CN102481843A - Electric automobile - Google Patents

Electric automobile Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102481843A
CN102481843A CN2010800403271A CN201080040327A CN102481843A CN 102481843 A CN102481843 A CN 102481843A CN 2010800403271 A CN2010800403271 A CN 2010800403271A CN 201080040327 A CN201080040327 A CN 201080040327A CN 102481843 A CN102481843 A CN 102481843A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
wheel
outer ring
clutch
drive wheel
assembled
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN2010800403271A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
安井诚
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NTN Corp
Original Assignee
NTN Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2009210532A external-priority patent/JP2011062011A/en
Priority claimed from JP2009287807A external-priority patent/JP2011102112A/en
Application filed by NTN Corp filed Critical NTN Corp
Publication of CN102481843A publication Critical patent/CN102481843A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D41/00—Freewheels or freewheel clutches
    • F16D41/06—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface
    • F16D41/08—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface with provision for altering the freewheeling action
    • F16D41/086—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface with provision for altering the freewheeling action the intermediate members being of circular cross-section and wedging by rolling
    • F16D41/088—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface with provision for altering the freewheeling action the intermediate members being of circular cross-section and wedging by rolling the intermediate members being of only one size and wedging by a movement not having an axial component, between inner and outer races, one of which is cylindrical
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/12—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of electric gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/26—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, of type of freewheel device

Abstract

An electric automobile configured in such a manner that the transmission of power from the electric motor to wheels can be immediately shut off when the electric motor fails or when the ABS is activated. A two-way clutch (21) is mounted in the power transmitting system for transmitting the drive power of the electric motor (10) to the front wheels (2). The two-way clutch (21) is provided with a retainer (28) and rollers (30) retained by the retainer (28), and the two-way clutch (21) couples the drive side shaft and the driven side shaft to each other by means of the engagement of the rollers (30) caused by rotational control of the retainer (28). The transmission of power from the electric motor (10) to the front wheels (2) is immediately interrupted by controlling the engagement and disengagement of the two-way clutch (21) by conducting and interrupting electricity to the electromagnetic coil (43a) of an electromagnetic clutch (40).

Description

Electronlmobil
Technical field
The present invention relates to only make the electronlmobil of vehicle ' by the driving of the electrical motor that is equipped on vehicle.
Background technology
Only make in the electronlmobil of vehicle ' by the driving of electrical motor; When vehicle ', if electrical motor or control the control unit et out of order of this electrical motor, then drive wheel locking and braking suddenly; Can be absorbed in and to carry out the condition of handling maneuver, thereby become the state that is in extreme danger.
In order to eliminate such unfavorable condition, in electronlmobil, be provided with fail safe function.As electronlmobil with fail safe function, the known in the past electronlmobil that has patent documentation 1 to be put down in writing.
In the electronlmobil that above-mentioned patent documentation 1 is put down in writing; Power-transmission system from the electrical motor to the wheel is assembled with power-transfer clutch; And be provided with the identifying unit that the fault of the control unit of the action of controlling above-mentioned electrical motor is judged, when utilizing this identifying unit to determine above-mentioned control unit et out of order, utilize hydraulic actuator that above-mentioned power-transfer clutch is broken off; Thereby cut off from the transmission of power of electrical motor, to avoid unexpected braking to wheel.
Patent documentation 1: No. 3747836 communique of japanese
Yet; As above-mentioned traditional electric automobile, utilizing with hydraulic pressure is that the actuator of drive source makes under the open circuited situation of power-transfer clutch such as dental clutch; During mechanical breakdown such as deadlocked when unexpected generation motor heating, that the block bearing hot glue; Can produce time lag slightly owing to from the et out of order to the power-transfer clutch, break off, therefore exist during this period in wheel locking and can't carry out handling maneuver and then vehicle stops such problem suddenly.
And, be that the actuator of drive source comes control clutch owing to utilize with hydraulic pressure, therefore need Hydraulic Pump, hydraulic actuating cylinder, hydraulic tubing, there is the big problem of complex structure and degradation of energy.
, in general pure electronlmobil, do not need multi-step transmissions here, but adopt one-level or dual-range transmission, therefore, compare with motor-powered vehicle or motor vehicle driven by mixed power, number of components is few, and it is little that the parts from the electrical motor to the wheel link the gap.
And, the moment of torsion of the moment of torsion during motor starting during greater than engine starting, and the moment of inertia of the rotor of electrical motor is also big.
Therefore; There is following unfavorable condition: during the starting of electronlmobil low speed; After the step on the accelerator of exerting oneself, when this is trampled when releasing, be released suddenly in big the reversing that drive element produced during pushes pedals; Thereby the reciprocating swing vibration takes place, and this vibration can propagate into vehicle body and bring uneasiness to feel or make to chaufeur and take the mood variation.
And; In the electronlmobil that is equipped with anti-skid brake system (ABS), following unfavorable condition can take place: because to carry out wheel is given the operation and the operation of removing the braking force that wheel is given of braking force several milliseconds blink repeatedly, therefore; When ABS works; If wheel and electrical motor become coupled condition, then wheel can be because of the force of inertia of this electrical motor the inertia of big rotor be rotated further, thereby wheel is with respect to the tracing ability variation of ABS control; Stopping distance is elongated, and vehicle spins and makes the instability that becomes of going.
Summary of the invention
Problem of the present invention is, in only with the electronlmobil of electrical motor as drive source, makes when the electrical motor et out of order or ABS can cut off from the transmission of power of electrical motor to wheel when working at once.
In order to solve above-mentioned problem; In the electronlmobil of technical scheme one; This electronlmobil only with electrical motor as drive source; And the propulsive effort of this electrical motor is delivered to wheel and makes vehicle ', this electronlmobil adopts following structure: the power-transmission system that is delivered to wheel at the propulsive effort with above-mentioned electrical motor is assembled with: the engagement piece that bidirectional clutch, this bidirectional clutch have retainer and kept by this retainer; Make the engagement piece engaging through the rotation of above-mentioned retainer is controlled, make drive-side shaft thus and combined by drive-side shaft; And magnetic clutch, through to the energising of this magnetic clutch or cut off the energising of this magnetic clutch is controlled the rotation of above-mentioned retainer, thereby the engaging of bidirectional clutch and the releasing of this engaging are controlled.
In the electronlmobil that forms by said structure,, thereby will cut off from the transmission of power of above-mentioned electrical motor to wheel in case electrical motor et out of order when vehicle ' then utilizes magnetic clutch that bidirectional clutch is switched to the engaging disarm state.At this moment, because bidirectional clutch is controlled by magnetic clutch, therefore above-mentioned bidirectional clutch can switch to the engaging disarm state moment.Therefore, wheel can not occur and can't be carried out the situation that handling maneuver and then vehicle stop suddenly by locking.
Here; Unusual methods such as fault as detecting electrical motor can adopt following method: the sensor of rotative speed of rotative speed and the wheel of the S. A. that detects electrical motor is set, judges the unusual of electrical motor through the detection signal from each sensor output is compared; The acceleration pick-up of acceleration/accel of acceleration/accel and the wheel of the S. A. that detects electrical motor perhaps is set, judges the unusual of electrical motor through the detection signal from each acceleration pick-up output is compared.
In being equipped with the electronlmobil of ABS, when ABS in the vehicle ' process works, utilize magnetic clutch that bidirectional clutch is switched to the engaging disarm state.Through this switching, electrical motor and wheel become released state, and therefore, even if the rotor of electrical motor continues rotation because of inertia, this rotation can not be passed to wheel side yet.Therefore, rotor can not occur, can make wheel follow ABS control well the situation that the control of ABS impacts.
As bidirectional clutch, can adopt the power-transfer clutch 1 to 3 shown in following here.
Power-transfer clutch 1 is the roller type bidirectional clutch; Be connected in by the interior week of the outer ring of drive-side shaft and be assembled in the inboard of this outer ring and the side that is connected in the periphery of input shaft of drive-side shaft is provided with barrel surface; Be provided with a plurality of camming surfaces the opposing party; Between these camming surfaces and above-mentioned barrel surface, be formed with the narrow and small wedge-like space, two ends of Zhou Fangxiang; On the retainer that is assembled between above-mentioned outer ring and the input shaft and with each camming surface opposed position, be formed with the pocket hole, in this pocket hole, be assembled with roller, through the relative rotation of above-mentioned outer ring and input shaft; Above-mentioned roller engages with above-mentioned barrel surface and camming surface; Be assembled with switch spring between the parts of the side that is formed with camming surface in above-mentioned outer ring and input shaft and the retainer, this switch spring carries out elasticity to retainer and keeps, and makes roller be held in center position.
