CN102479108A - Terminal resource management system for multi-application process embedded system and method - Google Patents
Terminal resource management system for multi-application process embedded system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a terminal resource management system for a multi-application process embedded system and a method. All application processes need to call specific application program interfaces to access terminal resources; the terminal resources are a set of capabilities provided by a terminal hardware platform and comprise a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a memory, a hard disk, a decoder, a demultiplexer, a graphic engine, and the like; when a plurality of applications are simultaneously operated, dynamic priorities for the application processes are set up according to the types of the applications and a statistical regularity that users use the applications; when some kind of terminal resources is overloaded or is in a conflict because more applications are operated in a system, the terminal resources are optimally allocated and dispatched by combining an application process status control method and the priorities so as to preferably ensure the reliable operation of applications with high priorities. The terminal resource management system for the multi-application process embedded system and the method have the advantages that: the controllability and the safety for accessing shared terminal resources are improved; and the terminal resource management based on user experience is achieved, the reliable and efficient operation of applications which users pay more attention to can be preferably guaranteed so as to improve the user experience.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a multi-application supporting technology of an embedded system, mainly realizes an application process-oriented embedded system terminal resource management method in a scene supporting simultaneous operation of multiple applications, and particularly relates to a multi-application process embedded system terminal resource management system and method.
Background
Terminal resource management is an important component of embedded systems. The terminal resource management provides an access method of terminal resources, such as a CPU, a memory, a network bandwidth, a decoder, a demultiplexing channel, a graph and the like, for each application program running on the embedded system. Under the environment that multiple applications run simultaneously, the overload condition of certain terminal resources easily occurs in the limited terminal resources of the embedded system, or multiple applications using the terminal resources cannot run normally at the same time due to the mutual exclusivity of shared terminal resources such as a decoder, the terminal resource management is used for coordinating the use of the shared terminal resources by multiple application processes, the two application processes cannot use the same mutual exclusivity terminal resources at the same time, and the applications which are more interested by a user are ensured to obtain the priority access right of the terminal resources, and the terminal resource requirements of the applications which are more interested by the user are ensured to be met preferentially when the shared terminal resources are overloaded.
In the existing real-time embedded system, a terminal resource management method combining task scheduling and terminal resource access control is mostly adopted. Before the application runs, the system allocates a priority to the application, the scheduler ensures that the currently running application has the highest priority in the task scheduling queue, and the high-priority application can preempt the running time of the low-priority application. When the high-priority application is blocked because the terminal resource required by the high-priority application is occupied by the low-priority application, the low-priority application inherits the priority of the high-priority application during the use of the terminal resource to avoid the priority from being hung upside down, so that the high-priority application needs to be blocked until the low-priority application finishes the use of the terminal resource.
However, for an embedded terminal facing a consumer user and supporting simultaneous operation of multiple applications, the embedded terminal has multiple audio and video terminal resources such as a decoder and a demultiplexer, and when multiple applications need to access the terminal resources at the same time, time division multiplexing cannot be performed like a CPU, so that management of the terminal resources follows a first-come first-obtained principle, and after finding that the required terminal resources are occupied during operation of the applications, developers determine processing strategies thereof, which mainly include the following two types:
(1) application quit running
(2) Application blocking waiting terminal resources
In an embedded terminal which supports multiple applications to run simultaneously and faces consumer users, requirements of the users are fully considered in task scheduling and terminal resource access control, different users have different preferences on various applications, attention of the same user to the applications is dynamically changed, and therefore a scheduling strategy is also dynamically adjusted correspondingly. If the application priority policy is adopted for scheduling, the priority of the application process should dynamically change along with the change of the application type and the attention of the user, the application process concerned by the user currently should have the highest priority in the system, and the system should ensure the normal operation of the application concerned by the user and ensure the normal operation of the application concerned by the user. Under the scene of simultaneous operation of multiple applications, the priority of the application process is dynamically adjusted by using the application type and the user attention, and a preemptible terminal resource management system and method are not reported yet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a terminal resource management system and a method combining application scheduling and terminal resource scheduling, namely an embedded system terminal resource management system and a method of multiple application processes, aiming at solving the defect that the task scheduling and terminal resource access control method of the existing embedded system can not meet the application requirement of a user at will.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a multi-application process embedded system terminal resource management system, which comprises: an application process scheduling module and a terminal resource scheduling module, which are characterized in that,
the application process scheduling module is used for establishing the dynamic priority of the application process according to the application type and the statistical rule of the application used by the user when multiple applications run simultaneously; and
the terminal resource scheduling module is used for scheduling the terminal resources,
the terminal resource scheduling module is used for triggering the terminal resource scheduling module to perform optimized allocation and scheduling of the terminal resources again when the terminal resources in the terminal resource management system of the embedded system are overloaded or collided due to more running applications in the terminal resource management system of the embedded system; when a new application starts to run, triggering the terminal resource scheduling module to perform optimized allocation and scheduling of terminal resources, and allocating the terminal resources for the application program; when the priority of the application process changes, triggering the terminal resource scheduling module to perform optimal allocation and scheduling of terminal resources, and preferentially ensuring the reliable operation of the high-priority application of the user;
if the application process scheduling module finds that the priority of one application process is changed or the application process exits, the application process scheduling module informs the terminal resource scheduling module to plan and schedule the terminal resources again, and the application processes access the terminal resources through the strategy provided by the terminal resource scheduling module; the terminal resources include: CPU, internal memory, hard disk, decoder, demultiplexer and graphic engine.
