CN102486169B - High-efficiency axial flow and screw combined pump for ship - Google Patents
High-efficiency axial flow and screw combined pump for ship Download PDFInfo
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- CN102486169B CN102486169B CN200910258712.2A CN200910258712A CN102486169B CN 102486169 B CN102486169 B CN 102486169B CN 200910258712 A CN200910258712 A CN 200910258712A CN 102486169 B CN102486169 B CN 102486169B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a structure of a high-efficiency axial flow and screw combined pump. A large flow and a high pressure are obtained by high speed rotation. A transmission chain in a ship is greatly simplified. The high-efficiency axial flow and screw combined pump has light weight and is suitable for high-speed sailing. The high-efficiency axial flow and screw combined pump is characterized in that an axial flow pump impeller and a screw of a screw pump which are driven coaxially are arranged in a big sleeve to form a structure of an axial flow pump and the screw pump; if the positions of the axial flow pump and the screw pump are exchanged, a structure of the screw pump and the multi-stage axial pump is formed; and water is sucked from the front of the ship bottom, obtains kinetic energy through the front-mounted pump and then is fed to the rear-mounted pump to be boosted to be sprayed, so that the ship is propelled. One single screw is arranged and is provided with a plurality of heads; screw edges are very narrow and have large screw pitch, so that the depth of a screw thread gradually becomes shallow to achieve the effects of large flow and high pressure; and the axial flow pump is designed by combining excellent aerofoils according to a variable-circulation variable-axis surface. The pump has a very simple structure, has good manufacturability and is easy to manufacture; the high-efficiency axial flow and screw combined pump is convenient to install; the high-efficiency axial flow and screw combined pump rotates at the high speed, has small volume and light weight, is efficient and energy-saving; the high-efficiency axial flow and screw combined pump has the self-adsorption capability and the ship has high sailing speed; the high-efficiency axial flow and screw combined pump can be made to have large power; the high-efficiency axial flow and screw combined pump has double-injection capability, a steering engine is saved and the high-efficiency axial flow and screw combined pump has high performances which cannot be realized by a single low speed axial flow pump or mixed-flow pump injection propeller.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to the structure that a kind of efficient axial-flow screw rod optimum organization pump peculiar to vessel is provided, for modern high speed vessels pump hydraulic jet propulsion, also can screw pump or axial-flow pump use separately separately.This displacement pump is compressible air also, forms the air cushion of Hovercraft.
Two, background technique
2.1, my application in the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches has denomination of invention to be " horizontal double-circular-arc gear pump is used for high-speed craft ", and number of patent application is 2009101732167.This to be stationed in China company according to U.S. marine high-speed power system technology, and the innovative design repeatedly after exchange of technology, industry obtains favorable comment the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches.And American side more provides many photos extensively adopting now the data of axial-flow pump and up-to-date high speed, high-performance airscrew in the world, wish that I also can innovate to some extent in axial-flow pump, this is the common aspiration of sincerity cooperative development.
2.2, I, application had denomination of invention to be " floating meshed double screw vermicelli and food extruder " in the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches, and number of patent application 200510133961.0, because this is screw pump, is displacement pump, has the advantage of high efficiency, high pressure, the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches confirm by production practices.Data shows, screw pump can be made into 300 cubic metres/time, pressure is up to 200 barometric pressure, and indivedual water pump revolution Gao Zheke reaches 10000 revs/min.In view of I am to the design experiences of screw pump, naturally want it to introduce in the design of the innovation.
2.3, I provides the data of axial-flow pump peculiar to vessel according to the U.S side, analyse in depth, think from the principle of axial-flow pump and find out: comparing axial-flow pump with centrifugal pump has higher efficiency, compacter, but less pressure can only be produced, " because geometry does not have the flowing of radial fluid here; and; centrifugal force is position perpendicular in the plane on surface; fluid along these surface flowings, so centrifugal force does not do work " (draw and have Zhang Yi 16 pages from " pump and ventilator " Lee).Because understanding this point is of crucial importance, only gets on to understand the defect of axial-flow pump from the working principle of pump, just establishes the value of the innovation.The present whole world is all hankered after on high-speed craft, and use the pump hydraulic jet propulsion that axial-flow pump is high-speed craft, defect is very large in fact.For no other reason than that its advantage is quite a few: " during same carrying capacity, its shape wants much little compared with centrifugal pump "; Simple structure; The gap of wheel blade is large, to the seawater containing foreign material, and clog-free anxiety.
Axial-flow pump has another name called " propeller formula water pump; the movable vane wheel being water pump is similar to the propeller cavitation of boats and ships; liquid flows along pump shaft in leaf road ", each wing similar to the wing of aircraft due to latticed wing in axial flow pump, and pitch is quite large, so the theory of application wing also can try to achieve the energy that water passed to by driving wheel.Therefore the theory of axial flow pump comprehensively should be discussed by moment of momentum theory and wing theory two aspect.By the wheel blade of propeller cavitation, cut out " the primitive wheel wing ", can be theoretical according to the moment of momentum, obtain dependent equation, carry out die young component analysis and calculating, obtain lifting force that the primitive wheel wing produces current and resistance divides the amount of dying young.The shape of the primitive wheel wing in fact, Theoretical Design basis on, be unable to do without trial-production in kind and test repeatedly!
