CN102497001A - Electrical energy system and operation method thereof - Google Patents
Electrical energy system and operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102497001A CN102497001A CN2011103588793A CN201110358879A CN102497001A CN 102497001 A CN102497001 A CN 102497001A CN 2011103588793 A CN2011103588793 A CN 2011103588793A CN 201110358879 A CN201110358879 A CN 201110358879A CN 102497001 A CN102497001 A CN 102497001A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-energy complement electrical energy system and an operation method thereof. The electrical energy system comprises a first power generation subsystem, a second power generation subsystem, and an electrical energy sharing subsystem connected with the first and the second power generation subsystems and the external load of the electrical energy system, wherein, the first power generation subsystem comprises a renewable energy power generation subsystem; the second power generation subsystem comprises a fuel cell subsystem; the electrical energy sharing subsystem controls the first and the second power generation subsystems according to the running state information of the first and the second power generation subsystems and the feedback of the load, so as to satisfy the load electrical energy requirement and optimize system operation efficiency; and the second power generation subsystem serves as the supplement for the first power generation subsystem so as to compensate the electrical energy supply blind spot of the first power generation subsystem. According to the invention provided by the invention, the solar energy, the wind power energy and other renewable energies can be used by the power generation system in a complementary manner, and meanwhile, the fuel cell and the energy storage battery are served as compensation, thereby forming a clean energy power supply system which can continuously meet the requirement of the terminal electricity utilization load.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the clean energy resource application, the method that is specifically related to a kind of complex electric energy system that provides multiple forms of energy to complement each other and moves this electric energy system.
Background technology
The multiple technical scheme of utilizing renewable and clean energy resources such as solar energy, wind energy has been proposed in recent years; And it is bigger to consider that solar energy, wind energy etc. receive the influence of external factor such as weather condition, has proposed the regenerative resource composition complementary is provided the method for electric energy.The existing equipment great majority of providing multiple forms of energy to complement each other combine solar energy and wind energy, and adopt energy storage device to store excess energy more.Yet for satisfying the power supply under the natural conditions least favorable situation, energy storage device need leave big surplus when selecting, and causes equipment operating efficiency to reduce, and input cost has also increased.When particularly being embodied as lonely net system, sometimes even can not satisfy workload demand, promptly can not satisfy fully the user by the time load power consumption.
Need a kind of complex electric energy system that provides multiple forms of energy to complement each other, it is low to overcome traditional electric energy equipment operating efficiency, and use cost is high, can not satisfy the user by the time workload demand problem.
Summary of the invention
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of electric energy system is provided, has comprised:
First power generation sub-system comprises the renewable energy power generation subsystem;
Second power generation sub-system comprises the fuel cell subsystem; And
The shared subsystem of electric energy; Be connected to first and second power generation sub-system, and be connected to the outside load of electric energy system, according to the health information of first and second power generation sub-system and the feedback of load; Control first and second power generation sub-system; To satisfy the electric energy loaded demand and the efficient that optimizes the system operation, wherein second power generation sub-system remedies the supply of electrical energy blind spot of first power generation sub-system as the replenishing of first power generation sub-system.
According to a further aspect of the invention, a kind of electric energy system operation method is provided, said electric energy system comprises: first power generation sub-system comprises the renewable energy power generation subsystem; Second power generation sub-system comprises the fuel cell subsystem; And the shared subsystem of electric energy, being connected to first and second power generation sub-system, and being connected to the outside load of electric energy system, said method comprises:
According to the health information of first and second power generation sub-system and the feedback of load; Control first and second power generation sub-system; To satisfy the electric energy loaded demand and the efficient that optimizes the system operation; Wherein with second power generation sub-system as the replenishing of first power generation sub-system, remedy the supply of electrical energy blind spot of first power generation sub-system.
According to illustrated embodiments of the invention, with the complementary use of renewable energy systems such as solar energy, wind energy, adopt fuel cell and energy-storage battery to remedy the blind spot of generating electricity by natural energy simultaneously, formation can be satisfied the electric power system of terminal power load demand continuously.The orphan that this system is suitable in remote districts nets power supply, and the size of energy resource system is suited measures to local conditions according to user's difference and is optimized design and distributes rationally according to local characteristics and user's request.In addition, adopt the fuel cell conduct as one of clean energy resource equipment to replenish TRT, generating efficiency is high, does not almost have pollutant emission, has guaranteed environment friendly.
