CN102484346B - A monolithic, side pumped solid-state laser and applications thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A monolithic, side pumped solid-state laser (1) comprising a laser resonator structure (3) comprised of a laser gain medium (2) having a longitudinal axis (L), wherein the laser resonator structure (3) comprises end faces (4) forming a linear optical path resonant cavity there between, at least one of the end faces (4) comprising at least partially reflecting laser mirrors (4a, 4b) in particular deposited thereon, the laser gain medium (2) comprising a side face (2a) for receiving pump light (5a) of a pump source (5), wherein the pump light (5a) is generated by a diode laser (5), and comprising a conductive cooler (6) comprising contact faces (6c) contacting the laser gain medium (2), and comprising a reflector (7) arranged opposite to the side face (2a) with respect to the longitudinal axis (L), wherein the laser gain medium (2) is a low gain material.

Description

The solid-state laser of monolithic profile pump and application thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to the solid-state laser of monolithic profile pump.The invention still further relates to the method for the solid-state laser for operating monolithic profile pump.The invention still further relates to therapeutic system.

Background technology

The application of diode-pumped laser is developed, particularly in industry, medical treatment and Military Application.Diode-pumped laser is particularly useful, this is because diode pumping power-efficient, all solid state and long service life.Compared with similar flash lamp pumping solid-state laser, these cause gentlier, more effectively and the Optical Maser System of typically anhydrous cooling.

Usually, end pumping or the configuration of profile pump solid-state laser are known.Q switching laser or monolithic laser are such as in U.S. Patent No. 5, the configuration of the configuration described in 394,413,5,381,431,5,495,494,5,651,023 and 6,373,864 B1.Among other things, the shortcoming of such design is about the quantitative limitation of maximum impulse energy.In addition, Q switching laser can a pulse that the generation duration is very short.

U.S. Patent No. 6,219,361 B1 and 6,377,593 B1 describe profile pump design, and wherein, beam path takes inner zig-zag path, and such design extends the pulse duration and adds manufacture difficulty and cost.

In diode side pumped geometry, gain media is bar or flat board normally.Dull and stereotyped geometry is normally used in such Optical Maser System conductively cooled, and wherein, dull and stereotyped side is attached to radiator (thermal heat sink), and opposite face is for introducing pump light.Profile pump flat board can adopt various technology, such as utilizes so-called " sawtooth " light path, such as, disclosed in US 2007/0060917 Fig. 2.But, cause due to strict optics tolerance sawtooth flat board to be difficult to manufacture, therefore compared with through type Planar Board Examples, be more difficult to a large amount of production, thus produce costly.

Document WO2004/034523 discloses solid-state laser that is a kind of monolithic profile pump, passive Q-switched, anhydrous cooling, it comprises laser resonator structure, and comprise gain medium, this gain medium has and is attached to passive Q-switched output face.Gain media has the side for receiving pump light.This pump light is produced by diode laser array.A shortcoming of this solid-state laser is that average power is limited.Another shortcoming of this solid-state laser is that thermal effect improves during operation.In addition, Q switching laser can a pulse that the generation duration is very short.

Document US 2007/0060917 discloses MIR (in-infrared) diode side pumped solid-state laser in Fig. 1 b and 2a, and it comprises wherein can the laser resonator structure of transmitting gain switching pulse.An advantage of this solid-state laser is the power limited of the laser produced and low.

Document US 6,366,596 B1 discloses diode side pumped OPO laser, among other things, its generation MIR (in-infrared) radiation.Although can carry out tuning to wavelength in the wide region in MIR wavelength region may, but the shortcoming of such laser is the shortest pulse duration in one or two digital nanosecond region has high power density (intensity), if or laser pulse length is in microsecond region, then laser pulse intensity is very low.In addition, such laser is very complicated, needs the optical element with various optical coating, therefore very expensive.Another shortcoming is, such laser is not firm for shock and vibration, and a large amount of critical components adds the possibility of thrashing.

Document US 5,642,370, US 5,643,252, US 5,868,731, US 5,908,416, US 5,947,957, US 6,251,102 B1 and US 6,395,000 B1 disclose in-the profile pump solid-state laser of infrared wavelength region work.Usually, such solid-state laser is used for biological tissue's ablation (ablation).Some in these lasers are battery powered, and so-calledly provide for oneself, and sending single laser pulse, is thereafter the charging interval in several seconds of capacitor in High Voltage Power Supply.

Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide the profile pump solid-state laser apparatus for generation of high-power laser pulse.Another object of the present invention is to provide cheap, firm, reliable laser device.Another object of the present invention is to provide high performance operation laser device, particularly provides and has high pulse energy and/or high-power laser, and in the working range of broadness, allow high pulse repetition rate especially.Another object of the present invention is to provide the laser device being applicable to medical field, this laser device has between 1700nm to 3200nm especially-infrared (MIR) scope in wavelength, and/or be suitable for treatment, cutting or ablate biological tissue especially.Another object of the present invention is to provide the therapeutic system that user can be made to perform high-power laser pulse treatment, and wherein this therapeutic system is easy to operation, especially, should realize safeguarding friendly embodiment.In addition, finding the therapeutic system allowing high-power laser pulse to treat outside specialization treatment unit is also object.

Summary of the invention

Especially, a kind of solid-state laser of monolithic profile pump is used to solve this problem, this solid-state laser comprises the laser resonator structure be made up of the gain medium with longitudinal axis L, and comprise conduction-type cooler, wherein laser resonator structure is included in the end face forming linear light path resonant cavity therebetween, at least one of end face comprises the coating of at least part of reflection deposited thereon, gain medium comprises the side of the pump light for receiving pumping source, wherein pump light is produced by diode laser, this conduction-type cooler comprises the contact-making surface contacted with gain medium, and, this solid-state laser comprises the reflector relatively arranged relative to longitudinal axis L and side.

Especially, a kind of solid-state laser of monolithic profile pump is used to solve this problem further, this solid-state laser comprises the laser resonator structure be made up of the gain medium with longitudinal axis L, and comprise conduction-type cooler, wherein laser resonator structure is included in the end face forming linear light path resonant cavity therebetween, at least one of end face comprises the laser mirror of at least part of reflection deposited thereon especially, gain medium comprises the side of the pump light for receiving pumping source, wherein pump light is produced by diode laser, this conduction-type cooler comprises the contact-making surface contacted with gain medium, and, this solid-state laser comprises the reflector relatively arranged relative to longitudinal axis L and side, wherein especially, gain medium is low gain material.

Especially, a kind of method of the solid-state laser for operating monolithic profile pump is used to solve this problem further, this solid-state laser comprises the laser resonator structure be made up of the gain medium with longitudinal axis L, wherein pump light is by side feed-in gain medium, wherein part pump light as outgoing pump light at relative side place from gain medium outgoing, and wherein outgoing pump light is reflected, thus the pump light reflected is made to reenter gain medium at relative side place.

Disclosed in document US 2007/0060917, diode side pumped solid-state laser correspondingly produces low intensive low quality laser.On the other hand, have been found that laser needs the intensity of certain level, with ablate biological tissue efficiently.Also know, compared with flash lamp pumping solid-state laser, less pulse energy launched by diode side pumped solid-state laser.Some technical characteristics are used to improve the intensity of laser according to the solid-state laser of monolithic profile pump of the present invention.Correspondingly improve the beam quality of laser.First, use and have and be less than 7.5mm ²the gain medium of cross-sectional area, and cross-sectional area is the surface perpendicular to laser propagation direction in gain medium inside, and when planar laser speculum, this surface and planar laser mirror parallel.If gain medium has the shape that cross section is circular or oval bar, so this means that the diameter of this bar is less than or equal to 3mm, be preferably less than or equal to 2mm, be most preferably less than or equal to 1mm.There is diameter little like this thus the advantage with the bar of cross-sectional area little is like this, need less pump power to realize certain power density of opening in gain medium inside needed for laser oscillation.In addition, the laser rods with cross-sectional area little is like this served as the aperture of laser chamber inside and causes loss for higher transverse laser mode, thus correspondingly improves the quality of laser.Only having by using the bar with cross-sectional area little like this, just can produce enough power densities in gain medium inside, thus producing pump light by semiconductor laser.Assuming that laser rods can have the diameter of 4mm, so cross-sectional area can be increased to about 12.5mm ², it is approximately the twice of the cross-sectional area of 3mm bar.Compared with 3mm bar, in order to realize identical power density, 4mm bar needs the pump power of about twice.Therefore, the cross-sectional area of gain medium is restricted to is less than 7.5mm ²it is a very important advantage.In a preferred embodiment, the diode laser pumped power in laser active medium is 20 to 500W/mm ³between.

In a preferred embodiment, inner chamber laser intensity (in laser active medium) is at 5kW/cm ²and 10MW/cm ²between, more preferably 10 and 100kW/cm ²between.

The percentage be coupled out from laser is optimized in the measure that the another kind of the efficiency of raising laser is favourable.In order to operate lasers effectively, when the stimulated emission cross section (correspondingly, the gain of gain medium) of gain medium is lower, the percentage be coupled out from laser just must be lower.This is equivalent to the high strength in laser chamber inside, thus is conducive to starting laser oscillation.Therefore, operation has the laser of such gain medium is favourable: this gain medium has low stimulated emission cross section and has high strength in laser chamber inside.

Improve the output coupler that the favourable measure of the another kind of the intensity in gain medium is the reflectivity used in the scope that has between 92.5% to 99%.The measure that the another kind of the intensity in raising gain medium is favourable reduces cavity loss.Disclosed in such as in document US2007/0060917, solid-state laser has a shortcoming, namely, use discrete laser chamber to result through medium transition region from gain medium to air and from air to laser mirror and produce optical loss, described optical loss is because the reflection of laser in these transition regions and absorption loss cause.Because the laser medium used is low gain laser material, therefore these extra losses hamper so known Optical Maser System and effectively operate.Especially in 1700nm to 3200nm region-infrared (MIR) wavelength in another shortcoming of laser chamber of working be, because water is to the strong absorption of the laser launched, the dust between gain medium and laser mirror or humid air can reduce the efficiency of Optical Maser System consumingly or laser chamber almost can be made to stop Emission Lasers.This intensity causing extra loss to be gone forward side by side in the low gain medium of a step-down.

The another kind of favourable measure improving laser performance controls gain medium temperature.The laser rods with such minor diameter shows better surface for V/V (volume ratio), therefore can be cooled more effectively or heat, thus decrease the distortion caused due to thermal effect to laser beam quality.The power output that another advantage caused due to the hot property improved is the increase in and the optical efficiency added.

The another kind of favourable measure optimizing Laser Output Beam quality is cooling laser active gain medium symmetrically.Because the gain medium in WO2004/034523 is not the fact cooled symmetrically, so beam profile is not uniform, therefore Beam parameter product M ²be disadvantageous, this can cause focusing power poor.Therefore, uniform beam profile can be caused to the symmetry cooling of laser active gain media according to the present invention, and symmetry, the thermal lens with the longitudinal axis of active medium of conllinear.Which ensure that laser always vibrates along this axle, is therefore the essential feature guaranteeing stable operation in the wide region of the such as parameter of pump power, repetition rate and duty ratio (duty cycle).

Be low cost of manufacture according to another advantage of solid-state laser of the present invention and need hardly to safeguard.This greatly increases market acceptance.This advantage is that the quantity of optical element and/or the quantity of adjustable optical element or laser chamber by reducing needs realizes.Especially cause market failure and expensive product recall or be at least the reason of high maintenance cost having become based on the adjustable optical element in the medical treatment of hand-held or movable laser device and non-medical devices or laser chamber.Solid-state laser according to the present invention is height protecting against shock and vibration, even still keep stable after quick Change Example is as the environmental condition of temperature, humidity, and guarantee high stability, the constant laser output power required by the law of the medical treatment device based on laser and regulation.The impact of robustness and normally self imbalance can be subject to according to the laser design of produced in conventional processes.In addition, due to the dust etc. on temperature, mechanical stress (shock and vibration), optics, the situation of the reduction of laser output power may be there is.Such device must be repaired, and optics must clean, and laser chamber must be re-calibrated termly, and this can cause high maintenance cost.

Another advantage according to solid-state laser of the present invention is, due to efficient and short laser chamber, this design can by miniaturized to heavens.This allows can not comprise in the past in the device feature of high power solid-state laser to realize solid-state laser.An example is at such as US7,118, realize in so-called that provide for oneself or wireless handheld device disclosed in 563 having such as up to infrared solid-state laser in 5W.Diode laser now only in near-infrared (780-1400nm) may be used in such device.An advantage of the invention is, battery powered autonomous device can be provided with middle infrared solid-state laser now.In addition, such device can also be lighter in weight, such as, is less than 1kg.Other new device comprising laser less and that power consumption is less can be manufactured.Even can consider the desktop parts being comprised power supply, cooling unit and final control unit by (i), and the device that (ii) handheld unit is formed, this handheld unit comprises solid-state laser, final beam shaping optics, beam deflection parts, can also comprise control unit.This handheld unit can be dismountable due to maintenance reasons, and can be sent to device producer in small and light encapsulation.Before transporting to producer by device, the owner of device can inform producer, and before being returned via surface mail by its handheld unit, can be provided with interim handheld unit for the reason of service.Definite operation is as follows: a) for the reason of service, user can be informed in base station, is about to serve, and it calling device producer should change hand-held device unit or handpiece temporarily.B) owner of device or user send oral or written message to device sellers or producer.C) device sellers or producer send and have the interim parcel changing hand-held device unit or handpiece.D) due to easy plug-in connector, the owner of device or user need be only replaceable hand-held device within the extremely short time, and therefore he does not need device downtime.E) the hand-held device unit being used for serving or handpiece are taken to the service centre or device producer that place under repair or serve by parcel services.F) after this service operation completes, hand-held device unit or handpiece are sent back to the device owner or user.G) the device owner or user change hand-held device unit or handpiece again, and interim hand-held device unit or handpiece transmission are gone back.No longer need the travel of the costliness of attendant, and no longer need the transport to the costliness with the heavy device holding flimsy optics.No longer need expensive local service center.User need not retain room for attendant and wait for until device is fixed always.In addition, the hand-held device of the hand-held device or treatment optimization with other function (pulse energy, wavelength, other measurement ...) can be attached on base station.All these advantages cause very economical product and satisfied client.All above-mentioned advantages are also available for autonomous device, in autonomous device, do not need table-top unit/base station.

In another advantageous embodiment, pump light is directed, thus pump light in gain medium 2 is had distribute roughly uniformly.The most advantageously, this is that pump light reflector by relatively arranging relative to the longitudinal axis and the side of gain medium realizes.This layout allows pump light to enter gain medium from the side, with through gain medium, from gain medium outgoing, and by pump light reflector reflects, thus makes reverberation again enter gain medium.This embodiment creates uniform Light distribation in gain medium.Uniform photodistributed advantage like this causes the zlasing mode more much better than legacy system.This zlasing mode can have the Beam parameter product M between 1 and 25 ², it is the key of the extraordinary laser beam focused on.

Another advantage of the little cross-sectional area of gain medium is that laser beam can be focused onto less diameter.The known flash lamp pumped lasers with gain medium cross-sectional area or diode-pumped laser allow laser beam to be focused onto 300 to 500 μm.The gain medium used in solid-state laser according to the present invention allows laser beam to be focused onto 100 to 250 μm.So just allow the intensity of the laser beam improved in focus.

Another advantage according to solid-state laser of the present invention is, now, the laser beam with so little cross-sectional area can be transmitted through thin therefore cheap optical fiber efficiently.Another advantage of the present invention is, laser beam is more efficiently transferred in optical fiber, and this is that its efficiency being coupled to optical fiber is higher, and this is equivalent to the loss reduced because the quality of laser beam is better.

Another advantage according to solid-state laser of the present invention is that it does not comprise adjustable optical element, such as, and laser mirror or photoflash lamp.Therefore, solid-state laser according to the present invention is firm, to resist due to impact event, the imbalance in time vibrating the imbalance that causes or cause due to thermal effect.Another advantage is the loss that solid-state laser overcomes the power along with the time, very typical for photoflash lamp this point.

That maintenance costs is low according to another advantage of solid-state laser of the present invention.Due to the law of the medical treatment device based on laser and regulation, only allow to change in interior focusing power output among a small circle.Therefore, known solid-state laser needs the maintenance of regular costliness, or needs complicated controlling organization, to meet such law and regulation.