Power-transfer clutch 2 is roller type power-transfer clutchs; Be connected in by the interior week of the outer ring of drive-side shaft and be assembled in the inboard of this outer ring and the side that is connected in the periphery of input shaft of drive-side shaft is provided with barrel surface; Be provided with a plurality of camming surfaces the opposing party; Between these camming surfaces and above-mentioned barrel surface, be formed with the narrow and small wedge-like space, two ends of Zhou Fangxiang; On the retainer that is assembled between above-mentioned outer ring and the input shaft and with each camming surface opposed position, be formed with the pocket hole; In this pocket hole, be assembled with roller, through the relative rotation of above-mentioned outer ring and input shaft, above-mentioned roller engages with above-mentioned barrel surface and camming surface; Be assembled with switch spring between the parts of the side that is formed with camming surface in above-mentioned outer ring and input shaft and the retainer, this switch spring applies the torque of direction of narrow part that roller is pushed a side in the wedge-like space that is formed by barrel surface and camming surface to retainer.
Power-transfer clutch 3 is Wedge-type power-transfer clutchs; Be connected in by the interior week of the outer ring of drive-side shaft, be respectively arranged with barrel surface with the periphery that is assembled in the inboard of this outer ring and is connected in the input shaft of drive-side shaft; Second retainer that between this barrel surface, is assembled with first retainer and is disposed at the inboard of this first retainer; Be arranged at these two retainers to the pocket hole of position in be assembled with voussoir; When these two retainers rotated relatively, above-mentioned voussoir engaged with the barrel surface separately of outer ring and input shaft, and above-mentioned second retainer is fixed in input shaft; Between above-mentioned first retainer and second retainer, be assembled with switch spring, this switch spring on the direction that the barrel surface of the barrel surface of above-mentioned voussoir and outer ring and input shaft engages to first retainer towards Zhou Fangxiang one side's application of force.
Even if adopt above-mentioned a certain bidirectional clutch; During till the engagement piece that is made up of roller or voussoir is delivered to the outer ring from the rotation with court's one direction of input shaft fastening state switches to the fastening state that the rotation towards other direction with input shaft is delivered to the outer ring; There is the gap at hand of rotation; Because this gap is bigger; Therefore thereby trample reversing of parts when being released when remove this later at step on the accelerator firmly, can utilize the gap of above-mentioned hand of rotation to absorb reversing of being discharged, vibrate towards the vehicle transmission thereby can suppress reciprocating swing.
Above-mentioned bidirectional clutch can be assembled in electrical motor, and to the rotation of this electrical motor carry out speed change and the change-speed box that transmits towards wheel between; Also can be assembled in to the rotation of electrical motor carry out speed change and the change-speed box that transmits towards wheel, with the diff that will transmit from the propulsive effort of this gearbox output towards left and right sides vehicle bridge between, perhaps also can be assembled in rotation with electrical motor towards between the diff and vehicle bridge of the transmission of left and right sides vehicle bridge.In addition, can also be assembled in pair of right and left vehicle bridge and being connected between the wheel of this vehicle bridge.
In the related electronlmobil of technical scheme one, can adopt following magnetic clutch as magnetic clutch, this magnetic clutch comprises: armature, this armature are by the retainer spline and be supported to and can move freely vertically; Rotor, this rotor are fixed in above-mentioned outer ring or input shaft and opposed axially with armature; And electromagnet, this electromagnet is supported by stationary parts, through to this electromagnet energising, armature is adsorbed in rotor.
In order to solve above-mentioned problem; In the electronlmobil of technical scheme two, only with electrical motor as drive source, and the propulsive effort of this electrical motor is delivered to wheel and makes vehicle '; This electronlmobil adopts following structure: the power-transmission system that is delivered to wheel at the propulsive effort with above-mentioned electrical motor is assembled with the free-wheel clutch of override type; This free-wheel clutch has drive wheel and by drive wheel, imports above-mentioned drive wheel from the propulsive effort of above-mentioned electrical motor, above-mentionedly by drive wheel the propulsive effort that comes from above-mentioned drive wheel transmission is exported towards wheel side; The rotative speed of above-mentioned drive wheel than the situation fast by the rotative speed of drive wheel under; Above-mentioned free-wheel clutch is delivered to the propulsive effort of drive wheel by drive wheel, and when by the rotative speed of drive wheel when faster than the rotative speed of drive wheel, above-mentioned free-wheel clutch makes drive wheel idle running.
In the related electronlmobil of technique scheme two, in case electrical motor failover and stopping when vehicle ', then free-wheel clutch form automatically by the rotative speed of drive wheel surpass drive wheel rotative speed surmount state (idling conditions).Therefore, wheel can be by locking but is continued rotation, can not occur carrying out handling maneuver and then vehicle stops such situation suddenly.
Here; In being equipped with the electronlmobil of ABS; When utilizing ABS control that wheel is carried out glancing impact, through the rotative speed that makes electrical motor drop to than with the cooresponding slow-footed speed of rotation change minimum value of wheel, or electrical motor is stopped, when ABS control carries out work; Free-wheel clutch is in idling conditions and cuts off from the power-transmission system of electrical motor towards wheel, thereby can make wheel follow ABS control well.
In the related electronlmobil of technical scheme two, free-wheel clutch can be the Ratcheting one-way clutch of roller-type overrunning clutch, free wheeling sprag clutch, radial mode or the Ratcheting one-way clutch of axialmode.
Here; Be provided with the friction drag applying unit at the drive wheel of free-wheel clutch and between by opposed faces between the drive wheel, at diametrically contraposition; When rotating relatively (during idle running) when drive wheel and by drive wheel; Above-mentioned friction drag applying unit is to drive wheel and applied the rotational resistance that produces because of friction each other by drive wheel; The friction torque that produces because of this rotational resistance is less than the allowable torque of free-wheel clutch, thus, even if desire to dally because of the deceleration free-wheel clutch of electrical motor; Also can utilize above-mentioned friction drag applying unit drive wheel with carried out certain moment of torsion transmission each other by drive wheel, therefore can electrical motor be carried out energy regeneration as electrical generator.
As above-mentioned friction drag applying unit; Can adopt following friction drag applying unit: axially alternately be assembled with a plurality of outboard friction plate that can slide vertically and a plurality of inboard friction plate that can slide vertically; Above-mentioned outboard friction plate is with respect to the drive wheel of inside and outside chimeric configuration and by the periderm spline of the outer side drive wheel that is positioned at the outside in the drive wheel; Above-mentioned a plurality of inboard friction plate is with respect to the outer periderm spline of interior side drive wheel, makes two mutual Elastic Contact of friction plate by the pushing of elastomeric element; Perhaps comprise: inner peripheral surface is the outboard cone of taper, and this outboard cone is with respect to the interior periderm spline of outer side drive wheel and can slide vertically; Outer peripheral face is the inboard cone with the taper of the taper inner peripheral surface of above-mentioned outboard cone coupling, and this inboard cone is with respect to the outer periderm spline of interior side drive wheel and can slide vertically; And elastomeric element, this elastomeric element to inboard cone towards the outside cone application of force.
In technical scheme one; As stated; Power-transmission system from electrical motor towards wheel is assembled with bidirectional clutch, and utilize magnetic clutch to the engaging of this bidirectional clutch and card and releasing control, therefore; When the electrical motor et out of order, can at once the transmission of power from electrical motor towards wheel be cut off.Therefore, can prevent that wheel from can't be carried out the situation that handling maneuver and then vehicle stop suddenly by locking.
And, because the electrical control of not using hydraulic pressure is adopted in the control of bidirectional clutch, simplification that therefore can implementation structure.
In addition,, the engaging of bidirectional clutch is removed, thus, can be prevented that the rotor of electrical motor from impacting ABS control at the glancing impact that carries out wheel based on ABS.