Description of drawings
Through below in conjunction with description of drawings example embodiment of the present invention, will make above-mentioned and other purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage clearer, wherein:
Fig. 1 shows the schematic block diagram according to the electric energy system of the embodiment of the invention; And
Fig. 2 shows an example of Fig. 1 electric energy system.
Embodiment
Following with reference to accompanying drawing, example embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, the invention is not restricted to following example embodiment.For clear description basic thought of the present invention, only show in the accompanying drawing and the closely-related parts of technical scheme of the present invention, function or step, and omitted specific descriptions in the following description known technology, function, parts or step.
Consider that generating electricity by natural energy receives external factor such as weather to influence bigger; Can't satisfy the power load demand definitely; According to the embodiment of the invention; Proposed to adopt fuel cell and energy-storage battery to remedy the blind spot of generating electricity by natural energy, formation can be satisfied the electric power system of terminal power load demand continuously.This is particularly suitable for lonely net power supply.
Fig. 1 shows the schematic block diagram according to the electric energy system of the embodiment of the invention.This electric energy system 10 that provides multiple forms of energy to complement each other comprises first power generation sub-system 101, second power generation sub-system 102 and the shared subsystem 103 of electric energy.First power generation sub-system 101 comprises the renewable energy power generation subsystem, for example comprises at least a in solar energy, the wind energy etc.Second power generation sub-system 102 comprises the fuel cell subsystem.The scale of fuel cell is flexible configuration as required, preferably adopts small-sized fuel cell, and the operation start-stop and/or the load factor of fuel cell subsystem are controlled, and can improve the functional efficiency of fuel cell like this.The use of fuel cell can not receive the influence of external factor such as weather, can guarantee the reliable of energy supply blind spot of first power generation sub-system 101 replenished.In addition, fuel cell also belongs to clean energy resource equipment, does not almost have pollutant emission, has guaranteed environment friendly.The shared subsystem 103 of electric energy is connected to first and second power generation sub-system; And be connected to the outside load 104 of electric energy system 10; According to the health information of first and second power generation sub-system and the feedback of load 104; Control first and second power generation sub-system, to satisfy the electric energy loaded demand and the efficient that optimizes the system operation.First power generation sub-system 101 is as main energy supply source, and second power generation sub-system 102 is replenished as first power generation sub-system 101, remedies the supply of electrical energy blind spot of first power generation sub-system 101.For example; Comprise in first power generation sub-system 101 under the situation of solar power generation subsystem and wind power generation subsystem; The shared subsystem 103 of electric energy can be controlled; When fine day has wind, to supply with user's electric energy from first power generation sub-system 101, simultaneously according to the variation of user power utilization load with unnecessary electrical power storage in energy-storage battery; And when night or starting fluid battery when calm, with the parallelly connected switching of fuel cell or use simultaneously to supply power to the user with energy-storage battery.Through combining fuel cell and energy-storage battery, can be more flexibly, configuration-system equipment optimally, for example needn't select the excessive energy-storage battery of capacity, thereby can improve the allomeric function efficient of system.Utilize the control of the shared subsystem 103 of electric energy, can make the system works performance reach optimization, form wind-light-storage good situation complementary with the fuel cell electric energy according to the requirement of electricity consumption negative load.
The shared subsystem 103 of electric energy can comprise the Power Controller that is directed against the first and second sub-power generation sub-system respectively, to control the operation of the first and second sub-power generation sub-system respectively.In addition, the shared subsystem 103 of electric energy can comprise energy-storage battery, and under the control of corresponding Power Controller, storage is from the electric energy and release institute electric energy stored of first power generation sub-system.The shared subsystem 103 of electric energy can also comprise shared control unit, is connected with Power Controller receiving the health information of first and second power generation sub-system, and receives the feedback from load.Shared control unit is indicated the control of corresponding Power Controller adjustment to first and second power generation sub-system and energy-storage battery according to the health information and the feedback that receive.This shared control unit can be analyzed loading demand from overall angle; Be optimized computing to supplying power and discharging and recharging; According to supplying power neatly with the energy output of electric loading and regenerative resource, discharge and recharge and the start-stop of fuel cell system control, with satisfy the user by the time power load demand, and realize that running efficiency of system is the highest; Best performance, the optimization pattern that operating cost is minimum.In addition; This shared control unit is controlled each sub-systems via corresponding Power Controller; This overall situation control adds the pattern of local control; Promptly can realize overall best performance, can keep the independent operating of each sub-systems again basically, need the existing framework of each sub-systems be changed hardly.The electric energy system implementation that this has further facilitated according to the embodiment of the invention has reduced system cost.