2.4 " do not think that we have used propeller cavitation the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches of centuries through very perfect.Usefulness is very low in fact, and such as we go by ship at ordinary times, sees that the spray that propeller cavitation stirs seethes in a large number on the quarter, with aerodynamic term Here it is sinuous flow.Especially, at a high speed, propeller cavitation has become to block boats and ships resistance forward simply." this is the Email of the U.S side, " idea of oneself can be had on Impeller Design, absorb each strength, then have the feature of oneself furtherly." how sincere mutual inspiration, jointly break the back of a tough job!
2.5, in person in " background technique " of the patent application " specification " of " horizontal double-circular-arc gear pump is used for high-speed craft ", also refer to the defect of propeller cavitation and the shortcoming of axial-flow pump the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches.The present revise slightly quote under:
2.5.1 the U.S. " extra large wolf " level nuclear powered submarine pump propulsion device, " rotating speed is at about 130 revs/min ", and adopt seven leaf skewed propellers, to raise the efficiency, reduce the noise (American side also provides photo) of eddy current.Overall structure, also by picture concerned is seen, is outside seven leaf oars, sets up the huge annular conduit for shielding noise, have stator before rotor.It belongs to axial-flow pump, has conduit, stator, rotor, and structure is very huge, " its weight traditional propeller especially 2 to 3 times, to hull trim, stern construction and propulsion device shafting vibration etc., all bring greater impact ".And this pump can be expected and to be worked under 3000 to 4000 revs/min.Namely the axial-flow pump of the comparable existing high-speed craft of this revolution speed is high, and Here it is is bent in person and wants by cooperation, earnestly goes to pursue and uses this pump, go the reason replacing the external marine pump such as traditional propeller cavitation and axial-flow pump.
2.5.2 analyze further, the common rotating speed of marine propeller, can only below 300 revs/min, rotating speed is high will produce cavitation phenomena.As improved its rotating speed, its power will increase severely by cube function, represent with the formula: N
1/ N
o=(n
1/ n
o)
3.Such as, the rotating speed of propeller cavitation is from n
o=130 revs/min, improve 3 times to n
1=390 revs/min, its power is from N
oincrease to N
127 times more than, this is iron rule! This is also why marine propeller advances, and join the reason of great power.All centrifugal pump, helicopter screw propellers pressing centrifugal action, between its power and rotating speed, be all increase severely in accordance with this cube function relation, and this axial flow screw pump, displacement pump with screw pump supercharging, not by this rule constraint, when flow, pressure increase, its power is just pressed direct proportaion and is increased, can reach significantly energy-conservation, when all extensive uses on each ship, replace traditional propeller cavitation with this pump, its energy-saving significance will be extremely huge!
Introduce in 2.6 " pump is selected " handbook: peripheral pump efficiency is 36 ~ 38%, and its principle and propeller for vessels have similarity, and efficiency is far below displacement pump.Such as LB-63 screw oil pump, volumetric efficiency reaches 83% (torrid zone, Guangzhou machine grinds and produced), namely exceeds more than one times than vortex pump efficiency.If ship can use displacement pump, replace non-displacement pump, its energy-saving significance is extremely far-reaching.
Before 2.7, the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches states screw pump has and can reach high pressure, outstanding advantages at a high speed, thus the volume energy of pump greatly reduce, lightweight, jet pressure is high, everything all extremely favourable ship ultra high speed navigation.This displacement pump also can be used for pressurized air, forms the air cushion of Hovercraft.
2.8 " most scientific is exactly high-effect propeller cavitation, and this propeller cavitation angle is very little, less than adjustable speedboat propeller cavitation angle, and length is longer, is long strip, is very strange in one's manner, just as the model of the DNA that we see at ordinary times, in other words as the rifling inside gun barrel.Blade rotates a circle just can promote very long distance by water, and obtain reaction, very slow rotating speed also can cause the current of high velocity jet ".This is the information that the U.S side provides reference, transmits photo in kind simultaneously.I am after gratitude, and more idea to walk oneself Innovation! Because I thinks the efficiency of this " high-effect propeller cavitation ", and how am I unclear? but still belonging to non-displacement pump, efficiency also can not exceed displacement pump.
Three, summary of the invention
The object of the invention: relate to the structure that a kind of efficient axial-flow screw rod optimum organization pump peculiar to vessel is provided, for modern high speed vessels pump hydraulic jet propulsion, reach the structure of the high speed of a ship or plane, energy-conservation, easy manufacture, greatly abbreviation Transmitted chains, reduce investment, also can screw pump or axial-flow pump use separately separately.Namely remove the impeller of axial-flow pump, and make the screw rod of screw pump lengthen simultaneously, independent screw pump; Remove screw rod independent axial-flow pump, and make the wheel blade width of axial-flow pump broaden, flatten simultaneously, namely elongate the impeller of axial-flow pump.This displacement pump also can be used for pressurized air, forms the air cushion of Hovercraft.
