CN102489667A - Casting method for spheroidal graphite cast iron main bearing cap of gasoline engine and casting mould applying same - Google Patents
Casting method for spheroidal graphite cast iron main bearing cap of gasoline engine and casting mould applying same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a casting method for a spheroidal graphite cast iron main bearing cap of a gasoline engine and a casting mould applying the same. The casting method is a method using an all-in-one mould, a sand lined metal mould process shape and a riserless slow-flow pouring system. The metal mould of the casting mould is an all-in-one mould with one type and a plurality of groups which are arranged in at least two rows; horizontal runners are crosswise distributed in an approximately X-shape, and the whole runner presents a curve shape; and an inner gate is disposed on a lower template. In the casting method for a spheroidal graphite cast iron main bearing cap of a gasoline engine and a casting mould applying the same disclosed by the invention, a plurality of single pieces are combined into one group and integrally casted; curved surface parting and a unique design of riserless slow-flow pouring system are used; the placement of a filter screen is not needed; and as-cast production for the main bearing casting compact in structure, high in dimensional accuracy, high in spheroidization rate and capable of satisfying different material demands of spheroidal graphite cast iron gasoline engine can be realized by adequately utilizing the characteristics of graphitizing expansion and the rapid cooling of metal mould. The process is high in product yield and remarkable in economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the casting mould that main bearing of engine covers casting technique, the particularly casting method of spheroidal graphite cast-iron petrol engine main beating cap and uses this method.
Background technology
Main beating cap is the parts of having relatively high expectations on the automobile engine, and mostly international spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap casting method is that vertical-parting does not have the case extrusion moduling, adopts big riser feeding at present.This scheme product yield is low, and presentation quality is poor, and the nodularization rate is low.
Propose to adopt device for sand coated iron mould explained hereafter magnesium iron main bearing of engine lid in " application of device for sand coated iron mould technology in main beating cap " literary composition that people such as the Zhang Yan of Yangzhou Diesel Engine Co., Co., Ltd delivered on " casting engineering " second phase in 2009, this process program has following defective: 1, adopt cast in one piece.2, the spray of producing need be through Overheating Treatment, and production efficiency is low.
Given this, be necessary existing spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap casting method is is further researched and developed, to overcome above-mentioned shortcoming.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve existing spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap casting method product yield and the nodularization rate is low, production efficiency is low problem; And it is high and can as cast condition produce the casting method of dense structure, dimensional accuracy is high, the nodularization rate is high spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap and the casting mould of using this method to propose a kind of product yield.
The present invention realizes through following scheme:
Above-mentioned spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap casting method; This casting method be with one group of spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap blank be combined into a spray cast the back the machined later stage again cutting be the single-piece finished product, Iron Mould Coated Sand art shapes and the no rising head running gate system that flows slowly is adopted in casting.
Described spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap casting method, wherein: the template of said Iron Mould Coated Sand art shapes is arranged as many on a type, has cope match plate and following template; Said running gate system comprises cross gate, sprue, ingate and ingate; Said ingate is chosen in down template; Said cross gate is a shaped form, and corresponding said ingate place is provided with slag trap.
Described spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap casting method, wherein: said casting method is taked the curved surface die joint.
Described spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap casting method, wherein: said casting method also includes gas extraction system; The required exhaust needle of die cavity exhaust and be arranged on said cope match plate and the moulding of following template exhaust is used when penetrating sand venting plug and boss when said gas extraction system comprises the cast that is arranged on said cope match plate.
Described spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap casting method, its concrete steps are following:
The first, analyze the material and appearance and size of a plurality of one group of single-piece after, a plurality of single-pieces are synthesized an integral workblank, faying face size and machine add that to cut off composite blade thickness suitable, can satisfy the finished size requirement after being convenient to cut;
The second, select the curved surface die joint, arrange according to covering the template that the supporting template size of sand production line institute accomplishes many on a type, and the laying running gate system;
The 3rd, make metal pattern, be designed with two sand-spraying holes on each model;
The 4th, the moulding mould assembling: the template temperature is at 200 ℃-220 ℃, and the swage temperature is accomplished in the time of 200 ℃-350 ℃ and penetrated sand, and penetrating sand pressure is 0.4-0.6MP, checks and blows off mould assembling behind the die cavity, and lay cup;
The 5th, the smelting and pouring molten iron: adopt electrosmelting of intermediate frequency, 1500 ℃-1530 ℃ of tapping temperatures, 1380 ℃-1430 ℃ of pouring temperatures are controlled in 20 seconds the duration of pouring;
The foundry goods of unpacking out at last: went out foundry goods behind the casting complete in 12 minutes.