In the above technical solution, the application process scheduling module further includes:
the state control submodule is used for controlling the running state of the running application process;
the application process information recording submodule is used for monitoring the running state of the running application process and the switching rule of the application process in real time and recording the historical information of the application process used by a user; and
the priority establishing submodule is used for dynamically establishing a priority list for each application process by analyzing and predicting the requirement of a user on the running application process by combining the information of the application process information recording submodule;
wherein, the running state of the running application process comprises: ready, active, suspend, and destroy.
In the above technical solution, the information recorded by the application process information recording submodule includes: the switching information of the user focus point at least comprises the switching probability of the user focus point among the applications.
The priority establishing submodule defines the highest priority for the application process which is currently operated in the foreground. The application process switching state comprises: start, pause, resume, and stop.
The information in the application process priority list includes: the ID of the application process, the priority, the maximum number of various terminal resources required by the application and the window position of the application process in the current screen.
In the above technical solution, the terminal resource scheduling module further includes:
the terminal resource planning submodule is used for realizing competitive scheduling and optimized allocation of certain terminal resources when the certain terminal resources are overloaded or conflict, and generating a corresponding application process scheduling list;
the terminal resource monitoring submodule is used for collecting terminal resource information of the embedded system by terminal resources when the system is started, establishing a state list of the terminal resources, carrying out real-time monitoring and maintaining the use state of the terminal resources;
the terminal resource allocation submodule is used for providing a control method for terminal resource access for the running application process; and
and the terminal resource information maintenance submodule is used for maintaining a state list of the terminal resources.
In the above technical solution, the terminal resource usage state is determined by the remaining available number of the terminal resource, and specifically includes the following two states: availability and overload;
wherein, the available quantity of the residual terminal resources is as follows:
Rfree＝Rtotal-Rsys-Rapp-Rresv-Rthreshold
wherein R isfree isRemaining available amount of terminal resources, Rtotal isTotal amount of system terminal resources, Rsys isNumber of terminal resources occupied by system services, RappNumber of terminal resources, R, occupied for application processresvReserving a terminal resource quantity, R, for a high priority application processthresholdIs a threshold value.
The invention also provides a terminal resource management method of the embedded system with multiple application processes based on the system, which realizes competitive scheduling of terminal resources by establishing dynamic priority of the application processes according to the application types and the statistical rules of the application used by the user, and comprises the following steps:
a step of establishing the dynamic priority of the application process, which is used for establishing and adjusting the dynamic priority of the application process according to the application type and the statistical rule of the application used by the user when multiple applications run simultaneously;
scheduling terminal resources, namely performing competitive scheduling on the terminal resources again in the competitive scheduling process of the terminal resources when the priority of the application process changes, and preferentially ensuring the reliable operation of high-priority applications;
wherein, the step of scheduling the terminal resource further comprises: when the running applications in the system are more and cause overload or conflict of certain terminal resources, or when a new application is started or the application exits from the embedded system, the competitive scheduling process of the terminal resources is carried out, and the competitive scheduling of the terminal resources is carried out again;
the terminal resources specifically include: image resources and non-image resources of the terminal.
In the above technical solution, the step of establishing the dynamic priority of the application process further includes:
a state control substep of controlling the running state of the running application process;
an application process information recording substep, which monitors the running state of the running application process and the switching rule of the application process in real time, and records and maintains the historical information of the application process used by a user;
and a priority establishing substep, which dynamically establishes a priority list for each application process by analyzing and predicting the requirements of the user on the running application process according to the historical information of the application process used by the user. Wherein,
the history information of the application process comprises: the switching information of the user focus point at least comprises the switching probability of the user focus point among the applications;
the priority establishing substep defines the highest priority for the application process currently running in the foreground;
the information in the application process priority list includes: the ID of the application process, the priority, the maximum number of various terminal resources required by the application and the window position of the application process in the current screen.
In the above technical solution, the maintaining of the history information of the application process specifically includes the following steps:
(100) when a user starts to pay attention to the application process i, adding one to H [ i ] [ i ];
(101) when a user jumps from an application process i to an application process j, adding one to H [ i ] [ i ], adding one to the using frequency T [ i ] fre of T [ i ], wherein the last using time length T [ i ] duration [ fre ] is the time length of using the application process i at this time;
wherein N is the total number of all application processes in the system; h [ i ] [ i ] is an N × N matrix; t [ i ] is a binary set (fre, duration [ fre ]), which contains the number of times the user uses the application i and the duration of each use.
In the above technical solution, the dynamically establishing and adjusting the priority includes the following steps:
(200) calculating a transition probability matrix S of the user using the application, wherein the calculation method can be shown by the following formula:
(201) assuming that the current user is using the application process i, the priority determination method may employ the following policy: the priority of the application process i is the highest and is Pmax, and the priorities of other application processes are reduced by 1 in sequence according to the descending of the transition probability Si [ j ];
(202) when the application used by the user is switched, the priority calculation is carried out again, and the step (201) is entered;
in the above technique, the terminal resource scheduling step further includes:
(300) when the system is started, initializing a terminal resource state list for recording state information of system terminal resources, wherein the state information comprises a maximum quantity, a used quantity, a residual available quantity and a threshold value;
(301) when the system runs, if a plurality of application processes simultaneously apply for the terminal resource A, requesting to access the terminal resource A for one application process with the highest priority according to the priority list;
(302) checking the state of the terminal resource A, if the residual available quantity of the terminal resource is larger than the threshold value after the quantity of the terminal resource requested by the application process is distributed, switching to (303), and otherwise, switching to (305);
(303) allocating the terminal resources A to the application process according to the number of the requests for use, updating the state information of the terminal resources A by the terminal resources, adding occupation information about the application process, and turning in (304);
(304) the application process completes terminal resource access, the terminal resource applies for releasing the terminal resource A, the terminal resource recovers the terminal resource A, the terminal resource updates the state information of the terminal resource A, and the occupation information of the application process is deleted; turning into (306);
(305) detecting overload of terminal resources, and planning and scheduling the terminal resources through the terminal resources;
(306) and (4) after the terminal resource access process is finished, re-scheduling the terminal resources according to the application process with the priority list as the second best priority, and turning to the step (302).
