along the part sectioned view of water (flow) direction.
Fig. 3 be planting method of the present invention the surface current artificial wetland along journey profile (dissect get for the interval between two ribs 3).
Fig. 4 is the surface current artificial wetland and the general surface person who lives in exile worker wetland plane comparison diagram of planting method of the present invention.
Among the above-mentioned figure: 1 is wetland plant, and 2 is the root system of wetland plant, and 3 is rib, and 4 is water (flow) direction; 5 are the design water surface, and 6 is argillic horizon, and 7 is sand stone layer, and 8 is geomembrane; 9 is the fine sand cushion, and 10 is gravel layer, and 11 is batholith, and 12 is the water and soil interface; 14 are the fluctuating drop, and 16 is water inlet pipe, and 17 is outlet pipe, and 18 is wetland limit bank.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1, a kind of half-naked kind of the method for planting that reveals of plant that significantly improves surface current artificial wetland's purification efficiency; The zone of building of selected plan is the bad alluvial flat zone of substrate; The present situation stratum is the argillic horizon 6 of 5～30cm from top to bottom in this zone; 90～100cm sand stone layer, 7,150～300cm gravel layer 10, bottom are the basement rock 11 of lamination rock; Carry out following steps successively:
1), levelling of the land:
Behind selected above-mentioned surface current artificial wetland's the enforcement zone, at first divest argillic horizon 6, set aside the earthwork (soil of promptly forming argillic horizon 6) of gained for use; Then carry out substrate excavation (in this embodiment, being that sand stone layer 7 is excavated), cutting depth 80cm, shop fine sand cushion 9 after the smooth substrate, the pavement thickness 5～10cm of fine sand cushion 9; The geomembrane 8 of applied thickness 5mm carries out the antiseepage processing on fine sand cushion 9 again; The earthwork of backfill sand stone layer then 7; The earthwork of the argillic horizon 6 of backfill 40～60% (volume ratio) again after suitably smooth; Thereby this enforcement zone is flushed with peripheral ground level; With this plow layer as this surface current artificial wetland, and the whole gradient coefficient of planning to build the zone after making backfill smooth is 1% (be difference in height and along the ratio between this zone length of water (flow) direction 4), and makes fluctuating drop 14 be no more than 1/3 of design head.Annotate: fluctuating drop 14 is meant the height value of the protuberance that is higher than integral planar or is lower than the depth value of the pit of integral planar.
Explain: suppose in some special enforcement zone; Just do not run into basement rock 11 if also do not dig 80cm, just do not needed down to have dug again, because basement rock 11 has good barrier properties; Therefore also need not to be provided with fine sand cushion 9 and geomembrane 8 here, directly backfill gets final product for corresponding cubic metre of earth.
2), furrow is piled up:
In the plow layer after smooth, pile up parallel many ribs 3 along design water (flow) direction 4,50cm at interval between the adjacent rib 3, rib 3 pile up the earthwork that material is remaining argillic horizon 6, masonry has been piled laggard pedestrian worker's slope trimming substantially.Thereby it is trapezoidal that rib 3 (promptly piling up body) cross section (see figure 2) is similar to, and bottom width is 10cm, top width 2cm, high 8cm, so slope coefficient (putting the ratio of sloping distance and slope height) is 2 because design head is 20cm, so its hole to bench edge distance to design water surface 5 be 12cm.
Design head, i.e. distance between the design water surface 5 shown in Fig. 3 and the water and soil interface 12.
3), wetland limit bank is set:
Around artificial swamp (promptly implementing the zone), wetland limit bank 18 to be set; The height of wetland limit bank 18 must be higher than design head; The both sides of bank are provided with water inlet pipe 16 and outlet pipe 17 (water inlet pipe 16 is arranged on the physical features eminence, and outlet pipe 17 is arranged on the physical features lower) respectively on the wetland limit; This is with the design of conventional artificial swamp.
Certainly, this step only needs before final " water filling debugging " step, to accomplish to get final product; Therefore the earliest can be in " levelling of the land " preceding completion of step 1).
4), wetland plant is chosen:
Select again the power flower as wetland plant.