Use the casting mould of aforesaid spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap casting method, comprise template and be laid in the metal pattern and the running gate system of said template; Said template comprises cope match plate, following template; Said metal pattern comprises last model and the drag that is complementary; Said running gate system comprises sprue, cross gate, ingate and ingate, and said cross gate is communicated with said sprue and ingate; Said metal pattern is the as a whole metal patterns of a plurality of one-piece unit, and a type has many groups, is divided at least two arranged; Said cross gate is roughly X type and intersects the outside end face be laid in said cope match plate, the curved type of whole running channel; Said ingate is laid on the said template down and between two drags of adjacent two rows, and connects this two drags respectively; Said ingate is arranged on said template down.
The casting mould of described spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap casting method, wherein: corresponding said ingate place is provided with slag trap on the said cross gate.
The casting mould of described spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap casting method, wherein: said template is provided with gas extraction system; The required exhaust needle of die cavity exhaust and be arranged on said cope match plate and the moulding of following template exhaust is used when penetrating sand venting plug and boss when said gas extraction system comprises the cast that is arranged on said cope match plate.
The casting mould of described spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap casting method; Wherein: said metal pattern has 14 groups; Take roughly three structures of arranging and establishing, wherein two rows respectively five series connection together, four series connection in twos of a middle row are symmetrical set.
The casting mould of described spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap casting method, wherein: said going up on model and the drag is equipped with two sand-spraying holes.
Beneficial effect:
The present invention is combined into one group of monoblock cast with a plurality of main beating cap single-pieces; Adopt curved surface somatotype and unique no rising head unhurried current Design of Runner System; Need not lay filter screen, make full use of the quick cooling characteristics of graphitization expansion and swage, the spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap foundry goods that ability as cast condition is produced dense structure, dimensional accuracy is high, the nodularization rate is high, satisfy the unlike material requirement; This product yield is high, remarkable in economical benefits.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the upper and lower template structural representation of the spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap casting mould of the utility model;
Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 is the cope match plate vertical view of the spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap casting mould of the utility model;
Fig. 6 to Fig. 9 is the following template vertical view of the spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap casting mould of the utility model;
Figure 10 is the running gate system structural representation of the spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap casting mould of the utility model.
The specific embodiment
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap casting method of the present invention is one group of spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap blank to be combined into a spray cast, this spray the machined later stage again cutting be the single-piece finished product; Iron Mould Coated Sand art shapes and curved surface somatotype and no rising head unhurried current running gate system are adopted in casting, and auxiliary to cover reasonably that sand molding is penetrated sand and required gas extraction system when pouring into a mould; Make mould according to foregoing, moulding mould assembling then, the smelting and pouring molten iron, last knockout goes out foundry goods.
Above-mentioned casting method concrete steps are following:
The first, analyze the material and appearance and size of a plurality of one group of single-piece after, a plurality of single-pieces are synthesized an integral workblank, faying face size and machine add that to cut off composite blade thickness suitable, can satisfy the finished size requirement after being convenient to cut;
The second, select the curved surface die joint, carry out template and arrange and Design of Runner System: arrange according to covering sand production line institute supporting template size completion template; Many on one type; Be performance running gate system skimming function, ingate is chosen in mo(u)ld bottom half, and corresponding ingate place is provided with slag trap on the cross gate; Cross gate is designed to shaped form and prevents iron liquid turbulent flow, through casting solidification simulation running gate system is optimized;
The 3rd, make metal pattern: be designed with two sand-spraying holes on each model, to guarantee to penetrate the quality of die cavity behind the sand; The required exhaust needle of die cavity exhaust was provided with two when cast was set on the cope match plate on each foundry goods; Upper and lower template appropriate location is provided with moulding exhaust is used when penetrating sand venting plug, false boss, a complete set of frock making is accomplished in assembling;
The 4th, the moulding mould assembling: the template temperature is at 200 ℃-220 ℃, and the swage temperature is accomplished in the time of 200 ℃-350 ℃ and penetrated sand, and penetrating sand pressure is 0.4-0.6MP, checks and blows off mould assembling behind the die cavity, and lay cup;
The 5th, the smelting and pouring molten iron: adopt electrosmelting of intermediate frequency, 1500 ℃-1530 ℃ of tapping temperatures, 1380 ℃-1430 ℃ of pouring temperatures are controlled in 20 seconds the duration of pouring.