The invention has the advantages that: by providing a uniform terminal resource access and release interface for the application, the controllability and the safety of the shared terminal resource access are improved; by establishing the dynamic priority of the application process based on the user behavior characteristics and dynamically planning and scheduling the terminal resources, the terminal resource management based on the user experience is realized, the reliable and efficient operation of the application concerned by the user can be preferentially ensured, and the user experience is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a terminal resource management system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a process of accessing a terminal resource by a terminal resource scheduling module according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an application process state switching process;
FIG. 4 is a non-graphical terminal resource scheduling flow;
FIG. 5 illustrates a scheduling flow.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
The application process scheduling module establishes a priority for each application process and dynamically adjusts the priority based on the type of the application process and the dynamic change of the user attention; the terminal resource scheduling module provides a uniform terminal resource access interface, maintains the use state of the terminal resource and monitors the terminal resource access condition; the two are combined to realize a preemptive terminal resource management method supporting simultaneous operation of multiple applications.
The invention provides an embedded system terminal resource management system supporting multiple application processes, which consists of an application process scheduling module and a terminal resource scheduling module: the terminal resource scheduling module provides a uniform terminal resource access method for the application process, monitors the state and the use condition of the system terminal resources, and realizes the optimal allocation and competitive scheduling of the shared terminal resources by combining the application process scheduling module; the application process scheduling module provides a unified application process running state scheduling method, monitors the state of each application process and the behavior information of the application used by a user in real time, dynamically establishes priority for each application process, and provides a basis for the competitive scheduling of the shared terminal resources of the terminal resource scheduling module; the system comprises:
-an application process scheduling module, which is mainly used for controlling the running state of the application process, and at least comprises the operations of starting, pausing, resuming and stopping; the application process scheduling module monitors the running state of the application process and the switching rule of the application process in real time, records the historical information of the application used by a user, and dynamically establishes priorities for the application processes by analyzing and predicting the requirements of the user on the application; the application process scheduling module has the following main functions:
(1) monitoring behavior information of a user using an application;
(2) according to user operation, starting, pausing, recovering and stopping operation of the application are carried out by combining an application process scheduling list generated by a terminal resource scheduling module;
(3) establishing a priority list for the application process during operation, and dynamically adjusting according to the change of the system state;
(4) and when the priority of the application process is changed or the application exits, informing the terminal resource scheduling module to carry out necessary terminal resource planning.
-a terminal resource scheduling module, which is mainly used for completing terminal resource access control and shared terminal resource allocation scheduling, and providing a uniform terminal resource access interface for applications; the terminal resource scheduling module maintains the use state of terminal resources, monitors the terminal resource access condition in real time, finds terminal resource competition among applications in time, realizes a preemptible terminal resource access control method according to the application process priority given by the application process scheduling module, and returns a generated application process scheduling list to the application process scheduling module; the main modules and main functions of the terminal resource scheduling module are as follows:
(1) a terminal resource monitoring module: when the system is started, the terminal resource scheduling module collects system terminal resource information, establishes a terminal resource state table, performs real-time monitoring and maintains the use state of the terminal resources;
(2) a terminal resource allocation module: providing a terminal resource access control method for an application program;
(3) a terminal resource planning module: when the terminal resources are overloaded or conflicted, corresponding competitive scheduling and optimized allocation are realized according to the priority, and an application process scheduling list is generated;
(4) a terminal resource information maintenance module: and generating and maintaining a terminal resource state list.
The behavior information of the user using the application comprises the number of times each application is used, time and switching information between the applications.
The application process running state at least comprises four kinds of states of ready, active, pause and destroy, and the switching among the states is completed by starting, pausing, recovering and stopping operations; the application process switching rule refers to the transition probability of switching between application processes. The application process state and the control method thereof are as follows:
A. after a user selects to start a certain application, the application process scheduling module can enable the application to enter a ready state and wait for the terminal resource management module to plan and control the terminal resources of the application process;
B. the application process can enter an active state through starting or recovering operation, and the application enters a normal working flow at the moment and can possibly use various system terminal resources;
C. pausing, the application process can enter a paused state through pausing operation, the application process is paused to run at the moment, but occupied terminal resources such as a memory and the like cannot be released, and only CPU and network bandwidth terminal resources are released;
D. and destroying, namely enabling the application process to enter a destroying state by stopping operation, and completely quitting the runtime environment by the application program at the moment and releasing the terminal resources occupied by the application program.
The history information recording method for the application used by the user records information such as the times and time for the user to use the application, application process switching and the like; all history information of the application can be represented by a matrix H of N x N and a one-dimensional array T [ N ], wherein N is the total number of the application in the system, and the application is expanded when a new application is added; h [ i ] [ i ] (i ═ i) denotes the number of jumps from application i to application j, H [ i ] [ i ] denotes the total number of times the user uses application i, T [ i ] is a binary set (fre, duration [ fre ]), where fre is the number of times application i is focused on by the user, and duration [ fre ] records the length of time each time the user focuses on; the maintenance of the historical information is completed by the following two steps:
(1) when the user starts to pay attention to the application i, H [ i ] [ i ] is increased by one;
(2) and when the user jumps from the application i to the application j, H [ i ] [ i ] is added with one, and the information of the previous user using the application i is added to T [ i ].