Fig. 2 shows a detailed example of Fig. 1 electric energy system 10, and in this example, first power generation sub-system 101 comprises solar power generation subsystem and wind power generation subsystem.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that first power generation sub-system also can include only both one of, perhaps comprise other generating electricity by natural energy equipment or their combination in any.Natural, the weather condition in the area that can will use according to system distributed the framework of system rationally.
As shown in Figure 2, the example system 20 of this electric energy system comprises the shared subsystem 204 of solar power generation subsystem 201, wind power generation subsystem 202, fuel cell subsystem 203 and electric energy.The shared subsystem 204 of electric energy comprises to first, second and the 3rd Power Controller 205a-c of each sub-systems 201,202 and 203, to first, second and the 3rd inverter 206a-c, energy-storage battery 207 and shared control unit 208 of each sub-systems.The output of solar power generation subsystem 201 is connected to the first Power Controller 205a, and is connected to the first inverter 206a and energy-storage battery 207 via the first Power Controller 205a.The output of wind power generation subsystem 202 is connected to the second Power Controller 205b, and is connected to the second inverter 206b and energy-storage battery 207 via the second Power Controller 205b.The output of fuel cell subsystem 203 is connected to the 3rd Power Controller 205c, and is connected to the 3rd inverter 206c via the 3rd Power Controller 205c.First, second can be controlled the operation conditions of subsystem 201,202 and 203 respectively with the 3rd Power Controller 205a-c, collects corresponding health information.The first and second Power Controller 205a, b can also control discharging and recharging of energy-storage battery 207, and collect its energy storage condition information.First, second is connected to shared control unit 208 respectively with the 3rd Power Controller 205a-c, carries out two-way communication with it.Particularly; Power Controller 205a-c provides the health information of each sub-systems and energy-storage battery to shared control unit 208; Shared control unit 208 is indicated the control of corresponding Power Controller 205a-c adjustment to first and second power generation sub-system and energy-storage battery according to the health information that receives.First, second offers load with the output of the 3rd inverter 206a-c.Particularly, first, second with the 3rd inverter 206a-c respectively first, second with the control of the 3rd Power Controller 205a-c under will convert AC energy into from the direct current energy of corresponding subsystem, to offer AC load.Alternatively, be under the situation of DC load in load, can omit or walk around each inverter, will offer DC load from the direct current energy of each subsystem.In addition, the output of energy-storage battery also can offer DC load and perhaps offer AC load via the inverter of correspondence.In one embodiment, the output of the electric energy of solar power generation subsystem 201, wind power generation subsystem 202, fuel cell subsystem 203 can be parallelly connected, waits via the junction box to be linked in the shared subsystem 204 of electric energy.In addition, at system's output, the output of each electric energy can be parallelly connected, offers load 209 via distributing cabinet etc.Load 209 provides feedback to shared control unit 208, for example Voltage Feedback or current feedback, thereby shared control unit 208 can obtain by the time power load demand.Thus; Except considering the operation conditions of each sub-systems; Shared control unit 208 it is also conceivable that the feedback from load 209; Make that the electric energy system 20 of this example can overall analysis system operation conditions and load feedback, to power supply with discharge and recharge and be optimized computing, supply power, discharge and recharge start-stop control with fuel cell system or the like neatly.
According to an embodiment; Shared control unit 208 can adopt FUZZY ALGORITHMS FOR CONTROL; In conjunction with natural conditions, weather condition, locality/multiple factors such as power consumption, each sub-systems energy output, fuel cell capacity, energy-storage battery reserve of electricity when pursuing, adapt to ground configuration-system operation.