The 6th, the foundry goods of unpacking out: went out foundry goods behind the casting complete in 12 minutes.
To shown in Figure 10, the casting mould that the application said method is made comprises template 1, metal pattern 2 and is laid in the running gate system 3 of template 1 like Fig. 1.
Template 1 comprises cope match plate 11 and following template 12; Be provided with die joint 13 between cope match plate 11 and the following template 12, this die joint 13 is a curved surface;
This cope match plate 11 is provided with alignment pin 111, convex platform 112, goes up venting plug 113 and exhaust needle 114; Alignment pin 111 is positioned at the outside of cope match plate 11, has a plurality ofly, is used for cope match plate 11 and sandbox mount; Exhaust when penetrating sand that convex platform 112 and last venting plug 113 are used for moulding; Convex platform 112 is installed in the inboard of cope match plate 11 through securing member; Last venting plug 113 is arranged on the inner side end of cope match plate 11, from the relative both ends of the surface of cope match plate 11 respectively to the middle part extend to form a plurality of; Die cavity exhaust when exhaust needle 114 is used to pour into a mould;
Following template 12 is complementary with cope match plate 11, has locating hole 121, lower convex platform 122 and following venting plug 123; Locating hole 121 is opened in down the outside end face of template 12, has a plurality ofly, is used for down template 12 and sandbox mount; Exhaust when penetrating sand that lower convex platform 122 and following venting plug 123 are used for moulding; Lower convex platform 122 is corresponding with convex platform 112; Be installed in down the inboard of template 12 through securing member; Following venting plug 123 is arranged on down the inner side end of template 12, the relative both ends of the surface of descending template 12 certainly respectively to the middle part extend to form a plurality of.
Metal pattern 2 is the as a whole metal patterns of a plurality of one-piece unit, and a type has many groups, is at least two rows and distributes; Every group of this metal pattern 2 comprises the last model 21 that cope match plate 11 is set respectively and the drag 22 of following template 12; Should go up and be equipped with two sand-spraying holes (figure does not show) on model 21 and the drag 22;
Metal pattern 2 is provided with 14 groups in the present embodiment, takes roughly three structures of arranging and establishing, wherein two rows respectively together by five series connection, a middle row is provided with four series connection in twos and is symmetrical set.
Running gate system 3 comprises sprue 31, cross gate 32, ingate 33 and sprue gate 34;
Sprue 31 and cross gate 32 are arranged on the cope match plate 11 of cope match plate 1, and wherein cross gate 32 is roughly X type and intersects the outside end face that is laid in cope match plate 11, connects sprue 31 and ingate 33; The curved type of whole running channel of this cross gate 32 is to prevent iron liquid turbulent flow; Sprue 31 vertically is convexly set in the outside end face central authorities of cope match plate 11, is connected in the center of cross gate 32; Ingate 33 is laid in down on the template 12 and between two drags 22 of adjacent two rows, and connects this two drags 22 respectively;
Ingate 34 is arranged on down template 2, is positioned at the junction of ingate 33 and drag 12; Be the skimming function of performance running gate system 3, ingate 34 is chosen in down template 2, and corresponding ingate 34 places are provided with slag trap on the cross gate 32.
Below in conjunction with concrete case study on implementation further explain the present invention.
Embodiment one
The casting of EA888 engine TAB010020BN spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap blank: one group of this blank is made up of five single-pieces, and material is QT500-7, wherein:
No. 1 part finished product appearance and size: 108mm*17mm*45mm;
No. 2 part finished product appearance and size: 115mm*19mm*45mm;
No. 3 part finished product appearance and size: 115mm*22mm*45mm;
No. 4 part finished product appearance and size: 115mm*19mm*45mm;
No. 5 part finished product appearance and size: 108mm*19mm*45mm.