The content in the run-time application process priority list includes an ID of the application process, a priority, a maximum number of various terminal resources required by the application (for providing a terminal resource reservation function), and a window position (x, y, w, h) of the application process in the current screen. If the window position of the application process in the current screen is empty, the application process is completely operated in the background at present, and the screen space is not occupied. When the size of the window position of the application process changes, the application process scheduling module needs to inform the relevant application process of redrawing.
The dynamic application process priority adjustment method establishes priority for the application process according to the application type and the user behavior rule. The behavior of the user using the application has a certain rule, which is mainly expressed as the times and duration of the user using a certain application, the times of switching the user from the certain application to another application, and the like, and the application being used by the user also has a certain influence on the priority determination of each application. The method establishes application priority conforming to user behavior habits for the applications in the system according to some information, and ensures that the application concerned by the user at present has the highest priority and the next application most possibly concerned by the user has higher priority.
The terminal resource use state comprises available state and overload state, and is determined by the remaining available quantity of the terminal resource. The maximum amount of each terminal resource is limited, the amount of available terminal resources is continuously reduced with the increase of application processes in operation, and when the remaining available amount is reduced to a critical threshold value, an overload state is reached. The increase and reduction of the number of available terminal resources are completed by the terminal resource access application and the terminal resource release operation.
Wherein, the remaining available quantity R of the terminal resourcefreeTotal amount of system terminal resources RtotalThe number R of terminal resources occupied by the system servicesysThe number R of terminal resources occupied by the application processappReserving the number R of terminal resources for the high priority application processresvAnd a threshold value RthresholdAnd (6) determining.
Rfree＝Rtotal-Rsys-Rapp-Rresv-Rthreshold
The total amount of the system terminal resources refers to the total amount of the system having a certain terminal resource. The number of terminal resources occupied by the system service refers to the number of certain terminal resources occupied by the service process in the system. The number of terminal resources occupied by the application refers to the total number of certain terminal resources occupied by the application running in the system.
The quantity of terminal resources reserved for the high-priority application process means the quantity of certain terminal resources reserved for the application process in advance according to the requirement of the application process in order to ensure the operation efficiency of the current application process with the highest priority. The system only reserves the terminal resource for the application process with the highest priority, and withdraws the terminal resource reserved for the original highest priority when the priority of the application process changes.
The critical threshold is a system overload measurement index set by the system for the allocation of various terminal resources. And the terminal resource allocation module judges whether the terminal resources are overloaded according to the critical threshold value, so that the access control of the terminal resources is realized.
When the available quantity of certain terminal resources is larger than the critical threshold value, the terminal resources are in an available state, and the terminal resource allocation module can directly allocate the terminal resources for the application process; when the available quantity of the terminal resource is less than or equal to the critical threshold value, the terminal resource is in an overload state, and at the moment, the terminal resource must be planned through a terminal resource planning module to determine whether to allocate the terminal resource for the application process.
In the terminal resource access and state maintenance method, all terminal resource accesses are performed through a terminal resource allocation module of a terminal resource scheduling module; the application accesses the terminal resources through a specific interface of the terminal resource allocation module, and the terminal resource monitoring module monitors the state of the system terminal resources in real time and informs the terminal resource information maintenance module to update the state of the terminal resources. The terminal resource access and state maintenance flow is as follows:
(1) when the system is started, the terminal resource information maintenance module initializes a terminal resource state list for recording the state information of the system terminal resources, including the maximum quantity, the used quantity, the residual available quantity, the threshold value and the like;
(2) when the terminal resource A runs, the application process A requests the terminal resource allocation module to access the terminal resource A;
(3) the terminal resource allocation module checks the state of the terminal resource A, if the residual available quantity of the terminal resource is larger than the threshold value after the terminal resource quantity requested by the application process is allocated to the application process, the step is switched to (4), and if not, the step is switched to (6);
(4) the terminal resource allocation module allocates the terminal resources A to the application process A according to the number of the requests for use, notifies the terminal resource information maintenance module to update the state information of the terminal resources A, increases the occupation information of the application process A, and switches to (5);
(5) the application process A finishes terminal resource access, applies for releasing the terminal resource A to the terminal resource allocation module, the terminal resource allocation module withdraws the terminal resource A, informs the terminal resource information maintenance module to update the state information of the terminal resource A, and deletes the occupation information of the application process A; turning to (7);
(6) when detecting that the terminal resources are overloaded, informing a terminal resource planning module to carry out terminal resource planning and scheduling;
(7) and ending the terminal resource access flow.
The terminal resource state table is used for maintaining the state of the system terminal resource, and each table entry in the table records the identifier, the attribute, the maximum quantity, the used quantity, the residual available quantity, the threshold value and the occupation information of one terminal resource. The maximum quantity is the total quantity of the terminal resources which can be provided by the system; the used number is the number already occupied by each application process; the remaining available quantity is the quantity of the terminal resources available in the idle state at present; the occupation information records all application processes using the terminal resource and the amount of the terminal resource used by the application processes.
The terminal resources comprise a CPU, a network bandwidth, a memory, a decoder, a demultiplexer, a graph and the like. And planning and scheduling the non-graphic terminal resources quantitatively, and dividing the non-graphic terminal resources into three terminal resource levels of a sharing type, an exclusive type and a limited type according to the characteristics of different non-graphic terminal resources. Shared terminal resources refer to terminal resources that can be dynamically adjusted and allocated in each application running state, such as CPU and network bandwidth; the exclusive terminal resource refers to a part occupied by the application in operation and having a limited number, and can not be provided for other applications to use, such as a memory; the limited terminal resource refers to a very limited number of terminal resources in the system, such as decoders, demultiplexers, and the like, which often exist in one or two terminal resources, and after being occupied by a certain application, the limited terminal resources cannot be provided for other applications, and are not re-entrant and time division multiplexing. And logically planning and scheduling the graphics terminal resources.