According to an embodiment, this electric energy system 20 can also comprise the user interface (not shown), is connected with shared controller 208.For example, the operator can through user interface input corresponding instruction or order, manually control according to multiple factors such as the weather condition of predicting, needs for electricity, adjusts the operation of each sub-systems and energy-storage battery.Like this, the operator can control the whole system that provides multiple forms of energy to complement each other through shared control unit 208 easily, and the further optimization system efficient of this artificial intervention.
According to another embodiment; First, second can be respectively be deployed in corresponding solar power generation subsystem 201, wind power generation subsystem 202, fuel cell subsystem 203 with the 3rd inverter 206a-c with the 3rd Power Controller 205a-c and to first, second of each sub-systems; Energy-storage battery 207 can correspondingly be deployed near solar power generation subsystem 201 and the wind power generation subsystem 202; And shared control unit 208 can be deployed in the control room; Carry out Long-distance Control, for example pass through radio communication etc.This has further facilitated operations of operators and system maintenance.
Face each subsystem and operation thereof down and carry out more detailed introduction; Wherein shared control unit 208 can be indicated the control of corresponding Power Controller 205a-c adjustment to each power generation sub-system and energy-storage battery, and promptly each Power Controller 205a-c all carries out the control to corresponding subsystem under the control of shared control unit 208.
Solar power generation subsystem 201 may also be referred to as the photovoltaic generation subsystem, comprises device of solar generating, for example comprises frame, rack-mounted solar energy silicon wafer plate and condenser.The electric current that produces can directly be supplied power to DC load through for example controlling electric energy switch, also can by the first Power Controller 205a unequally loaded be supplied power here and control through after the first inverter 206a conversion AC load being supplied power.The first Power Controller 205a confirms how to supply power and whether energy-storage battery 207 is charged under the control of shared control unit 208.For example, when no sunlight or sunlight situation were unfavorable, the first Power Controller 205a can be according to the indication from shared control unit 208, and subsystem 201 and whether discharge energy-storage battery 207 electric energy stored determines whether to stop transport.When sunlight conditions was very good, shared control unit 208 can pass through other subsystems of first Power Controller 205a stoppage in transit, and solar power generation subsystem 201 is run to maximum power, and can be to energy-storage battery 207 chargings when electric energy have residue.Solar power generation subsystem 201 can also comprise conventional equipments such as sun-tracking solar tracking system, automatic sun ability assembly dust pelletizing system.The scale of solar power generation subsystem 201 and structural arrangements thereof can wait according to weather, natural environment, the need for electricity of using the zone and design.
Wind power generation subsystem 202 comprises wind turbine generator.The modern wind generator adopts aerodynamic principle, and wind-force is blown over blade and formed leave dual sides pressure reduction and produce lift, makes wind wheel rotation and continuous crosscut distinguished and admirable.The wind wheel of wind-driven generator can not extract all power of wind.According to the Betz law, in theory the maximum power that can extract of wind-powered electricity generation machine be wind power 59.6%.Most of wind-powered electricity generation machines can only extract wind power 40% or still less.
Owing to the power of wind-driven generator is exported along with wind-force becomes, therefore need be in the output of high wind limit power, the method for modal two kinds of power-limitings output is stall-adjusted and bevel angle adjustment.In example embodiment of the present invention, can adopt bevel angle adjustment, every blade of this wind-powered electricity generation machine can be vertically to be that axle rotates, blade angle changes along with the wind speed difference, thereby changes the aerodynamic quality of wind wheel.When wind-force is crossed when strong, blade rotation is to meeting the gas edge surface to the wind comes from, thereby makes the wind wheel brake.Embedded lightning-arrest bar in the blade of this wind-powered electricity generation machine simultaneously, when blade is struck by lightning, can the electric current in the lightning have been gone down with guiding to.
The electric current that wind turbine generator is sent is transformed to direct current through AC-dc converter.The electric current that produces can directly be supplied power to DC load through for example controlling electric energy switch, also can by the second Power Controller 205b unequally loaded be supplied power here and control through after the second inverter 206b conversion AC load being supplied power.The second Power Controller 205b confirms how to supply power and whether energy-storage battery 207 is charged under the control of shared control unit 208.For example, when calm or wind-force was not good, the second Power Controller 205b can be according to the indication from shared control unit 208, and subsystem 202 and whether discharge energy-storage battery 207 electric energy stored determines whether to stop transport.When wind condition was very good, shared control unit 208 can pass through other subsystems of second Power Controller 205b stoppage in transit, and wind power generation subsystem 202 is run to maximum power, and can be to energy-storage battery 207 chargings when electric energy have residue.The scale of wind power generation subsystem 202 and structural arrangements thereof can wait according to weather, natural environment, the need for electricity of using the zone and design.