3.1 its technical characteristics are: near on the axle in the water inlet side sleeve of single screw rod water pump, then increase the axial-flow pump impeller of a coaxial transmission, form: the innovation structure of " axial-flow pump+helical rotor pump ".Single screw rod can be multiple thread, the helical pitch (four multiple threads, shape is the spitting image of large edible " deep-fried twisted dough sticks " that reverse) that tool is very large.Due to the pump of two kinds of different operating principles, optimum organization carries water in same sleeve, and current are first through the impeller of axial-flow pump, obtain initial kinetic energy, and then be sent to screw pump and carry out supercharging, helical rotor pump is worked under the larger back pressure of acquisition, and conveying capacity obtains large raising.This can liken, and now by helical rotor pump, under the high-pressure water pipe being contained in hydroelectric power, as water turbine, accepts head pressure, is conducive to water and enters the repressurize of screw pump ingress, accelerate the suction velocity of screw pump.In other words be sent by press water, there are suitable speed and kinetic energy in its sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches, can improve the volumetric efficiency of screw pump.Below supposition improves volumetric efficiency 30%; Also the supercharging burden of screw pump can partly be alleviated.
The structure characteristic of 3.2 helical rotor pumps is: by means of uniform pitch, and the degree of depth of screw thread shoals gradually, about about 3 degree, spiral shell root inclination angle (or the degree of depth of getting screw thread is identical, and pitch is by diminishing gradually greatly; Or get the micro-contraction in circular cone of sleeve, screw rod cylindrical also shrinks in circular cone, now pitch is constant), in a word by every possible means, make the volume of screw pump inlet side (under referring to uniform pitch, a pitch, the spatial volume of screw thread) be a bit larger tham the volume of screw pump outlet side, namely water is subject to propelling (right-handed thread in structure, the anticlockwise of screw thread rotation, advance water forward), volume supercharging by compression.As with in compression ratio=import first pitch, the spatial volume S1 ÷ of screw thread exports in the last pitch, the spatial volume S2 of screw thread.When compression ratio is between 1.1 ~ 1.2, be relatively suitable for the supercharging of this pump, for ship hydraulic jet propulsion.Larger compression ratio, pump discharge pressure will be higher, but power consumpiton is also larger.When for gas compression, pressure ratio will increase (front the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches, the screw pump pressure maximum stated can reach 200 barometric pressure, and this helical rotor pump is used for ship water spray, and pressure requirements is not high, about 5 to 10 barometric pressure).Apparent this supercharging is that single axial-flow pump cannot realize, and is traditional propeller or external the most state-of-the art " high-effect propeller cavitation ", institute be difficult to obtain extremely effectively, reliable supercharging!
3.3 marine pumps want large discharge and especially big flow, and this can borrow major diameter sleeve and large screw rod, and less slenderness ratio and large screw pitch (multiple thread is better) obtain.Screw thread effective total length ÷ outer screw diameter on slenderness ratio=screw rod.This place application slenderness ratio, gets about 1.2 ~ 1.5.Too big L/D ratio need not, add machining.Usual big L/D ratio is for the synthesis of fabric screw rod extrusion press, it is long that polymer heat melts route, mix, as polypropylene fiber spinning, get slenderness ratio 32: 1, namely length is 32 times more than of diameter, it is very long that heat melts route, divide feeding zone, compressing area, homogenize district, I has transplanted compressing area principle, for this pump.This displacement pump is compressible air also, forms the air cushion of Hovercraft, at this moment just should select larger slenderness ratio.With large screw pitch or multiple thread, water inlet is very fast, and the time of water in screw sleeve is short, and flow just increases, and delivery pressure is corresponding reduction also.But saying as American side, ship is not high to the pressure requirements of hydraulic jet propulsion, and this pump can reach completely.This pump suction capacity, first need not fill drinking-water as centrifugal pump before namely starting.It is outstanding advantages that ship can depart rapidly because screw pump is the stronger suction capacity of volume pump! As used axial-flow pump separately, first with drinking-water, could must start, extremely unfavorable ship departs rapidly; Or whole axial-flow pump is all imbedded in water, but adds trouble to the input of transmission.
3.4 due to the pump of two kinds of different operating principles, and optimum organization carries water in same sleeve, and current, first through the impeller of axial-flow pump, obtain initial kinetic energy, are then sent to screw pump repressurize, and screw pump is worked under the larger back pressure of acquisition, and conveying capacity improves greatly.The former flow should be a bit larger tham the latter, and about about 10%, because the former is non-displacement pump, inflow-rate of water turbine can reflux, but the unnecessary leeway of flow is too many, must cause the waste of the energy.Two kinds of pump runners (referring to the impeller of axial-flow pump and the screw rod of screw pump), can individually load in the pump housing, on the position of installing separately, under identical rotating speed, survey out pump duty.The flow getting screw pump is the normal flow of goods, and to change the blade quantity of axial-flow pump to change pitch t, also can change width of blade b, namely b/t ratio is called that " section grid density " has changed; Change the blade arrangement angles θ of wheel, namely " section grid " inclination angle changes.In a word, flow matches is very important, the pump that same external form is all identical with Inner Dimension, and only because of flow matches quality, efficiency will be not identical.Except carrying out Design calcu-lation with reference to aforementioned " braking torque theory and wing theory ", be mostly do the real examination of several axial-flow pump impellers more, and conscientiously test and record, analyzes and contrast.Ford Motor of U.S. enterprise founders Ford is said: " do our this line, except test, do not have better way "!