When the system has priority change of application process or terminal resource overload occurs in terminal resource access, the terminal resource planning module plans and schedules the terminal resource:
A. non-graphical terminal resources:
(1) initializing occupation quantities of various terminal resources to the size of the terminal resources occupied by the system service, such as C ═ Csys, M ═ Msys and the like;
(2) sequentially scanning each application process according to the application process priority list which is arranged in a descending order, and turning to 6) when all the application processes are scanned;
(3) for each application process s, sequentially judging whether the requirements of limited and exclusive terminal resources (decoding/demultiplexing, peripheral equipment, memory and the like) are met, if the terminal resources can be met, turning to 4), otherwise, marking the application process as 'needing to be stopped', and scanning the next application process;
(4) judging whether the shared terminal resources (CPU, network bandwidth and the like) can meet the application process requirements, if so, turning to 5), otherwise, backtracking the last application process t occupying the terminal resources, and allocating the residual terminal resources and the terminal resources occupied by t to the two application processes according to the priority ratio of the two application processes;
(5) marking the application process as operable, updating the terminal resource occupation amount to a value added into the application process, and if so, turning to 3) scanning the next application process;
(6) and after the scheduling planning is finished, returning the planned application process scheduling list to the application process scheduling module.
B. And (4) graphics terminal resources. All applications running in the system can share the resources of the graphic terminal and display the content on the display device. The terminal resource scheduling module needs to maintain the logical hierarchical relationship of the graphic display for the application process, and the graphic request can be satisfied only by the application process running in the foreground, otherwise, the graphic request can be rejected by the terminal resource scheduling module. The scheduling process is as follows:
(1) the terminal resource scheduling module receives a graph request of an application process s, judges the priority of the application process s, if the application process s does not have the highest priority, the step (2) is carried out, and if not, the step (3) is carried out;
(2) taking the intersection of the screen position (xs, ys, ws, hs) of the application process s in the priority list and the position (xr, yr, wr, hr) of the current graph operation request as a graph drawing area (xd, yd, wd);
(3) the position (xr, yr, wr, hr) of the current graph operation request is the graph drawing area (xd, yd, wd, hd);
(4) and updating the corresponding graph in the region (xd, yd, wd, hd) to finish scheduling.
Wherein, the scheduling state of the application process in the application process scheduling list comprises: the method can be operated, needs to be suspended and needs to be stopped.
A. The executable terminal is characterized in that the application process has required terminal resources and can be started or recovered by the application process scheduling module to enter an operating state;
B. the application process needs to be suspended by the application process scheduling module and enters a suspended state; and stopping the application process, namely stopping the application process by the application process scheduling module, releasing the terminal resource and entering a destruction state.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a terminal resource management system, which provides a terminal resource management system and method combining application process scheduling and terminal resource scheduling supporting multiple application processes, and dynamically establishes and adjusts priorities for application processes during operation by using historical information of applications used by users and switching information between applications; the unified application process scheduling module is used for realizing the state maintenance and the history information recording of each application process and dynamically adjusting the priority of each application process during the operation according to the priority strategy; the terminal resource access is completed by a unified terminal resource scheduling module, and all terminal resource access behaviors and terminal resource conflict conditions are monitored; the terminal resource scheduling module and the application process scheduling module cooperate with each other to complete the preemptible terminal resource scheduling method supporting the simultaneous operation of multiple applications. The method can provide an effective implementation method for the embedded system terminal resource management supporting the simultaneous operation of multiple applications. The invention relates to an application process scheduling module and a terminal resource scheduling module. The user uses the history information maintenance of the application and the dynamic establishment and adjustment of the priority are completed by the application process scheduling module, and the terminal resource access, the terminal resource monitoring and the terminal resource planning are completed by the terminal resource scheduling module. The terminal resource scheduling module comprises four sub-modules of terminal resource planning, terminal resource monitoring, terminal resource allocation and terminal resource information maintenance.
The invention provides a record format and a method for the application history information used by a user, which can be implemented, and records the information such as the times and time of using the application by the user, the times of switching the application and the like; all history information of the application is represented by an N-N matrix H and a one-dimensional array T [ N ], wherein N is the total number of the application in the system; h [ i ] [ i ] (i | ═ 1) denotes the number of jumps from application i to application j, H [ i ] [ i ] denotes the total number of times the user uses application i, and T [ i ] is a binary group (fre, duration [ fre ]), containing the number of times the user uses application i and the usage time length of each time; the maintenance of the history information can be completed by the following two steps:
(100) when the user starts to pay attention to the application i, H [ i ] [ i ] is increased by one;
(101) when the user jumps from application i to application j, H [ i ] [ i ] is added with one, the using times T [ i ] fre of T [ i ] is added with one, and the last using time length T [ i ] duration [ fre ] is the time length of using i this time.
The invention provides an application process priority dynamic setting and adjusting method based on historical information of application used by a user. According to the history information record of the application used by the user, the behavior of the application used by the user is tracked and predicted, the switching rule of the application used by the user and the application information concerned by the current user are comprehensively considered, and the priority is dynamically established and adjusted for each application process during running. The specific implementation can refer to the following steps:
(200) calculating a transition probability matrix S of the user using the application, wherein the calculation method can be shown by the following formula:
(201) assuming that the current user is using application i, the priority determination method may employ the following policy: the priority of the application i is the highest and is Pmax, and the priorities of other applications are reduced by 1 in sequence according to the descending of the transition probability S [ i ] [ j ].