In the fuel cell subsystem, the hydrogen mixed air that fuel gas after treatment produces after reforming through reformer gets into the anode of pile, and air flows into the negative electrode of pile after pretreatment system is handled.The electric current that each battery cell generation electrochemical reaction produces in the pile compiles the back by the 3rd Power Controller 205c control of supplying power, and can directly supply power to DC load, also can after the 3rd inverter 206b changes, supply power to AC load.The start-stop of fuel cell and load factor are controlled at safe and highly efficient operation under the acting in conjunction of the 3rd Power Controller 205c and shared control unit 208, so that fuel cell is in that to satisfy under the prerequisite of burden requirement service behaviour optimum.
Fuel cell is a multivariable complication system.Real work at fuel cell is in service, and output all has significant impact to the fuel cell actual power for the temperature of each fluid, flow and humidity.In the system according to illustrated embodiments of the invention, fuel cell need link with other generating equipment (photovoltaic or wind-powered electricity generation) and load, and is optimum to guarantee systematic function.Can adopt a kind of adaptive fuzzy complex control algorithm to fuel cell, consider many dynamic characteristics of fuel cell, add and quantizing factor and scale factor are carried out online modification, thereby improve the static state and the dynamic characteristic of corresponding Power Controller from the integral divisor layer.Between operational factors such as the flow of fuel hydrogen that fuel cell is carried and oxidant air, temperature, humidity, cooling fluid temperature, can realize dynamically associating control, significant impact arranged improving fuel battery operation efficiency and stability.When fuel cell generation turns to output state by idling mode; Requirement also changes to the flow of fuel cell supplied fuel gas, air, cooling fluid; And to for example humidity, the dynamically control of temperature enforcement of other operational factors; Not only satisfy the requirement that fuel battery power output changes, and can reach the fuel efficiency of raising fuel cell generation self and the purpose of operation stability.
According to the embodiment of the invention; Shared control unit 208 can carry out overall situation control; Feasible for example solar power generation subsystem 201 generates electricity respectively when fine day has wind with wind power generation subsystem 202 and supplies with the user; Simultaneously according to the variation of user power utilization load with unnecessary electrical power storage in energy-storage battery 207, when night or can starting fluid battery subsystem 203 and/or energy-storage battery 207 when calm, both can parallel connection switch or use simultaneously to supply power to the user.According to an embodiment, can use fuel cell subsystem 203 and energy-storage battery 207 simultaneously, can utilize the battery of capacity appropriateness like this, and guarantee that energy-storage battery 207 is not is not excessively discharged and recharged.
According to the embodiment of the invention, this electric energy system is fit to be embodied as lonely net electric power system, and the size of energy resource system suits measures to local conditions according to user's difference and be optimized according to local characteristics and user's request to design and distribute rationally.
According to the embodiment of the invention, for above-mentioned electric energy system, can be according to following method operation:
According to the health information of each power generation sub-system and the feedback of load; Control each power generation sub-system; To satisfy the electric energy loaded demand and the efficient that optimizes the system operation; Wherein with the fuel cell subsystem as the replenishing of other generating electricity by natural energy subsystems, remedy the supply of electrical energy blind spot of generating electricity by natural energy subsystem.According to an embodiment after the electric energy of generating electricity by natural energy subsystem output satisfies power requirement remaining power storage in energy-storage battery.According to another embodiment, when the electric energy of generating electricity by natural energy subsystem output can not satisfy electric energy loaded demand, utilize the electric energy of electric energy stored in the energy-storage battery and/or the output of fuel cell subsystem to satisfy electric energy loaded demand as replenishing.
More than described the complex electric energy system that replenishes formation according to the multipotency source of the embodiment of the invention each other, each sub-systems can be according to the long benefit of different working or application conditions association be short separately, and the different periods of realization can both supply power continuously.Wherein, with solar energy and wind energy complementary, adopt fuel cell and energy-storage battery to remedy the blind spot of generating electricity by natural energy simultaneously, formation can be satisfied the electric power system of terminal power load demand continuously.