As stated, in technical scheme two, be assembled with the free-wheel clutch that surmounts type, thus, when the electrical motor et out of order, can at once the transmission of power from electrical motor towards wheel be cut off at power-transmission system from electrical motor towards wheel.Therefore, can prevent that wheel from can't be carried out the situation that handling maneuver and then vehicle stop suddenly by locking.And,, therefore simple in structure and can cost-cutting because free-wheel clutch need not carry out electrical control.
In addition; When the glancing impact that carries out wheel based on ABS control; Since to the rotative speed of electrical motor control so that the rotative speed of electrical motor than slow with the cooresponding speed of the rotation of wheel change minimum value, therefore, when ABS control is worked; Free-wheel clutch becomes idling conditions and the power-transmission system from electrical motor towards wheel is cut off, and can make wheel follow ABS control well.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the summary birds-eye view that first embodiment of electronlmobil involved in the present invention is shown.
Fig. 2 is the longitudinal section of power make and break device that is assembled in the electronlmobil of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the cutaway view along the III-III line of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the cutaway view along the IV-IV line of Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is the cutaway view of neutral condition that the bidirectional clutch of power make and break device is shown.
Fig. 6 is the cutaway view that the fastening state facing one direction of bidirectional clutch is shown.
Fig. 7 is the cutaway view towards the fastening state of another direction that bidirectional clutch is shown.
Fig. 8 is other routine cutaway view that the bidirectional clutch of power make and break device is shown.
Fig. 9 is the cutaway view along the IX-IX line of Fig. 8.
Figure 10 is the cutaway view along the X-X line of Fig. 8.
Figure 11 is the cutaway view that the readiness for action of bidirectional clutch shown in Figure 8 is shown.
Figure 12 is the cutaway view that the fastening state facing one direction of bidirectional clutch shown in Figure 8 is shown.
Figure 13 is the cutaway view towards the fastening state of another direction that bidirectional clutch shown in Figure 8 is shown.
Figure 14 is another other routine cutaway view that the bidirectional clutch of power make and break device is shown.
Figure 15 is the cutaway view along the XV-XV line of Figure 14.
Figure 16 is the cutaway view towards the fastening state of another direction that bidirectional clutch shown in Figure 14 is shown.
Among Figure 17, be the summary birds-eye view that other assembling example of power make and break device is shown (a) to (c).
Figure 18 is the summary birds-eye view that second embodiment of electronlmobil involved in the present invention is shown.
Among Figure 19, (d) being the longitudinal section of free-wheel clutch that is assembled in the electronlmobil of Figure 18, (e) is the cutaway view along the XIX-XIX line of (d).
Figure 20 is other routine cutaway view that free-wheel clutch is shown.
Figure 21 is another other routine cutaway view that free-wheel clutch is shown.
Figure 22 is another other routine cutaway view that free-wheel clutch is shown.
Among Figure 23, being the front view of outer ring shown in Figure 22 (f), (g) is the longitudinal section of (f).
Among Figure 24, being the front view of lobe plate shown in Figure 22 (h), (i) is the birds-eye view of (h).
Among Figure 25, be engaging pawl that lobe plate is shown and the expansion drawing of state after teat engages (j), (k) be the expansion drawing that engages the state after removing that illustrates engaging pawl with the teat of lobe plate.
Figure 26 is the longitudinal section that is assembled with the free-wheel clutch of friction drag applying unit.
Figure 27 is other routine longitudinal section that the friction drag applying unit is shown.
The specific embodiment
Below, based on accompanying drawing embodiment of the present invention is described.Fig. 1 illustrates first embodiment of electronlmobil involved in the present invention.As shown in the figure, be provided with pair of right and left front-wheel 2 in the front portion of the vehicle body 1 of electronlmobil, and, be provided with pair of right and left trailing wheel 3 at the rear portion.
This electronlmobil forms: be equipped with electrical motor 10 in the front portion of vehicle body 1, utilize the rotation of 11 pairs of these electrical motors 10 of change-speed box to carry out speed change, rotation the past diff 12 of the output shaft of this change-speed box 11 is delivered to the vehicle bridge 4 of pair of right and left, thus front-wheel 2 rotations.
Here, adopt the change-speed box that the rotation of electrical motor 10 is carried out the one-level speed change as change-speed box 11, but also can adopt the change-speed box that carries out two stage speed change.
Between electrical motor 10 and change-speed box 11, be assembled with power make and break device 20, the state of 20 pairs of this power make and break devices, 11 transmission of drive force from electrical motor 10 towards change-speed box switches with the state of the transmission of cutting off above-mentioned propulsive effort.
As shown in Figure 2, power make and break device 20 is removed the magnetic clutch of controlling 40 and is constituted with engaging by bidirectional clutch 21 and to the engaging of this bidirectional clutch 21.
Like Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3; Bidirectional clutch 21 forms: 22 inboard is assembled with input shaft 23 in the outer ring; And utilize bearing 24 to support and make the two relatively rotation is freely; In the periphery of the cam ring portion 25 in the big footpath of an end that is arranged at this input shaft 23, separate equal intervals at Zhou Fangxiang and be provided with a plurality of camming surfaces 27; At these a plurality of camming surfaces 27 and be formed at the narrow and small wedge-like space, two ends that is formed with Zhou Fangxiang between the barrel surface 26 in interior week of above-mentioned outer ring 22; On the retainer 28 that is assembled between above-mentioned outer ring 22 and the input shaft 23 and forming pocket holes (pocket) 29 with above-mentioned camming surface 27 opposed position; In each pocket hole 29, be assembled with roller 30, through the above-mentioned input shaft 23 and the relative rotation of retainer 28 roller 30 engaged with barrel surface 26 and camming surface 27, thereby the rotation of input shaft 23 is delivered to outer ring 22 as engagement piece.
Here, chimeric in the other end of input shaft 23 have an input ring 31, and the rotation of the S. A. of electrical motor 10 shown in Figure 1 is delivered to this input ring 31, and this input ring 31 and input shaft 23 are chimeric and rotate integratedly through spline 32.
And, be formed with circular recess 33 at an axial end face of cam ring portion 25, in this recess 33, be assembled with switch spring 34.Switch spring 34 forms the toroidal that the part of Zhou Fangxiang is excised, at the two ends of this excision portion towards being outside equipped with a pair of push-pads 35.
A pair of push-pads 35 is inserted in the breach 37 of an end that is formed at retainer 28 from the notch part 36 of the perisporium that is formed at recess 33; The both ends of the Zhou Fangxiang of this notch part 36 and breach 37 are pushed in the opposite direction; Through this pushing; Retainer 28 is remained in center position by elasticity, this center position be roller 30 with barrel surface 26 and camming surface 27 between engage the position that is disengaged.
As shown in Figure 2, magnetic clutch 40 constitutes and comprises: armature 41; Rotor 42, this rotor 42 is opposed axially with this armature 41; And electromagnet 43, this electromagnet 43 is opposed with this rotor 42 axially, through this electromagnet 43 is switched on, armature 41 is adsorbed in rotor 42.
Like Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 4, armature 41 in the form of a ring.It is interior and opposed with the inward flange 28a of the other end that is formed at retainer 28 axially that this armature 41 is assembled in the rotor piloting feature 38 that is formed by non-magnetic material; Rotor piloting feature 38 is entrenched in the end of open side of outer ring 22, utilizes 22 pairs of rotor piloting features in outer ring 38 to carry out spline.
And armature 41 is chimeric with the 28b of tube portion of the interior perimembranous that is formed at inward flange 28a with the mode of sliding freely, engages with the notch part 28c that is formed at a 28b of portion through the tab 41a that makes the interior perimembranous that is arranged at armature 41 retainer 28 is carried out spline.
As shown in Figure 2, rotor 42 forms peripheral part and the structure that interior perimembranous is provided with same directional cylindrical portion 42b, 42c at absorption board 42, and above-mentioned periphery cylindrical portion 42b and rotor piloting feature 38 are chimeric and be fixed in this rotor piloting feature 38.
Electromagnet 43 constitutes the 43b unshakable in one's determination that comprises magnet coil 43a and keep this magnet coil 43a.This electromagnet 43 is by carrier ring 44 supportings as stationary parts; On the other hand, carrier ring 44 by be assembled in the bearing 45 between this carrier ring 44 and the outer ring 22 and be assembled in this carrier ring 44 and input ring 31 between bearing 46 supportings and with respect to outer ring 22 and input ring 31 rotation is freely relatively.
