CN102474911B - 低电阻电加热系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
低电阻电加热系统,包括由低电阻导电材料形成的电加热元件(10),电加热元件(10)包括覆盖几乎所有的待加热区域的两个平螺旋区(10a)和(10b),低电阻导电材料具有足够高的电阻来产生热量。电加热元件(10)的平螺旋区(10a)和(10b)配置为螺旋状,使得产热电流在平螺旋区(10a)和(10b)的每个中以相同方向而不是相反流过。电加热元件(10)的每个平螺旋区(10a)和(10b)的中心(10c)彼此串联连接。在平螺旋(10d)的外面部分处,平螺旋区(10a)和(10b)与受控电源(11)连接,从而构成回路。
Description
背景技术
众所周知的,电可生热。当通过电源两端的电势差产生电流时,包括导电材料的加热元件因该导电材料具有足够高的电阻而可以产生热量。产生热量所需的功率P瓦特与通过加热元件的电流I安培、它的电阻R欧姆和其两端的电势差V伏特有关,满足下列关系:
P=I2R≈VI瓦特。
以上公式是在能量转换温度下产生的热量,其中电能完全转换为热量。许多导电材料的能量转换温度高于其熔融温度,使得加热元件必须包括高电阻的合金,从而在达到它的熔融温度之前先达到它的能量转换温度。这种合金的能量转换温度比所需温度高许多,因此需要将温度控制在所需温度处。并且高电阻的加热元件具有合适的加热速度,使得恒温开关有时间做出响应,从而将所需温度尽可能地保持为接近常数。问题在于,加热元件的电阻越高,其所需要的电流越高以及其两端加载的电势差越高,高电势差可驱动电流通过以产生热量,由此需要更高的功率以及更多的电能来产生热量。
在待加热表面分布热量的高效方式为使加热元件尽可能完全覆盖待加热表面。这可通过具有足够长度的箔来实现。问题在于,加热元件的电阻与它的电阻率及几何形状直接相关,由于当前加热元件中使用的合金已具有高电阻,其将具有高电阻率。箔还具有减小很多的横截面积和增加的长度,更多地增加了其电阻,从而需要更高的功率以及因此的更多的电能来产生热量。加热元件几何形状的这一限制限定了它提供热量的方式。为此,第二介质(例如水或油)用于从加热元件向例如嵌入式散热器的表面传递热量,由于水或油能更有效地分散热量,且水或油较低的升温速度允许恒温时间响应温度变化,产生安全的表面温度。
几乎所有的国内电加热应用和许多工业的电加热应用在低电阻导电材料(例如铜和铝)的熔融温度以下。以下关系式P=I2R≈VI瓦特表明,如果可减小加热元件的电阻,将减小产热所需的功率。具有低电阻导电材料(例如铜或铝)的问题在于,当与未受控电源连接时,它们非常迅速地升温至其熔融温度。为此将它们用作保险丝。
假使通过采用零损耗电容形式的电容性阻抗组件控制受控电源来供应有限量的功率,其中电压跨过电加热元件、电流受驱动通过电加热元件,由于具有零电阻和电感,所述电容性电抗组件以下列方式严格控制通过其传输的任何电流,
I=2πfCVs。
它可与变压器结合来升高或降低跨过电加热元件的需要电压。然后,电加热元件将接收足量功率,以合适的加热速度在一温度、仅仅在其熔融温度以下产热。通过使用低电阻导电材料可减小加热元件的电阻。然后,在加热元件的电阻没有大量增加的情况下,电加热元件可由导电材料箔制成、来覆盖待加热的面积或增加待加热的表面积,提高加热效率,从而降低功率并因此降低产热所需的电能。
当电流在电加热元件中流动时,它产生电磁场,直至它达到其能量转换温度。如果电加热元件配置为具有相反电流,产生的电磁场将是相反的,其将降低电流的热效应,因此降低电加热元件的效率。因此,电加热元件必须配置为加热电流在相同方向流动,从而电磁场不会彼此相反并增加产热效率。由于受感应(induced)远离加热元件,某些产生的电磁场还会损失,从而降低产热电流产生的热量。通过提供电磁场偏转器,感应远离的电磁场可重感应至电加热元件中,提升产热电流并提高电加热元件的热效率。
发明内容
本发明为低电阻电加热系统,包括由低电阻导电材料形成的电加热元件以产生热量。该低电阻导电材料可定义为:作为具有该电阻的导电材料,当通过与非受控电源连接来用作电加热元件时,所述导电材料在达到能量转换温度之前将先达到它的熔融温度并熔化。以这种方式配置电加热元件使得流过它的电流以相同方向流动,从而产生的电磁场不会相反,因而提高了加热效率。所述电加热元件与AC或DC受控电源连接,其中,控制加载在所述电加热元件上的电压以及通过所述电加热元件的电流来限定电加热元件的功率。受控电源控制电加热元件的功率量,因此安全地将所述电加热元件的温度限制为能量转换温度,所述能量转换温度在形成所述电加热元件的所述低电阻导电材料的熔融温度以下,从而减少了在所需温度处或附近产生热量所需要的能量。所述低电阻电加热系统设有由导电材料制成的电磁场偏转器,用以重新感应受感应消除的电磁场,所述电磁场偏转器形成,提升产热电流、从而提高所述电加热元件的产热效率。
附图说明
现在将通过以下图描述本发明。
图1是与受控电源连接的低电阻电加热系统中彼此分离的组件的透视图;
图2是受控电源电路的第一实施例的示意图;