In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides and be suitable for producing the laser device for the laser in medical field, this laser device is particularly suitable for the biological tissue that treatment, cutting or ablation comprise sclerous tissues.About open in the background information patent application below of laser device and treatment or ablate biological tissue, these patent applications are incorporated to herein all by reference: WO2006/111526, WO2006/111200, WO2006/111199, WO2006/111429 and WO2008/049903.In a preferred embodiment, laser device according to the present invention is used to the biological tissue that treatment, cutting or ablation comprise sclerous tissues.Have been found that the ablation of best biological tissue uses the pulse length that has between 1 μ s and 15 μ s and has 10 ³w/mm ²with 10 ⁸w/mm ²between the laser pulse of intensity realize.Such laser pulse allows to carry out efficient ablation to biological tissue, and adjacent biological tissue is had to the destruction decreased, such as, the pyrolytic damage decreased, such as, sex change, solidify, carbonization.Have been found that and need the intensity of certain level with ablate biological tissue, and the intensity of certain level is even more important than high pulse energy.Have been found that the pulse ratio of high pulse energy has 10 ³to 10 ⁶w/mm ²(such as, for soft tissue) and 10 ⁵to 10 ⁸w/mm ²the pulse efficiency of the certain strength between (for sclerous tissues) is much lower, and wherein high pulse energy is realized by the pulse of long duration.Therefore, generation has 10 ³to 10 ⁸w/mm ²between the laser of intensity be most preferred for ablation or cutting biological tissue, the pulse length of laser is most preferably in the scope between 1 μ s and 15 μ s thus, in the scope more preferably between 15 μ s and 200 μ s.The natural key of cell from them mechanically by shock wave disorganize, thus tears apart by the pulse being shorter than 1 μ s such as produced by Q switching laser or OPO laser.In order to realize 10 in the target of such as biological tissue ³w/mm ²to 10 ⁸w/mm ²between the intensity of laser, the size of the laser hit the mark can use beam-shaping (especially by use lens) to be shaped.

According to an aspect of the present invention, disclose a kind of solid-state laser and the equipment comprising this solid-state laser, it is suitable for cutting or ablate biological tissue.Solid-state laser comprises optics cavity; Be placed in the gain media in this optics cavity; Semiconductor laser, it to carry out optical pumping to this gain media, thus is produced laser by optical correction, and wherein, the laser of generation has and is suitable for cutting and the wavelength of ablate biological tissue and intensity.

According to an aspect of the present invention, disclose cutting or ablation comprises the method for the biological tissue of sclerous tissues, the method comprises the steps: to provide gain media, semiconductor laser and optics cavity; Gain media and semiconductor laser are placed in optics cavity, thus make semiconductor laser by optical correction to carry out pumping to this gain media; Activating semiconductor laser is to carry out optical pumping to gain media and to produce laser; And direct a laser to such as soft, medium firmly or hard tissue biological tissue on, to cut or this biological tissue of ablation.

In one embodiment, at least one in the pulse duration of laser beam, pulse shape, repetition rate, pulse strength and pulse energy can be modulated, and this allows the ablation depth modulating each otch or the characteristic in hole and the biological tissue of each pulse produced in biological tissues.

To be used for the treatment of or the laser of ablate biological tissue has wavelength between 1700nm and 3200nm.Most preferably, use the wavelength of about 2950nm, because this wavelength is the main local maximum in MIR (in infrared) scope in water absorption spectrum.

Preferably produce the laser beam of the diameter had between 0.5mm to 2.5mm according to solid-state laser of the present invention, and more preferably produce the laser beam of the diameter had between 0.5mm to 1mm.

The pulse temporal width of such solid-state laser preferably between 1 μ s and 500 μ s, especially between 1 μ s and 200 μ s, and most preferably between 1 μ s and 15 μ s.

The pulsed laser energy of such solid-state laser between 0.1mJ and 100J, especially between 1mJ and 5J.

Such solid-state laser can focus on a bit, and the intensity of the laser emission of this point is at 1W/mm ²with 10 ⁸w/mm ²between, especially 10 ³w/mm ²with 10 ⁷w/mm ²between.

The important design parameter of crystal is: pump power and crystal diameter, and important laser material parameter is: stimulated emission cross section, life-span and photon energy.

For laser operation, in any mode for laser active material supplying energy is unimportant.That is, pump light enters from the side still or enters unimportant collinearly, or pumping is that laser diode or photoflash lamp etc. are unimportant.Starting point of the present invention is that laser active material is full of energy, has carried out pumping by laser diode more specifically.When Er:YAG, this means that the pump light of about 980nm has entered crystal and the energy of total supply is E_pump, it is transferred to laser active ion.In this course, energy is lost, and for laser operation, only have amount to be below available E_stored=E_pump* (Wavelength_pump/Wavelength_laser)=such as, for Er:YAG ca.E_pump*980/2940=0.33*E_pump

The important cross section A of laser is perpendicular to laser axle-be laser crystal end face in this case, and itself and diameter d are directly proportional.

From the viewpoint of material, the stimulated emission cross section of laser transition, photon energy and life-span are important.Life-span is important for the pumping of crystal, and this is due to energy must be made to enter crystal to arrive laser threshold.When laser operation starts, the life-span of laser active ion is determined by outer coupling and other chamber parameter, and is no longer determined exclusively by the life-span of the laser upper limit.Keep focusing under having entered intracrystalline situation at energy, therefore can ignore the life-span.This situation and laser amplifier are very similar, and in laser amplifier, laser crystal is by pumping, and then amp pulse is sent out over.

Therefore the photon energy of laser transition and stimulated emission cross section is only had to keep as material parameter.Photon energy is the difference of laser upper and lower bound, and stimulated emission cross section is the region around a laser active ion, and wherein in order to encourage the transmitting of another laser photon, photon must pass through.

In laser amplifier, saturation flux is main design parameter, and which define to be filled with the active lasing ion preparing to supply laser photon by whole crystalline region A, necessary pumping is to the energy in crystal.In other words, each photon entering crystal probably encourages the transmitting of another photon.

$F_{\mathrm{sat}}=\frac{\mathrm{hv}}{{\mathrm{\σ}}_{\mathrm{em}}}=x\frac{E_{\mathrm{stored}}}{A}=x\frac{E_{\mathrm{pump}}{\mathrm{wl}}_{\mathrm{pump}}/{\mathrm{wl}}_{\mathrm{laser}}}{\mathrm{\π}{(d/2)}^2}$

Material parameter photon energy and stimulated emission cross section combine with pump energy and crystal diameter (scale factor-the smaller the better) by this equation.For the ease of understanding, x=1, therefore

$\frac{\mathrm{hv}}{{\mathrm{\σ}}_{\mathrm{em}}}=\frac{E_{\mathrm{stored}}}{A}$

Photon energy is fixed by optical maser wavelength, and stimulated emission cross section is less, and whole expression formula becomes larger.In order to maximize right side, need more energy pump in crystal, or reduce region A by reducing crystal diameter d, or these two kinds of methods are carried out simultaneously.

Generally speaking, the laser material with low transmitting cross section only can be operated by the very strong pumping of minor diameter laser crystal.

Embodiment has advantage, wherein pump light is by side feed-in gain medium, wherein 30 to 70% of pump light (preferably, 30 to 50%) as outgoing pump light at relative side place from gain medium outgoing, and wherein outgoing pump light is by reflector reflects, thus the pump light reflected is made to reenter gain medium at relative side place.The specific wavelength different from the wavelength at the absorption peak place of gain material is used to have advantage, namely, incident pump light is only partially absorbed by gain medium, therefore incident pump light 30 to 70% (preferably, 30 to 50%) amount is from gain medium outgoing and be reflected back toward gain medium, wherein, this gain medium absorbs 50 to 91% (preferably 75 to 91%) altogether further.Therefore, achieve the uniform Light distribation in gain medium, cause the Energy distribution of uniform, the Gauss's shape in the laser beam launched like this.Reflector may be implemented as has high reflectance, reflects most incident light, and in addition, in order to strengthen the Uniform Illumination of laser gain material, this reflector can be part reflection or diffusion.

The concentration of dopant depending on crystal diameter and crystalline material relative to the wavelength/wavelength region may skew absorbing maximum of pumping source, and select in the mode that crystal diameter equals an absorption length.Absorption length be defined as in the pumping radiation entering laser material 63.2% by the length of the laser material after absorbing.These measures cause intracrystalline optimization pump light distribution/optimization evenly illumination.If pump wavelength/wavelength region may is selected at absorption maximum place, so pump light can be absorbed in the crystal with such as 2mm (such as 1mm), and remaining crystal does not have illuminated, and this can reduce laser beam quality significantly.The equation simplified is as follows:

The diameter of crystal: X

Absorption coefficient: α

Condition: X* α=1

Absorption law:

Intracrystalline absorption=exp (-X* α)=exp (-1)=0.632.Each laser material all has specific absorption coefficient, and this absorption coefficient depends on wavelength, and therefore this equation is all effective for all laser materials in this pumping geometry.

Be implemented as and be parallel to the pumping source of diode laser matrix that the longitudinal axis arranges there is such advantage: pump light along its distribution of lengths can be provided for gain medium.Preferably, the length of pumping source is at least 30% of the length of gain medium.The object of this embodiment is to provide the uniform illumination to gain medium, and provides enough pump energies to start low gain material Emission Lasers.

The feature of low gain material is, it has the stimulated emission cross section (i.e. <=3.0*10 being equal to or less than Er:YAG ^-20cm ²) the gain medium of stimulated emission cross section.This gain medium will be distinguished according to solid-state laser of the present invention and efficient laser system, wherein, in order to obtain high photoelectric efficiency coefficient, employ and such as having 28*10 ^-20cm ²the high gain lasers material of Nd:YAG of stimulated emission cross section.Use high-gain material, can from optical resonator be coupled out more many light, for the treatment to tissue.

Due to the firm embodiment of solid-state laser, the layout of gain medium especially owing to being surrounded by conduction-type cooler and keep, laser can resist the attraction of at least 100G.This allows laser to be transported when not needing specialized transport process.Especially, because laser can be transported to all-in-service station, therefore do not need to perform maintenance at the scene.

Due to very good laser beam quality, also can easily multiple laser element in series (one by one, be in line and conllinear with the propagation axis of laser beam) or combine via speculum, scalariform speculum, lens and other coupling unit known in the art.The combination of multiple laser allows to improve peak power output and/or average output power, and also improves repetition rate due to the factor of single laser element.High-output power allows pack processing to contain the material of considerably less water gaging or hydroxyl (OH key) or the very high shock wave of generation and large Rubus Tosaefulins, or even allows to generate plasma.Ideally, laser will be phase-locked, thus light beam can coherently be combined.

The feature of the monolithic design of laser is, laser high reverse--bias device is directly deposited on gain media, and output coupler is directly deposited on the opposite side on gain media.Due to the low gain of the laser material of introducing, the end face layout of laser mirror being displaced to laser material is suitable difficulty, this is because due to when from laser material to free air and then to reflecting mirror material and the media variations returned time the loss that occurs and Emission Lasers hardly.

One object of the present invention is resolved according to the therapeutic system of solid-state laser of the present invention by comprising, this solid-state laser is arranged in the housing, and the laser beam that therefore solid-state laser is launched is directed into hand-held device by the photocon in flexible pipe.This hand-held device comprises the port of export of the end as photocon for laser beam being directed to target surface.Flexible pipe comprises photocon, and therefore allow the distributed arrangement of lasing light emitter and treatment operating means (as handheld unit), wherein its power output is sent to therapeutic system via photocon by high-energy Output of laser apparatus.

Due in order to produce the pump light with enough energy densities, the pump light of solid-state laser needs the electric energy of a large amount, and therefore power supply must provide the electric energy of a large amount in a very short time period.The very large power supply of this required power, or according to the present embodiment, there is the power supply of high current capacity buffer.Use the present embodiment, trickle charge can be carried out in the sufficiently long time period to buffer, and in a very short time period to buffer electric discharge, thus provide high current power to pump light source.

For such as using therapeutic system in medical applications, having available gas-pressurized at hand-held device place is very useful, therefore according to an embodiment, the housing of therapeutic system comprises the device for generation of gas-pressurized, particularly just has relative to ambient pressure and/or the gas-pressurized of negative pressure.The gas-pressurized here used, by such as removing oxygen from area for treatment, incorporating especially air and can be used for improving ablation and/or guarantee all mixtures of process gas of the impregnable ablation of ablation.

Similar embodiment is the device that housing comprises for generation of fluid under pressure.Because laser beam uses thermal ablation method to carry out ablator, so it is useful for purification and/or cooling target area, it is favourable for therefore having available liquid at hand-held device place.

Therefore, flexible pipe will comprise the pipeline for fluid under pressure to be transported to hand-held device from the device housing, or flexible pipe will comprise the pipeline for gas-pressurized being supplied to hand-held device.Can use and just there is/the gas-pressurized of relative pressure, such as, for providing inert gas cap (inert gas cap) around treatment site, in particular for avoid laser beam on the target surface operating area around oxygen atmosphere.Use the gas with negative relative pressure the operating area of material from laser beam on the target surface can be siphoned away.Because laser will from target surface ablator, so in order to carry out suitable operation to laser, this material must be removed from target area.According to embodiment, this material can be sucked away and via the pipeline in flexible pipe be transferred in disposal unit or housing can disposal unit, to provide clean target area.

The embodiment that its middle shell comprises detachable connector parts has such advantage, i.e. the use each time of therapeutic system, especially the use each time of hand-held device, and new hand-held device and flexible pipe can be used to perform.For the application using deleterious material, hand-held device and flexible pipe are polluted and need to change is possible.Such embodiment is suitable for cheap optical light guides element, and such as, based on the photocon of Si oxide, it is clean more cheap thoroughly than performing wherein photocon to be placed in together with hand-held device flexible pipe.Otherwise whole hand-held device to be carried out together with flexible pipe clean or sterilize.

Be furnished with very expensive optical light guides element in the tube, such as, by sapphire, germanium oxide, zirconium fluoride, ceramic fibre, glass-ceramic fiber, fiber containing selen or tellur, or it is common based on fluoride or based on pottery or the optical light guides element made based on the fiber of crystalline material, importantly keep optical light guides element constant, and only change or clean hand-held device.According to an embodiment, hand-held device comprises permission hand-held device after using each time by the detachable connector parts disposed.According to another embodiment, detachable connector parts can be arranged in housing place, and hand-held device and this pipe can be made so together to disconnect from housing.Another embodiment can be, this pipe all comprises detachable connector at two ends, allows hand-held device and flexible pipe to disconnect individually like this.This can be suitable for performing different clean up tasks, and such as carry out disinfection for hand-held device in high-pressure sterilizer unit, flexible pipe can be immersed in antiseptic solution.

According to the present invention, this hand-held device comprises the port of export of the end as photocon for laser beam being directed to target surface.According to embodiment, hand-held device comprises light beam and is formed and/or deflection unit, the laser beam that such permission is provided by optical light guides element is formed, specific energy density distribution is such as provided, or for by laser beam deflection to the specified point in target area, or for providing specific Move Mode in target area.The laser beam being transmitted into photocon end enters light beam and is formed and/or deflection unit, processes accordingly wherein, and leaves hand-held device via the port of export.

In order to promote the possibility for the treatment of, hand-held device also comprises sonic transducer, particularly ultrasonic transducer.Laser mainly through produce in target area high temperature pulse and thus ablator operate.Have available sonic transducer at hand-held device place, the acoustic impluse of generation is directed to the tip of the such as port of export by this sonic transducer via guiding part, is together provided for the mechanical energy of ablator with the thermal ablation undertaken by laser.Laser component may be used for key area, in this key area, must not damage the tissue of surrounding and the high speed that ultrasonic component may be used for less key area is removed.

For some application, having multiple available light beam in target area is useful, therefore according to an embodiment, hand-held device comprises photocon cutting unit, in the multiple laser beam of laser beam feed-in that solid-state laser provides via optical light guides element by this photocon cutting unit.Such as, this can be realized by splicing optical light guides element, diffraction optical device, lenticule optics, scalariform speculum, compound parabolic concentrator or the many optical fiber-concentrator oppositely used.Another advantage of this embodiment is, the medium in laser target approach region changes on interface wherein, due to the luminous energy of a large amount, can produce Rubus Tosaefulins, have the usable power density decreased at target area place.This laser beam is divided into multiple laser beam, reduces the power density of each laser beam, because this reducing the chance producing these Rubus Tosaefulins.As a result, do not have energy dissipation unwanted hollow in, and more energy is directed into target area.