The above is an example embodiment of the present invention; Should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from principle according to the invention; Can also make some improvement and retouching, these improvement and retouching also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. electric energy system comprises:
First power generation sub-system comprises the renewable energy power generation subsystem;
Second power generation sub-system comprises the fuel cell subsystem; And
The shared subsystem of electric energy; Be connected to first and second power generation sub-system, and be connected to the outside load of electric energy system, according to the health information of first and second power generation sub-system and the feedback of load; Control first and second power generation sub-system; To satisfy the electric energy loaded demand and the efficient that optimizes the system operation, wherein second power generation sub-system remedies the supply of electrical energy blind spot of first power generation sub-system as the replenishing of first power generation sub-system.
2. system according to claim 1, wherein, first power generation sub-system comprises at least a in following:
The solar power generation subsystem; With
The wind power generation subsystem.
3. system according to claim 1, wherein, the shared subsystem of electric energy comprises:
First Power Controller is connected with first power generation sub-system, controls the operation of first power generation sub-system;
Second Power Controller is connected with second power generation sub-system, controls the operation of second power generation sub-system;
Energy-storage battery is connected with first power generation sub-system via first Power Controller, and storage is from the electric energy and release institute electric energy stored of first power generation sub-system under the control of first Power Controller; And
Shared control unit; Be connected with first and second Power Controllers; Reception is from the health information of first and second power generation sub-system of first and second Power Controllers, and receives the feedback from load, and shared control unit is according to the health information and the feedback that receive; Indicate the control of first Power Controller adjustment, and indicate the control of second Power Controller adjustment second power generation sub-system to first power generation sub-system and energy-storage battery.
4. system according to claim 3, wherein load comprises AC load,
The shared subsystem of electric energy also comprises:
First inverter is connected with first power generation sub-system via first Power Controller, and the direct current energy with the output of first power generation sub-system under the control of first Power Controller is converted into AC energy;
Second inverter is connected with second power generation sub-system via second Power Controller, and the direct current energy with the output of second power generation sub-system under the control of second Power Controller is converted into AC energy;
Wherein, first and second Power Controllers are controlled presenting from AC energy to the AC load of first and second inverters output respectively.
5. system according to claim 3, wherein load comprises DC load, first and second Power Controllers are controlled the presenting of direct current energy to DC load of first and second power generation sub-system output respectively.
6. system according to claim 3; Wherein when the electric energy of first power generation sub-system output can not satisfy electric energy loaded demand; Shared control unit indicates first and second Power Controllers to control, and satisfies electric energy loaded demand with the electric energy that utilizes the output of the electric energy stored in the energy-storage battery and/or second power generation sub-system as replenishing.
7. system according to claim 3, wherein the fuel cell subsystem is small-sized, second Power Controller is controlled the operation start-stop and/or the load factor of fuel cell subsystem, to optimize energy supply efficient.
8. system according to claim 1, wherein this electric energy system is fit to be embodied as lonely net system.
9. electric energy system operation method, said electric energy system comprises: first power generation sub-system comprises the renewable energy power generation subsystem; Second power generation sub-system comprises the fuel cell subsystem; And the shared subsystem of electric energy, being connected to first and second power generation sub-system, and being connected to the outside load of electric energy system, said method comprises:
According to the health information of first and second power generation sub-system and the feedback of load; Control first and second power generation sub-system; To satisfy the electric energy loaded demand and the efficient that optimizes the system operation; Wherein with second power generation sub-system as the replenishing of first power generation sub-system, remedy the supply of electrical energy blind spot of first power generation sub-system.
10. method according to claim 9 also comprises: remaining power storage is in energy-storage battery after the electric energy of first power generation sub-system output satisfies power requirement.
11. method according to claim 10; Wherein controlled step comprises: when the electric energy of first power generation sub-system output can not satisfy electric energy loaded demand, utilize the electric energy of electric energy stored in the energy-storage battery and/or the output of second power generation sub-system to satisfy electric energy loaded demand as replenishing.
12. method according to claim 10, wherein controlled step also comprises: operation start-stop and/or load factor to the fuel cell subsystem are controlled, to optimize energy supply efficient.
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Application publication date: 20120613 |