5), wetland plant plantation:
The root dish of the well-developed wetland plant 1 of sprout (with power flower again is example, and 1 strain is more than every strain 3 buds) is planted on the side slope of rib 3, and planting system is a (see figure 1):
Above-mentioned power is again spent the staggered side slope in the both sides of every rib 3 of planting; The spacing of the flower of power again on every side slope is 1.0mm (that is, spacing 50cm kind is planted strain power flower again on same rib 3); Should the above-mentioned flower of power again of parallel corresponding plantation on all ribs 3.
It is dark excessively the root dish to be buried ground when power flower is transplanted again, therefore only half the root dish is imbedded fully fixing this power flower again in the side slope of rib 3, and second half root dish is exposed to the gap location of rib 3.
6), water filling debugging:
Water level management is very crucial between limber up period; In earlier stage water level should be lower than about the root dish 5cm of wetland plant 1 (to transplant the back preceding 15 days); Wetland plant 1 is vertically taken root, thereby to stablize fully fixedly wetland plant 1 of base portion, mid-term, (transplanting the back 16～30 days) added the root Pan Chu of high water level to wetland plant 1 gradually; Make wetland plant 1 walk crosswise root of hair; The root system 2 of wetland plant is distributed in the gap of adjacent 2 ribs 3, and the later stage (transplanting after 31 days) further increases water level to design head, just can get into running status.
In running, the harvesting mode of wetland plant 1 for example, when the average plant height of power flower generally surpasses 2m again, can be carried out conventional harvesting and handle with the existing harvesting mode that is used to administer the water plants of polluted-water.
Test 1, test (left side wetland among Fig. 4) according to embodiment 1 described method, intend the processing water body and select little pollution stream for use, adjustment wetland hydraulic load is 0.5t/m
2D, then the influent quality index is:
Total nitrogen is 2.34ppm, and total phosphorus is 0.05ppm, and ammonia nitrogen is: 0.15ppm;
Finally the effluent quality index is after the surface current artificial wetland of planting method of the present invention handles:
Total nitrogen is 1.17ppm, and total phosphorus is 0.033ppm, and ammonia nitrogen is: 0.05ppm.
Contrast experiment 1,
Set up an equidimension conventional surface person who lives in exile worker wetland (right side wetland among Fig. 4) and test, select for use little pollution stream in same streams to handle, the planting density of power flower is with embodiment 1 again, and the harvesting mode is equal to embodiment 1; Adjustment wetland hydraulic load is 0.5t/m
2D, then the influent quality index is:
Total nitrogen is 2.34ppm, and total phosphorus is 0.05ppm, and ammonia nitrogen is: 0.15ppm;
Finally the effluent quality index is after conventional surface person who lives in exile worker wetland is handled:
Total nitrogen is 1.59ppm, and total phosphorus is 0.046ppm, and ammonia nitrogen is: 0.09ppm.
Total nitrogen is 3.72ppm, and total phosphorus is 0.06ppm, and ammonia nitrogen is: 0.23ppm;
Finally the effluent quality index is after the surface current artificial wetland of planting method of the present invention handles:
Total nitrogen is 2.05ppm, and total phosphorus is 0.042ppm, and ammonia nitrogen is: 0.08ppm;
Contrast experiment 2,
Test according to contrast experiment's 1 described method, the wetland hydraulic load is made into experiment 2; The water quality index of initial water (promptly flow into artificial swamp before) is with experiment 2;
The water that finally flows out from traditional artificial swamp water quality index be:
Total nitrogen is 2.72ppm, and total phosphorus is 0.052ppm, and ammonia nitrogen is: 0.15ppm;
Total nitrogen is 17.9ppm, and total phosphorus is 0.76ppm, and ammonia nitrogen is: 6.50ppm;
Finally the effluent quality index is after the surface current artificial wetland of planting method of the present invention handles:
Total nitrogen is 6.98ppm, and total phosphorus is 0.35ppm, and ammonia nitrogen is: 0.91ppm.
Contrast experiment 3,
Test according to contrast experiment's 1 described method, will intend the processing water body and make into experiment 3; The wetland hydraulic load is with experiment 3, and the water quality index of initial water (promptly flow into artificial swamp before) is with experiment 3;
The water that finally flows out from traditional artificial swamp water quality index be:
Total nitrogen is 11.10ppm, and total phosphorus is 0.59ppm, and ammonia nitrogen is: 3.12ppm;
In sum, through the operational monitoring of a period of time, surface current artificial wetland of the present invention not only stable water outlet property is high; And multinomial contamination index handling rate all had significantly promote; Especially the nutritive salt of micropollutant water is removed very significantly, under the less situation of entry pollutional load, its nitrogen removal rate still can reach 40～65%; Total phosphorus reaches 25～55%; Than traditional handicraft (conventional surface stream wetland is merely about 30% the micropollutant water nitrogen removal rate of similar load, and total phosphorus is merely about 15%), this surface current artificial wetland disposal ability has had lifting at double.