The present invention seeks to be realized by following extremely simple structure: on the downside of the large sleeve of a horizontal positioned, be welded with support; In large sleeve, front and back all arrange bearing pack and corresponding Sealing, for supporting middle transmission shaft.Axle splits " singe screw of the impeller+screw pump of axial-flow pump " pole just to dismantle, its external diameter and hub internal bore be very accurate, accurately match, namely stay gap little and even, to reach high fluid transfer efficiency, this will lean on appropriate design and good manufacturability to ensure.Sleeve rear side has water inlet.This hole is near the rear bearing group of power input side, and the another side in hole and the impeller of axial-flow pump are pressed close to very much, are convenient to into water.The externally connected pipe of water inlet, extends hull bottom vertically downward, is sucted by water.For anti-foreign material suck, the centre of water inlet externally connected pipe, is provided with the net be convenient to fast dismantling opening or cleaning and washed.Namely with " the fast dismantling clamping " split, by means of the connecting hinge on dismounting folder and bolt-locking power, by ramp effect, in clamping on lower linking tube, the flange plate on tool inclined-plane, and be positioned at middle filter screen.When unclamping lock bolt, filter screen can level take out.
The rear bearing group of above-mentioned power input side is by large flange dish, accurately connects with the large flange dish of large sleeve rear end.Rear bearing group, is combined by plane bearing and several ball (roller) bearings and forms, so as to bear screw pump produce larger end thrust, and the radial force that transmission shaft torsional moment produces.With several balls (roller) bearing, make structure more reliable, because transmission shaft is very long, bearing cannot be set up again again in centre.For waterproof enters bearing chamber, there are sealing cover and rubber seal in inner side.Outside rear bearing group circular shell, cover has back poppet, and whole pump intactly fills belowdecks by it and the support acting in conjunction of welding on the downside of large sleeve.
Fore bearing group is near the screw front end of screw pump.By the garden ring outside the fore bearing shell of entirety, and connect several straight muscle of garden ring and bearing case, fore bearing shell is located, too much resistance can not be caused to current again.Vertical bar muscle, need not be too much with 3 ~ 5, and the cross section of muscle is narrow along water (flow) direction, and make circle or tip.Because it is in current at a high speed, certain power can be consumed.Within fore bearing shell, be equipped with bearing pack, and be provided with seal arrangement.Overall fore bearing shell, benefit is: machining accuracy is very high, namely under clamped one time, the central bore of processing great Wai garden and installation bearing, the coaxial precision of a guaranteeing precision workpiece that takes this opportunity.In addition, large cover tube length endoporus, be also, in once mounting, machine, thus, install the large endoporus of fore bearing shell, endoporus whole with large sleeve, has very high concentricity.
The large flange dish external diameter of rear bearing group, with the endoporus of large sleeve rear face end, precision-fit, reaches location.Because of the external diameter of large flange dish in rear bearing group, with the hole of dress bearing, be also, under clamped one time, machine, concentricity is very high.Aforementioned is a machining accuracy chain, finally ensures the highi degree of accuracy that pump is installed to be applicable to High Rotation Speed.
Large sleeve foremost, is the water pipe adapter of cone with being threaded one.: because of between it and large hub internal bore, without the requirement of coaxality to be thus allowablely threaded by the benefit be threaded; Again because there being such the splitting " fast dismantling clamping " of similar inlet tube between garden Taper Pipe joint and output tube, by means of the connecting hinge on dismounting folder and bolt-locking power, by ramp effect, the flange plate on the upper tool inclined-plane of adapter before and after clamping.When unclamping lock bolt, i.e. rotatable garden Taper Pipe joint, makes rubber seal between sealing surface compress.That is: it is complement one another that outlet pipe joint screw thread connects with " fast dismantling clamping ", must can rotate in installing, just reach convenient and install.
Usually, left and right respectively fills a playscript with stage directions pump in ship, produces two strands of parallel jets.Turn off a pump (or turning to outer spray), balance loses, and ship can turn to, and saves steering wheel.This pump can with being at a high speed the advantage of the most giving prominence to motor direct connection (front the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches states screw pump individually up to 10000 revs/min).This pump screw rod is excellent plastics, and light specific gravity, rotary inertia are little, are more suitable for ultra high speed.This pump rotational noise is extremely low, and integral installation is in hull again, is highly advantageous to and is used in submarine class, has specific characteristics on battleship that require, good concealment to noise.This pump is compressible air also, and form the air cushion of Hovercraft, its structure will according to the characteristic of gas, and corresponding change slenderness ratio, compression ratio also should have standby platform in ship.
