CN102478666A - Method for increasing controllable focus seismographic record first arrival picking precision - Google Patents
Method for increasing controllable focus seismographic record first arrival picking precision Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an interactive first arrival picking monitoring method for geophysical prospecting focus seismic data. Real-time bandpass filtering, gain adjustment and static correction processing for the seismic data are realized, a first arrival plane is spread into a coordinate system utilizing the offset distance as a horizontal ordinate and the time as a vertical coordinate, first arrival picking is realized on common-source point gather or common-receiver point gather, when an offset distance-time domain is not on the same line, the first arrival picked on a current picking gather is corrected or deleted, when in first arrival interactive picking, the thickness of a current picking recorded surface layer is determined by the aid of surface layer speed and thickness parameters, and whether the picked first arrival is correct or not is judged by features of the picked first arrival in the offset distance-time domain. The method can resolve the difficult problem of first arrival picking of controllable focuses of the complex earth's surface, the first arrival picking precision is improved, and the method has a good effect during actual data application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geophysical exploration method, is that the method with quality monitoring is picked up in a kind of mutual first arrival that is applied to the vibroseis seismic data.
Background technology
In the geophysics seismic prospecting, the first arrival static correcting method is the main method that solves complex area static correction problem.It is the basis of first arrival static correcting method that first arrival is picked up, and vibroseis is relevant signature record, as has secondary lobe, and the waveform of primary wave is difficult to identification, and the first arrival position is difficult to judge, it is very big to pick up difficulty.
At present first arrival is picked up and mainly concentrates on first arrival automatic pick method aspect, like phase neighboring trace simple crosscorrelation first arrival pick up, based on the first arrival of the instantaneous characteristic of seismologic record pick up, based on the rim detection first arrival of graph theory pick up, method such as the wavelet transformation first arrival is picked up.No matter conventional first arrival pick-up method is to pick up automatically or pick up alternately, all is to write down to explosive source, not good enough to the effect of vibroseis record.Though when picking up, also there is pair first arrival record to carry out various processing and demonstration means such as filtering, gain, lack characteristic to the vibroseis data, carry out the integrated application of parameter optimization and various means.When the first arrival of vibroseis data is picked up, run into the situation that secondary lobe, energy are weak, high frequency interference is serious, waveform is difficult to recognize, if display parameter are improper, the processing means are single or make up bad very difficult raising first arrival quality, precision is picked up in influence.Present first arrival is picked up, and all is to be directed against how picking up of first arrival, lacks effective quality monitoring measure and means, in the first arrival pick process, is easy to occur picking up the dislocation or the phase place situation of going here and there.
Goal of the invention
The object of the invention provides a kind of solution complicated earth surface vibroseis first arrival existing problems, improves the method that precision is picked up in the first arrival of vibroseis seismologic record.
Summary of the invention
The present invention realizes through following concrete topic step:
1) the vibroseis seismic data is carried out the minimum phase processing;
The described minimum phase processing of step 1) is near the processing means of the secondary lobe first arrival of compacting vibroseis seismic data.
2) the vibroseis seismic data is carried out real-time bandpass filtering;
Step 2) described real-time bandpass filtering is in mutual first arrival pick process, according to bandpass filtering to the change of first break time less than 5ms, the vibroseis data is adjusted in real time near the high and low frequency noise the compacting primary wave.
3) gain adjustment, unipolarity shows and uses static correction to the vibroseis seismic data;
The described gain of step 3) is adjusted and is, causes the first arrival position change less than 5ms according to gain parameter, when first arrival is picked up alternately, adjusts gain parameter in real time, makes the first arrival waveform reach clear identification;
The described unipolarity of step 3) shows it is when the vibroseis first arrival is picked up alternately, to pick up crest or trough, the crest of a display waveform when picking up crest, the trough of a display waveform when picking up trough.
The described application static correction of step 3) is that existing static correction value is used in first arrival when picking up alternately.
4) the first arrival planar distribution to being in the coordinate system of ordinate for the horizontal ordinate time with the offset distance; When on common-shot-gather or common receiving point gather, carrying out first arrival and picking up; When offset distance-time domain is not on a line, picks up the first arrival of picking up on the collection and make amendment or delete, make to reach first arrival and show and concentrate on the curve current;
The described first arrival of step 4) in offset distance-time domain not on a line, parallel lines, cross wire occur or disperse, be to pick up string layer, string phase place or pick up wrong position.
5) utilize the near-surface investigation data to set up surface-level model; Be input to top layer speed and thickness parameter in the picks up data storehouse; First arrival utilizes top layer speed and thickness parameter to confirm current thin and thick of picking up the record top layer when picking up alternately; Judge in the characteristic of offset distance-time domain whether the first arrival of picking up correct, wants repeating step 1 when first arrival and surface-level model do not meet when picking up in conjunction with picking up first arrival) to step 4) up to definite top layer data and till picking up the first arrival curves.