Because the target area that will treat is usually all quite little, therefore by operator carry out quite difficult to the optical evaluation for the treatment of process, therefore according to another embodiment, hand-held device comprises optical imagery parts.These optical imagery parts can be such as imaging sensors (such as CCD camera), and it is arranged in around the port of export or in this port of export, point to target area.An optical light guides element can also be had, it points to target area and image is sent to the image capture parts of layout in the handheld device or in housing, wherein, for the latter, flexible pipe further comprises another photocon, and this photocon is used for the image of acquisition to be transferred to housing from hand-held device.In another embodiment, two optical imagery parts can be arranged in the handheld device, thus allow to carry out three-dimensional Attach Title (stereographic captioning) to target area and provide the 3D rendering of target area for the operator of therapeutic system.Another embodiment can be, hand-held device, the especially port of export comprise the illuminace component for illumination target region.

According to another embodiment, hand-held device comprises radio frequency sending set, and it preferably launches the radio frequency from 50kHz to 5MHz in scope.Radio frequency uses this embodiment, can further treat, because can be selected target material to be penetrated the degree of depth of expectation.Preferably, radio frequency sending set is tunable, thus makes the specific radio frequency of application optimized to be sent to target area.In addition, radio frequency sending set comprises antenna element, and it correspondingly will carry out the tissue of ablation treatment for being directed to by radio frequency.Laser component may be used for key area, in this key area, must not damage the tissue of surrounding and the high speed that radio frequency part may be used for less critical tissue region is removed.

In order to power to the various devices in hand-held device, flexible pipe comprises the power cable providing electric energy from the power supply in housing to hand-held device.

In order to control to target area Emission Lasers bundle, it is favourable that flexible pipe comprises at least one data line, and control unit is such as connected with control unit and housing with hand-held device by this data line.Realize control unit in the handheld device to perform user interactions, especially for user provides control ability, for controlling the operation of laser.Control unit in the housing receives the order from the control unit in hand-held device, and correspondingly operate lasers.Data line has the advantage of the order that can send various quantity when not needing a large amount of separate control lines.

Optical light guides element can realize as single fiber light guide element, its advantage is, whole luminous energy of laser beam all transmit in a single fiber, make laser beam to be coupled in optical fiber like this and receive laser beam from optical fiber to become easy, for laser beam is directed to target surface.

According to another embodiment, optical light guides element realizes as many fibre-optic light guides element, and its advantage is, the energy density in each single fiber reduces, thus the optical stresses of fiber optic materials is reduced, the chance of the damage to optical fiber therefore caused due to unnecessary luminous energy reduces.In addition, owing to launching less luminous energy from each optical fiber to target area, so the risk producing Rubus Tosaefulins reduces.Each single fiber can have identical function, and laser beam is transferred to hand-held device from solid-state laser, or each optics can be configured to perform different tasks.Such as, the optical fiber of many fiber optics photocon may be used for the object of throwing light on, and another optical fiber may be used for sensing or problem analysis because its by the image transmitting of target area to the analysis module in housing.Each in each optical fiber can be made up of identical material, in one embodiment, for each optical fiber, can use different materials.Its advantage is, can use different wavelength, wherein selects optical material to think the optical transport that each wavelength provides best.Therefore, a solid-state laser can be had, it can be tuned to the laser beam launching different wave length, or, multiple solid-state laser can be had, specific wavelength launched by each solid-state laser, or the light source of semiconductor laser or even such as light-emitting diode can be arranged in the housing and is coupled in multiple independently optical fiber by their laser beam.Use different wavelength to have such advantage, because wavelength must be adjusted to material to be processed, therefore can process more material.

As used herein, term " optical fiber " refers to the optical waveguide of any type, and light at one or can be directed to output from incidence end at multiple wavelength by it, and wherein path of navigation needs not to be straight.Example is fibre optic, doughnut optics, hinged handel (articulated mirror arm).Especially, optical fiber can be arranged in flexible pipe, such permission when not thing enter laser beam and may impaired danger the transmission of light of long distance, the transmission of especially high-power laser, because this may be used for the free air transmission of laser beam.

The main purpose of the port of export is to make laser beam leave optical light guides element to be directed into target surface and therefore to leave hand-held device.According to aforesaid embodiment, flexible pipe can comprise the supply lines more than only optical light guides element, and therefore, another embodiment is, the port of export comprises the outlet opening being connected to pipeline.Therefore, the various supply lines be arranged in flexible pipe are provided with the direct outlet at the port of export place at hand-held device, therefore with target area direct neighbor.

According to treatment use, advantageously when photocon end is arranged in the surrounding of outlet opening at least in part.If such as outlet opening is connected to the pipeline providing the gas-pressurized with negative relative pressure, the laser beam so launched is from target surface ablator, and then this material is inhaled into outlet opening and is transferred to the refuse storehouse in housing via pipeline.On the other hand, if the liquid that the material by laser beam ablation washes away by pipeline supply, also can be useful.

Wherein the outlet opening embodiment be arranged at least in part around photocon end has such advantage, such as, can realize controlled atmosphere and environment around laser beam, thus removes any free oxygen from target area.When high-energy light pulse is transmitted into free air from the port of export, can ionising effects be there is, thus in target area, produce unwanted product.This can be avoided by using inert gas to hide target area.

One object of the present invention is solved further by a kind of therapeutic system, the flexible pipe that this therapeutic system comprises the hand-held device had according to solid-state laser of the present invention, the table-top unit comprising the power supply for powering to hand-held device especially solid-state laser and is connected with table-top unit by hand-held device.Because the present invention uses low gain laser material, solid-state laser produces a large amount of unnecessary heat when producing laser beam, in order to avoid the damage to laser, described heat must be removed from solid-state laser.Therefore, solid-state laser comprises cooling unit, and according to the present invention, this cooling unit is implemented as chamber.Cooling chamber is connected to the coolant circulation system in table-top unit via two the cooling fluid transfer tubes be arranged in flexible pipe.This embodiment allows the solid-state laser with high energy laser beam output to be arranged in the handheld device, and unnecessary heat is removed from hand-held device and be transferred to table-top unit, can arrange efficient cooling system in this table-top unit.Solid-state laser also comprises the control unit for electric drive solid-state laser, and according to the present invention, this control unit comprises a high current capacity buffer, and this high current capacity buffer is used for providing enough electric currents so that exciting laser is launched to pumping source.This current buffer and heat circulating system provide the therapeutic system based on laser, and this therapeutic system can provide the high-intensity laser beam with the high operation cycle in long-time section.Laser beam must be sent to target surface by contact window, usually by directly contacting, or can be arranged near the contact window relative to target surface.After execution treatment task, especially when performing the task to biological sample, therapeutic system and especially contact window must be thoroughly clean, especially must perform sterilization.Therefore contact window must resist such chemical treatment, and is therefore implemented as the fluoropolymer of such as MFA, PFA or FEP.

Object of the present invention is solved further by another embodiment of therapeutic system, and this therapeutic system only comprises hand-held device, and wherein hand-held device comprises energy storage member, and wherein cooling unit is implemented as solid-state cooling device.For hand-held device, usually do not need to provide high operation duty ratio, do not need the operation of long-time continuous yet.Therefore, passive cooled unit is attached to solid-state laser just enough, this cooling unit absorbs unnecessary heat and it is removed from laser device, under this device is remained on normal operating parameter.The repetition rate operated due to this treatment is less than the operation of the system based on table-top unit, and therefore accumulator can be the rechargeable battery of such as lithium rechargeable battery.

Optical path is directed to contact window and the parts being correspondingly directed to target surface limit by by laser beam from solid-state laser.This optical path is the part of the key of proper handling for therapeutic system, because any interference in light path all directly can affect the quality of the laser beam of transmitting.Therefore it is important for sealing this light path relative to surrounding environment, especially by dust and moisture seal outside.Wavelength due to laser beam is preferably tuned to the absorption peak of water ion, and therefore any moisture in the optical path all can make laser beam react this moisture, and optical path therefore can be made to warm up and reduce the intensity power of the laser launched.By using gas-tight silo to light path and using O type ring as sealing device, the gap in optical path can be reduced or eliminated.Manufacture the parts of solid-state laser to provide the gap being less than 2 μm between the components.Whole optical path is reliably sealed by the cover the relative pressure resisting at least 0.5 bar.

According to another embodiment, in hand-held device, arrange switch unit and at least two high current capacity buffers.During operation, current buffer charges within a certain amount of time, and discharges within the very short time period, to power to pumping source, thus produces pump light.Arrange that two high current buffers allow a current buffer charging in the handheld device, and another buffer is for generation of pump light.Switch unit performs the task of high current buffer being connected to pumping source or charge power supply.This embodiment allows the higher operating rate to therapeutic system.

In order to make configuration and the processing ease of therapeutic system, further advantageously when hand-held device comprises user interface (user interface comprises display unit and input unit).Therefore the user of hand-held device has and is directly arranged in independent configuration on hand-held device and operation controls possibility, and due to all process informations with control possibility and can obtain on hand-held device, therefore there is the ability controlling when not interference treatment process to treat.

Because area for treatment is rather narrow usually, therefore directly observation is often impossible, advantageously when hand-held device comprises image acquisition and analytic unit.Such permission is collected image, process image and is provided image by such as display unit to user, thus user object observing region better, the place on the surface that correspondingly hits the mark at laser beam.In another embodiment, stereo-picture can be collected, to provide 3D rendering to user.

Such advantage can be had from the hand-held device of table-top unit dismounting, that is, such as, have and can be connected with table-top unit, to build therapeutic system at each hand-held device of the solid-state laser of different wave length operation.This embodiment also has such advantage, namely, relative to the replacing of the solid-state laser in hand-held device or other parts, correspondingly safeguard, be simplified many, because hand-held device can be dismantled from table-top unit, correspondingly can dismantle from flexible pipe, and new or another hand-held device is attached to table-top unit, is correspondingly attached to flexible pipe.Between the operating period of plan, damaged or its operating parameter deterioration of solid-state laser (being correspondingly gain medium or laser diode) may be there is.Due to the strong construction of solid-state laser, the hand-held device of solid-state laser can be had from table-top unit or flexible pipe dismounting, and when not taking care solid-state laser especially and resisting the harsh process stayed in standard transport process, be transported to service and maintenance unit.User can treatment place have two hand-held devices, when first device must send to safeguard time, a use, another is as renewal part.For Optical Maser System before, maintenance is the task of quite difficulty, because often need to interrupt using and technical staff must perform maintenance task at the scene.

The embodiment favourable according to another, transparency cover can be dismantled from hand-held device, allows the part directly contacted with material to be processed remove from device and such as abandon or thoroughly clean like this.When ablator, lid may be subject to the pollution of the material of ablation, must clean up hill and dale before using next time.When human body is organized, this point is even more important, and material wherein must be avoided to spread.Therefore, detachable cover reduces and performs thoroughly clean needs to whole hand-held device, especially can use single use lid.

When by solid-state cooling unit from solid-state laser dissipate unnecessary hot time, the cooling of free-pouring air is unaccommodated, because it can not remove unnecessary heat in available time quantum.Therefore, phase is used to change material, such as paraffin, fluoride, carbonate, chloride, hydroxide, nitrate, salt nitrate, sugar alcohol, aliphatic acid, chlatrate, metal (such as, gallium), metal alloy, above-mentioned material and material (the such as graphite improving heat conductivity, polymer, metal, semiconductor, pottery, crystalline material, diamond-copper, carborundum, graphitic carbon) mixture, owing to changing the state of material, such as from solid-state to liquid or from liquid state to gaseous state, a large amount of heat energy can be absorbed and through the longer time period by store energy dissipation to external environment condition.This most preferably there is the material that reversible phase changes, because will allow repeatedly to use.

Accompanying drawing explanation

By reference to accompanying drawing, those skilled in the art can have better understanding to the present invention and recognize its advantage.Although accompanying drawing shows some details of some embodiment, the present invention disclosed herein is not limited in the embodiment illustrated.

Fig. 1 depicts the view of the solid-state laser of monolithic profile pump;

Fig. 1 a, 1b, 1c depict the embodiment of the end face of gain medium;

Fig. 1 d, 1e depict the embodiment of the laser chamber comprising q switch;

Fig. 2 depicts the symmetry cooling solid-state laser with pump-coupling optical coupling;

Fig. 2 a depicts another symmetry cooling solid-state laser with pump-coupling optical coupling;

Fig. 3 depicts the symmetry cooling solid-state laser with indirect coupling pump light;

Fig. 4 depicts the liquid cooled laser of radial symmetric;

Fig. 5 depicts the symmetry cooling solid-state laser with pump-coupling optical coupling comprising two pump light sources;

Fig. 6 depicts the cross-sectional view of the example of the layout of laser rods in radiator;

Fig. 7 depicts the cross-sectional view of another example of the layout of laser rods in radiator;

Fig. 8 schematically depict the path of the laser beam of the layout according to Fig. 2 to Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 schematically depict the All Paths of the laser beam of the layout according to Fig. 2 to Fig. 7;

Figure 10 depicts the energy density of the laser beam of transmitting;

Figure 11 a depicts the average optical output power of the function as the electric current by diode laser or semiconductor laser;

Figure 11 b depicts the average optical output power of the function as repetition rate;

Figure 12 depicts the energy intensity of the laser beam of transmitting, and its laser rods is liquid cooled;

Figure 13 depicts the energy density of the laser beam that another is launched;

Figure 14 depicts the cross-sectional view of the heat radiation side pumped solid-state laser of the line B-B along Figure 15;

Figure 15 depicts the cross-sectional view along line A-A of the laser according to Figure 14;

Figure 16 depicts the view of the solid-state laser of accurate monolithic profile pump;

Figure 17 depicts the time diagram driving the electric current of pumping semiconductor laser and the laser of transmitting;

Figure 18 depicts another time diagram driving the electric current of pumping semiconductor laser and the laser of transmitting;

Figure 19 depicts and drives the electric current of pumping semiconductor laser and the laser of transmitting with another time diagram of operate lasers in a cw mode;

Figure 20 depicts the absorption coefficient of the Er:YAG material of the function as wavelength;

The solid-state laser of lensed monolithic is put after Figure 21 depicts;

The solid-state laser of the monolithic of optical fiber is equipped with after Figure 22 depicts;

Figure 23 depicts the hand-held device that can be attached to table-top unit;

Figure 24 depicts unit hand-held device;

Figure 25 depicts therapeutic system;

Figure 26 is a) to embodiment d) depicting active tip (working tip).

Embodiment

Carry out detailed commentary by specific embodiment of the present invention now, example of the present invention is shown in the drawings.Whenever possible, same or similar Reference numeral is used in accompanying drawing and this description to same or similar part.It should be noted that accompanying drawing is the form simplified, is not accurate yardstick.With regard to disclosure herein, only for convenience and clearly object, uses directional terminology for accompanying drawing, such as top, the end, left and right, upper and lower, on, top, below, under, rear and front.Such directional terminology should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention by any way.

As used herein, term " conduction-type cooler " or " cooler " refer to and include but not limited to heat transfer medium (such as, liquid, gas, solid-state material), heat diffuser (such as, the metal of such as copper, gold, aluminium etc. or its alloy; The such as pottery of beryllium oxide, aluminium nitride, aluminium oxide, zirconia etc.; The such as crystalline material of diamond, sapphire, carborundum) or thermal energy storage buffer element.Especially, liquid heat energy transmission medium can be circulation, motion or static liquid, and it is transparent at least partly for pump light.Liquid heat energy transmission medium can be such as water, water-ethylene glycol mixture, ethanol or other heat-transfer fluid, such as Solvay Solexis Galden ^tMhT200.Galden ^tMit is the trade mark of Solvay Solexis company.The conduction-type cooler of another kind of type can be the heat-conduction liquid of such as liquid metals and liquid metal alloy, such as gallium or liquid metal alloy or mixture or such as can buy from German Geratherm and be called less than pure gallium of corrosivity liquid metal alloy.The conduction-type cooler of another kind of type can be that it even may be used for crystal welding to cooler by graphite, indium or other metal heat transfer paper tinsel.

As used herein, term " reflector " refers to and includes but not limited to fully or the surface of partly or diffusely reflection or backscattered light.Total reflection surface can be the metal surface of polishing, and it is coated with such as gold, silver, aluminium, platinum or even dielectric coating.Another kind of total reflection surface can be made up of the crystalline material of the dielectric coating being coated with such as optical lasers speculum.Part reflection or diffuse reflector can be the transparent materials of rough surface or part pump light, and it can diffusion and reverberation, such as sandblasting gold plating surface, and light scattering is gone back by more, instead of is directly reflected back by light.The reflector of another kind of type can be ceramic material, and it partly absorbs light, but with the light of the mode reflect most of the mode of scattering instead of reflection.The reflector of another kind of type can by being called a kind of plastic material make.The reflector of another kind of type can be the heat-conduction liquid of such as liquid metals and liquid metal alloy, such as gallium or such as can buy from German Geratherm and be called less than pure gallium of corrosivity liquid metal alloy.The reflector of another kind of type can be that it even may be used for crystal welding to cooler by indium or other metal reflection foil.