Electronlmobil shown in first embodiment is formed by above-mentioned structure, when advancing when vehicle launch, electrical motor 10 is driven, and the magnet coil 43a of magnetic clutch 40 is switched on.
Through magnet coil 43a is switched on, armature 41 is adsorbed on rotor 42, thereby retainer 28 combines with outer ring 22 via this armature 41 and rotor 42.
On the other hand, through the driving of electrical motor 10,, the rotation of this electrical motor 10 rotates along the direction shown in the arrow of Fig. 5 thereby being delivered to input shaft 23 input shafts 23.At this moment, because retainer 28 combines with outer ring 22, so input shaft 23 and retainer 28 rotate relatively, and as shown in Figure 6 through this relative rotation, roller 30 engages with barrel surface 26 and camming surface 27.
Therefore, the rotation of input shaft 23 is delivered to outer ring 22 via roller 30, and the rotation of this outer ring 22 is carried out speed change by change-speed box 11, thereby is delivered to 2 rotations of pair of right and left vehicle bridge 4 front-wheels from rotation the past diff 12 of these change-speed box 11 outputs, and vehicle advances and goes.
Generally speaking, the starting form of vehicle is the low speed starting, but the step on the accelerator of exerting oneself by error sometimes, the situation of trampling of removing in terror and at once that exists this fly start of reason to cause to pedal.At this moment, this reverses suddenly and is released after input shaft 23 produces big reversing.
At this moment; The clamped position that the clamped position that roller 30 goes from shown in Figure 6 advancing goes towards shown in Figure 7 retreating switches; Before this clamped position switches; The gap that has hand of rotation, because this hand of rotation gap is big, the reversing of the input shaft 23 that therefore can utilize above-mentioned hand of rotation gap to absorb to be discharged.Therefore, can suppress the transmission of reciprocating swing vibration, not take the mood variation thereby can not bring uneasy sense or make to chaufeur towards vehicle.
When high vehicle speeds, in case during electrical motor 10 et out of orders, then the energising to the magnet coil 43a of magnetic clutch 40 is disengaged.
In addition, as shown in Figure 1 when carrying out the fault judgement of electrical motor 10, be provided with the sensor S of the rotative speed of the S. A. that detects electrical motor 10 1, and the sensor S that detects the rotative speed of front-wheel 2 2, can be through to from each sensor S 1, S 2The detection signal of output compares judges the unusual of electrical motor 10.In addition, also be provided with the acceleration pick-up of acceleration/accel of acceleration/accel and the front-wheel 2 of the S. A. that detects electrical motor 10, can judge the unusual of electrical motor 10 through the detection signal from each acceleration pick-up output is compared.
As stated, during electrical motor 10 et out of orders in running at high speed, the energising of magnet coil 43a is disengaged; Recovery elasticity by switch spring 34; Retainer 28 is with respect to input shaft 23 rotations, and as shown in Figure 5, roller 30 turns back to center position; Bidirectional clutch 21 becomes the engaging disarm state at once, becomes the state of removing between outer ring 22 and the input shaft 23 that combines.
Therefore, there are not front-wheel 2 lockings and can't carry out the situation of handling maneuver.And vehicle can not stop suddenly, and chaufeur can not be absorbed in fear, can stop to wait operation according to the wish of oneself.
And, lean on people's force urges vehicle and make under its situation about moving to the roadside even if stop the back at vehicle, because the binding between electrical motor 10 and the front-wheel 2 is disconnected, so electrical motor 10 can not become resistance, can make vehicle move to the roadside swimmingly.
Here, when being equipped with at electronlmobil under the situation of ABS, when this ABS work, the energising of the magnet coil 43a of magnetic clutch 40 is disengaged.Through removing energising, bidirectional clutch 21 engages disarm state with above-mentioned switching to equally, and electrical motor 10 is in off-state with front-wheel 2.Therefore, even if the rotor of electrical motor 10 continues rotation because of inertia, this rotation can be towards front-wheel 2 side transmission yet.Therefore, the rotor of electrical motor 10 can not impact the control of ABS, can make front-wheel 2 follow ABS control well.
In Fig. 2 to Fig. 4, barrel surface 26 is formed at the interior week of outer ring 22 and camming surface 27 is arranged at the periphery of cam ring portion 25, but also can barrel surface be formed at the periphery of cam ring portion 25 and camming surface be arranged at interior week of outer ring 22.In this case, switch spring 34 is assembled in outer ring 22 and retainer 28 each other, retainer 28 is carried out elasticity keep, make roller 30 be held in center position.And, utilize the rotor 42 of 23 pairs of electromagnet 43 of input shaft to support.
Fig. 8 to Figure 13 illustrates other example of the bidirectional clutch 21 that forms power make and break device 20.In this example; Different with bidirectional clutch 21 shown in Figure 2 in the following areas: the length difference that makes a pair of push-pads 35 at the two ends that are arranged at switch spring 34; Short side's wherein push-pads 35a is engaged with the side at the opposed end face of Zhou Fangxiang of the notch part 36 that is formed at recess 33 perisporiums; Make long side's push-pads 35b and engaging than the other end of the slotted hole of growing 39 of an end that is formed at retainer 28, retainer 28 elasticity are remained on the readiness for action of the clamped position of roller 30 when being configured in vehicle and advancing at Zhou Fangxiang.
Therefore, to omitting explanation with the bidirectional clutch 21 identical identical labels of parts mark shown in Figure 2.
As stated, the readiness for action of the clamped position the when roller 30 that retainer 28 elasticity are remained on bidirectional clutch 21 is configured in vehicle and advances, thus; When for before starting vehicle to make it and then during driving motor 10; Bidirectional clutch 21 becomes the free-wheel clutch pattern, and is therefore shown in figure 12, by the rotation that is delivered to input shaft 23 from electrical motor 10; Roller 30 engages with barrel surface 26 and camming surface 27 at once, and the rotation of input shaft 23 is delivered to outer ring 22 via roller 30.
And the rotation of outer ring 22 is delivered to front-wheel 2 from change-speed box 11 via preceding diff 12 at once.Therefore, can have no inharmonious sense ground starting vehicle.
And; Even if electrical motor 10 et out of orders in running at high speed and these electrical motor 10 lockings; Bidirectional clutch 21 becomes the free-wheel clutch pattern; Outer ring 22 can rotate along the direction of the arrow shown in the dotted line of Figure 12 with respect to input shaft 23 relatively, so front-wheel 2 can locking, and the vehicle land productivity of keeping intact is used inertia traveling.
Therefore, chaufeur can not be absorbed in fear, can after vehicle stops, can utilizing people's force urges to make vehicle move to the roadside swimmingly according to operations such as the wish of controlling oneself stop.
Here; When it being advanced when the starting vehicle; Remove at once after the brish acceleration under the situation of trampling to pedal at step on the accelerator suddenly, have the tendency that produces the vibration that causes because of reciprocating swing, but because bidirectional clutch 21 is in the free-wheel clutch pattern; Only, therefore can make the vibration damping of reciprocating swing effectively a direction transmitting vibrations.
When being equipped with at electronlmobil under the situation of ABS, when this ABS work, the average velociity that makes the rotative speed of electrical motor 10 compare front-wheel 2 significantly reduces.Like this; The average velociity of comparing front-wheel 2 through the rotative speed that makes electrical motor 10 significantly reduces, and the outer ring 22 of bidirectional clutch 21 is in the state with respect to input shaft 23 idle running, therefore; Front-wheel 2 is braked while being rotated change through carrying out ABS control; Thus, this front-wheel 2 breaks off with electrical motor 10, therefore can not impact ABS control.
Under above-mentioned such driving mode, need not the magnet coil 43a of electromagnet 43 is switched on.
Under the situation that vehicle is retreated go, electrical motor 10 is rotated in the opposite direction, and to the magnet coil 43a energising of magnetic clutch 40.
Through magnet coil 43a is switched on, armature 41 is adsorbed on rotor 42, thereby retainer 28 is combined with outer ring 22 via this armature 41 and rotor 42.
On the other hand, through the driving of electrical motor 10, the rotation of this electrical motor 10 is delivered to input shaft 23, thereby input shaft 23 rotates along the direction shown in the arrow of Figure 11.At this moment, because retainer 28 combines with outer ring 22, so input shaft 23 and retainer 28 rotate relatively, and shown in figure 13 through this relative rotation, roller 30 engages with barrel surface 26 and camming surface 27.