The first arrival that step 5) is described to be confirmed to pick up whether correctly be the first arrival of top layer when thicker in offset distance-time domain for to gradually become straight line from nearly offset distance to offset distance far away by buckling curve, the first arrival the when top layer is thin is a straight line in offset distance-time domain.
The present invention can solve the first arrival of complicated earth surface vibroseis and pick up a difficult problem, improves the precision that first arrival is picked up, and using in real data has effect preferably.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a first arrival record before and after the little Phase Processing of vibroseis, and Fig. 1 a is a record before the little Phase Processing, and Fig. 1 b is a record after the little Phase Processing;
Single shot record contrast before and after Fig. 2 Real-Time Filtering, Fig. 2 a is a record before the filtering, Fig. 2 b is a record after the filtering;
Single shot record contrast after Fig. 3 raw readings and the parameters optimization, Fig. 3 a is the conventional demonstration of raw readings, Fig. 3 b shows that through the record after Real-Time Filtering, gain optimization parameter and the unipolarity Fig. 3 c is that the first arrival behind optimization process and the display parameter is picked up;
Fig. 4 picks up first arrival for using static correction; 4a is first arrival before the static correction, and 4b is first arrival after the static correction;
Fig. 5 is offset distance-time domain monitoring first arrival; First arrival before 5a revises, 5b revises first arrival;
Fig. 6 picks up for conventional first arrival alternately;
Fig. 7 instructs first arrival to pick up for using the top layer survey data;
The three-dimensional vibroseis seismic data effect contrast of Fig. 8 somewhere, the conventional surface-level model method static correction structural feature of a is unusual, and b is that chromatography static correction result is carried out in the first arrival of adopting this method to pick up.
Embodiment
Specify the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
1) the vibroseis seismic data is carried out the minimum phase processing;
The minimum phase processing is near the processing means of the secondary lobe first arrival of compacting vibroseis seismic data; Can effectively suppress secondary lobe; Be the contrast effect before and after using like Fig. 1, near the secondary lobe that the application minimum phase is handled the first arrival of back is effectively suppressed, and first arrival is differentiated more easily.
2) the vibroseis data is carried out real-time bandpass filtering;
In real time bandpass filtering is in mutual first arrival pick process, according to bandpass filtering to the change of first break time less than 5ms, the vibroseis data is adjusted in real time near the high and low frequency noise the compacting primary wave., use near the noise of back first arrival and obtained effective compacting for using the record contrast of filtering front and back like Fig. 2.
3) gain adjustment, unipolarity shows and uses static correction to seismic data;
If the gain adjustment causes the first arrival position change less than 5ms according to gain parameter,, first arrival adjusts gain parameter when picking up alternately in real time, and make the first arrival waveform reach clear identification; It is when the vibroseis first arrival is picked up alternately, to pick up crest or trough, the crest of a display waveform when picking up crest, the trough of a display waveform when picking up trough that unipolarity shows.
Fig. 3 a, Fig. 3 b are raw readings and the seismologic record contrast that shows through gain adjustment, filtering, unipolarity, and through the clear easy identification of record first arrival after optimizing, Fig. 3 c is that the result is picked up in final first arrival.
Use static correction and be and use existing static correction value when first arrival is picked up alternately, pick up the contrast of using before and after the static correction like Fig. 4 for first arrival, primary wave is linear distribution after the application static correction, and rule more obviously helps picking up and monitoring.
4) the first arrival planar distribution to being in the coordinate system of ordinate for the horizontal ordinate time with the offset distance; When on common-shot-gather or common receiving point gather, carrying out first arrival and picking up; When offset distance-time domain is not on a line, picks up the first arrival of picking up on the collection and make amendment or delete, make to reach first arrival and show and concentrate on the curve current.Like Fig. 5 is offset distance-time domain monitoring first break time, and it is to pick up the string layer to cause that the first arrival parallel lines appear in Fig. 5 a, and Fig. 5 b is that first arrival focuses on the curve through most correct locational first arrival at the beginning of revising.
5) utilize the near-surface investigation data to set up surface-level model; Be input to top layer speed and thickness parameter in the picks up data storehouse; First arrival utilizes top layer speed and thickness parameter to confirm current thin and thick of picking up the record top layer when picking up alternately; Judge in the characteristic of offset distance-time domain whether the first arrival of picking up correct, wants repeating step 1 when first arrival and surface-level model do not meet when picking up in conjunction with picking up first arrival) to step 4) up to definite top layer data and till picking up the first arrival curves.For to gradually become straight line from nearly offset distance to offset distance far away by buckling curve, the first arrival the when top layer is thin is a straight line in offset distance-time domain in offset distance-time domain in first arrival when the top layer is thicker.