(202) When the application used by the user is switched, the priority calculation is performed again, and the process proceeds to step (201).
The application related to the invention needs to be developed according to a uniform interface specification, and at least comprises function interfaces for starting (start), pausing (pause), resuming (resume) and stopping (stop), and the application process scheduling module controls the running state of the application process through the interfaces.
The invention provides a practicable unified terminal resource access control method, wherein all terminal resource accesses are carried out through a terminal resource scheduling module; the application process accesses the terminal resources through a specific interface of the terminal resource allocation module, the terminal resource allocation module acquires a corresponding terminal resource state from the terminal resource monitoring module according to the terminal resource access request and compares the terminal resource state with a threshold of the terminal resources, if the residual available terminal resource amount after the terminal resource amount requested by the application process is allocated to the application process is larger than the threshold, the terminal resources are rich, and the terminal resource allocation module directly allocates the terminal resources requested by the application process to the application process; otherwise, it indicates that the terminal resource is overloaded, the terminal resource allocation module needs to submit the terminal resource information requested by the application process to the terminal resource planning module, and the terminal resource planning module performs planning and scheduling of the terminal resource.
The invention provides a terminal resource comprehensive scheduling method capable of supporting simultaneous operation of multiple applications, wherein the states of all terminal resources are maintained through a terminal resource state table. Each entry in the table records the identification, attribute, maximum quantity, used quantity, remaining available quantity, threshold value and occupation information of a terminal resource. The maximum number is the total number of resources of the terminal that the system has; the used quantity is the quantity already occupied by the system service and each application process; the remaining available quantity is the quantity of the terminal resources available at present in idle, which is equal to the maximum quantity minus the used quantity and the quantity reserved by the system for the application process with the highest priority; the threshold is a system overload measure set by the system for various terminal resource allocations. The occupation information records all application processes using the terminal resource and the quantity of the terminal resource currently used by the application processes; the syntax structure of the terminal resource state table adopted by the implementation method can be as follows:
SourceList{Source0，Source1，Source2......}
Sourcei{SourceId，SourceType，SourceName，SourceTotalNum，SourceUsedNum，SourceFreeNum，SourceThreshold，SourceAllocatedList}
SourceAllocatedList{Application0，Application1，Application2......}
Applicationj{AppId，AllocatedNum}
wherein SourceList is a state list of all terminal resources in the system, sourcei is specific information of the terminal resource i, and the meaning of each element is as follows:
SourceId: unique identification of terminal resource i in system
SourceType: type of terminal resource i
SourceName: name of terminal resource i
SourceTotalNum: maximum number of terminal resources i
SourceUsedNum: used amount of terminal resource i
Sourcefrenum: remaining available amount of terminal resource i
SourceThreshold: overload threshold for terminal resource i
SourceAllocatedList: the method comprises the following steps that an application process list of a terminal resource i is occupied currently, application j is specific information of the application process j, and the meaning of each element is as follows:
appid: unique identification of application process j in system
AllocatedNum: the number of terminal resources i that the application process j has occupied
The terminal resource access and status flow is as described in fig. 2 (confirmation of accuracy |):
(300) when the system is started, the terminal resource information maintenance module initializes a terminal resource state list for recording the state information of the system terminal resources, including the maximum quantity, the used quantity, the residual available quantity, the threshold value and the like;
(301) when the terminal resource A runs, the application process A requests the terminal resource allocation module to access the terminal resource A;
(302) the terminal resource allocation module checks the state of the terminal resource A, if the residual available quantity of the terminal resource is larger than the threshold value after the terminal resource quantity requested by the application process is allocated to the application process, the operation is switched to (303), and if not, the operation is switched to (305);
(303) the terminal resource allocation module allocates the terminal resources A to the application process A according to the number of the requests for use, informs the terminal resource monitoring module to update the state information of the terminal resources A, increases the occupation information of the application process A, and then the step (304) is carried out;
(304) the application process A finishes terminal resource access, applies for releasing the terminal resource A to the terminal resource allocation module, the terminal resource allocation module withdraws the terminal resource A, informs the terminal resource monitoring module to update the state information of the terminal resource A, and deletes the occupation information of the application process A; turning into (306);
(305) when detecting that the terminal resources are overloaded, informing a terminal resource planning module to carry out terminal resource planning and scheduling;
(306) and ending the terminal resource access flow.
The running state of the application process at least comprises four kinds of states of ready, active, suspended and destroyed, and the switching among the states is completed by starting, suspending, recovering and stopping operations; the application process switching rule refers to the transition probability of switching between application processes. The application process state and the control method thereof are shown in fig. 3, and are described in detail as follows:
when the user selects to start an application, the application process scheduling module can enable the application to enter a ready state and wait for the terminal resource management module to plan and control the terminal resources of the application process;
b, the application process can enter an active state through starting or recovering operation, and the application enters a normal working flow at the moment and can possibly use various system terminal resources;
c, pausing, namely enabling the application process to enter a paused state through pausing operation, pausing the operation of the application process at the moment, not releasing terminal resources such as occupied memory and the like, and only releasing CPU (Central processing Unit) and network bandwidth terminal resources;
d, destroying, namely enabling the application process to enter a destroying state through stopping operation, and releasing terminal resources occupied by the application program when the application program completely exits the runtime environment.