Four, accompanying drawing explanation
4.1 pump overall structures as shown in Figure 1.In figure, (8) are large sleeve, it is welded with fore poppet f, intake pipe g, rear large flange dish a, sleeve front portion is welded with expansion tube e, and upside is welded with Butterworth Hatch b, pipe coupling c and d, blank is through annealing in process then machining, the endoporus that in sleeve, two sizes are different completes under clamped one time, and coaxial (heart) spends high, be epochmaking reference for installation, namely ensure the installation precision of front and back bearings group.
The external form of 4.2 rear bearing groups is rounded, inside has many bearings (4), and for installing transmission shaft (1), rear bearing group housing (3), with large flange, with large flange a on sleeve, by the accurate location of interior step, links up.There are bearing seal cover (5) and rubber oil sea in its inner side.There is back poppet (2) in its outside.Because hole and the flange step of installing bearing pack (4) process in clamped one time, concentricity is high, ensures that axle has very high installation essence, is applicable to High Rotation Speed.
Many bearings (12) are had in 4.3 fore bearing groups, for installing transmission shaft (1), fore bearing group housing (11) is rounded, its maximum outside diameter embeds the Internal hole positioning that sleeve front portion is welded with expansion tube e, its central bore is for placing bearing, its interior edge face is furnished with bearing cap (10), for anti-hydropexis rubber seal, and its front end spherically integral sealing.Because its maximum outside diameter and bearing hole, be process under clamped one time, concentricity is high, ensures that fore bearing supports driven off by shaft highi degree of accuracy.Cartridge housing hollows out outward, and only leave several muscle, water supply flows through, and resistance is little.
4.4 transmission shafts (1) the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches is accurate by front and back bearings group, reliably support, just can the screw rod (9) of device axial-flow pump impeller (7) and screw pump on axle, mixes key.The endoporus of axial-flow pump impeller is greater than the screw rod endoporus of screw pump, convenient disassembly.Because in test, make the pump impeller of many different parameters, repetition test, dismounting must be quick.Product export will give several pump impeller easily damaged partss more.The screw rod of screw pump is novel plastic, and overall car becomes, and endoporus joins axle, can single head also multiple thread.Address design and flow matches front the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches, no longer repeat herein.
4.5 said structures can enter assembling the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches, and method is: two fills.First outside sleeve, back is installed, comprises the screw rod of complete rear bearing assembly, axial-flow pump impeller, screw pump, only coordinates with fore bearing one grade of foremost empty, then within overall immigration hub internal bore, large flange joint bolt is loaded onto.And then, by the fore bearing assembly of the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches through assembling, move into axle head neutral gear place, maximum outside diameter embeds in the endoporus of sleeve front portion.Obviously, assemble so, successful precondition is that relevant counterpart concentricity wants high, precision is good, and the tolerance numerical value of cooperation can not tension simultaneously.In a word, certain difficulty is had.Back poppet (2) is inserted in rear bearing package shell, tightens with screw.Pump entirety obtains reliable supporting.
4.6, after completing above-mentioned " two dress ", carry out detecting and preliminary operation, and then by the screwed tight of coniform outlet connection (13), middle rubber seal are compressed, water-tight.Finally, intake pipe (17) outlet pipe (15) is connected.Two pipe locking methods are identical, are all to borrow semi-ring and inclined-plane, by the inclined-plane clamping on link.
On the upside of 4.7 sleeves, also have upper cover (6), for cleaning, same semi-ring and inclined-plane, by the inclined-plane clamping on link.Weldment c is used for connecting " moisture trap ", is got rid of by denier air contained in water, the destruction of cavitation-preventive.Weldment d is for connecting pressure gauge and playing overflow effect, and by " mechatronics ", the rotating speed of control pump, flow, pressure, by data feedback to motor.Certain sleeve also can be established the interface etc. of flow meters, reach Automated condtrol.
Shown in accompanying drawing 2, it is the schematic diagram for independent screw pump.Namely removed the impeller of axial-flow pump, and made the screw rod of screw pump lengthen simultaneously, directly extended the top of water intake, namely form independent screw pump.This screw rod is large pitch, bull, and in full stand of thread L3, the spiral shell root of L2 is from depth to shallow, for water supercharging, and the degree of depth of spiral shell root before this, is etc. dark extend to starting point after screw thread.Water, by the propelling in bull large pitch screw rod Deng Shen district, then enters within sleeve, and by propelling and the compression of the screw thread that shoals gradually, its principle is similar to " axial-flow pump+screw pump ".But bull, very large pitch does not wait again dark, and mechanical processing difficulty is large, and to common mechanical, factory has any problem.In addition, remove screw rod shown in Fig. 1, axial-flow pump separately, and make the wheel blade width of axial-flow pump broaden, flatten simultaneously, namely elongate the impeller of axial-flow pump.This wide impeller, makes the time lengthening that current are advanced, and namely giving water larger kinetic energy, is the excellent mutation of marine propeller, even if rotating speed is not high can obtain large fltting speed yet.Because its figure from Fig. 1, can remove screw rod, need not repeat to draw.Very large space is reserved after dismounting, can for the wide impeller of installation.About the design of wide wheel blade, carry out Design calcu-lation with reference to " braking torque theory and wing theory ".
