CN102488732B - Rapid drying processing method of American ginseng - Google Patents
Rapid drying processing method of American ginseng Download PDFInfo
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- CN102488732B CN102488732B CN 201110433601 CN201110433601A CN102488732B CN 102488732 B CN102488732 B CN 102488732B CN 201110433601 CN201110433601 CN 201110433601 CN 201110433601 A CN201110433601 A CN 201110433601A CN 102488732 B CN102488732 B CN 102488732B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid drying processing method of American ginseng and belongs to the technical field of agricultural product processing. The method comprises the following operation steps: storing the American ginseng in a low temperature and high moisture environment; cleaning the American ginseng with root hairs and rhizomes removed; slicing; carrying out gas jet impingement drying with changed temperature and wind speed; and carrying out nitrogen-filled package. The invention employs the gas jet impingement technology to dry the American ginseng sheets, has fast drying and dehydration speed, high production efficiency and short processing time; temperature changing and wind speed changing drying is employed according to drying characteristics of the material and has advantages of low heat-sensitive component loss and low energy consumption; and the product is not treated with dry sulphitation and natural and pollution-free.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of agricultural product process, relate in particular to a kind of drying and processing method of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii.
Background technology
Radix Panacis Quinquefolii is Araliaceae Panax perennial root herbaceous plant, and dry root is used as medicine, and crude drug is called Radix Panacis Quinquefolii, Radix Panacis Quinquefolii or Radix Panacis Quinquefolii.Radix Panacis Quinquefolii contains the bioactive ingredients such as ginsenoside, volatile oil, polysaccharide, and nourishing and body-strengthening is arranged, and lung benefiting is cloudy, clear asthenic fire, the effects such as nourishing blood to promote the production of body fluid, the Fructus Alpiniae Oxyphyllae of calming the nerves.Radix Panacis Quinquefolii is successfully planted since 1975 in the Heilongjiang Province by China, and the continuous improvement through three more than ten years has formed from a whole set of complete technical systems such as seed treatment, Cultivate administration, plant protection, stock breeding, processing.The now production of China's Radix Panacis Quinquefolii has formed four large ecoclimate cultivation areas, cultivation area, northeast, cultivation area, North China, cultivation area, Central China and cultivation area, health Yunnan.At present, China has become Radix Panacis Quinquefolii the second manufacturing country and first country of consumption.Canada, China and U.S.A are three countries of present Radix Panacis Quinquefolii cultivated area maximum.
The Radix Panacis Quinquefolii collecting time is comparatively concentrated, brings scarcely sharp impact to processing.In order to prolong its process time, guarantee simultaneously its quality, the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii after just needing to adopt is preserved.After Radix Panacis Quinquefolii is adopted, moisture high (the wet basis moisture content is up to about 70%), aquatic foods are placed a deposit and are hidden excess Temperature and go rotten easily, and reserve temperature is crossed the low ginseng body that causes easily and is freezed disorganization.And the humidity of storage environment has material impact to its quality, if humidity is low, Radix Panacis Quinquefolii will be taken out ditch and then reduce its processing quality because the evaporation of ginseng body moisture is lost and shrivelled.Therefore the holding conditions of choose reasonable Radix Panacis Quinquefolii guarantees that for prolonging dry process time product quality is significant.
In the processing of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii was concocted, drying was the step of most critical wherein.The drying of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii, Radix Ginseng is main mainly with whole ginseng drying at present, needs first then the whole ginseng rehydration of drying to be cut into slices metering and edible very inconvenient when edible.Radix Panacis Quinquefolii, the traditional drying processing of Radix Ginseng mainly are the methods that adopts natural drying and heated kang oven dry, and not only large, the drying time of labor intensity is long, efficient is low, and unstable product quality.The natural drying method is such as rainy weather, and mildew and rot spoilage problems is more outstanding.Present most processing factory all is the mode of utilizing the drying room oven dry.Drying room oven dry is installed jet chimney exactly in a room, medical material is installed on the shelf of layering to carry out drying.Drying room is dry because the heat radiation of many employing jet chimneys provides drying source, and the difficult control of temperature and inhomogeneous is near the temperature height at jet chimney place, fast drying; And hot-air is up walked, cold air sinks, and often the ginseng on the shelf of upper strata is done first.It is inhomogeneous that its another problem is exactly the interior humidity of drying room, low near the air humidity at moisture exhausting port place, fast drying.In order to guarantee the uniformity of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii drying, the basin of diverse location needs constantly to adjust, and labor intensity is large.Radix Panacis Quinquefolii difficult quality homogeneous, and long processing time, generally 2～3 weeks (Zhou Yongan. the research of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii vacuum freeze-drying technique [J]. vacuum science and technology, 1998,18 (1): 80-82).