Therefore; The rotation of input shaft 23 is delivered to outer ring 22 via roller 30, and the rotation of this outer ring 22 is carried out speed change by change-speed box 11, is delivered to pair of right and left vehicle bridge 4 from rotation the past diff 12 that this change-speed box 11 is exported; Thereby front-wheel 2 rotations, vehicle is retreated and is gone.
Figure 14 to Figure 16 illustrates another other example of the bidirectional clutch 21 that forms power make and break device 20.In this example, use voussoir (sprag) 50 as engagement piece.
Extremely shown in Figure 16 like Figure 14; In the barrel surface 26 in the interior week that is formed at outer ring 22 and be formed between the barrel surface 27a of periphery of cam ring portion 25 of input shaft 23; Second retainer 52 that is assembled with first retainer 51 and is positioned at the inboard of this first retainer 51 is assembled in voussoir 50 and is formed at two retainers 51,52 and in the pocket hole 53,54 of diametrically contraposition.In the pocket hole 53 of first retainer 51, be assembled with a pair of flexure strip 56, these a pair of flexure strip 56 courts direction identical with the hand of rotation of first retainer 51 is to voussoir 50 application of forces.
Through the relative rotation of two retainers 51,52, voussoir 50 tilting actions and engaging with barrel surface 26, the 27a of outer ring 22 and input shaft 23.In this case, voussoir 50 forms and can engage like Figure 15 and the anticlockwise direction both direction that reaches in the clockwise direction shown in Figure 16.Compare as the situation of engagement piece with using roller 30, owing in same space, can assemble a plurality of voussoirs 50, even if therefore small-scale structure also can obtain big allowable torque.
Under the situation of Figure 14; Second retainer 52 is fixed in input shaft 23; Switch spring 55 is assembled between this second retainer 52 and first retainer 51, in the phase place in the pocket hole 53,54 of two retainers 51,52 towards side's out-of-position direction of Zhou Fangxiang to first retainer 51 along the Zhou Fangxiang application of force.Thus, voussoir 50 inclinations shown in figure 15 constitute free-wheel clutch.
, be formed with inward flange 51a in the end of first retainer 51 here, the armature 41 of magnetic clutch 40 is chimeric and by spline with the 51b of tube portion of the interior perimembranous that is arranged at this inward flange 51a with freely the mode of sliding.
In the bidirectional clutch that forms by said structure 21; When not flowing through electric current among the magnet coil 43a; Shown in figure 15, bidirectional clutch 21 is in the state of free-wheel clutch, when the direction rotation shown in the arrow of input shaft 23 in this figure; This rotation is delivered to outer ring 22 via voussoir 50, and outer ring 22 rotates along equidirectional with input shaft 23.
When magnet coil 43a was switched on, armature 41 was adsorbed on rotor 42, and the outer ring 22 and first retainer 51 are integrated via armature 41 and rotor 42.
Under this state; When the input shaft 23 edges direction opposite with arrow shown in Figure 15 rotated, second retainer 52 rotated with respect to first retainer 51 relatively, through this relative rotation; The direction tilting action that voussoir 50 courts are opposite with the hand of rotation of input shaft 23; Shown in figure 16, voussoir 50 engages with the barrel surface 26 of outer ring 22 and the barrel surface 27a of input shaft 23, and the rotation of input shaft 23 is delivered to outer ring 22.
In addition; At Figure 14 to the Wedge-type bidirectional clutch shown in Figure 16; Utilize 55 pairs first retainers 51 of switch spring towards side's application of force of Zhou Fangxiang and voussoir 50 is engaged with barrel surface 26,27a respectively, but also can utilize above-mentioned switch spring 55 that first retainer, 51 elasticity are remained on the center position that voussoir 50 is disengaged respectively with respect to the engaging of barrel surface 26,27a.
In embodiment shown in Figure 1, power make and break device 20 is assembled between electrical motor 10 and the change-speed box 11, but the assembling position of power make and break device 20 is not limited thereto.
(a) of Figure 17 illustrates other example of stack-mounted of power make and break device 20 to (c).In (a), power make and break device 20 is assembled between change-speed box 11 and the preceding diff 12.
In (b), power make and break device 20 is assembled in respectively between pair of right and left vehicle bridge 4 and the preceding diff 12.
In (c), power make and break device 20 is assembled in respectively between pair of right and left vehicle bridge 4 and the front-wheel 2.
Figure 18 illustrates second embodiment of electronlmobil involved in the present invention.In this second embodiment, in that to use free-wheel clutch 60 to replace on this aspect of power make and break device of electronlmobil shown in Figure 1 different with first embodiment.Therefore, the identical label of the parts mark identical with parts shown in Figure 1 is also omitted explanation.
Like (d) of Figure 19 and (e); Free-wheel clutch 60 constitutes the roller type overriding clutch; To be assembled in conduct as the inner ring 62 of drive wheel by the inboard of the outer ring 61 of drive wheel; Above-mentioned outer ring 61 is towards change-speed box 11 output torques, inputs to above-mentioned inner ring 62 from the rotation of electrical motor 10, utilizes pair of bearings 63 to support and makes outer ring 61 and inner ring 62 rotation is freely relatively; Be provided with a plurality of camming surfaces 65 in the periphery of above-mentioned inner ring 62 and in the Zhou Fangxiang devices spaced apart; At a plurality of camming surfaces 65 and be formed between the barrel surface 64 in interior week of outer ring 61 and be formed with the wedge-like space, will be assembled between each camming surface 65 and the barrel surface 64 as the roller 66 and the elastomeric element 67 of engagement piece, 67 pairs of these rollers of elastomeric element 66 are towards the direction application of force that this roller 66 is engaged with barrel surface 64 and camming surface 65 both sides.
Above-mentioned free-wheel clutch 60 forms following structure: when electrical motor 10 during towards the direction rotation that vehicle advanced go, roller 66 engages with the barrel surface 64 of outer ring 61 and the camming surface 65 of inner ring 62.
Electronlmobil shown in second embodiment is formed by above-mentioned structure; Now; When driving motor 10, the rotation of this electrical motor 10 is delivered to inner ring 62, and inner ring 62 rotates along the direction shown in the arrow of Figure 19 (e); Roller 66 engages with the barrel surface 64 of outer ring 61 and the camming surface 65 of inner ring 62, and free-wheel clutch 60 is in fastening state.
Therefore, the rotation of inner ring 62 is delivered to outer ring 61 via roller 66, and the rotation of this outer ring 61 is rotated thereby be delivered to pair of right and left vehicle bridge 4 front-wheels 4 from rotation the past diff 12 that this change-speed box 11 is exported by change-speed box 11 speed changes, and vehicle advances and goes.
Generally speaking, the starting form of vehicle is the low speed starting, but the step on the accelerator of exerting oneself by error sometimes, the situation of trampling of removing in terror and at once that exists this fly start of reason to cause to pedal.At this moment, because of quickening the reason of moment of torsion, the various drive elements of 2 power-transmission system significantly reverse from electrical motor 10 to front-wheel.
Especially, the force of inertia of the rotor of electrical motor 10 is big, can produce big reversing with this rotor bonded assembly output shaft, and this reverses suddenly and is released then.
At this moment, with the opposite direction rotation of arrow shown in (e) of output shaft bonded assembly inner ring 62 edges of electrical motor 10 and Figure 19, roller 66 is displaced to engaging and removes the position, free-wheel clutch 60 idle running.Through this idle running, reversing of the output shaft of electrical motor 10 is released, and the vibration of reciprocating swing is suppressed.
When high vehicle speeds, under the situation that the rotor supporting bearing of the big electrical motor 10 of cal val because of the insufficient lubrication hot glue or the electric power of battery is used up, under the perhaps short circuited situation, exist electrical motor 10 to slow down suddenly or the situation of locking.
At this moment, free-wheel clutch 60 is in the outer ring that torque was delivered to 61 from front-wheel 2 with respect to the inner ring 62 atwirl states that surmount, and outer ring 61 is with respect to inner ring 62 idle running.
Therefore, even if electrical motor 10 slows down suddenly or locking, vehicle also can carry out inertia traveling with keeping intact, the situation of handling maneuver can not occur carrying out.And vehicle can not stop suddenly, and chaufeur can not be absorbed in fear, can stop to wait operation according to the wish of oneself.