Five, embodiment
Two kinds of different pump optimum organizations, should know the secondary from the primary in enforcement, screw pump is main, and axial-flow pump is secondary, and namely the running parameter of screw pump will determine this pump characteristics parameter, as: flow, pressure, power, efficiency etc.; And axial-flow pump is only required that flow is a bit larger tham screw pump about 10%, make water obtain initial kinetic energy, pressure is not made excessive demands.Because screw pump has enough abilities to carry out supercharging.Just be not difficult after establishing this dominant ideas to implement.
The present by reference to the accompanying drawings 1, to screw pump pump testing determination parameter: screw thread selects single head, major diameter of thread D
3=160mm, lead of screw thread n=80mm, the wide m=8mm of spiral shell rib, the effective active length L of screw thread
2=`200mm, root footpath, screw thread ingress d=65mm, root footpath, threaded outlet place d
2=85mm, can obtain thread root angle of inclination beta=3 degree.Can obtain this screw compression than about 1.15 according to these parameters, namely flow through screw rod, water volume is by strong compression, and pressure rises strongly, not high to hydraulic demand, and compression ratio can reduce, favourable energy-conservation.The volume V1=1208cm of screw rod first segment
3, under revolution speed is 1500 revs/min, theoretical delivery Q=1.8 cube m/min.The present establishes axial-flow pump can increase 30% screw pump inhalation flow, then theoretical delivery Qa=1.8 × 1.3=2.34 cube m/min, the present get 2.2 cubic metres/be divided into and in fact can reach.The present sets pressure as 5 kg/cm, under 1500 revs/min, and pump theoretical power (horse-power) N=10PQ/60 × 75=10 × 5 × 2.2 × 1000/60 × 75=25 horsepower.When rotating speed rises to 3000 revs/min, the horsepower that Ying Peigeng is large, flow about 4.4 cubes ms/min.
Modern import caliber D1=120mm, outlet caliber D
4=100mm, tube section S
4=78.5cm
2, when pressure is 5 kg/cm, the thrust F=425 kilogram that spout can produce.As left and right respectively fills one in ship, the raw thrust 850 kilograms of common property.Consider various factors by the U.S side, propose thrust weight ratio and get 1: 5, then this small-scale test pump two, lab scale on nearly 4 tons of ships can be contained in.There is provided according to another Zhao Zhijia, fighter cruises thrust weight ratio 1: 4, is whether the modern ship that is used for got 1: 5 excessive?
The present estimates the speed of a ship or plane again: the flow velocity first asking outlet spouts, assuming that jet pipe no longer shrinks bore, improves exit velocity.S
4=78.5cm
2=0.00785m
2, flow Qa=2.2 cube m/min=0.037 cube of meter per second, V=Qa/S4=0.037/0.00785=4.7 meter per second=282 m/min=17 kilometers/time.Show that the speed of a ship or plane is low, injection pipe should be borrowed to shrink and improve the speed of a ship or plane.Assuming that spout is contracted to ￠ 80mm. then S4=50.24cm 2=0.005m
2, V=Qa/S4=0.037/0.005=7.4 meter per second=444 m/min=26.6 kilometers/time.At this moment the speed of a ship or plane is tried to achieve under 1500 revs/min, and when revolution speed rises to 3000 revs/min, the speed of a ship or plane reaches 30 joints.Certain speed of a ship or plane faster, revolution speed will be higher, and this pump can adapt to ultra high speed fortunately.Front the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches is stated, and introduce by books data, indivedual screw pump rotating speed is up to 10000 revs/min.This to rely on pump structure appropriate design and technology capability good, and manufacture the screw rod of axial-flow pump impeller and screw pump with lightweight, excellent material.Screw rod because of this pump is with high performance plastics, proportion 1.15 is only one of 1/6.8 of steel, lower rotary inertia is not very big at a high speed, dynamic balance calibration is carried out again after assembling, thus very applicable high speed and ultra high speed rotate, expect can with U.S.'s high speed engine (it is introduced up to 6000 revs/min) direct connection, to improve the property indices of pump.