Another outstanding problem that exists in the drying processing of China's Radix Panacis Quinquefolii, Radix Ginseng adopts the sulfur fumigation bleaching exactly.In the process of processing Radix Ginseng (processed with sugar) and Radix Ginseng, pure white attractive in appearance in order to make Radix Ginseng, traditional drying process adopts sulfur to smoke more.Because the smoked used sulfur of medicine mostly is natural prodcuts, contains a certain amount of red arsenic sulfide, red arsenic sulfide and airborne oxygen react after the burning, generate the main component arsenic trioxide of arsenicum.The water of the sulfur dioxide that sulfur fumigation produces in material is combined and is formed sulfurous acid, can cause the hydrolysis of the sour labile element in the medical material to destroy, and has reduced the content of effective ingredient.The saponins material is the main effective ingredient of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii, and it easily issues unboiled water solution destruction in the effect of acid, studies show that ginsenoside Rb
1Under sour environment, can be hydrolyzed to panoxadiol and glucose, reduced the ginsenoside physiologically active (Li Xianggao. to the quality evaluation [J] of the different processed goods of Radix Ginseng. Jilin Agriculture University's journal, 1981 (1): 58-64).Sulphuring not only can affect the effective ingredient of Chinese crude drug, and can make product produce abnormal flavour, covers the fragrance of medical material itself, reduces the commodity of medical material.
Product quality was not high and unstable after the existence of the problems referred to above caused China's Radix Panacis Quinquefolii, Radix Ginseng to be done, price is low, a little less than the market competitiveness.The Korean Ginseng that domestic Radix Ginseng price is in the international market produced well below Korea S, even media report said that the price of domestic Radix Ginseng only is 1/15 of Korean Ginseng, and the price of domestic Radix Panacis Quinquefolii be import ginseng about 1/3～1/2 (lost name. Chinese Radix Ginseng is sold " Radix Raphani valency " and is Korea S Korean Ginseng 1/15[N] .http: //news.cctv.com/society/20090724/108375.shtml, 2009).Therefore, research Radix Panacis Quinquefolii, the modern dry process technology of Radix Ginseng is imperative.
The gas jet impact dry technology, be will have the heated air of certain pressure through the nozzle ejection of definite shape, the high velocity air that produces by nozzle directly impacts the material surface and carries off a kind of dry technology of moisture.Because the speed of ejection gas is high, flow process is short, can form very thin boundary region on the material surface, therefore have higher heat transfer coefficient (Moreira R.G..Impingement drying of foods using hot air and superheated steam[J] .Journal of Food Engineering, 2001,49:291-295; Anderson B.A.﹠amp; Singh R.P.Modeling the thawing of frozen foods using air impingement technology[J] .International Journal of Refrigeration, 2006,29:294-304).Its convection transfer rate is more than 5 times even 10 times of general hot air convective drying (Seyedein S.H., Hasan M. ， ﹠amp; Mujumdar A.S..Turbulent Flow And Heat Transfer From Confined Multiple Impinging Slot Jet[J] .Numerical Heat Transfer, 1995,27:35-51).Higher convection transfer rate can make material obtain more heat under short time and lower temperature, thereby has improved rate of drying, has reduced energy consumption for drying.The gas jet impact dry technology than common hot air drying saving energy 20～30% (Gao Zhenjiang. gas jet impact granule materials drying mechanism and Study of parameters [D] doctorate paper, Beijing: China Agricultural University, 2000).