,, when this ABS work, the rotative speed of electrical motor 10 is controlled here, made that the rotative speed of electrical motor 10 is slower than the average velociity of front-wheel 2 when being equipped with at electronlmobil under the situation of ABS.Electrical motor 10 is stopped.Speed control through this electrical motor 10; The outer ring 61 of free-wheel clutch 60 is with respect to inner ring 62 fast rotational; Therefore free-wheel clutch 60 becomes idling conditions, is cut off from the transmission of power of electrical motor 10 to front-wheel 2, can carry out ABS control to front-wheel 2 accurately.And can not produce unusual sound.
In free-wheel clutch shown in Figure 19 60, with barrel surface 64 be formed at outer ring 61 interior week, camming surface 65 is arranged at the periphery of inner ring 62, but also can camming surface be arranged at the interior week of outer ring 61, barrel surface be formed at the periphery of inner ring 62.And, in free-wheel clutch shown in Figure 19 60, with inner ring 62 as drive wheel, with outer ring 61 as by drive wheel, but also can with outer ring 61 as drive wheel, with inner ring 62 as by drive wheel.
In Figure 19, show roller-type overrunning clutch as free-wheel clutch 60, but free-wheel clutch 60 is not limited thereto.Figure 20 to Figure 25 illustrates other example of free-wheel clutch 60.
Figure 20 illustrates the free-wheel clutch 60 of Wedge-type.In this free wheeling sprag clutch 60; The periphery of 71 interior week and inner ring 72 forms barrel surface 73,74 in the outer ring; Two retainers 75,76 that external diameter is different are assembled in these two barrel surface 73, between 74; At this retainer 75,76 and in the Zhou Fangxiang devices spaced apart a plurality of pocket holes 77,78 at diametrically contraposition are set; Assemble voussoir 79 with leap in the mode in the pocket hole 77,78 of diametrically contraposition as engagement piece; Be formed with at the two ends of this voussoir 79 along with voussoir 79 falls and the elongated pair of cams face 80,81 of distance between the opposed faces towards the square neck of Zhou Fangxiang, elastomeric element 82 be assembled in the pocket hole 78 of above-mentioned path side retainer 76, the direction that engages with barrel surface 73,74 towards the camming surface 80,81 of voussoir 79 is to voussoir 79 application of forces.
In above-mentioned free-wheel clutch 60; When the rotation of electrical motor 10 be delivered to inner ring 72 and this inner ring 72 when the direction shown in the arrow of Figure 20 is rotated; The camming surface 80,81 of voussoir 79 engages with outer ring side barrel surface 73 and inner ring side barrel surface 74; The rotation of inner ring 72 is delivered to outer ring 71 via voussoir 79, thereby outer ring 71 rotates along equidirectional with inner ring 72.
And when the rotative speed of outer ring 71 surpassed the rotative speed of inner ring 72, the engaging of voussoir 79 was removed, and outer ring 71 is with respect to inner ring 72 idle running.
In addition, in Figure 20 with inner ring 72 as drive wheel, with outer ring 71 as by drive wheel, but also can with inner ring 72 as by drive wheel, with outer ring 71 as drive wheel.
Figure 21 shows the Ratcheting one-way clutch 60 of radial mode.In this free-wheel clutch 60; Inner ring 112 is assembled in the inboard of outer ring 111; Be formed with a plurality of otch 113 in the interior week of above-mentioned outer ring 111 and on Zhou Fangxiang devices spaced apart ground; On the other hand, the periphery of inner ring 112 and the Zhou Fangxiang devices spaced apart be provided with a plurality of pockets hole 114, the engaging pawl 115 that can swing and the elastomeric element 116 of this engaging pawl 115 towards the direction application of force that this engaging pawl 115 is engaged with otch 113 be assembled in each pocket hole 114.
In the free-wheel clutch that forms by said structure 60; Side in outer ring 111 and the inner ring 112 is used as drive wheel; From the transmission of power of electrical motor 10 to drive wheel, with the opposing party as the propulsive effort that comes towards the output of wheel 2 sides from above-mentioned drive wheel transmission by drive wheel.When inner ring 112 is used as drive wheel; When the driving through electrical motor 10 and inner ring 112 when the direction shown in the arrow of Figure 21 is rotated; Engaging pawl 115 engages with otch 113, and the rotation of inner ring 112 is passed to outer ring 111, thereby outer ring 111 rotates along equidirectional with inner ring 112.
Under the state of the 111 transmission rotations from inner ring 112 towards the outer ring, when the rotative speed of outer ring 111 surpassed the rotative speed of inner ring 112, the engaging of engaging pawl 115 was removed, and dallied with respect to inner ring 112 in outer ring 111.
Here; If the quantity that makes otch 113 is more than the quantity of engaging pawl 115 and make the formation spacing of this otch 113 different with the installing space that engages pawl 115; Then because an engaging pawl 115 in a plurality of engaging pawls 115 is maintained at the state that engages with otch 113; Therefore there is not play at hand of rotation, can in inner ring 112 rotations, makes outer ring 111 rotations.
In Figure 21, utilize inner ring 112 to keep engaging pawls 115 and otch 113 be formed at interior week of outer ring 111, but also can be in the outer ring 111 interior week form the pocket hole and keep engaging pawl 115 and form otch 113 in the periphery of inner ring 112.
Figure 22 to Figure 25 illustrates the Ratcheting one-way clutch 60 of axialmode.In this free-wheel clutch 60; Inner ring 122 is assembled in the inboard of outer ring 121; End in above-mentioned outer ring 121 is provided with inward flange 123; The other end at inner ring 122 is provided with at axial and above-mentioned inward flange 123 opposed export-oriented flanges 124; On the opposed faces relative of above-mentioned inward flange 123 and separate equal intervals at Zhou Fangxiang and be provided with a plurality of teats 125 with export-oriented flange 124; These teats 125 have camming surface 126 in periphery, in the periphery that is assembled in the annular cam plate 127 between the opposed faces of above-mentioned inward flange 123 and export-oriented flange 124 and separate equal intervals at Zhou Fangxiang and be provided with a plurality of engaging pawls 128 that can engage with above-mentioned teat 125, utilize the 129 pairs of lobe plates of elastomeric element 127 that are made up of wavy spring towards the direction application of force that engaging pawl 128 is engaged with teat 125.
Here, shown in (f), (g) and Figure 25 of Figure 23 (j), (k), the camming surface 126 that is formed at the periphery of teat 125 constitutes and comprises: dip plane 126a, and this dip plane 126a has updip gradient crustal inclination at Zhou Fangxiang; Tabular surface 126b, this tabular surface 126b is connected setting with the eminence ora terminalis of above-mentioned dip plane 126a; And stepped surface 126c, this stepped surface 126c is connected setting with the ora terminalis of above-mentioned tabular surface 126b.And camming surface 126 has the gradient crustal inclination that has a down dip towards the radial direction outside, and its tiltangle is set at about 4 °.
And shown in Figure 24 (h), (i), the engaging pawl 128 of periphery that is arranged at lobe plate 127 is with respect to two face tilts in the table of lobe plate 127, thereby can engage with the stepped surface 126c of above-mentioned teat 125.
In the free-wheel clutch that forms by said structure 60; Side in outer ring 121 and the inner ring 122 is used as drive wheel; From the transmission of power of electrical motor 10 to drive wheel, with the opposing party as the propulsive effort that comes towards the output of wheel 2 sides from above-mentioned drive wheel transmission by drive wheel.When inner ring 122 is used as drive wheel; When inner ring 122 is along a direction rotation through the driving of electrical motor 10; Engaging pawl 128 engages with the stepped surface 126c of teat 125, and the rotation of inner ring 112 is delivered to outer ring 121, thereby outer ring 121 rotates along equidirectional with inner ring 122.
Transmitting to outer ring 121 under the state of rotation from inner ring 122, when the rotative speed of outer ring 121 surpassed the rotative speed of inner ring 122, engaging pawl 128 moved at Zhou Fangxiang along camming surface 126, and outer ring 121 is with respect to inner ring 122 idle running.
Here; If the quantity that makes teat 125 is more than the quantity of engaging pawl 128 and make the formation spacing of this teat 125 different with the formation spacing that engages pawl 128; Then owing to one in a plurality of engaging pawls 128 engaging pawl 128 is disposed at and the stepped surface 126c butt of teat 125 or approaching position; Therefore the play on the hand of rotation is few, can in inner ring 122 rotations, make outer ring 121 rotations.