The invention provides a practicable terminal resource planning and scheduling process, which is used for solving the problem of competitive scheduling of shared terminal resources in a scene of simultaneous operation of multiple applications. When the application priority of the system changes or the terminal resource is overloaded, the contention scheduling policy and the procedure of the terminal resource based on the priority are as shown in fig. 4, and are described in detail as follows:
A. non-graphical terminal resources:
(400) initializing terminal resource occupation for system services, e.g. using terminal resourcesM ═ Msys, and the like;
(401) scanning each application process in turn according to the application process priority list which is arranged in descending order, and turning to (405) when all the application processes are scanned;
(402) for each application process s, sequentially judging whether the requirements of limited and exclusive terminal resources (decoding/demultiplexing, peripheral equipment, memory and the like) are met, if the terminal resources can be met, turning to (403), otherwise, marking the application process as 'needing to be stopped', and scanning the next application process;
(403) judging whether the shared terminal resources (CPU, network bandwidth and the like) can meet the application process requirements, if so, turning to (404), otherwise, backtracking the last application process t occupying the terminal resources, and allocating the residual terminal resources and the terminal resources occupied by t to the two application processes according to the priority ratio of the two application processes;
(404) marking the application process as operable, updating the terminal resource occupation amount to the value added into the application process, if so, turning to (402) to scan the next application process;
(405) and after the scheduling planning is finished, returning the planned application process scheduling list to the application process scheduling module.
B. And (4) graphics terminal resources. All application processes running in the system can share the resources of the graphic terminal and display contents on the display equipment. The terminal resource scheduling module needs to maintain the logical hierarchical relationship of the graphic display for the application process, and the graphic request can be satisfied only by the application process running in the foreground, otherwise, the graphic request can be rejected by the terminal resource scheduling module. The scheduling process is as shown in fig. 5, and the specific flow is described as follows:
(500) the terminal resource scheduling module receives a graph request of an application process s, judges the priority of the application process s, if the application process s does not have the highest priority, the step is carried out (501), and if not, the step is carried out (502);
(501) taking the intersection of the screen position (xs, ys, Ws, hs) of the application process s in the priority list and the position (xr, yr, wr, hr) of the current graph operation request as a graph drawing area (xd, yd, wd);
(502) the position (xr, yr, wr, hr) of the current graph operation request is the graph drawing area (xd, yd, wd, hd);
(503) and updating the corresponding graph in the region (xd, yd, wd, hd) to finish scheduling.
The application process scheduling module dynamically establishes the priority for the application process according to the operation of the user and the system state, and the change of the operation of the user and the system state can cause the change of the priority of the application process. When the priority of the application process changes, the application process scheduling module triggers the terminal resource scheduling module to perform the competition scheduling process of the terminal resources again, and performs optimized allocation and scheduling on the terminal resources according to the priority of the application process, so as to preferentially ensure the terminal resource allocation of the high-priority application process. Similarly, when the state of the system terminal resource changes and the terminal resource monitoring module finds that a certain terminal resource is overloaded or conflicted, the terminal resource scheduling module is also triggered to perform the terminal resource competition scheduling process again.
The above embodiments are merely intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit the same, and may be extended in application to other modifications, variations, applications, and embodiments, and all such modifications, variations, applications, and embodiments are deemed to be within the scope of the present invention. For example, the execution order of the flowcharts may be rearranged, some steps (or criteria) may be deleted or added from the flowcharts, the priority decision function may be redesigned as required, the user behavior record information may be added or deleted as appropriate, and the operation flows of the terminal resource scheduling module and the application process scheduling module may be modified as appropriate according to specific implementation situations.
Claims (13)
1. A multi-application process embedded system terminal resource management system comprises: an application process scheduling module and a terminal resource scheduling module, which are characterized in that,
the application process scheduling module is used for establishing the dynamic priority of the application process according to the application type and the statistical rule of the application used by the user when multiple applications run simultaneously; and
the terminal resource scheduling module is used for scheduling the terminal resources,
the terminal resource scheduling module is used for triggering the terminal resource scheduling module to perform optimized allocation and scheduling of the terminal resources again when the terminal resources in the terminal resource management system of the embedded system are overloaded or collided due to more running applications in the terminal resource management system of the embedded system; when a new application starts to run, triggering the terminal resource scheduling module to perform optimized allocation and scheduling of terminal resources, and allocating the terminal resources for the application program; when the priority of the application process changes, triggering the terminal resource scheduling module to perform optimal allocation and scheduling of terminal resources, and preferentially ensuring the reliable operation of the high-priority application of the user;
if the application process scheduling module finds that the priority of one application process is changed or the application process exits, the application process scheduling module informs the terminal resource scheduling module to plan and schedule the terminal resources again, and the application processes access the terminal resources through the strategy provided by the terminal resource scheduling module; the terminal resources include: CPU, internal memory, hard disk, decoder, demultiplexer and graphic engine.
2. The system for managing terminal resources of an embedded system with multiple application processes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the application process scheduling module further comprises:
the state control submodule is used for controlling the running state of the running application process;
the application process information recording submodule is used for monitoring the running state of the running application process and the switching rule of the application process in real time and recording the historical information of the application process used by a user; and
the priority establishing submodule is used for dynamically establishing a priority list for each application process by analyzing and predicting the requirement of a user on the running application process by combining the information of the application process information recording submodule;
wherein, the running state of the running application process comprises: ready, active, suspend, and destroy.
3. The system according to claim 2, wherein the information recorded by the application process information recording sub-module comprises: the switching information of the user focus point at least comprises the switching probability of the user focus point among the applications.
4. The system according to claim 2, wherein the priority level establishing submodule defines a highest priority level for the application process currently running in the foreground.
5. The system according to claim 2, wherein the switching state of the application process comprises: start, pause, resume, and stop.
6. The system according to claim 2, wherein the information in the application process priority list comprises: the ID of the application process, the priority, the maximum number of various terminal resources required by the application and the window position of the application process in the current screen.