Effective ingredient in the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii belongs to heat-sensitive substance more, and therefore rationally controlling its baking temperature and wind speed in dry run is the key that guarantees its active substance.Because to contain moisture more, a large amount of heats is taken away in the moisture evaporation to material in initial stage of drying, so even material uses the temperature of higher baking temperature material itself also can be very not high at initial drying stage; And constantly reduce owing to material water ratio at the later stage of drying, the heat that material absorbs from drying medium is mainly used in improving the temperature of self.Therefore, in the dry run of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii, adopt behind the first high temperature behind the low temperature and first large wind speed temperature and the wind speed of little wind speed dry, for the retention rate that improves its thermal sensitivity composition with reduce energy consumption for drying, significant.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of rapid draing processing method of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii, solve the dry edible metering inconvenience of existing whole ginseng in the present Radix Panacis Quinquefolii drying, drying time is long, efficient is low, energy consumption is high, poor quality and the problem such as unstable.
A kind of rapid draing processing method of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii, carry out in accordance with the following steps:
(1) select without going rotten and the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii of mechanical damage, with earth with the following part embedding of rhizoma of Panax quinquefolius or with earth with whole ginseng parcel after, be 1～6 ℃ in temperature, relative humidity is to preserve under 75～100% the environment;
(2) Radix Panacis Quinquefolii or the fresh Radix Panacis Quinquefolii with storage removes root hair, reed head, and cleans up and drain the moisture of remained on surface with the clear water silt that it is surperficial;
(3) with the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii that cleans up, along laterally being cut into the thin slice that thickness is 1.5～3.5mm;
(4) the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii thin slice single flat that cuts is layered on the gas jet impact tray, carry out the gas jet impact drying, wherein, the baking temperature of the first dryer section is that 45～60 ℃, dry wind speed are 9～20m/s, advance people's the second dryer section when Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content is down to 50%～65%, baking temperature is 35～45 ℃, and dry wind speed is 3～9m/s, when Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content is reduced to 8～10%, stop drying, obtain the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet;
(5) dried Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet is carried out vacuum pack with nitrogen, and it is not more than at relative humidity lucifuge stores under 20% the environment.
Described step (3) is with the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii that cleans up, along laterally being cut into the thin slice that thickness is 2～3mm; The described gas jet impact of step (4) is dry, wherein, the baking temperature of the first dryer section is that 45～55 ℃, dry wind speed are 9～15m/s, when being down to 57%～63%, advances Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content people's the second dryer section, baking temperature is 40～45 ℃, dry wind speed is 3～5m/s, stops drying when Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content is reduced to 8～10%, obtains the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet.
Described step (3) is with the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii that cleans up, along laterally being cut into the thin slice that thickness is 2mm; The described gas jet impact of step (4) is dry, wherein, the baking temperature of the first dryer section is that 55 ℃, dry wind speed are 12m/s, when being down to 62%, advances Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content people's the second dryer section, baking temperature is 45 ℃, dry wind speed is 4m/s, stops drying when Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content is 8～10%.
Described step (3) is with the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii that cleans up, along laterally being cut into the thin slice that thickness is 3mm; The described gas jet impact of step (4) is dry, wherein, the baking temperature of the first dryer section is that 50 ℃, dry wind speed are 15m/s, when being down to 59%, advances Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content people's the second dryer section, baking temperature is 40 ℃, dry wind speed is 5m/s, stops drying when Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content is 8～10%.
Reserve temperature after the described Radix Panacis Quinquefolii of step (1) is gathered is 3～5 ℃, and relative humidity is 90～100%, and storage time is below 4 months.
The storage of the described Radix Panacis Quinquefolii of step 1 refers to earth with the following part embedding of rhizoma of Panax quinquefolius or to be placed on temperature with earth after with whole ginseng parcel be 3～5 ℃, and relative humidity is to preserve under 90～100% the low temperature and high relative humidity environment, and the time is no more than 4 months.
Described Radix Panacis Quinquefolii is the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii of life in 3～6 years.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: (1) adopts the dry Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet of air jet impingement technology, and drying and dehydrating speed is fast, and production efficiency is high, and process time is short, and the time processing cycle was at 3～8 hours; (2) characteristic according to dry materials adopts alternating temperature to become the wind speed drying, has the advantage that the loss of thermal sensitivity composition is little, energy consumption is low; (3) do not use sulphuring to process, product is natural pollution-free.
The specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
The measurement of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content uses infrared ray (halogen) moisture test apparatus to carry out on-line moisture determination in following examples dry run.