图3是受控电源电路的第二实施例的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1显示了低电阻电加热系统的组件的透视图,其包括低电阻导电材料形成的电加热元件10,该电加热元件10包括几乎覆盖所有的待加热区域的两个平螺旋区(flat spiraled section)10a和10b,低电阻导电材料具有足够高的电阻来产生热量。电加热元件10的平螺旋区10a和10b配置为螺旋状,从而使得每个平螺旋区10a和10b中的产热电流以相同方向而不是相反方向流动。电加热元件10的每个平螺旋区10a和10b的中心10c彼此串联连接。平螺旋区10a和10b通常在平螺旋10d的外面部分与如图2所示的第一实施例中的受控电源电路11或与如图3所示的第二实施例中的受控电源电路连接来构成回路;其中,第一实施例中的受控电源电路11包括控制加载在电加热元件10两端的电压的变压器14、以及控制通过电加热元件10的产热电流的零损耗电容15;而第二实施例中的受控电源电路包括至少一个零损耗电容15,用以控制加载在电压加热元件10两端的电压和通过电加热元件的产热电流。
以该方式连接螺旋区10a和10b,可使得连接电加热元件10与受控电源11的连接件不会与电加热元件10的平螺旋区10a和10b交叉。低电阻电加热系统设有一片导电材料作为电磁场偏转器12。电磁场偏转器12被电加热元件10的两个区10a和10b包围,并通过导热绝缘材料13彼此电绝缘。流经电加热元件10的两个区10a和10b的产热电流所产生的电磁场受电磁场偏转器12作用发生偏转并重新感应,提升产热电流。整个装配在电加热元件10的两个区10a和10b的外表面设有导热的电绝缘材料13(显示为在电加热元件10的区10a的外表面处的切去物(cut away)),从而待加热表面与电加热元件10的两个区10a和10b电绝缘。提供恒温装置(未显示)来控制电加热元件10的温度。
Claims (2)
1.一种低电阻电加热系统,其特征在于,包括:
低电阻导电材料,所述低电阻导电材料形成电加热元件,所述低电阻导电材料定义为:
具有该电阻的导电材料,其中当所述具有该电阻的导电材料通过与非受控电源连接用作所述电加热元件时,在用作所述电加热元件的所述具有该电阻的导电材料达到能量转换温度之前,所述具有该电阻的导电材料将先达到它的熔融温度并熔化;
所述低电阻导电材料配置为螺旋状平板以形成所述电加热元件的至少一个区以确保产热电流以相同的方向流动并由此最大限度地减少损耗;
所述电加热元件的所述配置的螺旋平板的至少一个区与所述电加热元件的所述配置的螺旋平板的所述至少一个区的另一个电连接;
在每个螺旋的中心处电连接所述电加热元件的所述配置的螺旋平板的至少一个区的每个;
所述低电阻电加热系统设有至少一个电磁场偏转器,所述电磁场偏转器用于将由流过所述电加热元件的产热电流产生的电磁场进行偏转并与所述电加热元件中的装置重新感应,提升产热电流,从而提高所述电加热元件的产热效率;
所述电加热元件的所述配置的螺旋平板的至少一个区的每个设有与受控电源连接的装置;以及所述电加热元件由受控电源提供电能,
所述电源提供的电能通过串联在所述电源内的电容结合变压器来降低电源的电压并升高产热电流,以为所述电加热元件提供合适的电压来跨过所述电加热元件,并提供合适的电流通过所述电加热元件以进行产热;
所述电容是零损耗电容,并通过所述电容的电容值和所述电容的供电电压严格控制产热电流从而限制所述电源的输出功率,并控制经过所述电加热元件的电流;从而在所述电加热元件产热时,通过所述电容限制提供给所述电加热元件的电能;控制流过所述电加热元件的电流以确保在能量转换发生的能量转换温度下热量的生成;且所述能量转换温度安全地位于所述电加热元件的熔融温度以下,从而减少产热所需的能量。
2.一种低电阻电加热系统,其特征在于,包括:
电加热元件,所述电加热元件包括低电阻导电材料,所述低电阻导电材料定义为:
具有该电阻的导电材料,其中当所述具有该电阻的导电材料通过与非受控电源连接用作所述电加热元件时,在用作所述电加热元件的所述具有该电阻的导电材料达到能量转换温度之前,所述具有该电阻的导电材料将先达到它的熔融温度并熔化;
所述低电阻导电材料形成电加热元件,所述低电阻导电材料配置为螺旋状平板以形成所述电加热元件的至少一个区以确保产热电流以相同的方向流动并由此最大限度地减少损耗;
所述电加热元件的所述配置的螺旋平板的至少一个区与所述电加热元件的所述配置的螺旋平板的所述至少一个区的另一个电连接;
在每个螺旋的中心处电连接所述电加热元件的所述配置的螺旋平板的至少一个区的每个;
所述低电阻电加热系统设有至少一个电磁场偏转器;
所述电磁场偏转器是将由流过所述电加热元件的产热电流产生的电磁场进行偏转并与所述电加热元件中的装置重新感应,提升产热电流,从而提高所述电加热元件的产热效率;
所述电加热元件的所述配置的螺旋平板的至少一个区的每个设有与受控电源连接的装置;以及所述电加热元件由受控电源提供电能,
所述电源的电能通过设置在所述电源内的电容进行严格控制;
所述电容是零损耗电容通过所述电容的电容值和所述电容的供电电压严格控制产热电流从而限制所述电源的输出功率,并控制经过所述电加热元件的电流;从而在包括所述低电阻导电材料的所述电加热元件产热时,通过所述电容限制提供给所述电加热元件的电能;控制流过所述电加热元件的电流以确保在能量转换发生的能量转换温度下热量的生成;且所述能量转换温度安全地位于所述电加热元件的熔融温度以下,从而减少产热所需的能量。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB0911410.9A GB0911410D0 (en) | 2009-07-01 | 2009-07-01 | A low power electric heating system |
GB0911410.9 | 2009-07-01 | ||