At last, it is also to be noted that what more than enumerate only is several specific embodiments of the present invention.Obviously, the invention is not restricted to above embodiment, many distortion can also be arranged.All distortion that those of ordinary skill in the art can directly derive or associate from content disclosed by the invention all should be thought protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. significantly improve half-naked kind of the method for planting that reveals of plant of surface current artificial wetland's purification efficiency, comprise the wetland limit bank that is provided with water inlet pipe and outlet pipe, it is characterized in that further comprising the steps of:
1), levelling of the land:
In selected surface current artificial wetland's enforcement zone; Make said bottom of implementing the zone meet the antiseepage requirement earlier; Carry out levelling of the land then, be 0.1～3% thereby make the regional integration gradient coefficient after smooth, and make the fluctuating drop be no more than 1/3 of design head; The enforcement zone after smooth;
2), furrow is piled up:
In said enforcement zone after smooth, pile up the rib that is parallel to each other along the water (flow) direction that is designed, the spacing of rib is 0.3～1.0m, the aspect ratio design water level at rib top is hanged down 5～15cm;
3), wetland plant is chosen:
Under water-fast wet prerequisite, select the shallow root system plant as wetland plant;
4), wetland plant plantation:
Plant side slope with said wetland plant is staggered in the both sides of every rib; The spacing of the wetland plant on every side slope is 0.6～2.0m.
2. half-naked kind of the method for planting that reveals of plant that significantly improves surface current artificial wetland's purification efficiency according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is soil or adsorptivity matrix that the rib said step 2) is piled up material;
The cross section of said rib is trapezoidal, and slope coefficient is 0.2～2.
3. the half-naked kind method for planting that reveals of plant that significantly improves surface current artificial wetland's purification efficiency according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: said wetland plant is for power is colored again, and the rib spacing is 0.4～0.6m; The spacing of the wetland plant on every side slope is 0.8～1.2m.
4. half-naked kind of the method for planting that reveals of plant that significantly improves surface current artificial wetland's purification efficiency according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: said wetland plant is a cyperus alternifolius, the rib spacing is 0.3～0.5m; The spacing of the wetland plant on every side slope is 0.6～1.0m.
5. half-naked kind of the method for planting that reveals of plant that significantly improves surface current artificial wetland's purification efficiency according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: said wetland plant is for irritating willow, and the rib spacing is 0.9～1.0m; The spacing of the wetland plant on every side slope is 1.8～2.0m.
6. any one significantly improves half-naked kind of the method for planting that reveals of plant of surface current artificial wetland's purification efficiency according to claim 1～5, and it is characterized in that: the plantation of wetland plant is a unit with strain or clump in the said step 4).
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Cited By (3)
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| CN102888832A (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2013-01-23 | 金丹越 | Construction method of furrow-shaped slow flow ecological purification system |
| CN105906067A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-08-31 | 山东建筑大学 | High and low ridge type artificial wetland capable of being constructed in modular mode |
| CN110692450A (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-01-17 | 北京花乡花卉科技研究所有限公司 | Construction method of shade-tolerant plant community of nature-like ecological landscape in North China |
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| CN1557744A (en) * | 2004-02-02 | 2004-12-29 | 丁红心 | Method and apparatus for purifying and utilizing sewage for sustainable development type city |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102888832A (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2013-01-23 | 金丹越 | Construction method of furrow-shaped slow flow ecological purification system |
| CN105906067A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-08-31 | 山东建筑大学 | High and low ridge type artificial wetland capable of being constructed in modular mode |
| CN110692450A (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-01-17 | 北京花乡花卉科技研究所有限公司 | Construction method of shade-tolerant plant community of nature-like ecological landscape in North China |
| CN110692450B (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2022-03-25 | 北京花乡花卉科技研究所有限公司 | Construction method of shade-tolerant plant community of nature-like ecological landscape in North China |
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