Fig. 6 picks up the first arrival of acquisition for conventional first arrival; Only do not see bigger problem from first supreme monitoring, Fig. 7 near-surface investigation data instructs first arrival to pick up the first arrival of acquisition, and the top layer attribute curve below from Fig. 7 can be known; The top layer of this big gun collection position is thin (3-10 rice); The first arrival on this type top layer should be straight line rather than curve in offset distance-time domain, so the first arrival that Fig. 6 picks up is wrong, the first arrival that Fig. 7 picks up be correct.
Fig. 8 is the effect contrast after the employing said method picks up first arrival, and the conventional surface-level model method static correction structural feature of a is unusual, and b is that chromatography static correction calculating and application are carried out in the first arrival of adopting this method to pick up, has solved long wavelength's static correction problem.
Claims (8)
1. improve the method that precision is picked up in the first arrival of vibroseis seismologic record in one, characteristics are to realize through following concrete steps:
1) the vibroseis seismic data is carried out the minimum phase processing;
2) the vibroseis seismic data is carried out real-time bandpass filtering;
3) gain adjustment, unipolarity shows and uses static correction to the vibroseis seismic data;
4) the first arrival planar distribution to being in the coordinate system of ordinate for the horizontal ordinate time with the offset distance; When on common-shot-gather or common receiving point gather, carrying out first arrival and picking up; When offset distance-time domain is not on a line, picks up the first arrival of picking up on the collection and make amendment or delete, make to reach first arrival and show and concentrate on the curve current;
5) utilize the near-surface investigation data to set up surface-level model; Be input to top layer speed and thickness parameter in the picks up data storehouse; First arrival utilizes top layer speed and thickness parameter to confirm current thin and thick of picking up the record top layer when picking up alternately; Judge in the characteristic of offset distance-time domain whether the first arrival of picking up correct, wants repeating step 1 when first arrival and surface-level model do not meet when picking up in conjunction with picking up first arrival) to step 4) up to definite top layer data and till picking up the first arrival curves.
2. according to the method for claim 1, characteristics are that the described minimum phase processing of step 1) is near the processing means of the secondary lobe first arrival of compacting vibroseis seismic data.
3. according to the method for claim 1; Characteristics are steps 2) described real-time bandpass filtering is in mutual first arrival pick process; According to bandpass filtering to the change of first break time less than 5ms, the vibroseis data is adjusted in real time near the high and low frequency noise the compacting primary wave.
4. according to the method for claim 1, characteristics are that the described gain adjustment of step 3) is, cause the first arrival position change less than 5ms according to gain parameter, when first arrival is picked up alternately, adjust gain parameter in real time, make the first arrival waveform reach clear identification.
5. according to the method for claim 1, characteristics are that the described unipolarity of step 3) shows it is when the vibroseis first arrival is picked up alternately, to pick up crest or trough, the crest of a display waveform when picking up crest, the trough of a display waveform when picking up trough.
6. according to the method for claim 1, characteristics are that the described application static correction of step 3) is that existing static correction value is used in first arrival when picking up alternately.
7. according to the method for claim 1, characteristics be the described first arrival of step 4) in offset distance-time domain not on a line, parallel lines, cross wire occur or disperse, be to pick up string layer, string phase place or pick up wrong position.
8. according to the method for claim 1; Characteristics be the described first arrival of confirming to pick up of step 5) whether correctly be the first arrival of top layer when thicker in offset distance-time domain for to gradually become straight line from nearly offset distance to offset distance far away by buckling curve, the first arrival the when top layer is thin is a straight line in offset distance-time domain.
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| CN104122587A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2014-10-29 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Abnormity first appearance recognition method and system based on offset domain |
| CN104375186A (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-02-25 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method and system for removing abnormal first arrivals |
| CN106842325A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-06-13 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | The method that first break picking efficiency and accuracy rate are improved using receiver static correction iterative method |
| CN110596747A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-12-20 | 崔宏良 | Surface layer investigation method for vibroseis excitation node reception |
| CN112379436A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-19 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method and device for calculating static correction value of seismic data excited by mixed seismic source |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104122587A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2014-10-29 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Abnormity first appearance recognition method and system based on offset domain |
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| CN106842325A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-06-13 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | The method that first break picking efficiency and accuracy rate are improved using receiver static correction iterative method |
| CN106842325B (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2019-02-01 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | The method for improving first break picking efficiency and accuracy rate using receiver static correction iterative method |
| CN110596747A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-12-20 | 崔宏良 | Surface layer investigation method for vibroseis excitation node reception |
| CN112379436A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-19 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method and device for calculating static correction value of seismic data excited by mixed seismic source |
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