As used herein, term " speculum " or " laser mirror " refer to the surface or substrate that include but not limited to reverberation whole or in part.Such substrate can be metal or crystalline material (such as, YAG, sapphire, vitreous silica ...) polished silicon wafer, the surface comprises metal coating (such as, gold, silver, aluminium, platinum) wherein reflected at least partly or dielectric coating realize.The substrate that the laser mirror that another kind has part reflecting surface can be made up of the crystalline material being coated with dielectric coating is made.Therefore this substrate can diffusion bond on the laser crystal of the type as atomic level, usually use inseparable part bonding or interconnection technique.

Because the speculum of usual high reverse--bias can not 100% reverberation, therefore also always there is Laser output in this side of laser.Reflectivity is less, higher in the laser power of high reverse--bias side.Laser and part, the concrete combination of high reverse--bias device can cause the Optical Maser System in both sides with almost identical power output.

Laser mirror can also be made up of the metal being applied directly on working-laser material or dielectric coating.The emission wavelength of this laser mirror expectation of reflects laser active material at least in part.If reflectivity is about more than 99%, so laser mirror is called high reverse--bias device (HR).If reflectivity is lower than 99%, or conversely, if leave chamber more than the laser of 1%, so laser mirror is called output coupler (OC).Optical coating, especially dielectric coating, deposited in the mode of multilayer by PVD (physical vapour deposition (PVD)) or CVD (chemical vapour deposition (CVD)) technology.Especially, PVD is widely used for optics overlay, and these technology are in EBS or EBC (electron beam transpiration or electron beam apply), magnetron sputtering, IBS (ion beam sputtering), IAP (the auxiliary plating of ion), IP or RLVIP (ion plating or the plating of reaction low-voltage ion), difference between MBE (molecular beam epitaxy), MOCVD (metal organic chemical vapor deposition), MOVPE (metal organic chemical vapor deposition) etc.Coating should not contain the material (such as, OH-key) of the laser of absorbing wavelength between 1700 and 3200nm well.Another reason damaging speculum is absorbing laser in the layer of such speculum.Therefore, the low absorbed layer material in the wave-length coverage of expectation is used in, such as TiO ₂, Ta ₂o ₂, HfO ₂, Nb ₂o ₅, Al ₂o ₃, SiO ₂, be favourable.For concrete application, use by metal and/or oxide-metal combinations (such as Si and SiO ₂, thorium fluoride and zinc selenide) multiple coating of forming or use several combination of different materials to be favourable in a coating.Such as, low-down absorbing material combination may be used for the part of the speculum with the highest luminous power, but these materials are limited to the quantity of the layer corresponding to reflectivity sometimes.In order to improve reflectivity further, combination of materials can be added to the top that luminous power has reduced, this combination of materials can be grown to a large amount of number of plies corresponding to reflectivity, and have small absorptivity.The combination of such material allows to produce the speculum such as with very high damaging thresholding and very high reflectivity.Preferably, such layer material every layer has the absorptivity being less than 2%, and especially every layer is less than 0.5%, and most preferably every layer be less than 0.1%.Therefore, coating should be made up of the material of the laser of absorbing wavelength between 1700 and 3200nm well.The main distinction between coating process is sedimentary energy.If the material of deposition has low-yield, so at least one overlay can comprise micropore or aperture.Hole produces the layer that the lower packing density ratio of the cumulative volume of layer (volume of the solid in layer with) causes less density.Typically for the layer packing density of the layer of less density 0.75 in the scope be less than between 0.9.The environmental stability of the layer of less density is lower, and when layer is exposed under moisture, micropore is filled up by water the most at last.In infrared in optical maser wavelength absorbed consumingly by water, the water therefore in micropore can evaporate and damaged layer, correspondingly damages laser mirror.Therefore, preferably only should use in the Optical Maser System in MIR (in infrared) and be greater than 0.90 or the laser mirror that forms of the layer that is even greater than 0.99 by having packing density.Such high-density layer can use IBS (ion beam sputtering), IAP (the auxiliary plating of ion) deposition techniques overlay to realize.In most preferred embodiment, deposition materials has the high-energy causing packing density to be greater than 1.05 or 1.10.Also claim the layer of such super-high density of super density layer that IP (ion plating), RLVIP (plating of reaction low-voltage ion) or MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) deposition techniques overlay can be used to realize.

As used herein, density layer refers to have and is greater than 0.9, is preferably more than 0.95 and is more preferably greater than the layer of the packing density of 0.99.Most preferred density layer has the packing density being greater than 1.05 or 1.1.

As used herein, semiconductor laser or diode laser or laser diode refer to, include but not limited to, laser diode, diode laser matrix, VCSEL (Vcsel), VECSEL (vertical external cavity surface emitting laser), lead salt laser, quantum dot laser, ion trap laser, ion cascaded laser, semiconductor loop laser, mixing silicon laser.As used herein, term " low gain material " or " low gain working-laser material " refer to have the stimulated emission cross section (i.e. <=3.0*10 being equal to or less than Er:YAG ^-20cm ²) the gain material/laser active material/laser active medium/gain medium of stimulated emission cross section.Example includes but not limited to:

-Er:YAG (er-doped YAG laser crystal main body) ... 2.6 ~ 3.0*10 ^-20cm ²

-Er:YSGG (er-doped YSGG laser crystal main body) ... 6.5*10 ^-21cm ²

-Er:YLF (er-doped YLF laser crystal main body) ... 12.5*10 ^-21cm ²

-Cr, Er:YSGG (mixing chromium-erbium YSGG) ... 5.2*10 ^-21cm ²

-Ho:YAG (mixing holmium YAG laser crystal main body) ... 1.2*10 ^-20cm ²

-Ho:YLF (mixing holmium YLF laser crystal main body) ... 1.47*10 ^-20cm ²

-CTH:YAG or Cr:Tm:Ho:YAG (mixing chromium-thulium-holmium YAG laser crystal main body) ... 7*10 ^-21cm ²

-Ho:Tm:Er:YLF (mixing holmium-thulium-erbium YLF laser crystal main body) ...

-Tm:YAG (mixing thulium YAG laser crystal main body) ... 1.5 ~ 2.5*10 ^-21cm ²

-Tm:YAP (mixing thulium YAP laser crystal main body) ... 5.0 ~ 6.0*10 ^-21cm ²

-Ho:Tm:YAG (mixing holmium-thulium YAG laser crystal main body) ... 9*10 ^-21cm ²

-Tm:Ho:YLF (mixing thulium-holmium YLF laser crystal main body) ... 5*10 ^-21cm ²

Relevant laser crystal material of main part is such as

-YAG (yttrium-aluminium-garnet)

-YSAG (yttrium scandium aluminium garnet)

-YSGG (yttrium scandium gallium garnet)

-YGG (yttrium gallium garnet)

-GdVO (gadolinium vanadate)

-GGG (Gd-Ga garnet)

-GSAG (gadolinium scandium aluminium garnet)

-GSGG (gadolinium scandium gallium garnet)

-LLGG (lanthanum lutetium Ga garnet)

-YAP (yttrium aluminium perovskite)

-YLF (YLF)

-BYF (barium yttrium fluoride)

-ceramic crystal main body, such as YAG, Lu ₂o ₃, Sc ₂o ₃and Y ₂o ₃

Fig. 1 shows the solid-state laser 1 of the monolithic profile pump used together with embodiments of the present invention.Basic laser framework is expressly simplified.Laser 1 comprises gain medium 2, preferably Er:YAG.Laser resonator 3 is formed by the end face 4 of en-block construction, and this en-block construction has high reverse--bias device (HR) the laser mirror 4a be deposited directly on gain media 2 and output coupler (OC) the laser mirror 4b be deposited directly on the opposite end of gain media 2.In the reflectivity of the output coupler 4b scope most preferably between 92.5% and 99%, this means that the laser of about 1% to 7.5% have left gain media 2 by output coupler 4b.Gain media 2 by pumping source 5 in the pumping of pump face 2a upper side.Pumping source 5 comprises at least one semiconductor laser, preferably the diode laser array of Emission Lasers bundle 5a.Laser resonator 3 has the diameter being less than or equal to 3mm, therefore has and is approximately less than 7.5mm ²cross-sectional area.

Disclosed profile pump solid-state laser 1 is average resonator in FIG, also referred to as plane planar resonator, its implication is that end face is orthogonal to optical axis L (relative to the angle in 90 ° with optical axis L, deviation is equal to or less than 0.05 °), this resonator comprises high reflectance laser mirror 4a and exports the laser mirror 4b of the fractional transmission be coupled, and this output coupled laser speculum 4b has the transmissivity between 1% to 7.5%.For some application, element 11 in chamber can be introduced between laser rods and laser mirror, such as electric light or the acoustooptic cell of Q switching, or for the etalon of wavelength tuning.Saturable absorber or bleachable absorber or SESAM also go for Q switching.Saturable absorber can serve as transmission or reflecting element.Saturable absorber can be made up of the one in material of main part that mentioning here, and can doped with such as rare earth element.The all right directly diffusion bond of saturable absorber is in laser active gain material.Laser 1 emitted energy: CW in one of operator scheme below such as, the gain that obtained by the accurate CW operation of pump diode laser can be switched, or mean the pulse mode of pump modulation.Fig. 1 discloses the gain media 2 with planar end surface 4, and described planar end surface 4 is by flat reflectivity laser mirror 4a and export coupled laser speculum 4b covering.In another advantageous embodiment, at least one end face 4 can have the shape of projection, depression, aspheric surface projection or aspheric surface depression, or or even there is relative to optical axis L (Laser output axle) flat surfaces of the angle (i.e. so-called wedge shape) between 89.7 °-90.3 °, to compensate very slight asymmetric or thermal lensing problem, thus the reflectivity laser mirror 4a be deposited directly on end face 4 and output coupled laser speculum 4b adopts the shape of respective end face 4.Allow beam-shaping at such laser mirror 4a, the 4b at the two ends of laser resonator 3 or allow adjustment thermal lens.Due to very short laser chamber, raised or sunken end face is used to need high accuracy in the manufacture of laser gain material.A critical nature of such curved end face needs the centrality being equal to or less than the angle that 3 arcs divide relative to optical axis L.Gain medium 2 is most preferably made up of low gain laser active material.

Disclosed solid-state laser 1 can also comprise the q switch being placed in outside, chamber in FIG.It can be placed on output coupler and to serve as extra reflecting surface to improve endovenous laser power, until owing to bleaching (such as, saturable absorber or SESAM) and make q switching over, or via control assembly activation/deactivation q switch and reflectivity goes back to the laser entering and export coupling light total transmissivity from the total reflection exporting coupling light energetically.

Disclosed solid-state laser 1 also comprises cooling in FIG, and it is not shown specifically.The example that cooling is arranged is such as open in Fig. 2 to Fig. 7.

Disclosed embodiment has such advantage in FIG, that is, the minor diameter of circular gain medium is less than or equal to 3mm, and corresponding cross-sectional area is approximately less than 7.5mm ², the pump light 5a of the pumping source 5 in its permission gain medium 2 has uniform high strength more or less, thus makes lasing uniform high strength in gain medium 2.In addition, the relatively high reflectivity of the output coupler 4a in the scope between 92.5% and 99% allows the outgoing laser beam B effectively producing high strength.In addition, for two end faces 4 provide reflectance coating 4a, 4b to reduce the loss of laser at end face 4 place, this also has contribution to the laser beam B of high strength.All combined measures allow to set up the diode side pumped solid-state laser can launching high-quality laser beam, and it can focus on about 1W/mm ²with 10 ⁸w/mm ²between scope in intensity.Therefore, solid-state laser 1 according to the present invention shows high efficiency, thus the moderate pump power of pumping source 5 is enough produced have the power of expectation and the laser beam B of quality.In FIG, the cross section of gain medium 2 is circular.The cross section of gain medium 2 can have other shape, such as rectangle, triangle, polygon or square.

Fig. 1 a illustrate in detail gain medium 2, and shows the end face 4 covered by the polishing metal block be combined on end face 4 or surperficial 4c on right side, and forms high reverse--bias (HR) laser mirror 4a thus.Left end face 4 is applied by the substrate 4d of such as metal level or semiconductor layer, thus forms output coupler (OC) laser mirror 4b.

Fig. 1 b illustrate in detail another embodiment of the gain medium 2 with laser mirror 4a and 4b, and laser mirror 4a and 4b comprises the crystal structure 4e applied by the substrate 4d of such as metal level or semiconductor layer.Crystal structure 4e is bonded on end face 4.Crystal structure 4e can serve as stress and reduce element to improve the stability of Emission Lasers and to reduce thermal lensing effect, and it has contribution to high laser stability in working range widely.The optical coating that crystal structure 4e can also contrast the optical coating be deposited directly on crystal more stable has contribution, is therefore often damaged due to thermal overload.

Fig. 1 c illustrate in detail another embodiment of the gain medium 2 with laser mirror 4a and 4b, and laser mirror 4a and 4b is made up of the substrate 4d of the such as metal level or semiconductor layer that are coated on end face 4.Such laser mirror 4a and 4b is attached to the end face 4 of gain medium 2, thus is formed and correspond to the high reverse--bias laser mirror 4b of laser mirror 4a, with reflects laser B at least in part.

Fig. 1 d illustrates the embodiment comprising q switch or saturable absorber 11.Fig. 1 e illustrates another embodiment comprising q switch or saturable absorber 11.According in the embodiment of Fig. 1 d and Fig. 1 e, q switch 11 can also be arranged between laser active medium 2 and output coupler (OC).Certainly be also possible by embodiment combination disclosed in Fig. 1 to Fig. 1 e.

Fig. 2 illustrates and comprises and the conduction-type cooler 6 heat transfer ground favourable embodiment of solid-state laser 1 of monolithic profile pump of the laser crystal that is connected or gain media 2.Conduction-type cooler 6 also keeps gain media 2.Pumping source 5 is arranged in the side of gain media 2.Reflector 7 is arranged in the opposite side of pumping source 5.Except reflector 7, conduction-type cooler face 6c also can comprise reflection characteristic, such as, comprise reflection characteristic by suitable coating, thus makes cooler face 6c also can be used as reflector.The pump light 5a of pumping source 5 enters gain media 2 at 2a place, side and leaves gain media 2 at relative 2b place, side.Depend on the absorption of the laser beam 5a in gain media 2, outgoing beam 5b (meaning a part for not absorbed laser beam 5 in gain media 2) is from gain media 2 outgoing, thus do not have absorbed/remaining pump light 5b hit reflector 7 and reflect at least in part, thus causing reflection lasering beam 5c, this reflection lasering beam 5c enters gain media 2.Depend on the optical characteristics of gain media 2 and the pumping source 5 as diode laser, laser beam 5f can cross gain media 2 in parallel direction or in another direction.Fig. 2 discloses and laser beam 5a is inputted the pump-coupling light be coupled in laser crystal 2.The pump light launched by diode laser 5 is directed into crystal 2 by slit 6e.Slit 6e can also be filled pump light transparent material, such as YAG (yttrium-aluminium-garnet) or sapphire, be therefore conducive to evenly the Heat transmission of symmetry, in addition, it finally makes solid-state laser stablize.In addition, this transparent material can be designed as the waveguide for pump light, to improve the pump light distribution in laser crystal inside further.This embodiment disclose the solid-state laser gain media 2 cooled symmetrically, wherein laser crystal 2 is arranged symmetrically and is remained in cooler 6.In most preferred embodiment, the solid-state laser 1 comprising the monolithic profile pump of laser resonator composite structure 3 is made up of the gain medium 2 with longitudinal axis L, wherein laser comprises conduction-type cooler 6, this conduction-type cooler 6 comprises the contact-making surface 6c of contact gain medium 2, thus contact-making surface 6c most preferably, symmetrically arranges relative to the longitudinal axis L of gain medium 2.Most preferably, this embodiment allows cooling laser gain media 2, thus makes to have symmetrical cooling relative to longitudinal axis L.An object of conduction-type cooler 6 is heat to be transferred to unshowned radiator from gain medium 2.Radiator can be the outer surface of such as conduction-type cooler 6.Conduction-type cooler 6 can also connect with other cooler (such as thermoelectric (al) cooler and/or force Air flow radiator, or thermoelectric (al) cooler and/or not water cooling system shown in figure 2).Conduction-type cooler 6 is made up of the material being suitable for transmitting heat, and most preferably, conduction-type cooler 6 is made up of the metal of such as copper or pottery or crystalline material or the another kind of material being applicable to reflector here mentioned.As disclosed in fig. 2, conduction-type cooler 6 comprises the side that is arranged in gain medium 2 and is arranged in the condenser chamber 6d of the opposite side of side 2a.Pump light 5a enters gain medium 2 by side 2a.Reflector 7 is arranged in condenser chamber 6d, and this also means that reflector 7 can be the reflecting surface of at least one sidewall of condenser chamber 6d, thus this sidewall can also be coated with reflectance coating.By adopting hot compound between gain media 2 and conduction-type cooler 6, such as heat radiator thickener, or the liquid metals of such as gallium, or the mixture of the liquid metals containing one or more solid metallic particles, can take further step to improve from gain media 2 to the Heat transmission of conduction-type cooler 6.