Embodiment 1
A kind of rapid draing processing method of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii comprises following operating procedure:
(1): select without going rotten and the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii of mechanical damage, with earth with the following part embedding of rhizoma of Panax quinquefolius or with earth with whole ginseng parcel after, be 1 ℃ with it in temperature, relative humidity is to preserve under 75% the low temperature and high relative humidity environment;
(2): the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii of storage is removed root hair, reed head, and clean up and drain the moisture of remained on surface with the clear water silt that it is surperficial;
(3): with the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii that cleans up, along laterally being cut into the thin slice that thickness is 1.5mm;
(4): the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet single flat that cuts is layered on the gas jet impact tray, carry out the gas jet impact drying, wherein, the baking temperature of the first dryer section is that 45 ℃, dry wind speed are 9m/s, advance people's the second dryer section when Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content is down to 65%, baking temperature is 35 ℃, and dry wind speed is 3m/s, when Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content is reduced to 10%, stop drying, obtain the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet.
(5): dried Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet is carried out vacuum pack with nitrogen, and it is not more than at relative humidity lucifuge stores under 20% the environment.
Embodiment 2
A kind of rapid draing processing method of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii comprises following operating procedure:
(1): select without going rotten and the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii of mechanical damage, with earth with the following part embedding of rhizoma of Panax quinquefolius or with earth with whole ginseng parcel after, be 6 ℃ with it in temperature, relative humidity is to preserve under 100% the low temperature and high relative humidity environment;
(2): the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii of storage is removed root hair, reed head, and clean up and drain the moisture of remained on surface with the clear water silt that it is surperficial;
(3): with the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii that cleans up, along laterally being cut into the thin slice that thickness is 3.5mm;
(4): the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet single flat that cuts is layered on the gas jet impact tray, carry out the gas jet impact drying, wherein, the baking temperature of the first dryer section is that 60 ℃, dry wind speed are 20m/s, advance people's the second dryer section when Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content is down to 50%, baking temperature is 45 ℃, and dry wind speed is 9m/s, when Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content is reduced to 8～10%, stop drying, obtain the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet.
(5): dried Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet is carried out vacuum pack with nitrogen, and it is not more than at relative humidity lucifuge stores under 20% the environment.
Embodiment 3
A kind of rapid draing processing method of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii comprises following operating procedure:
(1): select the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii without mildew and rot and mechanical damage, with earth with the following part embedding of rhizoma of Panax quinquefolius or to be placed on temperature with earth after with whole ginseng parcel be 3～5 ℃, relative humidity is to preserve under 90～100% the low temperature and high relative humidity environment, and the time is no more than 4 months.
(2): Radix Panacis Quinquefolii or the fresh Radix Panacis Quinquefolii of storage are removed root hair, reed head, and clean up and drain the moisture of remained on surface with the clear water silt that it is surperficial;
(3): with the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii that cleans up, along laterally being cut into the thin slice that thickness is 2mm;
(4): the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet single flat that cuts is layered on the gas jet impact tray, carry out the gas jet impact drying, wherein, the baking temperature of the first dryer section is that 55 ℃, dry wind speed are 12m/s, advance people's the second dryer section when Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content is down to 62%, baking temperature is 45 ℃, and dry wind speed is 3m/s, when Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content is reduced to 8～10%, stop drying, obtain the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet.
(5): dried Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet is carried out vacuum pack with nitrogen, and it is not more than at relative humidity lucifuge stores under 20% the environment.
Embodiment 4
(1): fresh Radix Panacis Quinquefolii is removed root hair, reed head, and clean up and drain the moisture of remained on surface with the clear water silt that it is surperficial;
(2): with the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii that cleans up, along laterally being cut into the thin slice that thickness is 3mm;
(3): the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet single flat that cuts is layered on the gas jet impact tray, carry out the gas jet impact drying, wherein, the baking temperature of phase I is that 50 ℃, dry wind speed are 15m/s, advance people's the second dryer section when Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content is down to 59%, baking temperature is 40 ℃, and dry wind speed is 5m/s, when Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content is reduced to 8～10%, stop drying, obtain the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet.
(4): dried Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet is carried out vacuum pack with nitrogen, and be housed in relative humidity and be not more than under 20% the environment.