In Figure 22 to Figure 25, teat 125 is arranged at the inward flange 123 of outer ring 121, but also can teat be arranged at the export-oriented flange 124 of inner ring 122, utilize 129 pairs of lobe plates of elastomeric element 127 towards export-oriented flange 124 application of forces.
In Figure 26; Open end in the outer ring 61 of the free-wheel clutch 60 of roller-type shown in Figure 19 is formed with big footpath hole portion 85; On inner ring 62, be provided with big footpath axial region 86, between the aperture surface of this big footpath axial region 86 and big footpath hole portion 85, be provided with friction drag applying unit 90 with these big footpath hole portion 85 opposed position.
As friction drag applying unit 90; Form: axially alternately assembling a plurality of outboard friction plate 91 and a plurality of inboard friction plate 92 here; Above-mentioned outboard friction plate 91 is chimeric with the aperture surface of big directly hole portion 85 by spline 93; Thereby endwisely slipping freely by outer ring 61 splines and with respect to outer ring 61; Above-mentioned inboard friction plate 92 is chimeric with big footpath axial region 86 by spline 94; Thereby endwisely slipping freely by inner ring 62 splines and with respect to inner ring 62, making two friction plates, 91,92 mutual Elastic Contact by the pushing of the elastomeric element that constitutes by the dish spring 95, thereby outer ring 61 and inner ring 62 are applied the rotational resistance that is produced by the friction between the contact part of outboard friction plate 91 and inboard friction plate 92 each other.96 expressions prevent the back-up ring that elastomeric element 95 is deviate from.
As stated; Through the friction drag applying unit 90 that is made up of a plurality of friction plates 91,92 is set between outer ring 61 and inner ring 62; Thus, even if because of the deceleration rotation free-wheel clutch 60 of electrical motor 10 dallies, friction plate also can transmit by fricative torque for 91,92 groups; Therefore electrical motor 10 can carry out energy regeneration as electrical generator performance function.
The moment of torsion of the torque settings that produces by the friction of 91,92 groups of friction plates during energy regeneration for transmitting less than the driving torque of electrical motor 10, less than free-wheel clutch 60; And set for: when carrying out fail safe, slide in the outboard friction plate 91 and the contact part generation of inboard friction plate 92 because of electrical motor 10 et out of orders.
And; If when starting is quickened, remove trampling of acceleration pedal stopped to quicken; As previously mentioned; Originally because of the such drive element of output shaft that quickens the electrical motor that moment of torsion reverses begins to carry out the vibration of reciprocating swing, but through friction drag applying unit 90 is set, can utilize the idle running of free-wheel clutch 60 and fricative resistance to suppress this vibration effectively by friction plate 91,92.
In addition, the fricative resistance by friction plate 91,92, ABS is played a role when working as braking force.
In Figure 26, show the structure that constitutes by a plurality of friction plates 91,92 as friction drag applying unit 90, but friction drag applying unit 90 is not limited thereto.For example; Shown in figure 27; Also can be to form following structure: with inner peripheral surface 101 form taper outboard cone 100, and outer peripheral face 103 forms and the inboard cone 102 of the taper of the taper inner peripheral surface of this outboard cone 100 101 coupling is assembled in big footpath hole portion 85 with greatly directly between the axial region 86; Above-mentioned outboard cone 100 is chimeric with big directly hole portion 85 by spline 93; Thereby endwisely slipping freely by outer ring 61 splines and with respect to outer ring 61; Above-mentioned inboard cone 102 is chimeric with big footpath axial region 86 by spline 94, thereby is endwisely slipping freely by inner ring 62 splines and with respect to inner ring 62, by the pushing of elastomeric element 104 to inboard cone 102 towards the outside cone 100 application of forces.
In second embodiment shown in Figure 180, free-wheel clutch 60 is assembled between electrical motor 10 and the change-speed box 11, but the assembling position of free-wheel clutch 60 is not limited thereto.For example, also can be assembled in the position of the power make and break device 20 shown in (a) to (c) of Figure 17.
Label declaration
2... front-wheel (wheel); 4... vehicle bridge; 10... electrical motor; 11... change-speed box; 12... preceding diff (diff); 21... bidirectional clutch; 22... outer ring; 23... input shaft; 26,27a... barrel surface; 27,65,80,81,126... camming surface; 28... retainer; 29,53,54,77,78,114... pocket hole; 30,66... roller (engagement piece); 34,55... switch spring; 40... magnetic clutch; 41... armature; 42... rotor; 43... electromagnet; 50... voussoir (engagement piece); 51... first retainer; 52... second retainer; 60... free-wheel clutch; 61,71,111,121... outer ring; 62,72,112,122... inner ring; 64,73,74... barrel surface; 67,82,116,129... elastomeric element; 75,76... retainer; 79... voussoir; 90... friction drag applying unit; 91... outboard friction plate; 92... inboard friction plate; 100... outboard cone; 101... inner peripheral surface; 102... inboard cone; 103... outer peripheral face; 113... otch; 115,128... engaging pawl; 123... inward flange; 124... export-oriented flange; 125... teat; 126a... dip plane; 126b... tabular surface; 126c... stepped surface; 127... lobe plate; 128... engaging pawl; 129... elastomeric element.

Claims (18)

1. electronlmobil, this electronlmobil only with electrical motor as drive source, and the propulsive effort of this electrical motor be delivered to wheel and make vehicle ',
Said electronlmobil is characterised in that,
The power-transmission system that is delivered to wheel at the propulsive effort with said electrical motor is assembled with:
The engagement piece that bidirectional clutch, this bidirectional clutch have retainer and kept by this retainer makes the engagement piece engaging through the rotation of said retainer is controlled, and makes drive-side shaft thus and is combined by drive-side shaft; And
Magnetic clutch through to the energising of this magnetic clutch or cut off the energising of this magnetic clutch is controlled the rotation of said retainer, thereby is controlled the engaging of bidirectional clutch and the releasing of this engaging.
2. electronlmobil according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Said bidirectional clutch is the roller type bidirectional clutch; Be connected in by the interior week of the outer ring of drive-side shaft and be assembled in the inboard of this outer ring and the side that is connected in the periphery of input shaft of drive-side shaft is provided with barrel surface; Be provided with a plurality of camming surfaces the opposing party; Between these camming surfaces and said barrel surface, be formed with the narrow and small wedge-like space, two ends of Zhou Fangxiang; On the retainer that is assembled between said outer ring and the input shaft and with each camming surface opposed position, be formed with the pocket hole, in this pocket hole, be assembled with roller, through the relative rotation of said outer ring and input shaft; Said roller engages with said barrel surface and camming surface; Be assembled with switch spring between the parts of the side that is formed with camming surface in said outer ring and input shaft and the retainer, this switch spring carries out elasticity to retainer and keeps, and makes roller be held in center position.
3. electronlmobil according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Said bidirectional clutch is the roller type bidirectional clutch; Be connected in by the interior week of the outer ring of drive-side shaft and be assembled in the inboard of this outer ring and the side that is connected in the periphery of input shaft of drive-side shaft is provided with barrel surface; Be provided with a plurality of camming surfaces the opposing party; Between these camming surfaces and said barrel surface, be formed with the narrow and small wedge-like space, two ends of Zhou Fangxiang; On the retainer that is assembled between said outer ring and the input shaft and with each camming surface opposed position, be formed with the pocket hole; In this pocket hole, be assembled with roller, through the relative rotation of said outer ring and input shaft, said roller engages with said barrel surface and camming surface; Be assembled with switch spring between the parts of the side that is formed with camming surface in said outer ring and input shaft and the retainer, this switch spring applies the torque of direction of narrow part that roller is pushed a side in the wedge-like space that is formed by barrel surface and camming surface to retainer.
4. electronlmobil according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Said bidirectional clutch is the Wedge-type bidirectional clutch; Be respectively arranged with barrel surface being connected in by the interior week of the outer ring of drive-side shaft and the periphery that is assembled in the inboard of this outer ring and is connected in the input shaft of drive-side shaft; Second retainer that between this barrel surface, is assembled with first retainer and is disposed at the inboard of this first retainer; In the pocket hole of the opposed locations that is arranged at these two retainers, be assembled with voussoir; When these two retainers rotated relatively, said voussoir engaged with the barrel surface separately of outer ring and input shaft, and said second retainer is fixed in input shaft; Between said first retainer and second retainer, be assembled with switch spring, this switch spring on the direction that the barrel surface of the barrel surface of said voussoir and outer ring and input shaft engages to the side application of force of first retainer towards Zhou Fangxiang.