For the laser resonator structure 3 of the monolithic operated on the pump light 5a power of wide region, symmetrical Heat transmission is necessary.The laser crystal 2 with the space 6d replaced by contact-making surface 6c becomes unstable under high pumping light 5a power, and laser resonator structure 3 stops producing laser emission.The Heat transmission of the symmetry shown in figure 2 in embodiment causes symmetrical thermal lens, and laser resonator structure 3 can not be made so unstable, and allows to produce laser emission on the pump light 5a power of wide region.Also can compensate by angled end face 4 the asymmetrical Heat transmission corresponding to thermal lens, but be that this limits the valid function of laser resonator structure to an only specific pump light 5a power.

Fig. 2 a illustrates and comprises and conduction-type cooler 6 heat transfer ground another favourable embodiment of solid-state laser 1 of monolithic profile pump of the laser crystal that is connected or gain media 2.Laser 1 comprises the reflector 7 relatively arranged relative to longitudinal axis L and side 2a, and reflector 7 is arranged in gain medium 2 side just or reflector 7 is arranged on gain medium 2 just.

Fig. 3 illustrates and comprises and conduction-type cooler 6 heat transfer ground another embodiment of solid-state laser 1 of monolithic profile pump of the laser crystal that is connected or gain media 2.Pumping source 5 is arranged in the side of gain media 2.With compared with the embodiment of Fig. 2, indirect pump light laser beam 5a input being coupled to laser crystal 2 is disclosed, wherein, as disclosed in fig. 3 according to the embodiment of Fig. 3, before entering gain media 2, laser beam 5a's is reflected at the inner surface 6i of cooler 6 at least partially.Inner surface 6i is the surface being directed to the gap of gain medium 2 from diode laser 5 of cooler 6.Advantage for the longer path of pump light 5 be mix better/diffusion pump light 5 and to gain media (crystal 2) evenly pumping.This path also helps the different diode laser 5 using and have the different angles of departure, this means to use the diode laser with high or low brightness.Disclosed exemplary embodiment is symmetrical relative to plane C in figure 3.Such as, disclosed in figure 3, the width of the internal clearance 6m of cooler 6 can change, or such as, disclosed in Fig. 2, the width of the internal clearance 6m of cooler 6 can have identical width.

The heat management of cooler 6 and temperature control the most advantageously to be provided by Air flow, also may use thermoelectric-cooled, but water-cooled can be suitable also.

Fig. 4 illustrates and comprises and cooler 6 heat transfer ground another embodiment of solid-state laser 1 of monolithic profile pump of the laser crystal that is connected or gain media 2.Gain media 2 is surrounded by the fluid flowed between outside plane of crystal 2c and the tubular part 6b of cooler 6 (particularly water or comprise the cooling fluid of water) on y direction L, and tubular part 6b arranges with one heart relative to longitudinal axis L.In the disclosed example, three pumping sources 5 separate with 120 ° relative to the longitudinal axis L of gain media 2, and arrange along the side of gain media.Each reflector 7 being arranged in three of the opposite side of corresponding pumping source 5 corresponding is arranged to, the pump light 5a of pumping source 5 is made to enter gain media 2, and as a part of pump light 5a outgoing, do not have absorbed/remaining pump light 5b to leave gain media 2 relative to side 2a, from gain media 2 outgoing, thus the pump light 5b of outgoing hits reflector 7 and is reflected by reflector 7 at least in part, form the outgoing pump light 5c of reflection, outgoing pump light 5c enters gain media 2 at least partially again.Fig. 4 discloses and pump light 5a is inputted the pump-coupling light be coupled in laser active medium 2.This embodiment disclose the gain media 2 cooled symmetrically, because laser crystal 2 is arranged symmetrically and is remained in cooler 6, cooler 6 comprises the tubular part 6b arranged with one heart relative to laser active medium 2, and the surperficial 2c of tubular part 6b and laser crystal 2 defines the volume that fluid cooling media can flow through.The all right Ei of cooler 6 builds the solid-state hollow tubular member as surrounding gain media 2, and preferably directly contacts with gain media 2.Solid-state cooler 6 like this can such as be built by the metal of such as copper.Disclosed embodiment is symmetrical relative to longitudinal axis L, thus element reflects device 7 and pumping source 5 are with the angle of 120 of correspondence ° layout, but other layout of angular distribution of symmetry any may be all useful.

Fig. 5 shows the laser 1 of the design similar with the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, but it comprises relative to longitudinal axis L with 90 ° of isolated two diode lasers 5.Laser 1 comprises conduction-type cooler 6, and this conduction-type cooler 6 comprises the contact-making surface 6c of contact gain medium 2, thus contact-making surface 6c arranges symmetrically relative to the longitudinal axis L of gain medium 2.Contact-making surface 6c can also be used as reflector, and wall 7, the 7a of condenser chamber 6d, especially sidewall 7a.

Fig. 6 shows another laser 1 of the design similar with the embodiment shown in Fig. 2.Laser 1 comprises conduction-type cooler 6, and this conduction-type cooler 6 comprises the contact-making surface 6c of contact gain medium 2, thus contact-making surface 6c arranges symmetrically relative to the longitudinal axis L of gain medium 2.Conduction-type cooler 6 comprises an a top 6h and two bottom 6g, thus gain medium 2 is clipped between top 6h and two bottom 6g.Conduction-type cooler 6 comprises slit 6e, and it allows the light of diode laser 5 to enter gain medium 2.The conduction-type cooler 6 relative with slit 6e comprises condenser chamber 6d, thus contact-making surface 6c is arranged symmetrically relative to the longitudinal axis L of gain media 2.Condenser chamber 6d comprises reflector 7, to reflect the light from gain medium 2 outgoing.The sidewall 7a of condenser chamber 6d also can be used as reflector.

Fig. 7 shows another laser 1 of the design similar with the embodiment shown in Fig. 2.Laser 1 comprises thermal conductivity cooler 6, such as metal cooler 6, and conduction material 6k is by gain medium 2 and cooler 6 hot link, thus when making the light when diode laser 5 launch into gain medium 2 and heated gain medium 2, between gain medium 2 and cooler 6, produce hot-fluid 6f.The contact-making surface 6c with the gain media 2 of conduction material 6k arranges symmetrically relative to the longitudinal axis L of gain media 2.

Figure 10 schematically shows the Energy distribution of the signal strength signal intensity on x direction and y direction corresponding to the laser beam B of being launched by the gain medium 2 of disclosed laser 1 in the figure 7.Symmetrical hot-fluid 6f causes oval energy density.An advantage is according to an embodiment of the invention, most preferably, has symmetrical Temperature Distribution, be similar to Energy distribution disclosed in Figure 10 in gain medium 2.More preferably, Temperature Distribution keeps symmetrical or roughly symmetrical in the wide region being input to the power in gain medium 2 by diode laser 5.This effect by relative to longitudinal axis L symmetrically cooling laser gain media 2 realize.This layout allows to reduce thermal aberration during the operation of laser.Cooling geometry according to symmetry of the present invention avoids uncompensated thermal gradient, and it causes birefringence that is lens, that caused by stress and other optical aberration usually.Due to the cooling geometry of symmetry, laser 1 according to the present invention there will not be this effect.The most advantageously, high power, accurate CW diode array 5 are used to side-pumped laser gain media 2, for generation of the high peak power pulse in the pulse energy region of millijoule to joule.Gain medium 2 is bar or flat board typically.Can almost not have during operation to operate in the wide energy range of thermal aberration according to laser 1 of the present invention.Therefore do not need the parts compensating thermal aberration, thus result in that the cheapness of high power laser light can be provided, reliable laser device.

It is open that another kind provides the measure of high performance operation laser device 1 (particularly realizing high strength, high pulse energy and high pulse repetition rate) to be undertaken by the exemplary embodiment below shown in Fig. 7 to Fig. 9.Fig. 7 shows the cross-sectional view of the laser device 1 comprising the laser rods 2 be arranged in cooler 6.The contact-making surface 6c with the gain media 2 of conduction material 6k arranges symmetrically relative to the longitudinal axis L of gain medium 2.Laser 1 is monolithic solid state laser 1, this monolithic solid state laser 1 comprises laser resonator structure 3 disclosed in Fig. 1, it has laser high reverse--bias device 4a on an end face of laser rods 2, and has output coupler 4b on another end face of laser rods 2.Laser rods 2 material comprises such as Er:YAG.Laser rods 2 such as can have the diameter of 1mm or 1.4mm or 2mm.Diode laser array 5 has the wavelength in 760nm to 815nm or 955nm to 985nm scope.Figure 20 shows the absorption coefficient of the Er:YAG material of the function as wavelength.It is known that select the wavelength of diode laser array 5, thus it is made to correspond to the maximum absorbance of laser active material 2.Another aspect of the present invention is, has been found that the shortcoming that the pump light that such wavelength chooses has diode laser array 5 is absorbed to heavens by laser rods 2.This causes absorbed effect in the region of the side 2a of pump light in laser rods 2, thus only has the pump light of the amount of minimizing can enter the center of laser rods 2, and here most electronics should be activated.In order to overcome this effect, have been found that the dominant wavelength selecting diode laser 5, thus make the absorption that minimizing occurs in laser rods 2.Based on Figure 20, this can realize by selecting the dominant wavelength of diode laser 5, thus dominant wavelength is offset relative to the peak absorbance rate of gain medium 2, the dominant wavelength of diode laser 5 even can be selected at the low or even minimum absorption coefficient place of gain medium 2.Depend on the low gain laser active material of use, can change from the pump wavelength selected to the deviation of Pumping light absorption rate peak value.Such as, the wavelength of diode laser 5 can relative to the peak absorbance rate line skew of gain medium 2 up to 15nm, and preferably offset up to 10nm, its Er:YAG such as used is about 964nm, is the mean value center in high-absorbility region.In addition, as disclosed in Fig. 7 to Fig. 9, the pump light of diode laser 5 is advantageously guided, preferably to use the uniform illumination of the light of diode laser 5 realization to gain medium 2.

The path of pump light 5 schematically shows in figures 7 and 8, and wherein pump light 5a launched by diode laser 5, and it enters gain medium 2, and it leaves gain medium 2 partially across gain medium 2 as outgoing pump light 5b.The wavelength of pumping semiconductor laser is in the scope such as between 760nm and 985nm.Outgoing pump light 5b is reflected at reflector 7 place of condenser chamber 6d and is scattered back as the reflected pump light 5c again entered in gain medium 2, its maximally, partially across gain medium 2, and even can as reflection outgoing pump light 5d leave gain medium 2.

Such as, 100% of total emitted energy of diode laser 5 can enter gain medium 2, and 64% of total emitted energy can be absorbed in gain medium 2, and 36% of total emitted energy leaves gain medium 2 as outgoing pump light 5b.Reflected at reflector 7 place and as total emitted energy about 36% outgoing pump light 5b enter gain medium 2 with the form of reflected pump light 5c, and about 10% of total emitted energy leaves gain medium 2 as the outgoing pump light 5d of reflection.

As disclosed in the fig. 8, diode laser 5 and reflector 7 are most preferably arranged relative to longitudinal axis L by this way, make longitudinal axis L have equal distance D1, D2 with each in diode laser 5 and reflector 7.In other words, in a preferred embodiment, the length of the light path between pumping source 5 and longitudinal axis L is equal with the length of the light path between longitudinal axis L and reflector 7 or roughly equal.Fig. 9 more clearly discloses the path of the light of diode laser 5, thus the right side that the path of the pump light 5c of reflection is illustrated in reflector 7 for illustrated object enters gain medium 2 and leaves gain medium 2 as outgoing pump light 5d.The pump light 5a launched by diode laser 5 enters gain medium 2, and the part of pump light 5a as outgoing pump light 5b from gain medium 2 outgoing.Outgoing pump light 5b reflector 7 place reflection, thus make reflect pump light 5c again enter gain medium 2, and reflection pump light 5c a part as reflection outgoing pump light 5d from gain medium 2 outgoing.In figs. 8 and 9 an advantage of the beam path of disclosed pump light be gain medium 2 preferably equably or illuminated roughly equably.An advantage of such illumination of gain medium 2 is, it allows to realize high power density and preferably also allows to realize the good beam profile very similar with gaussian intensity profile.

In most preferred embodiment, the wavelength of pumping source 5 (i.e. diode laser 5) is selected relative to the character of gain medium 2, make 30% to 70% of pump light 5a (more preferably, about 50% to 65%) absorbed by gain medium 2, remaining as outgoing pump light 5b from gain medium 2 outgoing.Such wavelength guarantees that gain media 2 is uniformly illuminated.Most preferably, select in the wavelength of pumping source 5 scope between 955nm to 985nm, wherein the wavelength dependence of pumping source 5 is in the dopant material used, thus make can be manufactured at the diode laser 5 of the wavelength emission needed.If gain media 2 comprises holmium or thulium, most preferably, select in the scope of the wavelength of pumping source 5 between 760nm to 815nm.

The most advantageously, disclosed in Fig. 7, contact zone 6c therefore symmetrical relative to longitudinal axis L to the hot-fluid 6f of cooler 6 from gain medium 2, thus make the light path 5a disclosed in Fig. 7 to Fig. 9,5b, 5c, 5d cause gain medium 2 along the longitudinal axis L effect the hottest at center.This embodiment has such advantage, and it can provide high pulse energy and high power, and the temperature effect caused due to the heating to gain medium 2 is minimum.This embodiment has additional advantage, and it allows high-repetition-rate, and this is that the temperature effect caused due to the heating to gain medium 2 is little, and causes the effective cooling to gain medium 2 due to this effect.

Figure 11 a illustrates laser power, and it is the average optical output power of the function as the electric current for different pulse repetition frequencys and different pulse lengths by diode laser 5.The pulse length that the solid-state laser 1 of two same structures is shown as use 100 μ s operates under 500Hz.The pulse length that the solid-state laser 1 of two same structures is shown as use 200 μ s operates under 250Hz.The pulse length that the solid-state laser 1 of two same structures is shown as use 200 μ s operates under 500Hz.The solid-state laser that Figure 11 a also show two same structures only has very little change, this means that the change according to solid-state laser of the present invention with same structure is very little.

Disclosed in Figure 11 b, solid-state laser 1 according to the present invention produces relatively high laser power, and it is the average optical output power in wide repetition rate.Disclosed in Figure 11 b, solid-state laser 1 can operate from about more than 100Hz to 1000Hz.

The effect of above-mentioned measure of the present invention can be seen in zlasing mode figure disclosed in Figure 12 and Figure 13, illustrated therein is the energy density of the laser beam B in the plane with direction x and y.Figure 12 shows the energy density of the laser beam B of transmitting, and laser rods 2 is cooled directly with water.Figure 13 shows the energy density of the laser beam B of transmitting, and laser rods 2 is cooled by the layout according to Fig. 2.Preferably, low repeatability and low heat loads and high-repetition-rate and more high heat load do not make the quality distortion of laser beam B for the effect of effective cooling.Gain medium 2 is most preferably column or oval column.This oval column has the distortion that can balance due to the laser beam such as caused at the conduction-type cooler 6 of such as cooler 6 disclosed in Fig. 2, Fig. 2 a, Fig. 3 or Fig. 5 to Fig. 7, thus the laser beam B making to have disclosed energy density approximately in fig. 12 can be implemented.

The laser crystal 2 comprising Er:YAG laser rods has been used to be described by way of example according to the embodiment of Fig. 7 to Fig. 9.Disclosed in Fig. 1 to Figure 16, all embodiments can comprise the laser rods of other applicable material, to realize and the same or similar effect such as described by Fig. 7 to Fig. 9.Most preferably, gain medium 2 is low gain materials of such as Er:YAG, Er:YSGG, Ho:YAG or Ho:Tm:YAG.