PCT/GB2010/001266 WO2011001144A2 (en) | 2009-07-01 | 2010-06-30 | A low resistance electric heating system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN102474911A CN102474911A (zh) | 2012-05-23 |
CN102474911B true CN102474911B (zh) | 2014-10-29 |
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CN201080029998.8A Expired - Fee Related CN102474911B (zh) | 2009-07-01 | 2010-06-30 | 低电阻电加热系统 |
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US (1) | US20120199576A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2449853A2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2012532433A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20120096925A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102474911B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2010267750B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI1010181A2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2804160C (zh) |
EA (1) | EA024312B1 (zh) |
GB (2) | GB0911410D0 (zh) |
MY (1) | MY163724A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2011001144A2 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA201200785B (zh) |
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DE102012222112A1 (de) | 2011-12-13 | 2013-06-13 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Antriebsstrang mit einem Doppelkupplungsgetriebe und Verfahren zu dessen Steuerung |
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GB272166A (en) * | 1926-06-05 | 1927-06-23 | Skandinaviske Kabel Og Gummifa | An electric heating cable |
SU595269A1 (ru) * | 1976-04-21 | 1978-02-28 | Трест "Оргтехстрой" Главкузбасстроя | Устройство дл обогрева бетонных поверхностей |
JPS5635389A (en) * | 1979-08-30 | 1981-04-08 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Method of manufacturing circuit of panel heater |
JPH02244592A (ja) * | 1989-03-17 | 1990-09-28 | Shirakawa Shiro | 温熱マット類 |
CN1135059C (zh) * | 1996-12-19 | 2004-01-14 | 先进加热工艺有限公司 | 非晶金属合金电加热元件及电加热系统 |
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IT1298207B1 (it) * | 1998-01-27 | 1999-12-20 | Cadif Srl | Sistema per la trasformazione dell'energia elettrica in energia termica gia' diffusa, ad alta temperatura mediante resistenze |
GB2340713B (en) * | 1998-08-12 | 2003-03-12 | Otter Controls Ltd | Improvements relating to electric heating elements |