5. according to each described electronlmobil in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that,
Said magnetic clutch comprises:
Armature, this armature is by said retainer spline and be supported to and can move freely vertically;
Rotor, this rotor are fixed in said outer ring or input shaft and opposed axially with armature; And
Electromagnet, this electromagnet is supported by stationary parts, through to this electromagnet energising, armature is adsorbed in rotor.
6. electronlmobil according to claim 5 is characterized in that,
Be provided with the sensor of rotative speed of rotative speed and the wheel of the S. A. that detects said electrical motor; Through being compared, the detection signal from each sensor output judges the unusual of electrical motor; When being judged as when unusual; To cut off the energising of the magnet coil of said electromagnet, thereby make bidirectional clutch become the engaging disarm state.
7. electronlmobil according to claim 5 is characterized in that,
Be provided with the acceleration pick-up of acceleration/accel of acceleration/accel and the wheel of the S. A. that detects said electrical motor; Through being compared, the detection signal from each acceleration pick-up output judges the unusual of electrical motor; When being judged as when unusual; To cut off the energising of the magnet coil of said electromagnet, thereby make bidirectional clutch become the engaging disarm state.
8. according to each described electronlmobil in the claim 5 to 7, it is characterized in that,
When utilizing ABS control that said wheel is carried out glancing impact, when this ABS work, will cut off the energising of the magnet coil of said electromagnet, thereby make bidirectional clutch become the engaging disarm state.
9. electronlmobil, this electronlmobil only with electrical motor as drive source, and the propulsive effort of this electrical motor be delivered to wheel and make vehicle ',
Said electronlmobil is characterised in that,
The power-transmission system that is delivered to wheel at the propulsive effort with said electrical motor is assembled with the free-wheel clutch of override type; This free-wheel clutch has drive wheel and by drive wheel; Import said drive wheel from the propulsive effort of said electrical motor; Saidly the propulsive effort that comes from said drive wheel transmission will be exported towards wheel side by drive wheel, the rotative speed of said drive wheel than the situation fast by the rotative speed of drive wheel under, said free-wheel clutch is delivered to the propulsive effort of drive wheel by drive wheel; When by the rotative speed of drive wheel when faster than the rotative speed of drive wheel, said free-wheel clutch makes drive wheel idle running.
10. electronlmobil according to claim 9 is characterized in that,
Said free-wheel clutch is a roller-type overrunning clutch; In interior week of outer ring, be formed with barrel surface with a side in the periphery of the inner ring of the inboard that is assembled in the outer ring; Be provided with a plurality of camming surfaces the opposing party; Between these camming surfaces and said barrel surface, be formed with the wedge-like space, between these camming surfaces and barrel surface, be assembled with roller and elastomeric element, said elastomeric element to said roller towards the direction application of force that said roller is engaged with barrel surface and camming surface both sides; With the side in said outer ring and the inner ring as drive wheel, with the opposing party as by drive wheel.
11. electronlmobil according to claim 9 is characterized in that,
Said free-wheel clutch is a free wheeling sprag clutch; In interior week of outer ring, be formed with barrel surface with the periphery of the inner ring of the inboard that is assembled in the outer ring; Be formed with a plurality of pockets hole at the Zhou Fangxiang that is assembled in the retainer between outer ring barrel surface and the inner ring barrel surface; In each pocket hole, be assembled with voussoir and elastomeric element; Said elastomeric element to said voussoir towards the direction application of force that said voussoir is engaged with outer ring barrel surface and inner ring barrel surface both sides, with the side in said outer ring and the inner ring as drive wheel, with the opposing party as by drive wheel.
12. electronlmobil according to claim 9 is characterized in that,
Said free-wheel clutch is the Ratcheting one-way clutch of radial mode; Interior week of outer ring, with the periphery of the inner ring of the inboard that is assembled in the outer ring in a side and be formed with a plurality of pockets hole in the Zhou Fangxiang devices spaced apart; Be provided with a plurality of otch the opposing party and in the Zhou Fangxiang devices spaced apart; In said pocket hole, be assembled with engaging pawl and elastomeric element, said engaging pawl can be swung, said elastomeric element to said engaging pawl towards the direction application of force that said engaging pawl is engaged with otch; With the side in said outer ring and the inner ring as drive wheel, with the opposing party as by drive wheel.
13. electronlmobil according to claim 9 is characterized in that,
Said free-wheel clutch is the Ratcheting one-way clutch of axialmode; End in the outer ring is provided with inward flange; Be formed with in the other end of the inner ring of the inboard that is assembled in the outer ring axially with the opposed export-oriented flange of said inward flange; Side in the opposed faces of said inward flange and export-oriented flange and be to be provided with a plurality of teats at Zhou Fangxiang; These teats have camming surface in periphery; This camming surface forms: the eminence ora terminalis in the dip plane that has updip gradient crustal inclination along Zhou Fangxiang is connected with tabular surface, and is connected with stepped surface at the ora terminalis of this tabular surface, makes the camming surface of each protuberance have the gradient crustal inclination that has a down dip towards the radial direction outside; Periphery being assembled in the lobe plate between said inward flange and export-oriented flange opposed is formed with a plurality of engaging pawls that can engage with said stepped surface; Utilize elastomeric element to said lobe plate towards the flange application of force that is formed with a side of teat, with the side in said outer ring and the inner ring as drive wheel, with the opposing party as by drive wheel.
14. according to each described electronlmobil in the claim 9 to 13, it is characterized in that,
Be provided with the friction drag applying unit at the drive wheel of said free-wheel clutch and between by opposed faces between the drive wheel, at diametrically contraposition; When rotating relatively when drive wheel and by drive wheel; Said friction drag applying unit is to drive wheel and applied the rotational resistance that produces because of friction each other by drive wheel, and the friction torque of said friction drag applying unit is less than the allowable torque of free-wheel clutch.
15. electronlmobil according to claim 14 is characterized in that,
Said friction drag applying unit constitutes: axially alternately be assembled with a plurality of outboard friction plate that can slide vertically and a plurality of inboard friction plate that can slide vertically; Said outboard friction plate is with respect to said drive wheel and by the periderm spline of the outer side drive wheel that is positioned at the outside in the drive wheel; Said inboard friction plate is with respect to the outer periderm spline of side drive wheel in said, makes two mutual Elastic Contact of friction plate by the pushing of elastomeric element.
16. electronlmobil according to claim 14 is characterized in that,
Said friction drag applying unit comprises:
Inner peripheral surface is the outboard cone of taper, this outboard cone with respect to said drive wheel with by in the drive wheel be positioned at the outside outer side drive wheel the periderm spline and can slide vertically;
Outer peripheral face is the inboard cone with the taper of the taper inner peripheral surface of said outboard cone coupling, and this inboard cone is with respect to the outer periderm spline of side drive wheel in said and can slide vertically; And
Elastomeric element, the said outboard cone pushing of this elastomeric element court is said should the inboard cone.
17. according to each described electronlmobil in the claim 14 to 16, it is characterized in that,
The rotational resistance that regenerative brake power when said electrical motor moves as electrical generator produces less than the friction because of said friction drag applying unit.
18. according to each described electronlmobil in the claim 9 to 17, it is characterized in that,
When utilizing ABS control that said wheel is carried out glancing impact, the rotative speed of said electrical motor is controlled, make the rotative speed of said electrical motor than slow with the cooresponding speed of the rotation of wheel change minimum value.
CN2010800403271A 2009-09-11 2010-08-30 Electric automobile Pending CN102481843A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

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JP2009-210532 2009-09-11
JP2009210532A JP2011062011A (en) 2009-09-11 2009-09-11 Electric vehicle
JP2009-236258 2009-10-13
JP2009236258 2009-10-13
JP2009287807A JP2011102112A (en) 2009-10-13 2009-12-18 Electric vehicle
JP2009-287807 2009-12-18
PCT/JP2010/064718 WO2011030689A1 (en) 2009-09-11 2010-08-30 Electric automobile

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