Figure 14 illustrates the cross-sectional view of profile pump solid-state laser 1.Laser 1 is included in gain medium 2 fixing between the bottom 6g of cooler 6 and top 6h.Laser 1 also comprises substrate 61.The array of diode laser 5 is along for arranging the gain medium 2 of its pumping.The array of semiconductor laser 5 is fixed on the plate 6n of such as printed circuit board (PCB).Disclosed in Figure 14, gain medium 2 most preferably has free end 2d, and it is not arranged in cooler 6, length preferably about 1mm of the free end 2d thus on longitudinal axis L direction.Free end 2d serves as stress and reduces element to improve the stability of Emission Lasers and to reduce thermal lensing effect, and this causes again the high laser stability in wide working range.Most preferably, disclosed in Fig. 2, Fig. 2 a, Fig. 3, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 all embodiments comprise disclosed in Figure 14 free end 2d, this free end preferably has the length of about 1mm.Figure 15 illustrates another cross-sectional view A-A that the embodiment of gain medium 2 is shown according to Figure 14, and it has the shape of bar, and it is fixed between the bottom 6g of cooler 6 and top 6h.Pumping source 5 (diode laser array) is arranged in gain medium 2 side.

Figure 16 illustrates the laser resonator structure 3 comprising gain medium 2, pumping source 5, output coupler 4b and separated laser high reverse--bias device 4a.If when the disclosed in fig 1 a total reflects laser speculum 4a be arranged on one of end face of main medium 2 becomes too hot due to high intracavity power, such embodiment may be needed, thus make not use the reflects laser speculum 4a be arranged on one of end face, but use separated reflects laser speculum 4a.

Figure 17 shows the relation of pump light 5 (curve below) and the laser beam B (curve above) of launching and time.Pump light 5 is by the gain medium 2 of gain medium 2 pumping to Emission Lasers bundle B.In the disclosed example, once gain medium 2 Emission Lasers bundle B, pump light 5 just stops, and this causes the very short laser pulse between 1 to 5 μ s pulse lengths.Can by extending pump light 5 thus making gain medium 2 be realized the pulse more grown by pumping during the longer time period, this causes the longer pulse of laser B.Figure 18 shows the relation of in longer time period pump light 5 (below curve) and the laser beam B (above curve) of launching and time.Such as, pump light 5 can transmitting regularly disclosed in Figure 18, thus laser pulse B is launched regularly.Figure 19 shows to correspond to and drives the pump light 5 (curve below) of pump diode 5 and operate lasers and another time diagram of the electric current of laser of launching under CW pattern (continuous wave mode).

Figure 21 illustrates the end view of monolithic solid state laser 1, and wherein laser beam B is expanded by lens 8a, 8b and focused on, laser beam B to be focused in target 10.Figure 22 illustrates the end view of monolithic solid state laser 1, and wherein laser beam B is expanded by lens 8a, 8b and focused on, laser beam B to be focused in optical fiber 9.In a preferred embodiment, the diameter of optical fiber 9, in the scope of 100 μm to 250 μm, is most preferably less than or equal to 200 μm, and in a preferred embodiment, the laser beam B entering into optical fiber 9 has the diameter being less than or equal to 100 μm.After the exit end place that other lens can be disposed in optical fiber 9 or exit end.Have and be less than 7.5mm ²being according to the advantage of gain medium 2 of the present invention of cross-sectional area, outgoing laser beam B can be focused onto the diameter being less than or equal to 100 μm.Known gain medium 2 has 3.5mm or even larger diameter, and this causes the laser beam B of such gain medium 2 can only focus on the problem of the diameter of about 400 μm, thus does not allow the laser beam producing high strength.In addition, the optical fiber 9 of diameter in the scope of 300 μm to 500 μm is needed.Therefore, the advantage according to solid-state laser 1 of the present invention is, can launch the laser beam B of high strength, and due to the minor diameter of laser beam, and diameter can be used to be such as be less than or equal to the little optical fiber of 200 μm.Therefore the laser beam B of high strength can pass through optical fiber 9 relatively.

In a preferred embodiment, especially, according to the wavelength of laser 1 of the present invention between 1700nm and 3200nm.Most preferably, use the wavelength of about 2950nm, this is because this wavelength is main local maximum in water absorption spectrum in MIR (in infrared) scope.In ultraviolet ray range, have another water absorption peak, but this wavelength does not give over to treatment or ablation vital tissues.Most preferably, gain media 2 can comprise the er-doped crystal laser bar for generation of the laser in scope between 2.73 and 2.95 μm.Laser can produce and focus on consumingly, to overcome thermal effect under TEM00 pattern.Can service time pulse width control to obtain uniform time pulse pattern.Diode or semiconductor laser pumping 5 can comprise diode array, and this diode array can by optical correction with profile pump gain media.The wavelength between 2.73 and 2.95 μm can be transmitted at diode side pumped er-doped crystal laser gain media 2.This pumping can be realized by the InGaAs diode laser being such as configured to post or the array launched between 955 to 985nm, and under the power level from the peak power place of 40W, can transmit under CW (continuous wave) or QCW (quasi c. w.) operator scheme.Use the output coupling optimized, light can be at least 10% to optical efficiency, and can realize the magnitude up to 35%.One embodiment of the present of invention are, these efficiency magnitudes are higher than those that may reach before, its reason is the design seeking minimum thermal effect and cavity loss of the present invention, and the beam path optimizing pump light operates with the CW that can realize high energy pulse or laser.

In a further advantageous embodiment, especially, according to the wavelength of laser 1 of the present invention between 1675nm and 2100nm, gain media 2 comprises mixing holmium and/or mixing the crystal laser bar of thulium for generation of the laser in scope between 1.67 and 2.1 μm thus.Laser can produce under TEM00 pattern, to overcome thermal effect.Can service time pulse width control to obtain uniform time pulse pattern.The wavelength between 1.67 and 2.1 μm can be transmitted at the diode side pumped crystal laser gain media 2 mixed holmium and/or mix thulium.This pumping can be realized by the AlGaAs diode laser that is such as configured to post or the array launched between 760 to 815nm or the GaSb diode laser such as launched between 1600 to 2050nm, and under the power level from the peak power place of 20W, can transmit under CW (continuous wave) or QCW (quasi c. w.) operator scheme.Use the output coupling optimized, light can be at least 10% to optical efficiency, and can realize the magnitude up to 85%.

The optical gain material 2 be applicable to can comprise following crystal: the Er:LiYF that transition is launched with 1.73 μm ₄(Er:YLF); ? the Er:LiYF that transition is launched with 2.80 μm ₄; ? the Er:Y that transition is launched with 2.79 μm ₃sc ₂gasO ₁₂(Er:YSGG); ? the Er:Gd that transition is launched with 2.8 μm ₃sc ₂gasO ₁₂(Er:GSGG); ? the Er:Gd that transition is launched with 2.82 μm ₃gasO ₁₂(Er:GGG); ? the Er that transition is launched with 2.69 μm, Tm:Y ₃al ₅o ₁₂(TE:YAG); ? the Er:KYF that transition is launched with 2.81 μm ₄; At Ho ³⁺⁵i ₆ ⁵i ₇the Ho that transition is launched with 2.84 μm, Yb:KYF ₄; ? the Er:Y that transition is launched with 2.94 μm ₃al ₅o ₁₂(Er:YAG); ? the Er:Y that transition is launched with 2.71 μm ₃alO ₃(Er:YALO); ? er:KGd (the WO that transition is launched with 2.8 μm _4s(Er:KGW); ? the Er:Al that transition is launched ₃o ₃; ? the Er:Lu that transition is launched with 2.7 μm ₃o ₃; ? the Er:CaF that transition is launched with 2.75-2.85 μm ₂; ? the Cr that transition is launched with 2.7 μm, Tm, Er:Y ₃al ₅o ₁₂(CTE:YAG); ? the Er:BaLu that transition is launched with 2.8 μm ₂f ₈; ? the Er:BaY that transition is launched with 2.7 μm ₂f ₈(Er:BYF); And with the Cr:ZnSe that 2-3 μm is launched.

With CTH:YAG or Cr:Tm:Ho:YAG that 2080nm, 2097nm and 2130nm launch

With the Ho:YAG that 2097nm launches

The Ho:YLF launched with 1850 to 2075nm

The Ho:Tm:YAG launched with 2091 to 2097nm

With the Tm:YAG that 2013nm launches

With the Tm:Cr:YAG that 2017nm launches

The Tm:YLF launched with 1675 to 2050nm

The Tm:YAP launched with 1965 to 2020nm

With the Tm:Lu:YAG that 2020nm launches

Side diode pumping erbium laser and Tm, Ho, Yb:KYF ₄another embodiment of laser is, when with pulse operation, this pulse mode is highly repeat on time and intensity.Such as, this performance can contribute to accurate, foreseeable cutting, and can improve cutting efficiency.In dentistry and medical applications, less heat or the thermal denaturation of this feature and tissue are consistent, thus can prepare to fully recover faster.

The invention is not restricted to mix Er, mix the low gain laser active material that Ho mixes or mix Tm, but also high gain lasers active material can be used, such as Nd:YVO ₄, Nd:YAG, Er: glass and other material a lot.When using high gain lasers active material, the invention has the advantages that very good robustness, this robustness can resist by impact event and the imbalance produced in time vibrating the imbalance that causes and cause due to thermal effect.

Due to the effective reciprocation of itself and biological tissue and water, such as organizing operation, tissue cutting, tissue ablation, dental operation, plastic surgery operations, bone cut and soft tissue surfaces process field in, be such as useful as surgery instrument according to laser of the present invention.

Figure 23 discloses according to therapeutic system of the present invention, and wherein hand-held device 20 is attached to table-top unit.Hand-held device 20 comprises according to solid-state laser 1 of the present invention, and the laser beam 21 being directed to target surface 23 along optical path 22 launched by this laser.Optical path 22 comprises solid-state laser 1, as being such as implemented as the Laser output coupler of diverging lens, light beam is formed and deflection unit 24, and this light beam is formed and deflection unit 24 can be divided into two parts, i.e. light beam formation and beam deflection part.Optical path 22 terminates at contact window 25 place, and the laser beam 26 formed at contact window 25 place penetrates target surface 23 from hand-held device 20 outgoing.Contact window preferably uses the window aperture seal of highly transparent, passes this window to make the laser beam with specific wavelength when not having energy ezpenditure or beam intensity.In addition, contact window 25 defines specific region on target surface 23, and in this region, the laser beam 26 of formation can penetrate target surface 23, and therefore defines treatment region at target surface.Because this therapeutic system 20 can use in medical applications, therefore can contact with living tissue, need carrying out cleaning and/or sterilizing to contact window between treatment each time.Therefore the lid 27 of contact window 25 must resist rodent cleaning medium, and in addition, lid 27 can be dismantled from hand-held device 20 and can separately clean or abandon, to be attached the new lid 27 for treating each time.This 27 can be snap-in shape device (snap-on like device), allows user be attached when not contacting it and dismantle lid 27, thus provides the sterilization of higher degree.

In order to be formed and laser focusing bundle corresponding in the outlet opening 25 in the target area on target surface 23, light beam formation and deflection unit 24 are widened coherent laser beam 21 execution of being launched by solid-state laser 21.Therefore, in optical path 22, the speculum 28 of optionally movement is arranged, to allow the deflection of laser beam.The example of the preferred embodiment that the light beam on deflection unit is formed is disclosed in WO 2009/150210.

During the operation of solid-state laser 1, producing unnecessary heat, in order to keep laser operation, unnecessary heat must be removed from solid-state laser 1.Therefore on solid-state laser 1, arrange cooling unit 29, this cooling unit 29 comprises chamber 30, and cooling fluid circulates in this chamber 30.Cooling unit 29 is connected to the coolant circulation system in table-top unit via cooling fluid feed tube 31.Therefore a large amount of heat energy can be removed from solid-state laser 1, under remaining on safe operating parameter to make laser, even if long operation is also like this under high duty ratio.

Formed and deflection unit 24 to control solid-state laser 1 and light beam, control unit 32 is arranged in hand-held device 20, this control unit 32 also comprises at least one high current capacity buffer 33, and such as, this high current capacity buffer 33 is implemented as tantalum or niobium capacitor.Control unit 32 corresponding to high current capacity buffer 33 is connected with the power supply in table-top unit via supply lines 34, and this power supply is provided for the electric energy charged to current buffer 33.

Control unit 32 can control switch unit 35 with operation and be connected, and this operation controls switch unit 35 can make the user of hand-held device 20 control the basic operation of solid-state laser, such as, control the transmitting of laser beam.

A major defect of the therapy system based on laser of prior art is very difficult task to the maintenance of laser.Usual Service Technicians must arrive scene, because laser system is before once be configured and operate just can not be implemented to delivering of maintenance site, this is because such transport seriously can damage laser system.Due to the firm embodiment of solid-state laser according to the present invention, laser does not need the process of SC, therefore in the not hurtful situation of laser, easily can realize changing, especially be transported to maintenance site.Therefore the favourable embodiment of therapeutic system is that hand-held device 20 comprises detachable connector 36, uses this detachable connector 36, and hand-held device 20 can be connected with table-top unit via flexible pipe 37.Connector 36 can be screw-type or bayonet type connector parts, also has the connector component 38 arranged especially and calibrate, and this connector component 38 is for connecting hollow wire 31 in hand-held device 20 and supply lines 34, and it corresponds to pipe in flexible pipe 37 and line.Another advantage of this embodiment is, each hand-held device with the solid-state laser 1 launched at specific wavelength can be connected to table-top unit.Therefore when not needing multiple therapeutic system to use, only by simply reusing, the special wavelength selected just can be used to treat, correspondingly the table-top unit providing operating power with the supply of operation medium is connected with various selection of the hand-held device designed separately.

Figure 24 discloses another embodiment of therapeutic system, in particular discloses unit hand-held device (stand alone hand-held device) 39.It is identical that basic function element and Figure 23 before describe, and especially, solid-state laser 1 realizes according to the present invention.Because device 39 is stand-alone device, the cooling of solid-state laser 1 does not realize by liquid cooled system, but all must complete in hand-held device 39.Therefore cooling unit 29 is implemented as solid-state cooling unit, and it can such as comprise natural air cooling device.The limited amount of the treatment that can realize owing to using mobile handsets 39, such as due to the reason of energy supply, the repetition rate of laser element 1 and the heat therefore produced by solid-state laser, free air cooling is just enough to solid-state laser to remain in normal operating parameter.According to an embodiment, cooling unit 29 can comprise material 40, and the reversible phase of this material 40 changes in the operating temperature range of laser.As already known, the phase of material changes needs the heating than in a phase to need much more heat energy.Usually there is phase and change in such as paraffin, this is very suitable for the unnecessary heat receiving solid-state laser 1 when the temperature of about 42 °.During operation suspension, the paraffin of heating is by the heat emission that stores to surrounding environment, thus the phase performed from liquid to solid changes, and is therefore use self to prepare next time.

Energy for operate lasers and control unit 32 is provided by electrical energy storage means 41, and this electrical energy storage means 41 is such as implemented as lithium ion or lighium polymer secondary battery.After performing repeatedly treatment operation, hand-held device 39 is connected to electric power system via connectivity port 42, thus recharges electrical energy storage means 41 in order to next operation circulates.

In order to configure the unit hand-held device 39 needed for the treatment that will carry out, hand-held device also comprises user interface 43, and preferably, this user interface 43 has display and input unit.This user interface 43 is connected to control unit and allows the independent configuration to laser operational parameters, and does not need hand-held device 39 to be connected with external control unit outside.

Figure 25 discloses therapeutic system, its comprise be arranged in housing 44 according to solid-state laser 1 of the present invention.This solid-state laser 1 Emission Lasers bundle 21, this laser beam 21 is directed to photocon 45 by optical couping device 46.This optical couping device 46 can based on the effect of non-imaged or image forming optics, optical fiber-concentrator or conical fiber.Photocon 45 can be such as single fiber or many fiber optic components, wherein the object of optical couping device 46 be by diameter be fibre diameter about 60% laser beam 21 be directed in photocon 45, be wherein that the laser beam 21 of about 150 to 550 μm is incorporated into single fiber element by diameter, or when many fibre-optic light guides element 45, be introduced in the optical fiber of many 75 to 200 μm.

Housing 44 can also comprise the device for generation of gas-pressurized and/or the device for generation of fluid under pressure.Relative to surrounding environment, gas-pressurized can have normal pressure or negative pressure, the gas wherein with normal pressure may be used for blowing away the material in the ablation of target area place, and the gas-pressurized with negative relative power can be used for siphoning away from target area the material (comprising the liquid being present in target area) of ablation.Disclose the device 47 for generation of negative gas-pressurized in fig. 25, it merges the conduit leading to refuse storehouse 48, thus permission is sucked away the material of ablation and is collected the litter-bin 48 for carrying out safety removal from target area, wherein laser penetration target surface.