Combine aforementioned, except the innovative design of endeavouring structure above, make outside the extremely simple applicable high speed again of this pump structure, material selection is also very crucial.High-speed craft requires to alleviate deadweight, and upper hull adopts corrosion resistance aluminum alloy, and the hydrofoil only having requirement of strength high, lower body and lamellar body just select stainless steel, thus also have requirement strict equally to selecting of this material pump.In addition, reduce noise also very crucial, because of this pump self high performance plastics screw rod, there is no large noise source, external employing " the great Ye low speed screw oar of low noise " on submarine can be replaced.Because of in the design of this pump structure, not by the restriction of any size, huge large pump can be produced, mix horsepower high speed engine up to ten thousand for large ship, by means of the efficiency of displacement pump, comparable vortex class pump exceeds the huge advantage of a times, given full play to, reached significantly energy-conservation.Adopt this pump and high speed engine (being up to 6000 revs/min) direct connection, than former employing slow spin oar (the highest be no more than 300 revs/min), exceed 20 times more than, can speed reducer etc. be saved, not only favourable lightweight improves the speed of a ship or plane, and cost also certainly will greatly reduce.High-speed craft hydraulic jet propulsion, can stepless change, stay boat and fall boat, even can cast, usually use the two spray of two-shipper, save steering wheel, equal to " in water helicopter ", be suitable for military use.
This pump belongs to displacement pump, may be used for air compressing, is Hovercraft, supply source of the gas.At this moment the slenderness ratio of screw rod can strengthen, the compression of favourable gas.After source of the gas exports, first store through holding vessel, tank is provided with pressure regulator valve, ensures with steady pressure, for formed hull bottom large size air cushion frequent, supplement timely, occupant just feels seaworthiness.More have holding vessel to intake, hull certainly will omit dive (will balance sinking before and after hull), at this moment ship still hydraulic jet propulsion, for military affairs, can play better, the more advantage of this pump.Making by the pump of aforementioned data, all be unable to do without test!
Want to improve the speed of a ship or plane further again, reach ultra high speed ship, by no means easy, be the focus of each developed country of world competition, belong to one of emerging strategic industries! ! Science superstar Qian Xuesen is said: " from thought angle, research-on-research always from one guess, be then only scientific appraisal.In other words, research-on-research comes from thinking in images, finally logical thinking." I just will oneself long campaigns synthetic fiber equipment de-sign, produce and the screw extruder applied in food production; inter-trade introduction water jet pump peculiar to vessel; add the axial-flow pump extremely extensively adopted external the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches; optimum organization reaches the innovation; wherein many hydraulics theories are difficult to get on to seek from ready-made books, thus can only make many assumed condition in person." from a guess, be then only scientific appraisal ", cast a brick to attract jade!
Be applicable to again at a high speed because this pump structure is extremely simple, it is desirable to not belong to and be limited to marine pump water jetting apparatus, also also can obtain application in the occasion of other all multipurposepumps, reach efficiently generally energy-conservation.
The title of each part shown in accompanying drawing 1 and 2: (1) transmission shaft; (2) rear branching holder; (3) rear bearing group housing; (4) rear bearing group; (5) rear bearing sealing cover and oil sealing; (6) cleaning cover assembly; (7) axial-flow pump impeller and key; (8) sleeve; (9) screw rod of screw pump and key; (10) front bearing retainer and rubber seal; (11) front solid bearing shell connects large outer ring and runner; (12) fore bearing group; (13) coniform outlet connection; (14) hinged semi-ring miter joint clamp assembly; (15) externally connected pipe; (16) filter screen; (17) intake pipe; (18) hinged semi-ring miter joint clamp assembly.Diagram axial-flow pump leaf and screw rod all in dextrorotation spiral shell, left-handed can inspiration water.In figure, the power of axial-flow pump and screw pump is decomposed, draw corresponding coordinate.From A-A section, (11) front solid bearing shell connects large outer ring, only has several muscle in a fluid, and its d
3be slightly less than d
2, namely can not cause excessive resistance.
Shown in accompanying drawing 2, distinguish be to remove axial-flow pump impeller with structure shown in accompanying drawing 1, make the screw rod (9) of bull large screw pitch into, screw thread extends the upside of water intake, can more effectively utilize space limited in pump, also will extend forward for air compressor screw rod.
Claims (6)
1. a structure for efficient axial-flow screw rod optimum organization pump peculiar to vessel, its technical characteristics is:
A, whole pump external form are cylindrically, the large sleeve of horizontal arrangement is the assembly of pump, support and intake pipe is had on the downside of large sleeve, large flange dish is had on rear side of large sleeve, for the rear bearing assembly of joint transmission, by arranging large crossette on front side of large sleeve, this crossette built-in fore bearing assembly and conical titting water outlet;
Have overhanging transmission shaft in b, large sleeve, this transmission shaft, through rear bearing assembly, obtains rear support and sealing; Its front end, through fore bearing assembly, obtains supporting and sealing;
C, on transmission shaft, be provided with and be close to the axial-flow pump impeller of coaxial transmission and the screw rod of screw pump, both coordinate with large the dynamic of hub internal bore precision by external diameter, under the driving of power, vertically absorb water from hull bottom, impeller first through axial-flow pump obtains initial kinetic energy, then screw pump is delivered to, more powerful supercharging, form " axial-flow pump+helical rotor pump ", level sprays, for ship high speed operation;
D or this unipump is used as independent screw pump, namely remove the impeller of axial-flow pump, and utilize the space above Pump Suction Nozzle simultaneously, screw rod is lengthened, and thus water obtain initial kinetic energy, improves effect of pump;
C or dismounting screw rod, and make the wheel blade of axial-flow pump broaden, flatten simultaneously, namely elongate the impeller of axial-flow pump, become built-in propeller cavitation;
The screw rod technical characteristics of f, this unipump: single screw rod, single head or bull, borrow and wait large screw pitch, the degree of depth of screw thread shoals gradually and reaches supercharging; Or with etc. dark Unequal distance supercharging, make the volume of inlet side, be a bit larger tham the volume of outlet side, water by the propelling of screw thread rotation, volume compression and supercharging, at a high speed and obtain large discharge, large promotion energy under ultra high speed;
J, this pump provide variable element to have for optimal design: the change of the change of sleeve screw diameter, the slenderness ratio of screw rod and compression ratio, the head number of screw thread and the change of helical pitch, on spiral shell rib thickness and thread cross-section, the change of anterior angle and relief angle, all will directly affect the transportation performance of screw rod; In addition, the wheel blade of axial-flow pump is made to broaden, flatten, namely the impeller of axial-flow pump is elongated, become novel built-in high-performance airscrew, can by braking torque theory and wing theory, optimal design is discussed in two aspects, change the tool face angle of blade, change the density of section grid, the width of change foliar element and width, to length, all affect theoretical head.