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JP2002252073A (ja) * | 2001-02-22 | 2002-09-06 | Ko Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk | 電気加熱ヒ−タの省電力法 |
RU2222756C1 (ru) * | 2002-12-16 | 2004-01-27 | Закрытое акционерное общество "Промышленный центр "МАТЭКС" | Индукционная плавильная тигельная печь для изготовления слитков и отливок из магниевых сплавов |
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CN101437332A (zh) * | 2007-11-13 | 2009-05-20 | 高艳君 | 一种电热毯 |
-
2009
- 2009-07-01 GB GBGB0911410.9A patent/GB0911410D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2010
- 2010-06-30 CN CN201080029998.8A patent/CN102474911B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-06-30 EA EA201290033A patent/EA024312B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-06-30 GB GB1011055A patent/GB2471575A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-06-30 CA CA2804160A patent/CA2804160C/en active Active
- 2010-06-30 MY MYPI2012000001A patent/MY163724A/en unknown
- 2010-06-30 KR KR1020127002861A patent/KR20120096925A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-06-30 AU AU2010267750A patent/AU2010267750B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-06-30 WO PCT/GB2010/001266 patent/WO2011001144A2/en active Application Filing
- 2010-06-30 JP JP2012519045A patent/JP2012532433A/ja active Pending
- 2010-06-30 BR BRPI1010181A patent/BRPI1010181A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-06-30 EP EP10742519A patent/EP2449853A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-07-01 US US13/381,162 patent/US20120199576A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2471575A (en) | 2011-01-05 |
WO2011001144A9 (en) | 2011-02-17 |
BRPI1010181A2 (pt) | 2018-03-13 |
EP2449853A2 (en) | 2012-05-09 |
EA024312B1 (ru) | 2016-09-30 |
MY163724A (en) | 2017-10-13 |
GB0911410D0 (en) | 2009-08-12 |
AU2010267750B2 (en) | 2015-05-28 |
ZA201200785B (en) | 2016-05-25 |
CA2804160A1 (en) | 2011-01-06 |
KR20120096925A (ko) | 2012-08-31 |
CN102474911A (zh) | 2012-05-23 |
EA201290033A2 (ru) | 2012-09-28 |
JP2012532433A (ja) | 2012-12-13 |
CA2804160C (en) | 2018-11-13 |
WO2011001144A2 (en) | 2011-01-06 |
AU2010267750A1 (en) | 2012-02-23 |
US20120199576A1 (en) | 2012-08-09 |
GB201011055D0 (en) | 2010-08-18 |
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