According to casting method of the present invention, the casting process of this main beating cap mainly comprises following several steps:
At first, after the material and appearance and size of five one group of single-pieces of analysis, five single-pieces are synthesized an integral workblank, it is suitable that faying face size and machine add cut-out composite blade thickness, can satisfy the finished size requirement after being convenient to cut;
The second, for enhancing productivity, reducing production costs, adopt the curved surface parting method to select die joint, economize and fall down the core link;
The 3rd; Template is arranged and Design of Runner System: accomplish the template layout according to covering the supporting template size of sand production line institute, 14 on a type is a performance running gate system skimming function; Ingate is chosen in mo(u)ld bottom half; Corresponding ingate place is provided with slag trap on the cross gate, and cross gate is designed to shaped form and prevents iron liquid turbulent flow, through casting solidification simulation running gate system is optimized.
The 4th; Make metal pattern by technological requirement: for guaranteeing to penetrate the quality of die cavity behind the sand; On each model, be designed with two sand-spraying holes, the required exhaust needle of die cavity exhaust was provided with two when cast was set on the cope match plate on each foundry goods; Upper and lower template appropriate location is provided with moulding exhaust is used when penetrating sand venting plug, false boss, a complete set of frock making is accomplished in assembling;
The 5th, the moulding mould assembling: the template temperature is at 200 ℃, and the swage temperature is accomplished in the time of 200 ℃ and penetrated sand, and penetrating sand pressure is 0.6MP, checks and blows off mould assembling behind the die cavity, and lay cup;
The 6th, the smelting and pouring molten iron: adopt electrosmelting of intermediate frequency, 1500 ℃ of tapping temperatures, 1380 ℃ of pouring temperatures are controlled in 20 seconds the duration of pouring;
At last, the foundry goods of unpacking out: went out foundry goods behind the casting complete in 12 minutes.
Foundry goods is body sampling after the cleaning polishing, and each item performance indications all can satisfy drawing requirement, need not heat treatment, and Non-Destructive Testing and dissection foundry goods do not have casting flaws such as shrinkage porosite.
Metallographic and mechanical performance testing result are following:
Metallographic structure:
Mechanical performance:
Embodiment two
The casting of EA888 engine TAB010020BA spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap blank:
Basically with embodiment one, difference is:
The first, the moulding mould assembling: the template temperature is accomplished during at 270 ℃ at 210 ℃, swage temperature and is penetrated sand, and penetrating sand pressure is 0.55MP, checks and blows off mould assembling behind the die cavity, and lay cup;
The second, the smelting and pouring molten iron: adopt electrosmelting of intermediate frequency, 1520 ℃ of tapping temperatures, 1400 ℃ of pouring temperatures are controlled in 20 seconds the duration of pouring.
Foundry goods is body sampling after the cleaning polishing, and each item performance indications all can satisfy drawing requirement, need not heat treatment, and Non-Destructive Testing and dissection foundry goods do not have casting flaws such as shrinkage porosite.
Metallographic and mechanical performance testing result are following:
Metallographic structure:
Mechanical performance:
Embodiment three
The casting of EA211 engine TAB010020 CE spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap blank:
Basically with embodiment one, difference is:
The first, the moulding mould assembling: the template temperature is at 220 ℃, and the swage temperature is accomplished in the time of 350 ℃ and penetrated sand, and penetrating sand pressure is 0.4MP, checks and blows off mould assembling behind the die cavity, and lay cup;
The second, the smelting and pouring molten iron: adopt electrosmelting of intermediate frequency, 1520 ℃ of tapping temperatures, 1410 ℃ of pouring temperatures are controlled in 20 seconds the duration of pouring.
Foundry goods is body sampling after the cleaning polishing, and each item performance indications all can satisfy drawing requirement, need not heat treatment, and Non-Destructive Testing and dissection foundry goods do not have casting flaws such as shrinkage porosite.
Metallographic and mechanical performance testing result are following:
Metallographic structure:
Mechanical performance:
Embodiment four
The casting of QT700-2 spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap blank:
Basically with embodiment one, difference is: profile is identical with EA888V main bearing of engine lid blank, and material is different, so we adjusted molten iron chemical analysis, the time of unpacking:
The first, the moulding mould assembling: the template temperature is at 215 ℃, and the swage temperature is accomplished in the time of 300 ℃ and penetrated sand, and penetrating sand pressure is 0.5MP, checks and blows off mould assembling behind the die cavity, and lay cup;
The second, the smelting and pouring molten iron: adopt electrosmelting of intermediate frequency, 1530 ℃ of tapping temperatures, 1430 ℃ of pouring temperatures are controlled in 20 seconds the duration of pouring.
