CN102485776A - 一种纤维素改性体的制作方法 - Google Patents

一种纤维素改性体的制作方法 Download PDF

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CN102485776A
CN102485776A CN2010105795882A CN201010579588A CN102485776A CN 102485776 A CN102485776 A CN 102485776A CN 2010105795882 A CN2010105795882 A CN 2010105795882A CN 201010579588 A CN201010579588 A CN 201010579588A CN 102485776 A CN102485776 A CN 102485776A
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cellulose
making method
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forcing machine
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朱秀刚
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/04—Particle-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92514—Pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/9258—Velocity
    • B29C2948/9259—Angular velocity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92704—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92876—Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
    • B29C2948/92885—Screw or gear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92876—Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
    • B29C2948/92895—Barrel or housing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92923—Calibration, after-treatment or cooling zone

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种纤维素改性体的制作方法。利用本方法可使植物纤维素机械物理干法改性，显著降低能耗，提高产量，降低成本，本发明通过下述技术方案予以实现；将含纤维植物晒干、粉碎到30目-50目，和添加剂、润滑剂或碱酸予处理纤维素一并在高速混合机中混合，混合物进入混合物进入具有强剪切、强磨擦、并产生高温高压的膨化挤出机挤出，使物料在常压下快速失压，再用研磨机研磨成细粉得到纤维素改性。

Description

一种纤维素改性体的制作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种纤维素改性体的制作方法，具体说涉及一种植物纤维改性的制作方法。
背景技术
目前，得到纤维素改性体的方法主要采用酯化醚化的化学湿法改性方法，造成纤维素化工行业存在高能耗，试剂用量大，污染环境，产物性能不稳定，成本高。
用机械物理方法获得纤维素改性体被学术界论定：“迄今为止尚未找到对植物纤维熔融加工的适当方法”。(2006年出版《天然高分子改性材料及应用》第19页)
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的缺点，提供一种利用多种机械应力和高温高压后失压相结合制造纤维素改性体的生产方法。利用本方法不但可实现干法生产，还可显著简化工艺，提高产量、节约能耗、降低成本。改性后的纤维素不仅可用于食品、装潢、造纸等传统行业使用，还可以和塑料、生物降解塑性材料共混挤出生产植物纤维基降解塑料及制品。
1、本发明通过下述技术方案予以实现；把含纤维植物晒、烘干，用切碎机切碎再用粉碎机粉碎，并和添加剂、润滑剂或碱酸预处理纤维素，一并在高速混合机中混合，混合物进入具有强剪切、强磨擦、并产生高温高压的膨化挤出机挤出，使物料在常压下快速失压，再用研磨机研磨成细粉得到纤维素改性。
2、所述的含纤维植物晒、烘、切碎、粉碎后的纤维素含水量最好为10％-15％。
3、所述的利用切碎机、粉碎机、高速混合机、强剪切、强磨擦的膨化挤出机，研磨机几种机械运动产生的机械能应力使植物纤维改变物理和化学性质，实现干法物理改性的目的，膨化挤出机转速最好控制在200-350转/分。
4、所述的高速混合时应添加润滑剂、添加剂，其中润滑剂有单甘脂3-5％、植物蜡2-3％，添加剂为硬脂酸钙1-3％。也可对纤维素进行预处理，还需加入碱溶液4％混合后，存放2天以上再用酸溶液混合中和。再和单甘脂、植物蜡、硬脂酸钙一并高速混合。
5、所述的纤维素混合料在挤出机机体内产生高温、高压，是锣杆的锣槽设计有封筋，使植物纤维素挤出时受阻，产生压力，(10±5兆泊)机膛电加热和磨擦自发热结合产生温度，温度控制在100-170，机膛预热温度70-120℃，挤出后在常压的自然环境中突然失压。
6、所述的膨化挤出机的锣杆、锣套都有双锣槽、双锣纹，且二者呈相反方向。锣杆旋转将纤维素挤出过程中和锣套反方向锣纹形成剪切、磨擦。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对发明作进一步的描述。
实例1
把含纤维植物——杂草，晒、烘干，含水量15％以下，经切碎、粉碎至30目-50目的细度，进入高速混合机并加入滑润剂单甘脂3-5％、植物蜡2-3％、添加剂为硬脂酸钙1-3％一并混合后，倒入预热90-120℃膨化挤出机中，进行强剪切、强磨擦，产生高温高压后挤出，在常压下快速失压，挤出纤维素混合料，再用研磨机细磨得到需要细度的纤维素改性体。
实例2
把含纤维植物——桔杆，晒、烘干，含水量15％以下，经切碎、粉碎至30目-50目的细度，加入碱稀释剂溶液4％混合，存放2天以上，再和盐酸溶液混合，PH值中和后，加入滑润剂单甘脂3-5％、植物蜡2-3％，添加剂为硬脂酸钙1-3％，一并高速混合。混合料再倒入强磨擦、强剪切的膨化挤出机内，运行产生高温高压后挤出，在常压下快速失压，挤出的纤维素混合料，再用研磨机细磨得到纤维素改性体。