2. the structure of a kind of axial flow screw rod optimum organization pump peculiar to vessel according to claim 1, screw rod adopts plastic screw.
3. the structure of a kind of axial flow screw rod optimum organization pump peculiar to vessel according to claim 2, when the two spray in left and right, saves steering wheel.
4. the structure of a kind of axial flow screw rod optimum organization pump peculiar to vessel according to claim 3, this unipump can be used for air compressor, is Hovercraft, and supply source of the gas, slenderness ratio, the compression ratio of screw rod should strengthen, and are beneficial to supercharging.
5. the structure of a kind of axial flow screw rod optimum organization pump peculiar to vessel according to claim 4, is used for Hovercraft by gas holder, changes the purposes water inlet of gas holder, makes ship dive, hidden advance of still spraying water.
6. the structure of a kind of axial flow screw rod optimum organization pump peculiar to vessel according to claim 5, this unipump external dimension and match power, unrestricted, can be made into huge pump, match with large-tonnage ship; Difference traditional propeller, must in ship in-site installation, as long as this unipump integral hoisting, connect inlet/outlet pipe.
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| CN102486169B true CN102486169B (en) | 2015-06-03 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103671007A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-03-26 | 黄山工业泵制造有限公司 | Displacement centrifugal pump |
| CN103950528B (en) * | 2014-04-10 | 2017-04-05 | 湖北三江船艇科技有限公司 | Axial-flow water jet propulsion pump |
| WO2015172371A1 (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2015-11-19 | 广州华力新能源发展有限公司 | Single-screw pump and wind water-pumping system using single-screw pump |
| CN104806468A (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2015-07-29 | 北京航科发动机控制系统科技有限公司 | Coaxial integral high-and-low-pressure pump and processing method thereof |
| CN106014975B (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2018-02-27 | 江苏大学 | A kind of cantilevered twin-screw water jet propulsion pump |
| CN107100836A (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2017-08-29 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of Unitary Impeller is pressurized three screw pump |
| CN109969367B (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2024-04-05 | 汪一平 | Spindle shaft vortex vane type vector propulsion device for ship |
| CN112278215B (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2023-08-22 | 北京蔚蓝集智科技有限公司 | Water spraying propulsion device and water spraying propulsion method and application thereof |
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| GB1335845A (en) * | 1971-05-19 | 1973-10-31 | Mackenzie W | Axial screw type marine impeller combining axial flow with centrifugal throw |
| CN1629036A (en) * | 2003-12-16 | 2005-06-22 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Superconductive magnetic fluid marine propeller |
| CN1755120A (en) * | 2004-10-01 | 2006-04-05 | LOTVacuum株式会社 | Composite dry vacuum pump having roots rotor and screw rotor |
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| DK200000278U4 (en) * | 2000-09-20 | 2002-01-11 | Apv Fluid Handling Horsens As | Hygienic self-priming centrifugal pump. |
| CN1208178C (en) * | 2000-09-28 | 2005-06-29 | 贝斯托夫有限公司 | Screw extruder and gear pump arrangement for highly viscous media |
| FR2825679B1 (en) * | 2001-06-06 | 2003-09-19 | Technicatome | HYDROJET NACELLE SHIP PROPELLER DRIVEN BY A HOLLOW ELECTRIC MOTOR |
| JP2006132417A (en) * | 2004-11-05 | 2006-05-25 | Toshiba Tec Corp | Pump |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1335845A (en) * | 1971-05-19 | 1973-10-31 | Mackenzie W | Axial screw type marine impeller combining axial flow with centrifugal throw |
| CN1629036A (en) * | 2003-12-16 | 2005-06-22 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Superconductive magnetic fluid marine propeller |
| CN1755120A (en) * | 2004-10-01 | 2006-04-05 | LOTVacuum株式会社 | Composite dry vacuum pump having roots rotor and screw rotor |
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