7. The system for managing terminal resources of an embedded system with multiple application processes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the terminal resource scheduling module further comprises:
the terminal resource planning submodule is used for realizing competitive scheduling and optimized allocation of certain terminal resources when the certain terminal resources are overloaded or conflict, and generating a corresponding application process scheduling list;
the terminal resource monitoring submodule is used for collecting terminal resource information of the embedded system by terminal resources when the system is started, establishing a state list of the terminal resources, carrying out real-time monitoring and maintaining the use state of the terminal resources;
the terminal resource allocation submodule is used for providing a control method for terminal resource access for the running application process; and
and the terminal resource information maintenance submodule is used for maintaining a state list of the terminal resources.
8. The system according to claim 3, wherein the usage status of the terminal resources is determined by the remaining available quantity of the terminal resources, and specifically includes the following two statuses: availability and overload;
wherein, the available quantity of the residual terminal resources is as follows:
Rfree＝Rtotal-Rsys-Rapp-Rresv-Rthreshold
wherein R isfree isRemaining available amount of terminal resources, Rtotal isTotal amount of system terminal resources, Rsys isNumber of terminal resources occupied by system services, RappNumber of terminal resources, R, occupied for application processresvReserving a terminal resource quantity, R, for a high priority application processthresholdIs a threshold value.
9. A multi-application process embedded system terminal resource management method, the method establishes the dynamic priority of the application process according to the application type and the statistical law of the user application to realize the competitive scheduling of the terminal resource, the method includes:
a step of establishing the dynamic priority of the application process, which is used for establishing and adjusting the dynamic priority of the application process according to the application type and the statistical rule of the application used by the user when multiple applications run simultaneously;
scheduling terminal resources, namely performing competitive scheduling on the terminal resources again in the competitive scheduling process of the terminal resources when the priority of the application process changes, and preferentially ensuring the reliable operation of high-priority applications;
wherein, the step of scheduling the terminal resource further comprises: when the running applications in the system are more and cause overload or conflict of certain terminal resources, or when a new application is started or the application exits from the embedded system, the competitive scheduling process of the terminal resources is carried out, and the competitive scheduling of the terminal resources is carried out again;
the terminal resources specifically include: image resources and non-image resources of the terminal.
10. The method for managing terminal resources of an embedded system with multiple application processes according to claim 9, wherein the step of establishing the dynamic priority of the application process further comprises:
a state control substep of controlling the running state of the running application process;
an application process information recording substep, which monitors the running state of the running application process and the switching rule of the application process in real time, and records and maintains the historical information of the application process used by a user;
and a priority establishing substep, which dynamically establishes a priority list for each application process by analyzing and predicting the requirements of the user on the running application process according to the historical information of the application process used by the user. Wherein,
the history information of the application process comprises: the switching information of the user focus point at least comprises the switching probability of the user focus point among the applications;
the priority establishing substep defines the highest priority for the application process currently running in the foreground;
the information in the application process priority list includes: the ID of the application process, the priority, the maximum number of various terminal resources required by the application and the window position of the application process in the current screen.
11. The method for managing terminal resources of an embedded system with multiple application processes according to claim 10, wherein the step of maintaining history information of the application processes specifically comprises the steps of:
(100) when a user starts to pay attention to the application process i, adding one to H [ i ] [ i ];
(101) when a user jumps from an application process i to an application process j, adding one to H [ i ] [ i ], adding one to the using times T [ i ] fre of T [ i ], wherein the last using time length T [ i ] duration [ fre ] is the time length of using the application process i at this time;
wherein N is the total number of all application processes in the system; h [ i ] [ i ] is an N × N matrix; t [ i ] is a binary set (fre, duration [ fre ]), which contains the number of times the user uses the application i and the duration of each use.
12. The method for managing terminal resources of an embedded system with multiple application processes according to claim 10, wherein the dynamically establishing and adjusting priorities comprises the steps of:
(200) calculating a transition probability matrix S of the user using the application, wherein the calculation method can be shown by the following formula:
(201) assuming that the current user is using the application process i, the priority determination method may employ the following policy: the priority of the application process i is the highest and is Pmax, and the priorities of other application processes are reduced by 1 in sequence according to the descending of the transition probability Si [ j ];
(202) when the application used by the user is switched, the priority calculation is carried out again, and the step (201) is entered;
13. the method for managing terminal resources of an embedded system with multiple application processes according to claim 9, wherein the terminal resource scheduling step further comprises:
(300) when the system is started, initializing a terminal resource state list for recording state information of system terminal resources, wherein the state information comprises a maximum quantity, a used quantity, a residual available quantity and a threshold value;
(301) when the system runs, if a plurality of application processes simultaneously apply for the terminal resource A, requesting to access the terminal resource A for one application process with the highest priority according to the priority list;
(302) checking the state of the terminal resource A, if the residual available quantity of the terminal resource is larger than the threshold value after the quantity of the terminal resource requested by the application process is distributed, switching to (303), and otherwise, switching to (305);
(303) allocating the terminal resources A to the application process according to the number of the requests for use, updating the state information of the terminal resources A by the terminal resources, adding occupation information about the application process, and turning in (304);
(304) the application process completes terminal resource access, the terminal resource applies for releasing the terminal resource A, the terminal resource recovers the terminal resource A, the terminal resource updates the state information of the terminal resource A, and the occupation information of the application process is deleted; turning into (306);
(305) detecting overload of terminal resources, and planning and scheduling the terminal resources through the terminal resources;
(306) and (4) after the terminal resource access process is finished, re-scheduling the terminal resources according to the application process with the priority list as the second best priority, and turning to the step (302).
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