At least photocon 45 is connected to hand-held device 50 via flexible pipe 49.Flexible pipe can be that optical fiber strengthens flexible pipe, is wherein at least furnished with photocon 45.For the reason simplified, the flexible pipe being wherein furnished with many lines is plotted as single line in fig. 25.The object of flexible pipe is to protect the line arranged wherein, to make the hand-held device 50 arranged apart with housing 44 move freely.In another embodiment, flexible pipe self can be made up of optical light guides element, and wherein photocon comprises protection flexible cover, which provides the flexible pipe with low-down diameter and higher degree of flexibility.Hand-held device 50 is such as solid-state hand-held devices, is similar to the drilling equipment of dentist.Inner at hand-held device 50, photocon 45 and as working end 52 place for providing the pipeline 51 of fluid under pressure and/or gas-pressurized to be disposed in hand-held device 50 in the example of Figure 25.The port of export 53 is disposed in working end 52 place, this port of export is connected to photocon 45, and another port of export is connected to pipeline 51, in the embodiment described, the port of export being connected to pipeline be arranged in be connected to photocon 45 the port of export around, the place siphoning away the material of ablation like this around working region provides active tip (working tip), and in this working region, laser beam penetrates target surface.

For the reason of sterilization, working cap 54 can be placed on the top of the active tip 5 extending the port of export, and forbids the contact of active tip, especially forbids the end of photocon 45 and target surface or the material with ablation.This is even more important for clinical practice, wherein must avoid shifting biomaterial from a patient to another patient.Head protector 54 can be the disposable apparatus of single use or can reuse but the device that can thoroughly clean, thus reduces the cleaning keeping hand-held device 50 to sterilize.

Hand-held device 50 can also comprise console switch 55, and this console switch 55 is connected to the control unit 56 in housing 44 via flexible pipe.This console switch 55 can be such as simple ON/OFF switch, controls the operation of solid-state laser 1 and the device controlled for generation of gas-pressurized and/or fluid under pressure.Other possible control switch provides more complicated possibility, depends on how user controls the operation of the various devices for performing treatment.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, hand-held device 50 can be dismantled from solid-state laser 1.Therefore hand-held device 50 and/or housing 44 can comprise connector component 57, and this connector component 57 allows hand-held device 50 to disconnect from flexible pipe 49, or is disconnected from housing 44 by flexible pipe 49.Another kind of embodiment is also possible, wherein only has connector component 57 to be attached to flexible pipe, thus removes single-piece hand-held device and flexible pipe from housing.Because an operating area of therapeutic system is clinical practice, the thorough cleaning and disinfection to each parts with biomaterial contact must be carried out.When photocon 45 be high complexity and very expensive material (such as sapphire), use head protector 54 be fit closely because which alleviates the requirement of the pipeline of clean hand-held device 50 and flexible pipe 49 inside.In addition, hand-held device 50 can be the device that single uses, and therefore it can disconnect from flexible pipe, be dropped and be used to the next new hand-held device used and replace.On the other hand, photocon 45 can be SiO ₂, it is the material be dirt cheap being used as photocon, is abandoned by hand-held device 50 and treat each time all to use new parts to be applicable scheme together with flexible pipe 49.Disconnected from flexible pipe 49 by hand-held device 50, and disconnected separately from housing 44 by flexible pipe, provide the possibility performing independent disinfecting steps, hand-held device can such as be sterilized in high-pressure sterilizer unit, and flexible pipe can be immersed in antiseptic solution.

Electrical connector 57 is provided for independent coupling part pipeline and photocon aimed at, thus sets up the compact siro spinning technology of liquid and/or gas.In addition, when laser beam is switched to hand-held device 50 from flexible pipe 49, junction loss is not had.This is equally applicable to the link be connected with housing 44 by flexible pipe.

Figure 26 a discloses the description of the simplification to active tip, and wherein fluid under pressure is supplied to tip by pipeline, and fluid under pressure is provided the pipeline with negative relative pressure and siphons away together with the material of ablation.In the embodiment described, photocon 45 is implemented as many fibre-optic light guides element, and it comprises many single optical fibers 61.Fluid under pressure is transported to active tip end 59 by pipeline 58, and another pipeline 60 provides the gas-pressurized with negative relative pressure and it also has outlet opening on active tip end 59.The single fiber 61 of photocon 45 is arranged providing the pipeline of gas-pressurized.For providing the pipeline of fluid under pressure 58 to surround optical fiber 61, therefore fluid under pressure transmits providing the neighboring of the pipeline of gas-pressurized and provide between the neighboring of the pipeline of fluid under pressure, thus surrounds single optical fiber 61.When laser can operate, each single fiber 61 is all to target surface Emission Lasers bundle.The liquid provided by pipeline 58 is also directed into target area, to wash away the material of ablation.In order to remove the material of ablation from target area, the liquid provided is inhaled into the pipeline 60 providing negative relative pressure together with the material of ablation, therefore keeps target area to clean and avoids the potential histologic lesion that causes due to the scattering of laser beam or the insertion of unnecessary heat.

Figure 26 b shows another embodiment of active tip end 59 in the mode of front view.Single fiber light guide element 45 is disposed in the centre of active tip end 59, is surrounded with the port of export 63 for gas-pressurized with negative relative pressure by the port of export 62 for fluid under pressure.Because liquid is used to rinse target area, then this liquid is siphoned away by pipeline 63 by the mode of negative-pressure gas together with the material of ablation, and therefore it has the function similar with an embodiment describing in Figure 26 a.

Figure 26 c discloses another embodiment of active tip end 59 in the mode of front view, and wherein arrange that several optical fiber connectors 61, of photocon are for providing fluid under pressure 62 at pipeline, one for providing the gas-pressurized 62 with negative pressure.In addition, can also arrange illuminace component 64 in tip end, this light-emitting component may be implemented as light-emitting diode, or, preferably, this illuminace component 64 is implemented as photocon separately, or can be to provide the optical fiber of photocon of laser beam.In addition, another photocon or provide the optical fiber of the photocon of laser beam also can be used as image collection parts 65, image is directed to graphical analysis in housing and material components and therefore for operator provides the view clearly to target area by these image collection parts 65, and this point is only impossible based on the supervision of human eye to target area.

Active tip end 59 can also comprise sonic transducer, corresponding to the active tip of sonic transducer, or the electrode of radio frequency sending set, both are all provided in the further application possibility of target area ablator.

Figure 26 d discloses the end view of active tip end 59, and wherein the top surface of active tip end given prominence to by photocon 45, and wherein photocon also has the end of shaping, and such as tilt (skew) 66.Inclined-plane can be arranged by dielectric layer or layer and cover, or based on total internal reflecting operation, thus make the laser beam transmitted by photocon 45 leave this element with the angle different from the parallel axes of photocon, such as, leave this element perpendicular to this parallel axes.This embodiment can with operative orientation differently ablator, especially can on the region on the operative orientation side of active tip ablator.

In order to integrality, the further preferred form of embodiment is as follows:

I.)

-a kind of medical laser apparatus,

-comprise the laser described in this application,

-comprising coupling unit, this coupling unit allows laser to be coupled at least one photocon (such as, fibre optic, doughnut optics, hinged handel) best,

-be coupled at least one photocon, this photocon is designed to replaceable and can sterilizes or as disposable unit

Pathogenic agglomerate (gall stone, arteriosteogenesis, kidney stone, vesical calculus etc.) in-treatment body, wherein, in order to by the evaporation of the explosivity of moisture in agglomerate or by by moisture or directly the explosivity containing the tissue of moisture before agglomerate or around evaporate the shock wave caused, high pulse energy or high energy pulse is used to destroy them, these agglomerates in photocon close proximity to body.

-use the advantage of such laser to be, in order to make treatment be applicable to patient individually, pulse energy, pulse duration and intensity (pulse energy of time per unit) and repetition rate can be adjusted in wide region.Another advantage of laser described herein is, the ultrasonic energy reducing the heat damage because commercially available flash lamp pumped lasers system causes or less preferably guide.

II.)

-a kind of medical laser apparatus,

-comprise the laser described in this application,

-comprising coupling unit, this coupling unit allows laser to be coupled at least one photocon (such as, fibre optic, doughnut optics, hinged handel) best,

-be coupled at least one photocon, this photocon is designed to replaceable and can sterilizes or as disposable unit

-these photocons (at least one) are connected to hand-held device, and it can be removable and may be sterilizable or be designed to disposable unit

-hand-held device also may comprise coupling unit, laser is coupled at least one photocon by best, then be directed on the point that will treat or be directed in photocon, this photocon can be removable and may be sterilizable or be designed to disposable unit

-except at least one in these photocons, also may be useful in and take and/or suck the subsidiary pipeline of fluid and/or gas and/or electrical lead wire away (such as from this device, switch activation signal, index signal ...), and/or for transmit from the point that will treat data or guide light to the optical line (illumination, laser, target laser ...) of the point that will treat.

-for the treatment of (animals or humans) disease of eye, such as, glaucoma and cataract (subordinate treatment is the cataract surgery by ultrasonic emulsification for cataract (decomposition crystalline lens) follow-up insertion artificial lens), usually cause the glaucomatous interior intraocular pressure (subordinate treatment is trabeculotomy or iris ablation art) increased, for the Vitrea treatment of " muscae volitantes " or turbid glass body (subordinate treatment is vitrectomy).Last but and not the least important, crystalline lens corrects and this laser can be used to realize.

-use the advantage of such laser to be, being applicable to the position that will treat in order to make treatment individually, pulse energy, pulse duration and intensity (pulse energy of time per unit) and repetition rate can be adjusted in wide region.Such as, during ultrasonic emulsification for cataract, use laser to lenticular decomposition than commercially available ultrasonic disruption device or flash of light pumped solid-state laser much mild, this is because the heat energy used is less and can control better.As long as it is not near health tissues or the lenticular inside will do not decomposed, the lens tissue in crystalline lens region is decomposed, and high pulse energy and high-repetition-rate just can be used to carry out work.As long as close to the region near lenticular edge or health tissues, in order to work more accurately, laser energy and repetition rate will reduce.Lower repetition rate prevents heat energy to accumulate in the tissue and then causes it to be destroyed.Use ultrasonic wave, crystalline lens is decomposed by shock wave, is caused by Rubus Tosaefulins at shock wave in the laser.If only adopt an optical fiber or a little optical fiber to remove tissue, so Rubus Tosaefulins than during the some optical fiber of use more greatly and/or longer.Its risk is that the dissipation of the shock wave entering health tissues is too large.So will no longer ensure complete, mild lenticularly to remove.Therefore, around the suction channel for removing material or passage of irrigation fluid, arrange that some optical fiber is favourable, like this, in some cases, the exit direction revised of light causes some to cut by optical fiber connector.All above-mentioned possibilities are also very favorable when removing vitreum (vitreum ablation art).In some cases, laser laterally occurs that (such as, in 90 ° with the light in photo-conduction cell) is significant, with avoid such as during vitreum ablation art to amphiblestroid direct infringement.In addition, in trabeculotomy, little opening that is accurate, that limit can be produced in eyes, and produce the passage be applicable to being used for control chamber liquid and flowing out from inside.Finally, due to the possibility of the very good adjustment of laser described herein, the accurate crystalline lens that can realize unprecedented middle infrared laser corrects, and this also brings significantly reduced acquiring and maintaining cost compared with excimer laser or femto secondary laser device.Ideally, medical laser apparatus can receive several handpiece unit or have the fiber unit of handpiece, with cover eyes or the operation relevant to eyes and correction treatment (containing breaking) widely or even whole scopes.

III.)

-a kind of medical laser apparatus,

-comprise the laser described in this application,

-comprising coupling unit, this coupling unit allows laser to be coupled at least one photocon (such as, fibre optic, doughnut optics, hinged handel) best,

-be coupled at least one photocon, this photocon is designed to replaceable and can sterilizes or as disposable unit

-these photocons (at least one) are connected to hand-held device, and it can be removable and may be sterilizable or be designed to disposable unit

-hand-held device also may comprise coupling unit, laser is coupled at least one photocon by best, then be directed on the point that will treat or be directed in photocon, this photocon can be removable and may be sterilizable or be designed to disposable unit

-except at least one in these photocons, also may be useful in and take and/or suck the subsidiary pipeline of fluid and/or gas and/or electrical lead wire away (such as from this device, switch activation signal, index signal ...), and/or for transmit from the point that will treat data or guide light to the optical line (illumination, laser, target laser ...) of the point that will treat.

-be used for the treatment of the disease of (animal or human) brain or other organ, with accurately and the mode limited remove tissue part.Example is the cerebrocentric treatment to causing such as epileptics, thus can to thinking that ill region is removed accurately.Another possibility is the deposit (such as, artery sclerosis) removed in the blood vessel or on blood vessel.An example is the arteria carotis calcification of the increase in the very large crowd of population of about 50 years old.Deposit is found usually in the mantle of blood vessel, instead of is transmitting the extravascular of blood.Here, laser also must carry out very trickle adjustment in pulse energy and repetition rate two.At skull and vascular surgery, shortest pulse duration is necessary, to guarantee to cause heat damage hardly to surrounding tissue, but can not be too short to such an extent as to do not produce any shock wave, mechanical energy can be dispersed into surrounding tissue again by this, thus is destroyed.Optimum pulse greatly between 1 to 50 μ s (also see Pulsed Laser Ablation ofTissue:Analysis of the removal process and tissue healing disclosed in Joseph T.Walsh in 1981, the document is merged in the application) and depend on the pulse energy of setting and be directed to the quantity of photo-conduction cell of the position that will treat.

IV.)

-a kind of medical laser apparatus,

-comprise the laser described in this application,

-comprising coupling unit, this coupling unit allows laser to be coupled at least one photocon (such as, fibre optic, doughnut optics, hinged handel) best,

-be coupled at least one photocon, this photocon is designed to replaceable and can sterilizes or as disposable unit

-these photocons (at least one) are connected to hand-held device, and it can be removable and may be sterilizable or be designed to disposable unit

-hand-held device also may comprise coupling unit, laser is coupled at least one photocon by best, then be directed on the point that will treat or be directed in photocon, this photocon can be removable and may be sterilizable or be designed to disposable unit

-except at least one in these photocons, also may be useful in and take and/or suck the subsidiary pipeline of fluid and/or gas and/or electrical lead wire away (such as from this device, switch activation signal, index signal ...), and/or for transmit from the point that will treat data or guide light to the optical line (illumination, laser, target laser ...) of the point that will treat.

-be used for the treatment of the disease of (animal or human) bone.The treatment of this laser is used to be intended for the operation (be separated from each other or divide out from hyperblastosis, stapetoplastics) of melting phonophore, and the operation carried out of opponent's bone and craniomaxillofacial surgery, wherein must avoid using the method to the hurtful shortage accuracy of face nerve.Another major advantage of laser described herein is, compared with flash of light pump laser or machine work instrument, causes in bone tissue, produce quite a small amount of pyrolytic damage.Therefore rehabilitation process is optimised and fast much doubly.Osteocyte can more easily grow to together and blood coagulation and/or carbonization occur hardly, and therefore osteocyte can directly connect and joint is surrounded by quite a small amount of hyperplasia again.Except to except the treatment of bone, the treatment of cartilage and disc tissue is also constituted to a part for orthopaedics.In order to alleviate and even eliminate pain, also can with the mode smoothing limited accurately in the hyperplasia in joint.Another application field prepares bone in order to temporarily or for good and all bonding connection element (such as screw and other boring of implanting) in fracture incidents.When the fracture boning or improperly/less preferably engage, accurately can prepare breakaway poing, thus make fracture grow to together best.Another application field is the cancer cell accurately removed in bone, such as, and giant-cell tumor or other optimum or malignant tumors.

In dermatology, laser parameter can change by this way, namely, on the one hand, very short pulse is used can to cause the ablation inputted by the low-down or insignificant heat to surrounding tissue, on the other hand, in darker skin layer, with the heat superposition of the mode of long pulse and high-repetition-rate by producing, their produce the thermal activation of collagen contraction or the stimulation to fibrils grow, thus energy is also to organizing loses heat around pore or ablated area.

For the embodiment of above-mentioned form, laser self or photocon can be installed on the positioning device, and it automatically automatically moves on the path of pre-programmed along the axle of on X, Y and/or Z-direction, or manually moves in space.In addition, target can manually or in the mode of pre-programmed move under laser on whole at most three dimension axles.After beam deflector can also directly be assemblied in laser or photocon, this beam deflector in the mode of manual or pre-programmed by laser beam at least one axle upper deflecting.By operating help (such as, online X-ray monitors or other process, such as OCT (optical coherence tomography)), contribute to accurate operation, by operating help, treatment doctor can see online and see the place of his/her ablator at that time exactly.The difference (calcification in bone and nerve fiber, blood vessel, such as, artery sclerosis etc.) of tissue can be identified, and can monitor and consider the spatial dimension of the material wanting ablation or ablation.