Claims (7)
1. the rapid draing processing method of a Radix Panacis Quinquefolii is characterized in that, carries out in accordance with the following steps:
(1) select without going rotten and the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii of mechanical damage, with earth with the following part embedding of rhizoma of Panax quinquefolius or with earth with whole ginseng parcel after, be 1～6 ℃ in temperature, relative humidity is to preserve under 75～100% the environment;
(2) Radix Panacis Quinquefolii or the fresh Radix Panacis Quinquefolii with storage removes root hair, reed head, and cleans up and drain the moisture of remained on surface with the clear water silt that it is surperficial;
(3) with the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii that cleans up, along laterally being cut into the thin slice that thickness is 1.5～3.5mm;
(4) the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii thin slice single flat that cuts is layered on the gas jet impact tray, carry out the gas jet impact drying, wherein, the baking temperature of the first dryer section is that 45～60 ℃, dry wind speed are 9～20m/s, advance people's the second dryer section when Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content is down to 50%～65%, baking temperature is 35～45 ℃, and dry wind speed is 3～9m/s, when Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content is reduced to 8～10%, stop drying, obtain the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet;
(5) dried Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet is carried out vacuum pack with nitrogen, and it is not more than at relative humidity lucifuge stores under 20% the environment.
2. the rapid draing processing method of a kind of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described step (3) is with the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii that cleans up, along laterally being cut into the thin slice that thickness is 2～3mm; The described gas jet impact of step (4) is dry, wherein, the baking temperature of the first dryer section is that 45～55 ℃, dry wind speed are 9～15m/s, when being down to 57%～63%, advances Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content people's the second dryer section, baking temperature is 40～45 ℃, dry wind speed is 3～5m/s, stops drying when Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content is reduced to 8～10%, obtains the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii sheet.
3. the rapid draing processing method of described a kind of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described step (3) is with the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii that cleans up, along laterally being cut into the thin slice that thickness is 2mm; The described gas jet impact of step (4) is dry, wherein, the baking temperature of the first dryer section is that 55 ℃, dry wind speed are 12m/s, when being down to 62%, advances Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content people's the second dryer section, baking temperature is 45 ℃, dry wind speed is 4m/s, stops drying when Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content is 8～10%.
4. the rapid draing processing method of described a kind of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described step (3) is with the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii that cleans up, along laterally being cut into the thin slice that thickness is 3mm; The described gas jet impact of step (4) is dry, wherein, the baking temperature of the first dryer section is that 50 ℃, dry wind speed are 15m/s, when being down to 59%, advances Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content people's the second dryer section, baking temperature is 40 ℃, dry wind speed is 5m/s, stops drying when Radix Panacis Quinquefolii wet basis moisture content is 8～10%.
5. the rapid draing processing method of described a kind of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii according to claim 1 is characterized in that the reserve temperature after the described Radix Panacis Quinquefolii of step (1) is gathered is 3～5 ℃, and relative humidity is 90～100%, and storage time is below 4 months.
6. a kind of rapid draing processing method of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii according to claim 1 or 5, it is characterized in that, the storage of the described Radix Panacis Quinquefolii of step 1 refers to earth with the following part embedding of rhizoma of Panax quinquefolius or to be placed on temperature with earth after with whole ginseng parcel be 3～5 ℃, relative humidity is to preserve under 90～100% the low temperature and high relative humidity environment, and the time is no more than 4 months.
7. the rapid draing processing method of described a kind of Radix Panacis Quinquefolii according to claim 1 is characterized in that described Radix Panacis Quinquefolii is the Radix Panacis Quinquefolii of life in 3～6 years.
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| CN105135824B (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2017-11-14 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of maca alternating temperature drying means |
| CN105285975B (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2017-10-31 | 李宏 | It is a kind of American ginseng freeze-dried and preparation method thereof |
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| CN108578463B (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2020-07-31 | 北京工商大学 | Method for drying liquorice by combining gas jet impact and vacuum pulsation microwave |
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| CN109770285B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2022-06-07 | 陕西师范大学 | Method for processing kiwi fruit slices based on ultrasonic wave and variable-temperature gas jet impact drying technology |
| CN115558554A (en) * | 2022-11-01 | 2023-01-03 | 鄂尔多斯市德古乐乐香草科技发展有限责任公司 | Method for extracting sweet wormwood essential oil |
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