Claims (6)

1.一种纤维素改性体的制作方法。把含纤维植物晒、烘干，用切碎机切碎再用粉碎机粉碎，并和添加剂、润滑剂或碱酸预处理纤维素，一并在高速混合机中混合，混合物进入具有强剪切、强磨擦、并产生高温高压的膨化挤出机挤出，使物料在常压下快速失压，再用研磨机研磨成细粉得到纤维素改性。
2.根据权利要求书1所述的纤维素改性体的制作方法，其特征是含纤维植物晒、烘、切碎、粉碎后的纤维素含水量最好为10％-15％。
3.根据权利要求书1所述的纤维素改性体的制作方法，其特征是利用切碎机、粉碎机、高速混合机、强剪切、强磨擦的膨化挤出机，研磨机几种机械运动产生的机械能应力使植物纤维改变物理和化学性质，实现干法物理改性的目的，膨化挤出机转速最好控制在200-350转/分。
4.根据权利要求书1所述的纤维素改性体的制作方法，其特征是高速混合时应添加润滑剂、添加剂，其中润滑剂有单甘脂3-5％、植物蜡2-3％，添加剂为硬脂酸钙1-3％。也可对纤维素进行预处理，还需加入碱溶液4％混合后，存放2天以上再用酸溶液混合中和。再和单甘脂、植物蜡、硬脂酸钙一并高速混合。
5.根据权利要求书1所述的纤维素改性体的制作方法，其特征是纤维素混合料在挤出机机体内产生高温、高压，是锣杆的锣槽设计有封筋，使植物纤维素挤出时受阻，产生压力，(10±5兆泊)机膛电加热和磨擦自发热结合产生温度，温度控制在100-170，机膛预热温度70-120℃，挤出后在常压的自然环境中突然失压。
6.根据权利要求书1所述的纤维素改性体的制作方法，其特征是膨化挤出机的锣杆、锣套都有双锣槽、双锣纹，且二者呈相反方向。锣杆旋转将纤维素挤出过程中和锣套反方向锣纹形成剪切、磨擦。
CN2010105795882A 2010-12-01 2010-12-01 一种纤维素改性体的制作方法 Pending CN102485776A (zh)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107880287A (zh) * 2017-11-01 2018-04-06 南京林业大学 一种植物纤维原料的塑化方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1139519A (zh) * 1995-07-06 1997-01-08 张德才 纤维性饲料加工工艺及挤压膨化机
US20030225206A1 (en) * 2002-05-31 2003-12-04 Lee Tae-Jung Process of producing highly homogeneous cellulose solution
CN101579897A (zh) * 2008-02-02 2009-11-18 朱秀刚 一种植物纤维制品的生产方法
CN101715832A (zh) * 2009-11-09 2010-06-02 国家粮食局科学研究院 一种食用豆改性营养粉及营养饮料的制备方法

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1139519A (zh) * 1995-07-06 1997-01-08 张德才 纤维性饲料加工工艺及挤压膨化机
US20030225206A1 (en) * 2002-05-31 2003-12-04 Lee Tae-Jung Process of producing highly homogeneous cellulose solution
CN101579897A (zh) * 2008-02-02 2009-11-18 朱秀刚 一种植物纤维制品的生产方法
CN101715832A (zh) * 2009-11-09 2010-06-02 国家粮食局科学研究院 一种食用豆改性营养粉及营养饮料的制备方法

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107880287A (zh) * 2017-11-01 2018-04-06 南京林业大学 一种植物纤维原料的塑化方法

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Application publication date: 20120606