Laser parameter is via driver or " semiconductor laser ", laser diode drive control, and the various operator scheme of described driver control, such as continuous wave, quasi c. w. (pulse), gain switch.Can control impuls repetition rate, pulse energy (electric current via " semiconductor laser "), impulse form (sawtooth, sine, rectangle, trapezoidal ...) and rise and fall time.Generally for and prevent unwanted heat load in laser crystal, select the rectangular pulse with the short rise and fall time.Supply lines between laser diode drive and laser is longer, rise time is slower, sometimes the fall time caused due to the lead inductance that caused by kelvin effect and/or resistance is also slower, and causes more energy not used or to laser crystal ineffectually pumping.If it is particularly advantageous that laser diode drive is installed near laser.The most important parameter almost directly corresponding to the laser pulse produced can be set by user, the electric current of such as laser diode drive, repetition rate pulse duration.Photocon can be hinged handel, hollow optical fiber, optical transmitter and based on sapphire, germanium oxide, Si oxide or based on fluoride or the current ceramic fibre developed (such as, current developing transparent in aluminium, zirconium, the pottery of magnesium etc.) other list or many glass fibres.

For the method for coupling light guiding element, most significantly, for the method for multiple photocon that is coupled, be known to those skilled in the art.But its cost benefit is basic.For the reason in space, it is rational for being coupled in base station by multiple photo-conduction cell.Because the photo-conduction cell in middle infra-red range is very expensive, attempt only to be coupled with the optical fiber being directed to this hand-held device in the handheld device, in this hand-held device, this optical fiber is divided into several photo-conduction cells and brings to the tip of hand-held device.

Reference numerals list

1 solid-state laser

2 gain mediums

3 resonator structure

4 end faces

5 pumping sources

6 conduction-type coolers

7 reflectors

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20 hand-held devices

21 laser beams

22 optical paths

23 target surfaces

24 light beams are formed, deflection unit

25 contact windows

26 laser beams

27 lids

28 speculums

29 cooling units

30 chambeies

31 pipes

32 control units

33 current buffers

34 supply lines

35 control switch unit

36 connectors

37 flexible pipes

38 connector components

39 unit hand-held devices

40 phases change material

41 electrical energy storage means

42 connectivity ports

43 user interfaces

44 housings

45 photocons

46 optical couping devices

47 for generation of the device of gas-pressurized

48 refuse storehouses

49 flexible pipes

50 handheld units, hand-held device

51 pipelines

52 working distal tip, active tip

53 ports of export

54 working caps, head protector

55 console switchs

56 control units

57 connector components

58 pipelines

59 active tip ends

60 pipelines

61 fibers

62 for the port of export of fluid under pressure

63 for the port of export of gas-pressurized

64 illuminace components

65 image collection parts

66 inclined-planes

Claims (57)

1. the solid-state laser (1) of a monolithic profile pump, comprise the laser resonator structure (3) be made up of the gain medium with the longitudinal axis (L) (2), and comprise conduction-type cooler (6), wherein laser resonator structure (3) is included in the end face (4) forming linear light path resonant cavity therebetween, described end face (4) comprises the laser mirror (4a of reflection at least partly, 4b), a laser high reverse--bias device (4a) and output coupler (4b) are deposited on described end face (4), gain medium (2) comprises the side (2a) of the pump light (5a) for receiving pumping source (5), wherein pump light (5a) is produced by diode laser (5), and, described solid-state laser (1) comprises the reflector (7) relatively arranged relative to the longitudinal axis (L) and side (2a), it is characterized in that, gain medium (2) has and is less than 7.5mm ²cross-sectional area and have and be equal to or less than 3.0*10 ^-20cm ²stimulated emission cross section, and, conduction-type cooler (6) comprises the contact-making surface (6c) contacted with gain medium (2), wherein contact-making surface (6c) is arranged symmetrically relative to the longitudinal axis (L) of gain medium (2), conduction-type cooler (6) comprises and is arranged in gain medium (2) side and the condenser chamber (6d) of relatively arranging with side (2a), reflector (7) is arranged in condenser chamber (6d), and the wavelength of pump light (5a) is selected at the low absorption coefficient place of gain medium (2).

2. solid-state laser according to claim 1 (1), wherein diode laser (5) and reflector (7) are arranged like this relative to the longitudinal axis (L), make, between the longitudinal axis (L) with each in diode laser (5) and reflector (7), there is equal distance (D1, thus make the length of the light path between pumping source (5) and the longitudinal axis (L) identical or roughly the same with the length of the light path between the longitudinal axis (L) and reflector (7) D2).

3. according to the solid-state laser (1) of claim 1 or 2, wherein two end faces (4) all comprise laser mirror (4a, 4b), wherein one of laser mirror is the high reverse--bias laser mirror (4a) of the reflectivity with 99% to 100%, further, wherein another laser mirror (4b) is output coupler.

4., according to the solid-state laser (1) of claim 1 or 2, wherein the wavelength launched of laser resonator structure (3) is in the scope of 1700nm to 3200nm.

5. solid-state laser according to claim 4 (1), the reflectivity during wherein output coupler (4b) has between 92.5% and 99% a scope.

6. according to the solid-state laser (1) of claim 1 or 2, wherein gain medium (2) has the free end (2d) be not arranged in cooler (6), thus the length of free end (2d) on the direction of the longitudinal axis (L) is about 2mm.

7. according to the solid-state laser (1) of claim 1 or 2, wherein gain medium (2) has the free end (2d) be not arranged in cooler (6), thus the length of free end (2d) on the direction of the longitudinal axis (L) is about 1mm.

8., according to the solid-state laser (1) of claim 1 or 2, wherein gain medium (2) comprises YAG or YSGG or the YLF crystalline body of doped with rare-earth elements, and this crystalline body is doped with neodymium, ytterbium, erbium, thulium, chromium and/or holmium.

9. according to the solid-state laser (1) of claim 1 or 2, wherein the wavelength of diode laser (5) is selected like this, and the dominant wavelength of diode laser (5) is offset relative to the absorption peak region of gain medium (2).

10. according to the solid-state laser (1) of claim 1 or 2, wherein conduction-type cooler (6) comprises and to contact with gain medium (2) and to keep the contact-making surface (6c) of gain medium (2), and conduction-type cooler (6) is made up of metal, pottery or crystalline material.

11. solid-state lasers according to claim 10 (1), described solid-state laser comprises two contact-making surfaces (6c), and wherein said contact-making surface (6c) is arranged relative to one another, symmetrically relative to the longitudinal axis (L) of gain medium (2).

12. according to the solid-state laser (1) of claim 1 or 2, wherein conduction-type cooler (6) comprises the outer tubular member (6b) of arranging with one heart relative to the longitudinal axis (L), and the outer surface (2c) of gain medium (2) and outer tubular member (6b) are defined for the inner space (6a) of cooling fluid.

13. according to the solid-state laser (1) of claim 1 or 2, described solid-state laser comprises relative to the longitudinal axis (L) separated at least two pumping sources (5) in a circumferential direction, and comprises the corresponding reflector (7) relatively arranged with side (2a) relative to the longitudinal axis (L).

14. according to the solid-state laser (1) of claim 1 or 2, described solid-state laser comprises lens (8a, 8b) and comprises the optical fiber (9) of the diameter had between 100 μm and 250 μm, and wherein lens (8a, 8b) are arranged to and are focused in optical fiber (9) by the laser beam of solid-state laser (1) (B).

15. according to the solid-state laser (1) of claim 1 or 2, and wherein gain medium (2) is column or oval column.

16. according to the solid-state laser (1) of claim 1 or 2, wherein the laser mirror (4a, 4b) of reflection is at least partly deposited on the end face (4) of gain medium (3), and the packing density of the layer be wherein deposited thereon is greater than 0.9.

17. according to the solid-state laser (1) of claim 1 or 2, wherein the laser mirror (4a, 4b) of reflection is at least partly deposited on the end face (4) of gain medium (3), and the packing density of the layer be wherein deposited thereon is greater than 0.95.

18. according to the solid-state laser (1) of claim 1 or 2, wherein the laser mirror (4a, 4b) of reflection is at least partly deposited on the end face (4) of gain medium (3), and the packing density of the layer be wherein deposited thereon is greater than 0.99.

19. according to the solid-state laser (1) of claim 1 or 2, and wherein pumping source (5) has the wavelength between 955 to 985nm.

20. according to the solid-state laser (1) of claim 1 or 2, and wherein pumping source (5) has the wavelength between 760 to 815nm.

21. according to the solid-state laser (1) of claim 1 or 2, and wherein pumping source (5) has the wavelength between 1600 to 2050nm.

22. according to the solid-state laser (1) of claim 1 or 2, wherein pump light (5a) is by side (2a) feed-in gain medium (2), wherein about 30% to 70% of pump light (5a) as outgoing pump light (5b) at relative side (2b) place from gain medium (2) outgoing, and wherein outgoing pump light (5b) is by reflector (7) reflection, thus the pump light (5c) reflected is made to reenter gain medium (2) at relative side (2b) place.

23. according to the solid-state laser (1) of claim 1 or 2, wherein pump light (5a) is by side (2a) feed-in gain medium (2), wherein about 30% to 50% of pump light (5a) as outgoing pump light (5b) at relative side (2b) place from gain medium (2) outgoing, and wherein outgoing pump light (5b) is by reflector (7) reflection, thus the pump light (5c) reflected is made to reenter gain medium (2) at relative side (2b) place.

24. according to the solid-state laser (1) of claim 1 or 2, and wherein pumping source (5) is implemented as diode laser matrix, and is parallel to the longitudinal axis (L) and arranges.

25. according to the solid-state laser (1) of claim 1 or 2, wherein due to the monolithic design of laser, laser high reverse--bias device (4a) is deposited directly upon on gain medium (2), further, output coupler (4b) is deposited directly upon the opposite end on gain medium (2).

26. 1 kinds for operating the method for the solid-state laser (1) according to the monolithic profile pump of one of claim 1 to 25, this solid-state laser (1) comprises the laser resonator structure (3) be made up of the gain medium with the longitudinal axis (L) (2), wherein pump light (5a) is by side (2a) feed-in gain medium (2), wherein a part for pump light (5a) as outgoing pump light (5b) at relative side (2b) place from gain medium (2) outgoing, and wherein outgoing pump light (5b) on reflector (7) by reflection as reflect pump light (5c), thus make the pump light (5c) reflected reenter gain medium (2) at relative side (2b) place.

27. methods for operating solid-state laser (1) according to claim 26, wherein gain medium (2) is cooled symmetrically relative to the longitudinal axis (L) of gain medium (2), therefore in gain medium (2), receives symmetrical heat distribution relative to the longitudinal axis (L).

28. according to the method for operating solid-state laser (1) of claim 26 or 27, and wherein the dominant wavelength of pump light (5a) is offset relative to the absorption peak region of gain medium (2).

29. 1 kinds of therapeutic systems, comprise and be arranged in housing (44) and launch the solid-state laser (1) of laser beam (21), the laser beam of incidence is directed to the optical couping device (46) in photocon (45), solid-state laser (1) is connected with hand-held device (50) and comprises the flexible pipe (49) of photocon (45), hand-held device (50) comprises the port of export (53) for the end of photocon (45), this port of export (53) is for being directed to target surface by laser beam, wherein, solid-state laser (1) is implemented according to one of claim 1 to 25.

30. therapeutic systems according to claim 29, its middle shell (44) comprises the power supply with high current capacity buffer.

31. according to the therapeutic system of claim 29 or 30, and its middle shell (44) comprises for generation of just having and/or the device of gas-pressurized (47) of negative relative pressure.

32. according to the therapeutic system of claim 29 or 30, and its middle shell (44) comprises the device for generation of fluid under pressure.

33. according to the therapeutic system of claim 29 or 30, and wherein flexible pipe (49) comprises for liquid or gas medium being transported to hand-held device (50) and/or at least one pipeline (51) from hand-held device (50) conveying liquid or gas medium.

34. according to the therapeutic system of claim 29 or 30, and its middle shell (44) comprises dismountable connector component (57).

35. according to the therapeutic system of claim 29 or 30, and wherein hand-held device (50) comprises dismountable connector component (57).

36. according to the therapeutic system of claim 29 or 30, and wherein hand-held device (50) comprises light beam and formed and/or deflection unit.

37. according to the therapeutic system of claim 29 or 30, and wherein hand-held device (50) comprises sonic transducer.

38. according to the therapeutic system of claim 29 or 30, and wherein hand-held device (50) comprises ultrasonic transducer.

39. according to the therapeutic system of claim 29 or 30, and wherein hand-held device (50) comprises photocon separative element.

40. according to the therapeutic system of claim 29 or 30, and wherein hand-held device (50) comprises optical imagery parts (65).

41. according to the therapeutic system of claim 29 or 30, and wherein hand-held device (50) comprises radio frequency sending set.

42. according to the therapeutic system of claim 29 or 30, and wherein flexible pipe (49) comprises power cable.

43. according to the therapeutic system of claim 29 or 30, and wherein flexible pipe (49) comprises at least one data line.

44. according to the therapeutic system of claim 29 or 30, and wherein photocon (45) is implemented as single fiber light guide element.

45. according to the therapeutic system of claim 29 or 30, and wherein photocon (45) is implemented as many fibre-optic light guides element.

46. according to the therapeutic system of claim 29 or 30, and wherein the port of export (53) comprises the outlet opening (62,63) being connected to pipeline (51).

47. according to the therapeutic system of claim 46, and wherein photocon end (45) is arranged in outlet opening (63) around at least in part.

48. according to the therapeutic system of claim 46, and wherein outlet opening (63) is arranged in photocon end (45) around at least in part.

49. 1 kinds of therapeutic systems, comprise the hand-held device (20) of the solid-state laser (1) with Emission Lasers bundle (21), this laser (1) also comprises cooling unit (29), the control unit (32) of the pumping source (5) of electric drive solid-state laser (1), laser beam is formed and deflection unit (24), for the laser beam (26) formed to be transmitted into the contact window (25) of target surface (23) from hand-held device (20), optical path (22), comprise the table-top unit of power supply, by the flexible pipe (37) that table-top unit is connected with hand-held device (20), contact window (25) comprises transparency cover (27), optical path (22) comprises solid-state laser (1), laser beam is formed and deflection unit (24) and contact window (25), flexible pipe (37) also comprises mains connection, wherein, solid-state laser (1) is implemented according to one of claim 1 to 25, cooling unit (29) comprises chamber (30), flexible pipe (37) comprises at least two the cooling fluid feed tubes (31) be connected with the coolant circulation system of table-top unit by cooling chamber (30), and, control unit (32) comprises a high current capacity buffer (33).

50. 1 kinds of therapeutic systems, comprise the hand-held device (39) of the solid-state laser (1) with Emission Lasers bundle (1), this laser (1) also comprises cooling unit (29), the control unit (32) of electric drive solid-state laser (1), laser beam is formed and deflection unit (24), for the laser beam (26) formed to be transmitted into the contact window (25) of target surface (23) from hand-held device (39), optical path (22), contact window (25) comprises transparency cover (27), optical path (22) comprises solid-state laser (1), laser beam is formed and deflection unit (1) and contact window (25), wherein, solid-state laser (1) is implemented according to one of claim 1 to 25, cooling unit (29) is implemented as solid-state cooling device (40), control unit (32) comprises a high current capacity buffer (33), and, hand-held device (39) comprises electrical energy storage means (41).

51. according to the therapeutic system of claim 49 or 50, wherein uses the smooth flat that cooperatively interacts and/or potted component to seal optical path (22) relative to surrounding environment.

52. according to the therapeutic system of claim 49 or 50, wherein hand-held device (20,39) comprises switch unit and at least two high current capacity buffers (33), and this switch unit is used for one of high current capacity buffer (33) to be separately connected to control unit (32).

53. according to the therapeutic system of claim 49 or 50, and wherein hand-held device (20,39) comprises user interface (35,43), and this user interface (35,43) comprises display unit and input unit.

54. according to the therapeutic system of claim 49 or 50, and wherein hand-held device (20,39) comprises image acquisition unit and image analyzing unit.

55. according to the therapeutic system of claim 49 or 50, and wherein hand-held device (20,39) can disassemble from table-top unit.

56. according to the therapeutic system of claim 49 or 50, and wherein transparency cover (27) can disassemble from hand-held device (20,39).

57. according to the therapeutic system of claim 49 or 50, and wherein solid-state cooling device (40) is phase-change material.