Foundry goods is body sampling after the cleaning polishing, and each item performance indications all can satisfy drawing requirement, need not heat treatment, and Non-Destructive Testing and dissection foundry goods do not have casting flaws such as shrinkage porosite.
Metallographic and mechanical performance testing result are following:
Metallographic structure:
Mechanical performance:
The present invention can reach the spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap that no rising head as cast condition is produced the various different trades mark through taking different smelting parameters.
Claims (10)
1. spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap casting method; This casting method be with one group of spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap blank be combined into a spray cast the back the machined later stage again cutting be the single-piece finished product, Iron Mould Coated Sand art shapes and the no rising head running gate system that flows slowly is adopted in casting.
2. spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap casting method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the template of said Iron Mould Coated Sand art shapes is arranged as many on a type, has cope match plate and following template;
Said running gate system comprises cross gate, sprue, ingate and ingate; Said ingate is chosen in down template; Said cross gate is a shaped form, and corresponding said ingate place is provided with slag trap.
3. spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap casting method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: said casting method is taked the curved surface die joint.
4. spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap casting method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: said casting method also includes gas extraction system; The required exhaust needle of die cavity exhaust and be arranged on said cope match plate and the moulding of following template exhaust is used when penetrating sand venting plug and boss when said gas extraction system comprises the cast that is arranged on said cope match plate.
5. like the arbitrary described spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap casting method of claim 1 to 4, its concrete steps are following:
The first, analyze the material and appearance and size of a plurality of one group of single-piece after, a plurality of single-pieces are synthesized an integral workblank, faying face size and machine add that to cut off composite blade thickness suitable, can satisfy the finished size requirement after being convenient to cut;
The second, select the curved surface die joint, arrange according to covering the template that the supporting template size of sand production line institute accomplishes many on a type, and the laying running gate system;
The 3rd, make metal pattern, be designed with two sand-spraying holes on each model;
The 4th, the moulding mould assembling: the template temperature is at 200 ℃-220 ℃, and the swage temperature is accomplished in the time of 200 ℃-350 ℃ and penetrated sand, and penetrating sand pressure is 0.4-0.6MP, checks and blows off mould assembling behind the die cavity, and lay cup;
The 5th, the smelting and pouring molten iron: adopt electrosmelting of intermediate frequency, 1500 ℃-1530 ℃ of tapping temperatures, 1380 ℃-1430 ℃ of pouring temperatures are controlled in 20 seconds the duration of pouring;
The foundry goods of unpacking out at last: went out foundry goods behind the casting complete in 12 minutes.
6. use casting mould, comprise template and be laid in the metal pattern and the running gate system of said template like the described spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine of claim 1-5 main beating cap casting method; Said template comprises cope match plate, following template; Said metal pattern comprises last model and the drag that is complementary; Said running gate system comprises sprue, cross gate, ingate and ingate, and said cross gate connects said sprue and ingate; It is characterized in that: said metal pattern is the as a whole metal patterns of a plurality of one-piece unit, and a type has many groups, is divided at least two arranged;
Said cross gate is roughly X type and intersects the outside end face be laid in said cope match plate, the curved type of whole running channel; Said ingate is laid on the said template down and between two drags of adjacent two rows, and connects this two drags respectively; Said ingate is arranged on said template down.
7. the casting mould of spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap casting method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: corresponding said ingate place is provided with slag trap on the said cross gate.
8. the casting mould of spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap casting method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: said template is provided with gas extraction system; The required exhaust needle of die cavity exhaust and be arranged on said cope match plate and the moulding of following template exhaust is used when penetrating sand venting plug and boss when said gas extraction system comprises the cast that is arranged on said cope match plate.
9. the casting mould of spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap casting method as claimed in claim 6; It is characterized in that: said metal pattern has 14 groups; Take roughly three structures of arranging and establishing, wherein two rows respectively five groups of series connection together, a middle row connects in twos for four groups and is symmetrical set.
10. the casting mould of spheroidal graphite cast-iron automobile engine main beating cap casting method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: said going up on model and the drag is equipped with two sand-spraying holes.
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